21
DEVELOPMENT IN CODES FOR NEW AND EXISTING CONCRETE STRUCTURES fib MC2020
DEVELOPMENT IN CODES FOR NEW AND EXISTING CONCRETE STRUCTURES
fib MC2020
DEVELOPMENT IN CODES FOR NEW AND EXISTING CONCRETE STRUCTURESfib MC2020
MEMBER STATES OF MERCOSUR
2
DEVELOPMENT IN CODES FOR NEW AND EXISTING CONCRETE STRUCTURES fib MC2020
RETAINING SILOS(silo warehouses)
3
DEVELOPMENT IN CODES FOR NEW AND EXISTING CONCRETE STRUCTURESfib MC2020
4
FILLING PRESSURES IN A RETAINING SILO:
GRAINS: GLOBAL DEMAND EXPANSION INDEX SINCE 1990Base = 100
5
DEVELOPMENT IN CODES FOR NEW AND EXISTING CONCRETE STRUCTURES fib MC2020
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
19
89
/9
0
19
90
/9
1
19
91
/9
2
19
92
/9
3
19
93
/9
4
19
94
/9
5
19
95
/9
6
19
96
/9
7
19
97
/9
8
19
98
/9
9
19
99
/0
0
20
00
/0
1
20
01
/0
2
20
02
/0
3
20
03
/0
4
20
04
/0
5
20
05
/0
6
20
06
/0
7
20
07
/0
8
20
08
/0
9
20
09
/1
0
20
10
/1
1
20
11
/1
2
20
12
/1
3
20
13
/1
4
20
14
/1
5
20
15
/1
6
20
16
/1
7
GRÃOS: ÍNDICES DE EXPANSÃO DA DEMANDA MUNDIAL - 1990=BASE 100
SOJA
MILHO
ARROZ
TRIGO
TOTAL
SOY
CORN
RICE
WHEAT
TOTAL
207%
108%
46%
36%
74%
40,2
51,152,7
53,554,8
56,457,8
59,260,5
61,963,2
64,6 64,965,3
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
58
60
62
64
66
68
20
00
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
20
17
20
18
20
19
20
20
20
21
20
22
20
23
CHINA: PROJEÇÃO DA DEMANDA DE
CARNES ATÉ 2023 - KG/HAB/ANO
CHINA: MEAT DEMAND PROJECTION UNTIL 2023 – kg/person/year
2016-2023: +7,5 kg/person/year x 1,33 trillion CHINESE PEOPLE
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DEVELOPMENT IN CODES FOR NEW AND EXISTING CONCRETE STRUCTURESfib MC2020
7
DEVELOPMENT IN CODES FOR NEW AND EXISTING CONCRETE STRUCTURESfib MC2020
SOY PRODUCTION IN MERCOSUR COUNTRIES, IN MILLION TONS
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
20
00
/20
01
20
01
/20
02
20
02
/20
03
20
03
/20
04
20
04
/20
05
20
05
/20
06
20
06
/20
07
20
07
/20
08
20
08
/20
09
20
09
/20
10
20
10
/20
11
20
11
/20
12
20
12
/20
13
20
13
/20
14
20
14
/20
15
20
15
/20
16
20
16
/20
17
SOJA: PRODUÇÃO NOS PAÍSES DO MERCOSUL EM MILHÕES DE TONELADAS
BRASIL ARGENTINA PARAGUAI URUGUAIBRAZIL ARGENTINA PARAGUAY URUGUAY
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
20
00
/2
00
1
20
01
/2
00
2
20
02
/2
00
3
20
03
/2
00
4
20
04
/2
00
5
20
05
/2
00
6
20
06
/2
00
7
20
07
/2
00
8
20
08
/2
00
9
20
09
/2
01
0
20
10
/2
01
1
20
11
/2
01
2
20
12
/2
01
3
20
13
/2
01
4
20
14
/2
01
5
20
15
/2
01
6
20
16
/2
01
7
MILHO: PRODUÇÃO NOS PAÍSES DO MERCOSUL EM MILHÕES DE TONELADAS
BRASIL ARGENTINA PARAGUAI URUGUAI
CORN PRODUCTION IN MERCOSUR COUNTRIES, IN MILLION TONS
BRAZIL ARGENTINA PARAGUAY URUGUAY
STORAGE: COMPARISON BETWEEN HARVEST AND STATIC CAPACITY IN 2016
COUNTRY
GRAIN PRODUCTION *
STORAGE CAPACITY
DEFICIT / SURPLUS
FARM CAPACITY FARM CAPACITY
MILLION TONS MILLION TONS MILLION TONS MILLION TONS %
USA 574.9 636.7 61.8 353.8 56%
BRAZIL 234.4 162 -72.4 25 15%
ARGENTINA 125.5 75.1 -50.4 16 21%
URUGUAY 6.8 6.8 0 0.3 4%
* Includes soy, corn, wheat and rice production.
OBS: It does not include the capacity in bag silos
Made by Carlos Cogo Consultoria Agroeconomica
8
DEVELOPMENT IN CODES FOR NEW AND EXISTING CONCRETE STRUCTURESfib MC2020
9
DEVELOPMENT IN CODES FOR NEW AND EXISTING CONCRETE STRUCTURES fib MC2020
In Brazil, only a small part ofgrain production (approximately8,5%) is stored in silo-bags. Therest of the deficit is resolvedstoring in the open air, withlosses above 10%.
(La Nación, Buenos Aires)
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DEVELOPMENT IN CODES FOR NEW AND EXISTING CONCRETE STRUCTURES fib MC2020
CORN STORED IN THE OPEN AIR – MATO GROSSO (AUGUST/2015)
11
DEVELOPMENT IN CODES FOR NEW AND EXISTING CONCRETE STRUCTURES fib MC2020
VERTICAL SILO CLUSTERSTGM - Montevideo
HORIZONTAL SILO WAREHOUSESCorporación Navíos - Nueva Palmira
12
DEVELOPMENT IN CODES FOR NEW AND EXISTING CONCRETE STRUCTURES fib MC2020
DEVELOPMENT IN CODES FOR NEW AND EXISTING CONCRETE STRUCTURESfib MC2020
13
FILLING PRESSURES IN A RETAINING SILO:
14
DEVELOPMENT IN CODES FOR NEW AND EXISTING CONCRETE STRUCTURES fib MC2020
ANDRÉ & MARCEL REIMBERT:
Assuming that the internal friction angle is equal to the natural slopeangle:
15
DEVELOPMENT IN CODES FOR NEW AND EXISTING CONCRETE STRUCTURES fib MC2020
UNE 1991:
“The evaluation ofthe lateral pressureratio K should takeaccount of therestraint providedby the wall againstoutward movementof the stored solid.Where a structuralanalysis is used todemonstrate thatthe wall candisplace sufficientlyin its elastic range,a lower value of Kmay be adopted.”
16
DEVELOPMENT IN CODES FOR NEW AND EXISTING CONCRETE STRUCTURES fib MC2020
Given the width/height ratio , the grain always reaches the wall after falling down the grain slope.
17
DEVELOPMENT IN CODES FOR NEW AND EXISTING CONCRETE STRUCTURES fib MC2020
Silo warehouse duringa rice harvest seasonin Uruguay
18
DEVELOPMENT IN CODES FOR NEW AND EXISTING CONCRETE STRUCTURES fib MC2020
Considering also that the stored grainheight is a meter over the design value, wewould have a shearing stress 3 times higherand a bending moment 3.6 times higherthan the design loads.
The pressure obtained from Reimbert's passive thrust, adopting an internalfriction angle of 30° for rice, turns out to be twice the value of the originalcalculation.
19
DEVELOPMENT IN CODES FOR NEW AND EXISTING CONCRETE STRUCTURES fib MC2020
CRACKS IN SILO WAREHOUSE WALL DUE TO OVERLOADING
20
DEVELOPMENT IN CODES FOR NEW AND EXISTING CONCRETE STRUCTURES fib MC2020
DEVELOPMENT IN CODES FOR NEW AND EXISTING CONCRETE STRUCTURES
fib MC2020
Thank you for your attention!
21
Many thanks to agro-business consultantDr. Carlos Cobos for his contribution tothis presentation
