Development of affordable adsorbent systems
for arsenic and fluoride removal in the
drinking water sources in Tanzania
(DAFWAT)
Felix Mtalo, Joseph Mtamba
Department of Water Resources Engineering,
University of Dar es Salam (UDSM), Tanzania,
E-mail: [email protected].
Prosun Bhattacharya, Berit Balfors, Roger
Thunvik, Helfrid Schulte-Herbrüggen,
M. Annaduzzaman
Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Technology KTH-
International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group Teknikringen 76, SE-10044
Stockholm, Sweden
E-mail: [email protected]
Project reference: .........2235............
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Popular Summary:
There is a serious problem of elevated concentration of Arsenic and Fluoride containing
waters in parts of the Tanzanian Rift valley, particularly in the Northern regions. The elevated
concentration of these elements has posed a serious medical problem for dental, skeletal and
skin cancer. About 90% of the population living along the Great Rift Valley are affected by
dental fluorosis at some point. Fluoride issues have been having a lower priority and less
action has been taken to overcome the problem. In some communities there is no reliable
source of low-fluoride water and people may not realise the effects it has on their daily lives.
Current defluoridation technology employed in northern Tanzania is based on household and
community scale units. The units use bone char for sorption of fluoride. While this technology
reduces the fluoride level, it cannot produce water that complies with WHO guideline values
especially due to colouration and in some cases smell. There is also the problem of
preparation of the bones, collection of sustainable quantities and some religious beliefs.
Furthermore, high concentrations of arsenic in hand dug wells and deep wells were reported
in the gold mining areas around lake Victoria Basin
Alternative promising adsorbent materials investigated at UDSM, is a combination of
calcined gypsum, bauxite, and magnesites which are available naturally in Tanzania. Other
pollutants such as colour will be removed using membrane technology.
In this study, investigation and optimisation of the use of low-cost affordable adsorbents to
remove fluoride and Arsenic from water will be perfected at laboratory scale, and a pilot
water defluoridation plant will be constructed and tested at one of the places with excess
fluoride under the Arusha Urban Water Supply and Sewerage Authority (AUWSA). This will
also involve a pilot plant for preparation (crushing, sieving and calcination) of adsorbents
from locally available adsorbents rawmaterials (gypsum, bauxite and magnesite). The other
impurities such as colour, organic matter and trace elements will be removed by appyling the
membrane technology.
Development of affordable adsorbent systems for geogenic contaminant removal (2015-2020)
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Table of Content
Popular Summary ............. 2
Popular Science description ............. 4
1. Introduction ............. 5
2. Background ............. 6
3. Benefits and added value for the partnership between the target
University and Swedish university ........... 15
4. Plans and expected outcome of the selected research training area of
focus/ the research supporting component ........... 16
5. Capacity Development Process: Brief outline of planned activities ........... 16
6. The planned contribution and responsibility of each of the
partners/participants/positions in the proposed research training
programme ........... 22
7. Management ........... 22
8. The operational issues of the research training programme/ research
supporting component ........... 24
9. Organisation of the Personnel Welfare ........... 26
10. Ethical consideration ........... 26
11. References ........... 26
Development of affordable adsorbent systems for geogenic contaminant removal (2015-2020)
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Popular Science description:
The problem of fluoride and arsenic contaminated water has been reported in several studies
for water collected around the volcanic mountains, the Rift valley and the mining areas
around lake Victoria in Tanzania. The occurrence is geogenic and methods of reducing or
cleaning the water from the contaminants require a lot of energy or highly sophisticated
technologies which are not common or affordable within the communities living in these
areas. They are therefore forced to drink the contaminated water resulting in illhealth
conditions as observed in the reports from the hospitals and the community in general. 90% of
the people and animals living in these areas are surfering from fluorosis and those close to the
gold mining areas have been reported suffering from skin disorders.
The elevated concentration of these elements has posed a serious medical problems for dental,
skeletal and skin cancer. Fluorosis due to a high intake of fluoride from drinking waters has
previously been reported from several parts of the Tanzania, especially in the Great Rift
Valley and volcanic mountaneous areas of Meru and Kilimanjaro. The ground waters
especially around lake Victoria are characterized by elevated arsenic concentrations which
impair the drinking water quality; however studies are meagre to assess the severity of the
health outcomes. Focussed study will be undertaken to assess the extent of arsenic
contamination atround lake Victoria and in the rift valley groundwaters in order to design
suitable measures for mitigation and alleviate the safe drinking water access to the population
living in these regions.
The present project is focused on investigating the sorption performances of affordable
adsorbent systems for fluoride and arsenic removal in drinking water sources in Tanzania. A
pilot water defluoridation plant will be constructed and tested at one of the boreholes with
excess fluoride under the Arusha Urban Water Supply and Sewerage Authority (AUWSA).
This will also include a pilot plant for preparation (crushing, sieving and calcination) of
adsorbents from locally available adsorbents raw materials (gypsum, bauxite and magnesite).
The membrane technology will be tested for removing colour and othe organics form the raw
water.. AUWSA is interested in this project, since it will provide possible solutions to
alleviate the problem of potable water supply to Arusha city where several boreholes have
been condemned due to elevated Fluoride levels. The urgent need of investigating the
severity and distribution of geogenic contaminants such as arsenic and fluoride in the
Tanzania drinking water supply sources has been little documented in the country. From the
limited information available, groundwater compositions appear to be spatially variable and
highly dependent on the aquifer lithology. The arsenic and fluoride concentration in the
drinking water supply of are much higher than the WHO recommendations for drinking water
quality.
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Enclosure 1
1. Introduction
There is a serious drinking water quality problem related to the presence of elevated gigantic
concentrations of fluoride and arsenic in some parts of Tanzania. High flouride concentration
is a significant water quality problem in the Great Rift Valley, particularly in Arusha (10
mg/l), Shinyanga (2.9 mg/l) and Singida (1.8 mg/l) region (Shedafa and Johnston, 2013;
Mjengera et al. 2003). About 90% of the population living along the Great Rift Valley are
affected by dental or skeletal fluorosis and bone crippling because of drinking water with
high levels of fluoride concentration (Smedley et al. 2002).
The adverse health effects of skin disorder and cancer due to an elevated arsenic
concentration were recently reported around the North Mara gold and Geita mining area in the
Lake Victoria Basin. About 30% of the water sources used for drinking in the country exceed
the maximum acceptable WHO limit of 1.5 mg/l fluoride and 0.01 mg/l arsenic. There is
scarcity of information and understanding of the fate and mobility of geogenic contaminants
in the ground water aquifers and surface water supply sources. This information is crucial in
exploring sources of safe drinking water aquifers, associated human health risks of arsenic
and fluoride pollution and scaling-up innovative technologies for water purification and
policy strategies to overcome the problem. In some communities there is no reliable source of
low-fluoride and arsenic water and people exposed to the high levels of fluoride may not
realize the effects it has on their daily lives.
Arsenic is a very toxic substance. Looking back at the history of WHO`s recommendations
for maximum permissible levels, a gradual lowering of maximum allowable Arsenic
concentration in drinking water can be observed since 1958, when maximum Arsenic
concentration of 200 µg/L was suggested, till 1993, when the guidelines for Drinking water
Quality (GDWQ) recommended 10 µg/L in a provisional definition. The legislative drop in
the maximum permissible Arsenic concentration in drinking water depends upon
technological developments in two principle areas; 1) measurement and quantification and 2)
removal processes.
In the past decade (after 1993), marked developments in both these areas have been made
which strongly indicate that another revision in drinking water Arsenic guidelines by WHO in
near future may be expected, which will of course affect the world-wide Arsenic standards.
The WHO has a general rule that no substance may have a higher life time risk of more than 1
in 100,000. However, several studies on toxicity of Arsenic suggest that purely based on
health effects the drinking water arsenic limit of 10 μg/L may not be sufficient.Thus, today
there exists a general consensus that, if possible, it is necessary to remove Arsenic as far as
possible, not only for the safety of human health from the toxicity of Arsenic, but also for
avoiding future non-compliance issues.The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA,
1998) and the US Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC, 2000) has already
recommended Arsenic guidelines below 1 μg/L to attain an acceptable lifetime cancer risk.
Therefore, in this study achieving residual Arsenic concentrations of lower than 1 µg/L was
set as a target to be within the expected future lowering of drinking water Arsenic standard.
In order to provide safe drinking water supplies, there have been limited defluoridation
attempts during the past decades. The current treatment technology employed in northern
Tanzania is based on household and community scale filter units. The units use bone char for
sorption of fluoride. While this technology reduces the fluoride, it cannot produce water that
complies with the WHO guideline values,especially due to colouration and smell. There is
also the problem of preparation of the bones, collection of sustainable quantities and some
religious beliefs. Alternative promising adsorbent materials investigated at UDSM, constist of
Development of affordable adsorbent systems for geogenic contaminant removal (2015-2020)
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a combination of calcined gypsum, bauxite, and magnesite which are naturally available in
Tanzania. Other pollutants such as colour and organics will be removed using the membrane
technology.
There is little information and knowledge on the fate and distribution of geochemical
contaminants in the drinking groundwater supplies sources and human health impacts in
Tanzania.
This project gives emphasis on generating local knowledge through specialised training of
staff and students from Department of Water Resources Engineering (WRE-UDSM) at PhD
level. The graduating staff will immediately join the faculty and increase the teaching and
research capability of UDSM. They will be exposed and understand how to realize a problem,
which data and tools are required for possible mitigation measures. The program also
envisages enhancing analytical capabilities through improved laboratory infrastructure to deal
with water quality problems towards affordable and innovative treatment systems for
inclusive development and human health in Tanzania. This initiative is crucial for developing
innovative technologies and transfer of knowledge and best practices, for controlling arsenic
and flouride pollution, from university laboratories to the local users and companies. The
long-term target of this project is to accelerate and advance science, technology and
innovation (STI) through strengthening research collaboration between Department of
Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering (SEED-KTH) and WRE-
UDSM for sustainable socio-economic growth and policy decision supporting system.
2. Background
2.1. The context of the programme in relation to the university concept paper
This research and training programme is proposed according to the UDSM demand of
strengthening human resource capacity and developing new affordable innovative systems for
pollutants (e.g. Arsenic and Fluoride) removal in the natural drinking water sources. It
responds to Item 5.1.5 Research and human resource capacity development in Natural
Resources (Wildlife, Forestry, Water, Mineral and Materials) and Tourism of the UDSM
concept note.This theme is important to Tanzania Development Vision (TDV 2025) and Big
Results Now (BRN) and teh Millenium Development goals (MDG) initiatives as it removes
the constraint of human access to adequate water of good quality and quantity. The present
programme is geared towards training four PhD and six Master Students in the field of water
resources engineering - biogeochemical analysis and modelling through developing
affordable technologies which can reduce the vulnerability of toxic elements (e.g. arsenic and
fluoride) in the drinking water sources.
The implementation of this programme will be administered in a joint collaborative
partnership by interdisciplinary research teams from the departments of Water Resources
Engineering (WRE-UDSM) and Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and
Engineering (SEED-KTH) in Sweden. Such approach is crucial to facilitate valuable scientific
research, exchange of expertise and specialised supervision to the trained PhD and Master
students and improve our understanding on the affordable techniques for arsenic and flouride
removal in the drinking water supply. The project organization also aspires to work closely
with private companies and local stakeholders such as Arusha Urban Water Supply Authority
(AUWSA) and Ngurdoto Defluoridation Research Station (NDRS) which is a joint
Defluoridation laboratory beteen UDSM and the ministry of Water. A pilot water
defluoridation plant will be constructed and tested at one of the boreholes with excess fluoride
under the Arusha Urban Water Supply and Sewerage Authority (AUWSA). This will also
involve a pilot plant for preparation (crushing, sieving and calcinations) of adsorbents from
locally available adsorbents raw materials (gypsum, bauxite and magnesite). AUWSA is
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interested in this project as will provide possible solutions to alleviate the problem of potable
water supply to Arusha city using a range of adsorbents developed earlier at UDSM.
In Lake Victoria Basin, hand dug boreholes and water streams will be selected around the
mining areas at Geita and Mara regions to monitor arsenic mobilisation in soil sediment,
water, shallow and deep aquifers and evaluate the possible hydrogeological factors and
sorption performances of adsorbents at different redox conditions. The sorption modelling and
optimizing performance of adsorbents will be carried out to explain the behavior and
transport of the arsenic in the streams and groundwater aquifers.
The long term plan of this programme deems to establish a taught PhD programme course in
the field of hydrology and biogeochemical modelling at WRE - UDSM and develop a Water
Research Centre at College of Engineering and Technology (CoET) by 2017.
2.1.1 The problem that is to be addressed by the research training / research
strengthening program
There is a lack of capacity in Tanzanian univiersities with regards to assessment of
distribution and impactof geogenic contaminants (arsenic and fluoride) in the drinking water
sources. Likewise, there is a great need to develop local capacity which can understand and
tackle the problems of elevated concentration of arsenic and fluoride in the drinking supply
system.
Field studies carried out by UDSM staff in Arusha region observed surface water samples
which reached Fluoride concentration values as high as 1113 mg/L which exceeds the WHO
guidelines by a factor of 1000. The pH of this naturally occurring water was also high (>8.5)
and the total dissolved organic carbon (TOC) concentration in some of the waters was also
very high (> 100mg/L) and some of the surface water was brackish. The combination of the
above mentioned pollutants makes the water extremely difficult to treat with conventional
methods. The co-existence of high organic matter in high fluoride rich water significantly
compromises the sorbent capacity of typical sorbents used to remove fluoride.
Studies carried out at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) (Hamisi et al.2014) on
modelling the sorption performances of reactive filter materials for recovery of nutrients and
that from University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM) (Mtalo et al., 2007) have indicated promising
method for removal of fluoride from water based on the application of potentially cheap
locally available adsorbents such as, calcined bone char, bauxite, gypsum and magnesite at
laboratory scale. In terms of practical applications, however, only cow bone char is being
tried to a small extent to remove fluoride from water for local communities in the Arumeru
district Tanzania as managed by the NgurdotoDefluoridation Research Station (NDRS). On
the other hand, there has been few studies about the arsenic issues.
Randomly collected samples from drinking water sources were analysed for arsenic, among
others. Arsenic was detected in 58% of water sources surveyed and 41% of them had Arsenic
levels equal to/ or exceeding the Tanzania Drinking Water Quality Standards threshold value
of 1 ppm. A new report published by the Norwegian University of Life Sciences finds
potentially life-threatening levels of arsenic around the gold mining areas around Mara in
Tanzania. [http://www.miningwatch.ca/sites/miningwatch.ca/files/FinalTanzania.pdf.].
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The access of safe drinking water is a pre-requisite to human health and sustainable social and
economic development. In Tanzania, only 57% in the rural communities and 86% in the urban
areas have access to improved drinking water services. However, there are a number of
outstanding challenges which limit access of safe potable water, especially in the large cities,
rift valley and mining areas. These challenges include inadequate knowledge of fate and
mobility of geogenic contaminants, uncontrolled release of pollutants from the pit latrines in
periurban areas, climate change, inadequate supporting policy and lack of innovative
technologies and infrastructure to deal with water quality problems. Groundwater in the Rift
Valley, which extends from Jordan Valley down through to Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya
and Tanzania, is reported to have high levels of Fluoride, which often exceed the local
regulatory limits and the WHO guidelines, and therefore limit the access to safe drinking
water.
Figure 2. Map of Tanzania's geology setting
Figure 1. Health impacts of elevated fluoride concentrations in groundwater a) concentration between 4-10 mg/L cause skeletal fluorosis: bone malformation; b) concentration >10 mg/L leading to crippling fluorosis, bone junctions growing together, immobility; c) concentration between 1.5-3.0 mg/L can cause dental fluorosis: Browning and mottling of teeth; d) skin disorder and birth effect is one of the health effects caused by elevated arsenic concentration in the mining areas.
d
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Generally, arsenic and fluorine are a naturally occurring toxic elements which impact human
and ecosystem health (Bundschuh et al., 2004; Bhattacharya et al., 2006; Aullon et al., 2012).
In Tanzania, elevated concentrations of arsenic is prominent around the Lake Victoria Basin,
especially in the mining area where several cases of skin cancer, respiratory and
gastrointestinal problems have been reported (Fig.1d). Such excessive contamination of
arsenic in the drinking water sources has also magnified occurrences of water related conflicts
between the mine investors and surrounding local communities. Fluoride is by far the most
severe and widespread water quality problem in the regions along the Great Rift Valley in the
northern and south-western Tanzania (Bardercki, 1974; Nanyaro et al., 1984). The elevated
concentrations of fluoride have caused several health effects such as dental, crippling and
skeletal fluorosis. The combination of the above mentioned pollutants makes water extremely
difficult to treat with conventional methods.
Systematic water quality data is extremely important for the assessment of risks for human
health and developing appropriate and affordable technologies for drinking water treatment.
and long-term decision making policy against water quality management and protection. This
proposal for research training partnership envisages to built research capacity to understand
the underpinning mechanisms for the water quality problems related to the contaminants from
geogenic and anthropogenic sources and to develop appropriate innovative tools for
evaluation and assessment of the risks related to the drinking water quality in the rift valley
groundwaters. The specific objectives of this project are to investigate the sorption
performances of a number of adsorbents used for removal of fluoride and arsenic in the
drinking water treatment facilities. The hydrological and geochemical factors and mechanisms
controlling fate and mobilisation of aqueous arsenic and fluoride in the drinking water sources
beyond the broad range of redox potential hypotheses will also be investigated in field. Such
investigations will be linked with the assessment of the health impact due to enrichment of
arsenic and fluoride in the groundwater. Understanding the spatial distribution of these
geogenic pollutants and the geochemical factors leading to the mobilisation of the pollutants
from the aquifer matrices in groundwater water systems are crucial for developing affordable
adsorbent systems to treat fluoride and arsenic for drinking water supplies. PhD students
involved as part of research capacity building will be actively involved .in the investigation
on developing and optimizing the adsorption processes and the transfer the results of
laboratory scale studies to the design of pilot scale defluoridation unit. A pilot plant will be
used for investigation and optimisation of the use of low-cost affordable adsorbents to remove
fluoride and arsenic from drinking waters sources in Arusha city in a collaboration between
UDSM and KTH.
Overall, the results obtained in this pilot plant study will alleviate the problem of safe
drinking water availability to communities of Arusha, as well as all other areas where
excessive fluoride is rampant and also contribute to extend the scientific knowledge on
adsorption processes for water treatment. There is a high probability of an Intellectual
Property advancement which will be handled according to the signed MoA and later
commercialization of the same by local entrepreneurs. The project organization also aspires to
work closely with private companies and local stakeholders such as Arusha Urban Water
Supply Authority (AUWSA) and Ngurdoto Defluoridation Research Station (NDRS).
2.2 The scientific issues involved, and basis for the layout of the training programme for
the problem that is to be addressed by the research training and /or research supporting
component.
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Provision of good water quality and quantity is the key indicator for human health, improving
livelihood standards, socio-economic and agricultural development. In Tanzania, just to
mention a few factors, the access to clean water supply and sanitation services are challenged
by dilapidated infrastructure in the urban areas, pollution from geochemical composition
processes, anthropogenic activities, climate change, inadequate policy and affordable
technology for water treatment and water protection. About 86% of residents in regional
towns and 57 % in the rural communities have access to clean drinking water.
The surface and groundwater pollution is primarily influenced by mineralization and
dissolution within the aquifer matrix, evaporation and anthropogenic processes (Fass et al.
2007).The investigation made by Norwegian University of Life Science in the vicinity of
North Mara Gold Mine in the Lake Victoria Basin has recently found excessive level of
arsenic concentration between 111µg/l to 1142 µg/l (Almås and Manoko, 2012) and the area
used for cattle grazing contained 40 times higher, the current WHO guideline for safe
drinking water of 10 µg/l. The anthropogenic activities like large scale mining, smelting of
arsenic bearing minerals and phosphate detergents made with arsenic bearing rock phosphate
may locally elevate the arsenic concentration in the drinking water sources. The geochemical
processes controlling groundwater mineralization need a special investigation and evaluation
in order to understand the problem of arsenic and fluoride pollution. Mapping the spatial
distribution the pollutants would help to identify the safe sources of groundwater for drinking
water supplies and help to provide guidelines for effective management to protect these
sources.
The most common sources of arsenic bearing minerals are arsenopyrite (FeAsS), cobaltite
(CoAsS), realgar (As4S4) and tennantite (Cu12As4S13). Human activities such as mining,
smelting of arsenic bearing minerals and burning of fossil fuels (coal) may locally elevate the
arsenic concentration in the drinking water sources. The toxic and mobility of arsenic in the
groundwater sources is influenced by redox potential, pH and the presence of adsorbents such
as oxides, hydroxides of clay minerals and humic substances (Robinson et al., 2012). On a
large-scale, arsenic concentration in the groundwater is mainly found in strong reducing
aquifers or in closed basins with excessive evaporation, especially in the arid and semi-arid
regions. The greenstone belt east of Lake Victoria Basin, characterized by Nyanzian volcanic
rocks, containing gold mineral holds as the major source of arsenopyrite and sulfides
(Geosurvey, 1981, Bowell et al. 1995).The mobilisation and immobilisation of arsenic and
fluoride is potentially controlled by redox processes which may occur in the groundwater
aquifers.
Various studies have assessed the availability of safe groundwater for domestic, industrial and
agricultural development (Kashaigili, 2010;Almås and Manoko, 2012). However, not much
has been done on investigating the effects of arsenic and fluoride in the soil, sediment, surface
water and groundwater aquifers with regards to the variation of hydrological conditions or
geochemical factors (e.g. evaporite dissolution, cation exchange and carbonate weathering)
and redox potential. On the other hand, there has been virtually no study on technology for
arsenic removal using local adsorbent media.
In order to respond to the UDSM concept note (2015 - 2020) and Tanzania Development
Vision 2025, Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) deemed to play a special role in
improving water quality and living standard and contribute to better water management and
water quality protection without impairing positive health effects. Characterization of the
drinking water supplies and more specifically the trace element contaminants in the rift valley
settings and mining area are typically important for national and regional poverty alleviation.
The overall research training programme encompasses five main technical research issues:
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Investigate the geochemical factors controlling the mobilisation, distribution and
mechanisms of fluoride and arsenic release in the drinking water supply sources.
Test the sorption performances of different locally available adsorbents namely
activated alumina, magnesites, bauxites and clays as well as bone char for fluoride
and arsenic removal on a laboratory scale.
Comparative evaluation of reactivation of the used adsorbent materials from
Tanzania
Scale up the laboratory based results for field application in developing technology
for effective fluoride removal from natural waters of varying quality parameters for
fluoride and arsenic removal.
Build local research capacity by training Tanzanian PhD and Master students on a
new technology and sustainable adsorbent materials with improved adsorption
capacity and stability for usage in drinking water purification.
In lake Victoria Basin, hand dug boreholes and water streams will be selected around the
mining area at Geita and Mara region to monitor arsenic mobilisation in soil sediment, water,
shallow and deep aquifers and evaluate the possible hydrogeological factors and sorption
performances of adsorbents at different redox conditions. The sorption modelling and
optimizing performance of adsorbents will be carried out to explain the behavior and
transport of the Arsenic in the streams and groundwater aquifers.
2.2.1 Removal of Fluoride and Arsenic Using the Sorption Technology
Arsenic and flouride is currently recognised as the main pollutants of surface water and
groundwater in Tanzania. In general, the removal of fluoride from water can be achieved
through chemical reaction(sorption, precipitation) or physical separation. Sorption is
comfortable with low level concentrations and at high levels physical separation is necessary.
Studies have shown that fluoride can be adsorbed by several materials such as Zeolite
(Xingbin et al., 2010), clays (Bradsen ad Bjorvatn) Kaolinite clays (Agarwal et al., 2002),
bone char (Mtalo et al., 1993, 1997, Mjengera and Mkongo 2003, Thole et al., 2010, 2012).
The potential of using natural materials by doing some modification and controlling the
parameters such as pH and temperature is a reality in Tanzania.The existence of some natural
and easily modified adsorbents such as alumina silicates and magnesites give a potential for
cheap natural adsorbents for sorption of fluoride in water.
The water in the study area has high fluoride concentration (>5mg/L) and in some cases
strong colour thus requires more advanced technologies, that can remove the high levels of
fluoride through advanced sorption materials, ultra filtration and nano filtration.
Arsenic is mobilized due to the oxidation of sulphide minreals (e.g. arsenopyrite or pyrite)
forming solutions which are acidic in nature. Some of the dissolved iron in the solution can
precipitate to form red, orange or yellow sediments in the bottom of streams containing mine
drainage. The sulfuric acid in arsenic containing ore leachates also release other a number of
other heavy metals from the waste ore, such as arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury, which
can have disastrous health effects, and can contaminate both air and water. Gold mining has
been linked to 96 percent of the world’s arsenic emissions. Also studies have shown that
leaking of tailing dams in mines could be major sources of higher levels of Arsenic in
sediments and water around Mara, Shinyanga, Mwanza and Geita Region (East of Lake
Victoria in Northern Tanzania) i.e. areas where gold mining is the major socio- economic
activity. In Tanzania arsenic contamination is a big problem which has resulted in
environmental pollution and leading to conflicts between the mine owners and the
Development of affordable adsorbent systems for geogenic contaminant removal (2015-2020)
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surrounding communities due to problems related to water pollution and degradation of
drinking water sources caused by mining activities.
Historically, the most common method for arsenic removal has been precipitation, for
example, coagulation with metal salts and Fe/Mn removal by aeration. However, in many
circumstances precipitative processes are reported not able to remove Arsenic to the desired
safe levels (Litter et al., 2010; Mudhoo et al., 2011). In 1993, WHO established 10 µg/L as
the new provisional guideline value for arsenic in drinking water. Many of the removal
technologies which have been developed recently have been reported capable of removing
Arsenic very effectively to trace levels in well-controlled conditions of laboratory and pilot
scale, however, there are only few technologies which have been demonstrated (implemented)
at full-scale treatment (Johnston and Heijnen, 2001; Mudhoo et al., 2011).
Most of the arsenic removal methods, either conventional or emerging, rely on a few basic
physico-chemical processes. These include oxidation/reduction, precipitation, adsorption and
ion exchange, solid/liquid separation and physical exclusion (Johnston and Heijnen, 2001;
Duarte et al., 2009). The treatment technologies can be classified accordingly as well. Almost
all of the Arsenic removal technologies possess an added benefit of removing many other
undesirable compounds from water.
Adsorption is a key process in many arsenic removal techniques and may be regarded as the
most important arsenic removal mechanism. Four principal types of adsorption have been
identified: namely, ion exchange, chemical adsorption, physical adsorption and specific
adsorption (Yang 1999; Buamah, 2008). Arsenic removal by adsorptive processes can be
accomplished in two ways, i.e., adsorptive media filtration or flow through a column of ion-
exchange resin. The effectiveness of Arsenic treatment by adsorption and ion exchange is
more likely to be affected by characterstics and contaminants other than Arsenic compared to
precipitative processes discussed in the previous section. Therefore, adsorption and ion
exchange media treatment techniques tend to be used more often when Arsenic is the only
contaminant to be treated, for relatively smaller systems, and as an auxillary process for
treating effluents from larger systems (Petrusevski et al., 2007). Different adsorptive and ion-
exchange media are discussed below.
2.2.2 Adsorptive media system
In the past, the most commonly used adsorptive media for Arsenic removal had been
Activated Alumina (AA). However, in recent years, several new granular adsorptive filter
media have been developed which have shown high effectiveness in Arsenic removal from
water (Petrusevski et al., 2007). These media can be categorized into two major groups i.e.,
metal oxide coated media and metal oxide based media. In aqueous systems the surfaces of
metal oxide adsorptive media grains get covered with hydroxyl groups. Anions such as As(V)
are then adsorbed onto metal oxide based media via a ligand exchange reaction in which
hydroxyl surface groups are replaced by the sorbing ions (Buamah et al., 2008). In the
complex adsorptive environment of media As (III), which exists as an uncharged specie in the
pH range of 6-9, may also be removed because of physical and specific adsorption
mechanisms.
Latest research regarding Arsenic removal has been more focused on the development of Fe
based/coated Arsenic adsorptive media. One such promising adsorption media is Iron Oxide
Coated Sand (IOCS) (Fig. 3-d) which has been developed by UNESCO-IHE. IOCS has
shown efficient As(III) and As(V) removal capacity during field trials in Bangladesh and at
centralized applications in Greece and Hungary (Petrusevski et al., 2007). Natural geological
materials have also demonstrated strong affinity for both As(III) and As(V) (Bundschuh et al.,
2011). Pretreatment of the zeolite with copper has shown to enhance Arsenic adsorption
Development of affordable adsorbent systems for geogenic contaminant removal (2015-2020)
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capacity of the zeolite (Beamguard, 2006). Naturally occurring glauconitic sand after being
treated with KMnO4 (known as green sand) (Fig. 3-c) can also remove Arsenic from water.
The principle behind the Arsenic removal by green sand is multi-faceted, including oxidation,
ion exchange and adsorption (USEPA, 2000). Some other commercial adsorptive media
include Aquamandix (Figure 3-a) Aqua-Bind MP, ArsenX, Bayoxide E33 ferric oxide, GFH,
MEDIA G2 etc.
Fig.3: Different types of adsorptive media. a) Aquamandix b) IOCS c) Manganese greensand
d) A stone of iron ore which can be crushed and pulverized (Buamah, 2009).
2.2.3 Ion exchange resins
For Arsenic removal from water synthetic anion exchange resins are proven to be very
effective. According to USEPA (2000) a consistent removal to below 3 µg/L can be achieved
by anion exchange technology. Conventional sulphate and nitrate selective resins are well
suited for As(V) removal (Johnston and Heijnen, 2001). The removal through an ion-
exchange resin involves short-range forces which occur within the porous lattice of resin
grains which contain a fixed charge. The electrostatic attachment of ionic species to sites of
opposite charge at the surface of an ion exchange media grain occurs with a subsequent
displacement of these species by other ionic adsorbates of greater electrostatic affinity. The
ion exchange treatment procedure includes continuous passage of feed water through a
packed bed of ion exchange resin beads until the resin is exhausted. At that stage, the bed is
regenerated by rinsing with a regenerant. The principle challenge with ion exchange resin
treatment is the absence of removal for As(III). This is because of the uncharged nature of
As(III). Therefore, waters containing As(III) typically require a pre-oxidation step before
contact with ion exchange resin bed. Another problem in this treatment is the potential
interference from other anions. If the feed water contains sulphates, nitrates, chloride or other
anions, the As removal may be significantly reduced (Johnston and Heijnen, 2001). Some
commercially available ion exchange resins include Dowex 11, Ionac ASB-2 and Dowex
SBR-1 (USEPA, 2000).
2.3.The relevance of the research area and demand of expertise in the chosen field for
the country’s development challenges, within the public sector as well as the private and
within civil society organisations
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The problem of fluoride removal from groundwater in Arusha is very timely. The AUWSA
has drilled several boreholes to increase the water supply in Arusha city but with limited
success, since the water was found to have excessive fluoride concentrations. The problem of
water supply to urban and rural areas in Tanzania is one of the great challenges for the
Tanzanian government. It is one of the key priorities and milestones have been set for Vision
2025, as well as the MDGs. To achieve accelerated implementation, the government has put
water supply as one of the Big Results Now (BRN) a programme which is prioritized in funds
allocation and implementation. Having clean and safe sources of drinking water supply will
enhance success in the BRN programme. Technical knowhow and knowledge is vital in
removing the excess fluoride and arsenic from drinking water and reduce the adverse health
impacts. The population has to be sensitised on the problem and mitigation measures have to
be made affordable and reachable to the water end-users. PhD and Masters students, will be
involved as part of capacity building for research and innovation for developing and
optimizing the adsorptive process from a laboratory scale and up-scaling of these results for
pilot-scale application and finally transfer the results to design full scale defluoridation units.
The project organisation will involve a close co-operation between UDSM, KTH, AUWSA
and NDRS members. The pilot study will be mainly carried out around Arusha using a range
of adsorbent materials and formulation results developed earlier at UDSM.
2.4.The approach chosen to build capacity:
The University for Dar esSalaam and KTH will register 4 PhD and 6 Masters students from
among University young staff. They will be selcted on a competitive basis. The registered
students with their supervising staff will also attend some training in Stockholm as part of a
sandwich programme. Training on Research methods and Grant writing skills will be
absorbed at KTH-Stockholm during the visits. It is also envisaged that some laboratory
technical staff will be trained (short course) in Stockholm or elsewhere on how to run,
maintain and operate some of the new analytical equipment to be acquired. To make the
programme sustainable the UDSM will also establish a taught PhD programme which will
register also students from other universities and institutions such as the ministry of Water,
NEMC and COSTECH to enhance the research capacity in the country.
The overall approach of the program is to train postgraduate students through result based
research practice. Generate skilled and experienced personnel to implement a WRE - UDSM
administered inter-department Ph.D. program following the conclusion of this 5 year
program. The aim is to work in close collaboration between different projects in the Sida
program and other counterparts to develop a multidisciplinary Ph.D. program in Hydrology
and. biogeochemical modelling. for Tanzanian academic institutions. The sum of efforts
should allow us to build a strong and sustainable research and training program to answer the
numerous environmental demands from Tanzanian society. All of this is only possible with a
multidisciplinary approach enabled by coordinated work between the WRE-UDSM, Arusha
Water and Sewerage Authority in Tanzania and the SEED-KTH, in Sweden.
Currently available information about quality of drinking water resources in Tanzania is
insufficient and not organized. A number of previous studies have identified major
contaminated areas by different pollution sources including natural, mining, industrial and
domestic contaminant sources.
This programme will therefore involve monitoring and sampling sites with elevated Fluoride
or Arsenic in drinking water. The study area will be close to Arusha city, and the Rift Valley
regions.
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In addition the project is planning to start a short training and awareness creation about
various aspects of ingestion of the polluted water.
Research training of PhD and MSc students will be accomplished through a number of
complementing parts: taught courses and through supervision, mentorship,
1)“training by doing research”, experimental design in the lab, setting scientific hypothesis,
formulating research questions, paper writing, grant writing, presentations at conferences,
“transferable skills courses” to help students to develop and become “independent
researchers” etc;
2) capacity development of both research students and staff working with community
drinking water sources such as NGOs, local authorities…
3) Training and awareness raising amongst people in communities affected by arsenic and
fluoride on a) health risks b) possible actions they can take to treat their water
c) purification options
d) community organisations of water users
The outputs of the research will be disseminated to local authorities and decision makers
from Government through a number of publications, policy briefs, workshops and seminars.
This will facilitate the transfer of knowledge and technology as well as a more significant and
immediate impact of our findings in the local communities. The training component, where
during the project years will strengthen the ongoing Masters programs at the UDSM by
training students in Tanzania and Sweden where they will write their dissertations and attend
some courses and for the Doctoral program, it is expected to send PhD students to the
Swedish universities (KTH) on a sandwich mode. Both components of the project, training
and research on the subject and on the problem of supplying clean water resources in
Tanzania are a national priority, in the interest of the University of Dar es salaam and the
communities as a whole.
3. Benefits and added value for the partnership between the target University and
Swedish university
In the short term (5 years) a new generation of PhD and MSc. students will be trained in the
field of drinking water quality and treatment of groundwater with elevated levels of geogenic
contaminants, which would be key to the envisaged Water Research Centre at UDSM during
the subsequent years. The necessary state of the art analytical equipment to tackle the
questions in areas described will be acquired and made available to the Tanzanian researchers.
Technical training will also be provided to the people responsible for the handling and
maintenance of the acquired equipment.
Ph.D. graduate students in the Tanzanian program, which are supported by the SIDA-WRE -
UDSM cooperation or related funding, will address the questions and problems arising from
the first 5 years of research. They will also evaluate and improve the monitoring systems
implemented during the first 5 years and complete the pilot remediation alternatives to
provide the best possible alternatives for implementation. Finally, in the long term alternative
sources of funding will be secured to ensure the sustainability of the Ph.D. program as well as
the research capabilities attained. At that time the doctoral program will be self supporting
and running with students from Tanzania and the region.
The partnership between the two universities will grow since the staff will now know each
other and their areas of research. The KTH staff will also continue taking part in the
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teaching, supervision and examining of the students in the PhD programme even when this
project has come to an end as part of the normal staff exchange.
4. Plans and expected outcome of the selected research training area of
focus/theresearch supporting component.
A timeplan for the proposed activities is evident in the logframe matrix indicating an expected
commencement and finalisation. (A full results matrix showing objectives, outcomes and
outputs are shown in Enclosure2. The total time frame for the activities to be funded under
this proposal is five years.
In order to achieve the overall goal of the program, we plan to work on the four different
objectives that complement each other with valuable information. The major task in the
program is to characterize the drinking water quality with respect to the geogenic
contaminants among which fluoride and arsenic are of paramount importance with respect to
human health outcomes. The second specific objective will be to improve our understanding
on the sorption capacities of various locally available adsorbents and the overall effects of
natural water quality to prioritize water treatment strategies. These studies will train 4 PhD
students in the field of fluoride and arsenic general occurrences and general water quality
issues. The students at Masters level (6 MSc) will be trained in the field of water quality
monitoring in relation to the drinking water quality standards. They will join the PhD students
for design of the treatment plants for optimal fluoride and arsenic removal with the aim to
expand their laboratory based knowledge to field scale applications in collaboration with the
Arusha Urban Water Supply and Sewerage Authority. All the information generated through
the research will also be disseminated to the local drinking water supply authorities.
The outcomes from this program will also enhance research capability of the students. They
will know how to assess a problem, which data to acquire, which tools to use and possible
mitigation measures. A basic scientific framework for future studies and policy changes
through interaction with local communities and authorities would also be generated. The third
specific objective will be to create and obtain the approval for a doctoral program in
hydrology and geo- sciences and strengthen the local master programs. The main tasks to
achieve this objective will be to improve the analytical capacities of the laboratories of
UDSM, in terms of equipment and staff.
5. Capacity Development Process: Brief outline of planned activities
The overall approach of the program is to train postgraduate students through result based
research practice. Generate skilled and experienced personal to implement a WRE - UDSM
administered intra-departmental Ph.D. program following the conclusion of this 5 year
programme. The KTH Royal Institute of Technology-Stockholm and University of Dar es
Salaam (UDSM) in Tanzania, will work in the project to accomplish the following five
milestones designed to address the fluoride and arsenic problem effectively.
5.1. Training
Through this program, we envisage to impart training to develop research capacity at the
Department of Water Resources Engineering at CoET, UDSM. Four PhD doctoral students,
will be registered at the Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and
Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, from UDSM in “sandwich” mode. The
overarching intended learning outcomes after the conclusion of PhD studies the PhD students
will be able to identify a environmental problem, carry out literature survey to formulate the
Development of affordable adsorbent systems for geogenic contaminant removal (2015-2020)
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key research questions, develop and test different hypotheses for solving the problem issues,
carry out field and laboratory based studies required for water quality evaluation and
experiments for water treatment, analytical skills in the laboratory and interpretation of results
and presentation in scientific articles, including production of independent original texts
(special focus on training to avoid text similarities, so called plagiarism), referencing,
communicating scientific results in scientific confereces and various stakeholders including
end-users. Anotehr important spin off of the research training outcome would be developed
skills for assessment of technology robustness and development of patents and
commercialisation for the innovations by entrepreneurs.
5.1.1 .Admissions to postgraduate studies
The recruitment of the PHD candidates will be made through public announcements in print
media and selected strictly on the basis of merits followed by the process of interview. The
selected candidates will be interviewed at the UDSM by a selection committee involving
UDSM Admissions office, the principal investigator and the Swedish counterparts. KTH
Royal Institute of Technology adopts a process of postgraduate admissions based on the
stringent requirements based on the basic qualifications required for admissions to post
graduate programs. The recommendation of the selection committee at UDSM will be further
scrutinized by the Board of Research Studies at the School of Architecture and Built
Environment, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden. As a requirement,
each PhD candidate need to establish an Individual Study Plan which has to be designed in
consultation with the PhD advisers and approved by the Director of Research Studies at the
SEED-KTH and the School of Architecture and Built Environmnent.
51.2 .PhD Degree Requirements
Postgraduate studies leading to the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Division of Land
and Water Resources Engineering, School of Architecture and Built Environment, KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, comprises 240 ECTS (European Credit Transfer System), out
of which 60 ECTS is assigned to course work including mandatory course on Theory of
Science and Research Methods. The remaining 180 ECTS for the dissertation work includes
writing a minimum of four manuscripts for publication in peer-reviewed journals and thesis.
5.1.3 Evaluation and Assessment
As a part of the research progress, the students are required to appear for three mandatory
seminars. The First PhD Seminar where the student presents the research topic and the
background of research and the state of the art, the research questions and the preliminary
progress. The Mid-term Seminar which is mainly intended to assess the progress of research
and future work, and Final PhD Seminar prior to the Public Defense. The PhD thesis defenses
are announced on the official KTH Calendar on the web, a minimum of 6 weeks ahead of the
actual date of the Pubic Defense.
The PhD dissertation is critically evaluated by the Faculty at the School of Architecture and
Built Environment for Quality Assurance. Upon the approval of the quality assurance, a panel
is constituted by the School of Architecture and Built Environment, which comprises a
Faculty Opponent (external professor and a renowned scientist in the subject area), a board of
three external examiners comprising of professors and/or Associate Professors in the relevant
study area for the public defense of the doctoral dissertation.
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The Public defense includes a short presentation, where the scholar presents the summary of
the research. This is followed by a detailed discussion on the various aspects of the study by
the Faculty Opponent and examination of the candidate by the three examiners and later by
the public. Upon conclusion of the formal public part of the defense, meeting of the
examination board is held close-door to take a decision on the award of the PhD degree.
5.1.4 Depository of PhD Thesis
As a part of the dissemination, the thesis is distributed to all the universities and institutions
within Sweden and among the experts in the relevant study area throughout the world at least
3 weeks prior to the announced public defense.
The digital copy of doctoral dissertation is also sent to the KTH publication database, which is
a part of the national portal Academic Archive Online (DiVA), where the PhD dissertation
and the published articles at KTH are available online. Apart from the thesis being available
in DiVA, they are also accessible using other online search tools, such as Scirus, Google and
SwePub.
5.1.5 PhD Degree Certificate
Following the successful completion of the evaluation process and announcements of the
award of PhD, the academic department at KTH issues a PhD Degree Certificate certifying to
the effect that the Degree been awarded in accordance with the regulations.
5.2. PhD Study Topics aligned with specific objectives of the program
The PhD Study Topics of the four PhD students under this program will focus on four
research areas aligned with specific objectives (1-4) of the program as follows:.
5.2.1 Specifific objective 1: The drinking water quality and occurrence of fluoride and
arsenic in the Rift Valley drinking water wells and associated health effects analysed
1 PhD and 2 MSc. Training)
Critical review of data currently available on fluoride and arsenic in Tanzania
with a focus on water matrix compounds such as total dissolved solids, pH and
natural organic matter
Hydrogeological investigation, groundwater sampling and analyses for
establishing hydrogeochemical processes controlling the water quality,
mineralisation- dissolution and seasonal variations of concentration of the
major and trace elements
Evaluation of current treatment technologies suitable for Tanzania
Appropriateness of the available technologies for the rural population (costs,
maintenance, robustness etc)
5.2.2 Specific objective 2: Fluoride sorption performances of different locally available
adsorbents namely activated alumina, Fe-oxides, magnesite, bauxite and clays as
well as bone char for fluoride removal on a laboratory scale tested (1 PhD and 1
MSc Training)
Sorption of fluoride (at concentration levels up to 1 g/L) using a number of
adsorbents as a baseline of technical feasibility.
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Investigate the impact of water quality parameters including salinity, pH,
dissolved organic matter (DOM) and competing ions on fluoride removal by
the above processes.
Determine fluoride sorption kinetics with local sorbents such as activated
alumina, magnesites, bauxites and clays as well as bone char for removal of
fluoride
Develop of an appropriate technique for regeneration of the adsorptive media
and/or system for disposal of arsenic enriched hazardous wastes
5.2.3Specific Objective 3: Arsenic sorption performances of different locally available
adsorbents namely activated alumina, Fe-oxides, magnesite, bauxite and clays as
well as bone char for arsenic removal on a laboratory scale evaluated (1 PhD and 1
MSc Training)
Sorption of arsenic (at concentration levels up to 100 µg/L) using a number of
adsorbents as a baseline of technical feasibility.
Investigate the impact of water quality parameters including salinity, pH,
dissolved organic matter (DOM) and competing ions on arsenic removal by the
above processes.
Determine fluoride sorption kinetics with local sorbents such as activated
alumina, magnesites, bauxites and clays as well as bone char for removal of
fluoride
Development of an appropriate technique for regeneration of the adsorptive
media and/or system for disposal of arsenic enriched hazardous wastes
5.2.4Specific Objective 4: Field application for developed technology for effective removal
of fluoride and arsenic from natural waters of varying quality parameters for
fluoride and arsenic removal (1 PhD and 2 MSc Training)
The specific training to fulfil the intended outcomes of this objective integrates the overall
outcomes of the three objectives and the research would focus on applications to target
the objectives as listed below:
Selection and characterisation of local materials that can act as adsobents at
field scale identified and applied for removal
Develop pilot scale application of systems for removal of Fluoride and arsenic
in real time settings
Monitor the hydrogeochemical changes of NOM, pH, and TDS on the
boreholes and streams and optimize the removal technology
Develop a numerical model to describe the sorption mechanisms and predict
the sorption efficacy of the adsorbent media considering the influence of
hydraulic change, hydrology and geochemical compositions of the adsorbent
media and water quality parameters (pH, dissolved organic matter and
competing ions) for fluoride and arsenic removal
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Senstivity analysis of effect of pH, and other anions (nitrate, sulphate,
bicarbonate) and residence time on removal of fluoride and arsenic in pilot
plant applications
Develop decision support system for selecting and design an effective
performing sorbent media for fluoride and arsenic removal in the treatment
processes.
5.2.5 Specific Objective 5: Establishment of the PhD Program in Hydrology and
Biogeochemical modelling
The process for developing a PhD program on Hydrology and Biogeochemical Modelling at
WRE-CoET, UDSM is an independent objective contributing to the development of future
research capacity and PhD curriculum localy at the WRE-UDSM and would include the
following steps:
Development of a baseline review document based on the review of the
existing Programs in other disciplines at UDSM, Universities in Sweden (KTH
and others) and globally available through web sources and their learning
outcomes and meeting with the Swedish collaborators with this program
Discussion forum for personal communications though academic networks,
questionnaire to stakeholders and future employers of the postgraduates
Preparation of a draft program identifying the various specialisations in the
field of Hydrology, Biogeochemistry and modelling applications and establish
learning outcomes
Submission of the final curriculum to UDSM Senate and the Tanzanian
Commission of Universities (TCU) for final approval following UDSM and
TCU regulations. Available guidelines for the course contents through lessons
learnt from the Swedish Cooperation will be a guideline.
Launch of the new PhD Program and advertisement through UDSM Website,
and local media for student recruitments
Admissions in the new program for the academic session 2016-17.
5.2.The research environment
The envisaged research study area will be the northern Tanzania and around the gold mining
areas of lake Victoria. Some analysis will be carried out in situ and samples will be analysed
in the laboratories at UDSM and NDRS where the new equipment will be installed. Since the
PhD students will be full time research students, they will have enough time to travel for
sampling and administer questionnaires where necessary. Some analysis may be carried out in
Sweden where necessary. The supervising staff members have enough experience in the areas
of study for the students to carry out the targeted research where Intellectual property may be
registered.
5.3.The available and required infrastructure
The UDSM laboratories have staff and space to facilitate physical-chemical analysis of waer
samples. study. Some new equipment is expected to be procured under this programme.(see
the budget justificaion). However, interdepartmental laboratory facility availability is also
Development of affordable adsorbent systems for geogenic contaminant removal (2015-2020)
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possible and the university encourages staff and students to use any equipment available in
the university irrespective of the hosting department. For minimizing the travel costs we have
proposed purchase of a vehicle for travel for the field work which will be added on to the pool
of research vehicles at UDSM after the end of the program. This will also render smooth field
operations for sampling in remote and out of reach areas. NDRS laboratory in Arusha has
some basic facility for preparing the adsorbents albeit at a small scale. It is expected that the
large scale calcination and grinding equipment will be installed there. The technicians at
NDRS and the UDSM laboratories will form a good team of supporting staff for both the
researchers and the students. However some outsourcing of labour may be necessary during
the field studies and this has been budgeted for.
5.3.1.Explain how expensive equipment1is handled and outline maintenance and
insurance policies available. Explain how such resources are planned to be sustainable,
adequately and efficiently used (i.e. shared with other researchers or provision as
external service etc.)
This study is not expecting to procure expensive sensitive equipment. However, equipment
such as ICP-OES and TOC analyser will be maintained by the regional supplier agents in
Dar es Salaam or from the region. Small routine maintenance activities will be carried out by
the UDSM operators who will be trained locally or abroad by the suppliers.
To ensure sustainability, we have requested the UDSM Director of Research to create a data
base for all available research equipment and their location as well as rates for use so that any
researcher can use and pay for the service. This may also attract users from other universities
in teh country and the region. Funds so accrued will be used for maintenance and purchase of
consumables.
5.3.2.Indicate how the handling of equipment falls in line with the university regulations
The university encourages inter departmental use of equipment and facilities. The concept has
also been applied for example in the transport policy where all research vehicles are pooled
for any university staff and students researchers to hire. The funds so obtained have been
used to maintain and purchase new vehicles and the system seems to function well.
5.4.Academic networks available
The Department of Water Resources Engineering at UDSM is an active member of several
regional academic networks. For example we subscribe to the WATERNET, a network of
East and Southern Africa research and training institutions dealing with water resources
management. The network deals with training and research at postgraduate level. (Masters
and recently PhD level). The department is a member of the Nile river Basin Capacity
Building network, (NBCBN ) whose main preoccupation is collaborative research within the
countries of the Nile river basin. Staff members in the department are susbscribed in different
Institutes and Associations such as IWA, IAHR etc.
5.5.Staff mobility issues and university retention policy (if any)
The university encourages staff mobility between institutions where we have signed staff
exchange protocols. The staff from collaborating institutions can visit UDSM to lecture or
undertake a collaborative research. We therefore expect some staff members from Stockholm
to come to UDSM and vice versa for the research undertaking as well as lecturing. To ensure
that trained staff remain on post for a long time, it is a national policy to undertake a MoA to
serve your employer for a minimum number of years in this case five. Staff incentives
include promotions, housing and other msocial amenities such as health facilities etc.
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6. The planned contribution and responsibility of each of the
partners/participants/positions in the proposed research training programme.
The activities to be undertaken by each partner in this research programme are indicated in
Enclosure 3. The staff from KTH (PB) will be involved primarily in postgraduate training
supervison as principal adviser of the four PhD doctoral students, and will be supported by
RT and BB in different parts of the research outputs. The technical support and assistance will
be provided by HSH and MA will assist the doctoral students in the laboratoty. They will also
handle the visiting UDSM students when they are in KTH for the short training courses and
may be for lab analysis. The local UDSM staff (FM) will coordinate the proposed program at
the WRE, provide supervision to the doctoral and Masters students students for field research
and data collection.
7. Management
For this programme, in particular, the Office of the Deputy Vice Chancellor (Research )
(DVC-R) shall be the main implementing agency in Tanzania. The DVC(R) will be the
overseer of the programme. Administrative tasks of this project will be the responsibility
primarily of the project coordinators. UDSM shall appoint the Institutional Coordinator who
shall be responsible for the day to day execution of the programme activities. The institutional
Coordinator shall prepare institutional reports and synthesizing reports from each project
coordinator as well as financial reports to be presented at semi-annual meetings which bring
together the coordinators of the individual projects and the Director of Research and
Education attaché at the Swedish Embassy in Dar esSalaam. The semi-annual meetings shall
review the progress reports and project plans. This will increase synergy, improve oversight
as well as minimize conflict of interest and duplicity. The administration of funds to be
expended in Sweden will be handled directly by the counterparts in Sweden.
7.1.Administrative resources available
Currently, UDSM has two main offices responsible for monitoring, evaluation and
coordination of all UDSM projects and funds. The government funds and all donor funded
projects are monitored and coordinated by the office of the Director of Planning and
Finance(DPF) through project steering committees and higher level University committees,
which oversee the implementation plus consultative workshops with the respective DPs. The
progress reports of all UDSM projects are submitted to the University Council through the
Planning and Finance Committee (PFC). All research funds and research activities at UDSM
are coordinated by the Directorate of Research. The progress reports of all UDSM research
programmes/projects are submitted to the University Senate through the Senate Research
Committee. The research progresses are reported semi-annually and annually to Consultative
Workshops with the respective DPs.
Financail management is achieved by allocating an Accountant to every project. In this case
an an Accountant will be allocated to oversee and handle the finances of the Sida capacity
building and research programme.
7.2.Managementof career opportunities for participating researchers and research
students
Researchers can participate in courses and national and international conferences, the
Master and the doctoral students will have the opportunity to have a scholarship for their
studies components as well as fully covered participation in international conferences.
Successful Ph.D. candidates will be invited to participate in open competitions for available
positions at UDSM and other young universities in the country. They will also be invited to
Development of affordable adsorbent systems for geogenic contaminant removal (2015-2020)
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compete for new positions created with the proposed Ph.D. program.
7.3 Potential internal and external risks and actions for mitigation of the risks. Specific
attention should be placed on outlining the risks as regards recruitment and retention of
researchers.
Internal risks:
One of the main risks for the project is the excessive bureaucratic procedures and
coordination problems that may arise. To mitigate this problem we are proposing to
administer the funds to be spent in Sweden directly at KTH. The funds to be expended in
Tanzania will be administered by Research directorate which has been making progress in
reducing bureaucracy. Nevertheless, to avoid delays the researchers will conduct frequent
follow ups to any administrative process. Another important risk will be that current
participants will for any reason stop working in the project. To mitigate such a problem a
network of external collaborators will be created to rapidly find the expertise lost if any of the
researchers is not able or willing to continue with project until its conclusion.
During the training a whole group of students, other members of staff will also learn by
participating in the wider project, common seminars, and get trained on instruments etc in
order to sustain in-house capacity, while investing in the people that work there.
Other likely risks are that of notreceiving enough interested and qualified female applicants
to meet the 50-50 envisaged offer on gender considerations and
Admitted students not finishing on time thus requiring extension of time outside the project
duration.
External risks:
Some of the main external risks include international monetary system instability that may
influence negatively the project ability to acquire the materials budgeted. This may include
for some reasons, non release of funds on time by the donor. Other relevant risks are social
conflicts, which may prevent the normal development of the project, by preventing the
fieldwork and often work within the University. There is little we can do to mitigate such
problems other than making our planning flexible enough to adapt to changing conditions.
Another risk is that the graduating candidates not returning to their employers. This risk can
be minimised by working closely with the students wehn hthey are in sweden by informing
them what is happening at home and asking them to take interest ad participate. Sometimes if
hte families remain behind, it is a good push for the candiates to return to their home
countries.
Some effort will be allocated to integrate themes of different candidates to make all
candidates also interested in filling some blanks in each other work. Finally, reports and
publications will be requested on regular basis to minimize the effect of a drop out in the
overall project.
Unexpected initial findings and extraordinary environmental conditions pose a danger to the
normal execution of the project. To mitigate this risk two strategies will be used. The first will
be to make the research planning as flexible as possible. The second will be to search for
additional sources of funding to solve these problems if they arise.
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8. The operational issues of the research training proramme/ research
supporting component
The admitted students will register for a sandwich PhD degree mode which will be run by
both KTH and UDSM. The registration will be done at KTH. When the new PhD programme
is in place at UDSM, new students will register at UDSM and the KTH can participate by
seconding teaching and supervision staff to the courses.
8.1.Which university gives the degree?Are joint or double degrees planned?
Currently the concept of double degree is not yet practiced at UDSM. However, it is a
discussable idea which has to be endorsed by UDSM Senate when the principles of operation
are in place. This will include the minimum number of units to be offered by each university
as well and the quality assurance issues which may call for accreditation of the programme
by a renowned institution. For the time been the PhD degrees will be offered by KTH which
will be the registration institution. By the time of writing a team is working on this concept
and will advise UDSM management.
8.2.Governance
8.2.1.Admission of PGS students:
The research programme will have to identify a requirednumber of postgraduate students
required for scholarship. Admission process will follow the UDSM admission procedure.
The office of DVC-R will coordinate the information in liason with the Directorate of
Postgraduate Studies (DPGS) which will centrally advertise the scholarship positions inthe
newspapers, University Website and TV for competitive application. In order to
accommodate applicants from other universities, scholarship information will also be sent to
other universities, with indication of the number of scholarships allocated to them. The
applications will be received and processed by DPGS through Senate Postgraduate Studies
Committee in collaboration with college/school/institute/centre postgraduate studies
committee. Criteria for scholarship award will be based on academic merit; gender will be
considered. Academic progress of admitted students will be closely monitored through
regular (biannually) progress reports by DPGS in collaboration with the Quality Assurance
Bureau and reported to Programme Steering Committee’s regular meetings for further
evaluation to improve quality and speed up graduation rate.
8.3.Available procedures for quality assurance of the research training programme
The UDSM runs QAB. Its main task is therefore to constantly monitor and evaluate Quality
Assurance processes at UDSM. It is directly accountable to the university’s chief executive,
the VC, and serves as the latter Officer’s secretariat onQA matters. The pivotal role of this
organ is to determine whether or not quality standards set internally for measuring
performance in all core operational areas of the University are constantly met and updated.
The project coordinator at UDSM and the counterparts of Swedish university will be
responsible for the quality assurance of the research undertaking, thesis, publications and all
outcomes of the project. All publications will be subjected to the standard peer-review process
after being submitted to the peer-reviewed journals. The scientific quality of the information
generated will be reflected in the quality of the journal where it is published and its individual
impact in the scientific community based on the citation index in due course of time. The
Development of affordable adsorbent systems for geogenic contaminant removal (2015-2020)
25
relevance and impact on the local communities will be evaluated through interviews with the
local stakeholders, public awareness campaign workshops and interviews with the relevant
stakeholders. During their stay in at KTH, the PhD students will attend some compulsory
courses such as research methods, Communication skills etc. The quality assurance will be
according to the existing KTH regulations.
8.4.Time perspective of the partnership and sustainability plans for the programme
The tenure of this program is five years planning with a possibility for the extension to ten
years, depending on funding. Alternative sources of funding will be sourced to complete and
complement the project. Research networks working on the topic will be created in Tanzanian
institutions, and in conjunction with Swedish Universities, search for alternative local and
international funding opportunities. This includes local state research funds and other
international cooperation. Further coopeation is foreseen where swedish students may
continue viisiting tanznaia for their KTH-Minor studies for their Masters studies.
8.5.Short and long term financial strategy–resources from the target university
and other funders
During the project execution, we will also apply for other funds such as research funds from
the COSTECH coming from the government. We will continue to submit proposals to other
funders who have already worked on the theme such as the IRD and the European Union. In
the long run there will be three strategies. The first is to generate cooperation agreements
with local authorities (eg. AUWSA) and interest from communities to increase the access to
government funds and government administered funds. The second will be to generate
services for the society to generate our own resources to fund research, The last is to generate
interest in the private sector to contribute with research that may help them to reduce the
impact on the society and environment.
8.6.Monitoring and evaluation.
8.6.1.The over all university coordination office is responsible for the overall monitoring
and evaluation and subsequent reporting to Sida
Currently, UDSM has two main offices responsible for monitoring, evaluation and
coordination of all UDSM projects and funds. The government funds and all donor funded
projects are monitored and coordinated by the office of the Director of Planning and Finance
(DPF) through project steering committees and higher level University committees, which
oversee the implementation plus consultative workshops with the respective DPs. The
progress reports of all UDSM projects are submitted to the University Council through the
Planning and Finance Committee (PFC). All research funds and research activities at UDSM
are coordinated by the Directorate of Research. The progress reports of all UDSM research
programmes/projects are submitted to the University Senate through the Senate Research and
Knowledge Exchange Committee. The research progresses are reported semi-annually and
annually to Consultative Workshops with the respective DPs. The fundidng agensices ae
normally called to these meetings. The project overall coordinator at UDSM level will be
responsible for compilation of the timely narrative reports for SIDA, while the project
accountant will be responsible for the audit reports.
Development of affordable adsorbent systems for geogenic contaminant removal (2015-2020)
26
8.6.2. The individual programmes should briefly outlined
The local coordinators [ PIs ] at UDSM and KTH will be responsible for the planning and
execution of data collection and analysis, as well as training where necessary. The activities
and time schedule are summarised on the workplan and may be further elaborated depending
on the situation during implementation. The finances at UDSM will be handled through the
office of the DVC-R and the project accountant will be responsible for payments to the
students and procurements as per UDSM regulations and policies.Communication between
the researchers and their Swedish counterparts is expected to be through skype and internet
either from the LAN or modem. Both sides have installed skype. Telephone may be used
when necessary.
9. Organisation of the Personnel Welfare
The UDSM operates research flats which can be used by the visiting Swedish partners.
Medium standard hotels are also available near the UDSM. We have therefore budgeted
for this cost. Similarly, visiting UDSM staff and students can be hosted in Sweden by the
coordinator and budgets have been set aside.The coordinators will liase with the respective
offices on visa application for Swedish and Tanzanian staff when they have to travel to
either side. Health Insurance is also budget for visitors in noth countries.
10.Ethical consideration
The UDSM Ethics policy will apply. Research and Ethical clearance will be applied for where
necessary, according to the UDSM regulations.
11. References
African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Vol 6 (2) pp26-34 January 2012, 201DOI
10.5897/AJPAC 11.03,
Agrawal M., Raj K.,Shrivastava R. and Dass S. 2002. A study on fluoride
sorptionbymontmorillonite and kaolinite. Water, Air &Soil Pollution., 141(1-4): 247-261.
Åsgeir R. Almås&Mkabwa L. K. Manoko (2012) Trace Element Concentrations in Soil,
Sediments, and Waters in the Vicinity of Geita Gold Mines and North Mara Gold Mines in
Northwest Tanzania, Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal, 21:2,
135-159.
AullónAlcaine, A., Sandhi, A., Bhattacharya, P., Jacks, G., Bundschuh, J., Thunvik, R.,
Schulz, C. &Mörth, C.M. 2012. Distribution and mobility of geogenic arsenic in the
shallowaquifers of the northeast of La Pampa, Argentina. In: J.C. Ng, B.N. Noller, R.
Naidu, J. Bundschuh & P. Bhattacharya (eds.) “Understanding the Geological and Medical
Interface of Arsenic, As 2012”. CRC Press/Taylor and Francis (ISBN-13: 978-0-415-
63763-3), pp. 132-134.
Bardercki, C.J. 1974. Fluoride Probability in Tanzania waters.Maji Review 1, 55-61
Bhattacharya, P., Claesson, M., Bundschuh, J., Sracek, O., Fagerberg, J., Jacks, G., Martin,
R.A., Storniolo, A.R. &Thir, J.M. 2006.Distribution and mobility of arsenic in the Río
Dulce Alluvial aquifers in Santiago del Estero Province, Argentina. Science of the Total
Environment 358(1-3): 97-120.
Bhattacharya, P., Frisbie, S.H., Smith, E., Naidu, R., Jacks, G. & Sarkar B. 2002. Arsenic in
the Environment: A Global Perspective. In: B.Sarkar (Ed.) Handbook of Heavy Metals in
the Environment,.Marcell Dekker Inc., New York, pp. 147-215.
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Bhattacharya, P., Hasan, M.A., Sracek, O., Smith, E., Ahmed, K.M., von Brömssen, M., Huq
S.M.I, Naidu, R. 2009. Groundwater chemistry and arsenic mobilizationin the Holocene
flood plains in south-central Bangladesh. Environ. Geochem.& Health 31: 23-44.
Bhattacharyaa, P., Sracek, O., Eldvall, B., Asklund, R., Barmen, G., Jacks, G., Koku, J.,
Gustafsson, J.-E., Singh, N., Brokking Balfors, B. 2012. Hydrogeochemical study on the
contamination of water resources in a part of Tarkwa mining area, Western Ghana. J.
African Earth Sciences, 66–67: 72–84.
Bowell, R. J., Warren, A., Minjera, H. A., and Kimaro, N. 1995.Environmental-impact of
former gold mining on the Orangi River, Serengeti Np, Tanzania. Biogeochemistry 28,
131–160.
Buamah, R., Petrusevski, B. and Schippers, J.C. 2008. Adsorptive removal of manganese (II)
from the aqueous phase using iron oxide coated sand. Journal of WaterSupply: Research
and Technology – AQUA. 57:1-12
Bundschuh, J., Farias, B., Martin, R., Storniolo, A., Bhattacharya, P., Cortes, J., Bonorino, G.
&Alboury, R. 2004.Grounwater arsenic in the Chaco-Pampean Plain, Argentina: Case
study from Robles County, Santiago del Estero Province. Appl. Geochem. 19(2): 231-243.
Duarte, A.L.S., Cardoso, S.J.A. and Alçada, A.J. 2009. Emerging and innovative techniques
for arsenic removal applied to a small water supply system. Sustainability 1: 1288-1304.
Fass, T., Cook, P.G., Stieglitz, T., Herczeg, A.L. 2007.Development of salineground water
through transpiration of sea water. Ground Water 45,703–710.
Geosurvey. 1981. Geology and Mineralization of Archaean Greenstone Belt South of Lake
Victoria. Geosurvey, London.
Hamisi et al.,2014. Effectiveness of the reactive filter materials for nutrient recovery.Sweco
Report 2014. Stockholm. Sweden.
Jacks, G., Slejkovec, Z., Mörth, M. & Bhattacharya, P. (2013) Redox-cycling of arsenic along
the water pathways in sulfidicmetasediment areas in northern Sweden.Applied
Geochemistry 35: 35-43.
Johnston, R.B. and Heijnen, H. 2001. Safe water technology for arsenic removal.Technologies
for Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water. 22p.
Kashaigili, J.J. 2010.Assessment of groundwater availability and its current and potential use
and impacts in Tanzania. International Water Management Institute. Final Report.
Mjengera H, Mkongo G. 2003. Appropriate Defluorifation Technology for use in fluoritic
areas in Tanzania Physics and Chemistry of Earth 28, 1097-1104
Mtalo F. 1997. Effects of Mineralogical composition of clay as a Defluoridating media for
drinking water.UHANDISI Journal Vol. 20 Nr. 3.
Mtalo F., Abdi K.C. 1993. Media regeneration for excess Fluoride Removal East African
Journal of Engineering Vol.1 Nr.1, January 1993.
Mudhoo, A., Sharma, S. K., Garg, V. K., Tseng, C. H. 2011. Arsenic: An overview of
applications, health and environmental concerns and removal processes. Critical Reviews
in Environmental Science and Technology. 41: 435-519.
Nanyaro, J. T., Aswathanarayana, U., Mungure, J. S. and Lahermo, P. W. 1984.A
geochemical model for the abnormal fluoride concentrations in waters in parts of northern
Tanzania.J. African Earth Sci., 2, 129-140.
Ormachea Muñoz, M., Wern, H., Johnsson, F., Bhattacharya, P., Sracek, O. Thunvik, R.
Quintanilla, J. & Bundschuh, J. (2013) Geogenic arsenic and other trace elements in the
shallow hydrogeologic system of Southern Poopó Basin, Bolivian Altiplano. Journal of
Hazardous Materials 262: 924-940
Petrusivski, B., Sharma, S., Schippers, J.C. and Shordt, K. 2007.Arsenic in drinking
water.Thematic Overview Paper 17.IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre. 57p
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28
Ramos Ramos, O.E., Cáceres, L.F., Ormachea Muñoz, M.R., Bhattacharya, P., Quino, I.,
Quintanilla, J., Sracek, O., Thunvik, R., Bundschuh, J. & García, M.E. (2012) Sources and
behavior of arsenic and trace elements in groundwater and surfacewater in the Poopó Lake
Basin, Bolivian Altiplano. Environ. Earth Sciences 66: 793–807.
Robinson, C., von Brömssen, M., Bhattacharya, P., Häller, S., Bivén, A., Hossain, M., Jacks,
G., Ahmed, K.M., Hasan, M.A., Thunvik, R. 2011. Dynamics of arsenic adsorption in the
targeted arsenic-safe aquifers in Matlab, South-eastern Bangladesh: insight from
experimental studies. Applied Geochemistry 26(4):624-635.
Thole B, Mtalo F. and Masamba W.R.L .2010. Water Defluoridation with 350-500oC
Calcined Bauxite-Gypsum-Magnesite Composite (B-G-Mc) filters International Journal
of the Physical Sciences-10-668
Thole, B., Mtalo, F.W., Masamba, W.R.L. 2012.Effect of particle size on loading capacity
andwater quality in water defluoridation with 200°C calcined bauxite, gypsum, magnesite
and their composite filter. African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry; 6(2): 26-34.
Xingbin S, Chengju Xi, Zhaochao H. 2010. The Fluoride adsrption capacity and influnencing
factors Study of Zeolite. Challenges in Environmental Science and Computer Engineering
1: 358-361.
Yang, R.T. 1999.Gas Separation by Adsorption Processes.Series on Chemical
Engineering.Vol.1. Imperial College Press, London, UK.
Development of affordable adsorbent systems for geogenic contaminant removal (2015-2020)
29
12. Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and patent issues
Issues to be addressed and agreed upon yes no Common status and follow up
plans (deadline dates for when
the issues agreed upon)
Are all key members of the partnership aware
of/conversant with the IPR regulations of target
country?
Yes IPR policy at UDSM
Are all key members of the partnership aware
of/conversant with IPR related policies of the
target university/institution?
Yes
Are all key members of the partnership
awareof/conversant with IPR regulations of
Sweden?
Yes
Are all key members of the partnership aware
of/conversant with IPR related policies of the
Swedish partner university?
Yes
Has the question of ensuring the protection of
research findings and results obtained as part
of the partnership been discussed by the
partnership?
Yes Shared partnership
Has the question of coverage of costs related
to IPR activities during the lifetime of the
programme and after the end of the
programme been discussed by the partnership?
Yes Cost related issues are not included
in the application
Have the questions of background ownership
(IPR ownership prior to the current partnership)
been discussed by the partnership
Yes This issue will be discussed when
details of the program are available
Have the questions of Foreground ownership
(ie., IPR ownership as a direct consequence of the
current partnership) been discussed by the
partnership?
Yes It has been agreed that this will not
be applicable.
Has a decision been made on the policy of
dissemination of research findings and the results
that come out of the partnership?
Yes Based opn the research outcomes,
joint research publications have
been agreed upon.
Has a decision been made by the partnership on
the exploitation of results (products or services)
Yes The results will be exploited by the
other partners, in case the research
results are relevant for public health
the results will be disseminated as
soon as possible.
Is there legal assistance in the target country to
assist the partnership in IPR issues (including
potential patents)
Yes UDSM has legal cell for support for
patent applications
Is there legal assistance available at the Swedish
partner university/institution to assist the
partnership in IPR issues (including patents)
Yes Swedish partner has legal advisors
Is there a plan to develop capacity for IPR issues
within the partnership
No Continuously look for possibilities
from patent
Other IPR and patent issues not addressed above none
Development of affordable adsorbent systems for geogenic contaminant removal (2015-2020)
30
ENCLOSURE 2
Development of affordable adsorbent systems for geogenic contaminant removal (2015-2020)
31
Project number 2235
Program title: Development of affordable adsorbent systems for fluoride and arsenic removal in the drinking water sources in Tanzania (DAFWAT)
Collaborators: WRE-CoET, University of Dar es Salaam and SEED - KTH Royal Institute of Technology
Problem Statement: Access to safe drinking water is a priority goal for sustainable development. Occurrence of elevated concentration of fluoride and arsenic in the drinking water supply urces in Tanzania has caused a serious
medical problem with widespread prevalence of dental and skeletal fluorosis. Fluorosis caused by intake of drinking water with elevated fluoride and arsenic concentration has been reported from several parts of the Tanzania, especially
in the Great Rift Valley. The region around Lake Victoria is characterized by elevated arsenic concentrations and long term exposure from drinking water sources are manifested as skin cancers among the population. Studies related to
drinking water quality is extremely important for developing appropriate low cost technologies for drinking water treatment. This proposal for research training partnership envisages to built research capacity to understand the
underpinning mechanisms for the water quality problems related to the contaminants from geogenic and anthropogenic sources and to develop appropriate innovative toools for evaluation and assessment of the risks related to the
drinking water quality in the rift valley groundwaters, as well s top build capacity to design and develop water treatment technologies for pilot and full scale applications for safe drinking water suply to the affected population. Another
important spin off this research training partnership is to develop a high quality laboratory infrastructure for long term drinking water quality monitoring in Tanzania.
Specific Objective # 1: The drinking water quality and occurrence of fluoride and arsenic in the Rift Valley drinking water wells and associated health effects analysed (1 PhD and 2 MSc Training)
Outputs Outcomes Performance indicator Baseline Data source Method of collecting data
Establish network for water quality
sampling and monitoring in the
northen part of the Rift Valley
Established stations for regular
sampling and monitoring of
water samples
Piezometers and wells installed
for water quality monitoring.
Previous available data on water
quality reports etc..
Maps and Previous baseline study and
research publication
Field work and sampling campaigns over the
project period
Understanding on the spatial
variation of Flouride and Arsenic
concentrations in drinking water
from surface and groundwater
sources around the volcanic areas of
the Rift Valley.
Flouride and Arsenic distribution
are established in drinking water
sources in the selected study areas
Maps showing the geospatial
distribution of Flouride and
Arsenic concentration levels
along the streams and bore
holes
Previous available data on water
quality reports etc..
Experimental analysis of the water
quality parameters
Sampling and experimental analysis of Fluoride
and arsenic on selected streams and boreholes
Generate a database of Flouride
and Arsenic occurence in the study
area
Database of Flouride and
Arsenic concentration
Copies of database produced
in cd in a format that can be
shared by stakeholders
Previous available data on water
quality reports etc..
Maps and Previous baseline study and
corrected experimental data
Coding hydrogeochemical characteristics of the
selected streams and bore holes using
Geographical information systems
Fate and severity of Flouride and
Arsenic concentration on the selected
streams and boreh oles and mineral
balance in the drinking water sources
established
Understanding of the extent and
severity of the Fluoride and arsenic
contaminants in
the drinking boreholes acheived
Major and trace elements and
the potential water quality
parameters
Baseline reports and publication
on the groundwater and surface
water quality parameters
Previous baseline study reports and
publications
Field works and immediate insitu water and
sediments sampling campaigns for pH,
electrical conductivity temperature and Total
suspended solids (TSS)
Processes controlling factors for
groundwater mineralisation-
dissolution and seasonal variations
of concentration of the major and
trace elements
Spatial and temporal distribution
of Flouride and Arsenic
concentrations with changes of
groundwater geochemistry
processes which occurs in the
groundwater aquifers and
hydrogeological setting
Sorption efficiency,
retention time, model
calibration and groundwater
level
Modelling results and baseline
information from previous
reports and publication
Laboratory analysis, modelling results
and previous baseline reports and
publications
Field works camapigns, Laboratory analysis and
simulation Simulation of hydrogeochemical data
using hydrogeochemical codes Visual MINTEQ
and PHREEQC programs and COMSOL software
Development of affordable adsorbent systems for geogenic contaminant removal (2015-2020)
32
Modelling performances and
sensitivity of the water quality
parameters using the
hydrogeochemical codes, Visual
MINTEQ, COMSOL software,
PHREEQC programs
Modelling performances and
sensitivity of the water quality
parameters using the
hydrogeochemical codes, Visual
MINTEQ, COMSOL software,
PHREEQC programs
Modelling performances and
sensitivity of the water quality
parameters using the
hydrogeochemical codes,
Visual MINTEQ, COMSOL
software, PHREEQC
programs
Modelling performances and
sensitivity of the water quality
parameters using the
hydrogeochemical codes, Visual
MINTEQ, COMSOL software,
PHREEQC programs
Modelling performances and sensitivity of
the water quality parameters using the
hydrogeochemical codes, Visual
MINTEQ, COMSOL software,
PHREEQC programs
Modelling performances and sensitivity of the
water quality parameters using the
hydrogeochemical codes, Visual MINTEQ,
COMSOL software, PHREEQC programs
Modelled geochemical controls,
flow direction, degradation,
speciation and redox state of the
toxic elements in the groundwater
aquifers matrix and sorbed elements
on the stream sediments
Modelled geochemical controls,
flow direction, degradation,
speciation and redox state of the
toxic elements in the
groundwater aquifers matrix and
sorbed elements on the stream
sediments
Modelled geochemical
controls, flow direction,
degradation, speciation and
redox state of the toxic
elements in the groundwater
aquifers matrix and sorbed
elements on the stream
sediments
Modelled geochemical controls,
flow direction, degradation,
speciation and redox state of the
toxic elements in the groundwater
aquifers matrix and sorbed
elements on the stream sediments
Modelled geochemical controls, flow
direction, degradation, speciation and
redox state of the toxic elements in the
groundwater aquifers matrix and sorbed
elements on the stream sediments
Modelled geochemical controls, flow direction,
degradation, speciation and redox state of the
toxic elements in the groundwater aquifers matrix
and sorbed elements on the stream sediments
Awareness of pollutant
distribution, database and water
quality management
Awareness of pollutant
distribution, database and water
quality management
Awareness of pollutant
distribution, database and
water quality management
Awareness of pollutant
distribution, database and water
quality management
Awareness of pollutant distribution,
database and water quality management
Awareness of pollutant distribution, database
and water quality management
Correlate impacts of different levels
of Fluoride and arsenic
concentrations on the human health
effects
Correlate impacts of different
levels of Fluoride and arsenic
concentrations on the human
health effects
Correlate impacts of different
levels of Fluoride and arsenic
concentrations on the human
health effects
Correlate impacts of different
levels of Fluoride and arsenic
concentrations on the human
health effects
Correlate impacts of different levels of
Fluoride and arsenic concentrations on
the human health effects
Correlate impacts of different levels of
Fluoride and arsenic concentrations on the
human health effects
Specific Results on Capacity Building and Outreach of Research 1 PhD Thesis on the Extent and
severity of fluoride and arsenic
contamination in surface and
groundwater in the Rift valley in
Arusha and Lake Victoria regions
1 PhD candidate trained 1 PhD Training monitored
through Individual Study
Plan (updated each year) with
documented study progress,
Internal Quality Assurance
prior to application for PhD
Public Defense, and
Apporoval after successful
PhD Defense
Eligible Master level graduate
admitted though a competitive
recruitment process (following
public announcements through
UDSM Website and interviews)
Thesis published at university libraries PhD Thesis uploaded in DiVa in KTH Library
database and the Library at UDSM/Sida
2 MSc Dissertations on the Extent
and severity of fluoride and arsenic
contamination in surface and
groundwater in the Rift valley in
Arusha and Lake Victoria regions
2 MSc students trained at
advanced levels
2 MSc Dissertations approved
after defense
2 MSc Final year student Thesis at University libraries MSc Thesis uploaded Library at UDSM/Sida and
KTH
4 peer-reviewed publications in
International SCI Journals
At least 4 peer-reviewed
publication skills developed by
the PhD student and 1 additional
publication by the Faculties
jointly by WRE-CoET, UDSM
and SEED-KTH
Manuscripts accepted in
International SCI Journals
folllowing the standard peer-
review processes
New information The Journals, ScienceDirect and Springer
Link and other journals
Web consultation /Regular Journal Issues
Development of affordable adsorbent systems for geogenic contaminant removal (2015-2020)
33
4 peer-reviewed conference
presentations on Extent and severity
of fluoride and arsenic
contamination in surface and
groundwater in the Rift valley in
Arusha and Lake Victoria regions
At least 4 peer-reviewed
conference presentation skills
developed
Presentations accepted in peer-
reviewed conferences and
presented in International
Conferences (Oral presentations
and/or Posters)
New information Conference proceedings Web consultation /Proceedings Volume
2 Popular science reports At least 2 Popular science reports
published in local media
2 published and widely
disseminated reports
Previous reportings Reports published Document analysis
Workshops for the local
authorities or communities
Capacitised local authorities
and communities through
workshops
Number of participants with
positive interview
Previous available data on water
quality reports etc..
Post workshop interview Document analysis
Policy briefs and knowledge
dissemination
Awareness raising and
knowledge to the local
communities
Number of participants with
positive interview
Previous information on water
quality at local levels
Post workshop interview Document analysis
Development of affordable adsorbent systems for geogenic contaminant removal (2015-2020)
34
Specific Objective # 2: Sorption performances of different locally available adsorbents namely activated alumina, Fe-oxides, magnesite, bauxite and clays as well as bone char for fluoride removal with
improved sorption capacity on a laboratory scale tested (1 PhD and 1 MSc Training)
Outputs Outcomes Performance indicator Baseline Data source Method of collecting data
Review of different experimental
setting for laboratory scale
experiments fluoride removal carried
out
A schematic diagram for the
experimental set up and purchase
of required equipments and
laboratory chemicals
Schematic experimental set up
approved. Laboratory equipment
and chemicals ordered
Literature on experimental
set up of Fluoride and arsenic
removal. Laboratory
equipment catalogues,
Laboratory equpment
supplies
Journals, Catalogues,
Communications and contact
with different suppliers
Review of journals, catalogue, Requst of invoices,
communication to selected lab equipmenr and
chemical supplies
Local materials that can act as
adsobents selected and
characterised.
Field visit to identify local
available materials that can be
used as absorbant ( Pumice,
clay, bone char, bauxite, rice
husk ash, zeolites etc)
Five natural materials selected and
characterised to suite absorbent
requirements
Previous soil reports in study
area, geological map, Soil
maps, literature
Previous hydrogeological reports,
journals, field visit, Laboratory
experimental hand books
The surface and textural morphology of absorbent
matrial shall be determined by scanning electron
micrographs (SEM)), Field emission LaBb scanning
electron microscope. The physicochemical
characteristics are determined by measuring point of
zero charge, by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and by XRF
(X-ray fluorescence) analysis.
Batch experimental testing of
performance of differennt absorbents
in removal of fluoride from aqueous
solution
Hydrochemical data for
fluoride from different
absorbent experimentation
Sorption levels of fluoride
concentration in different
absorbent materials
Hydrochemical data, Absorbent
characteristics
Experimentations, Collected
water samples, Prepared
absorbents, Journals, books etc
Batch experiment shall be carried out to measure the
adsorption characteristics of Fluoride/Arsenic by the
absorbent material. A known weight of absorbent
material shall be added to a known volume of synthetic
fluoride solutions of varying concentration in the
experimental set up. After equilibrium, samples were
filtered and the filtrate will be analyzed for residual
fluoride concentration. Amount of sobbed
fluoride/Arsenic will be computed as the difference
between initial and final concentration of
fluoride/Arsenic in solution multiply by volume of
solution divide by mass of absorbent
Senstivity analysis of effect of pH,
residence time on removal of fluoride
Hydrochemical data for fluoride
from absorbant experimentation
under different PH and resident
time settings
Sorption levels of fluoride
concentration in different
absorbent materials
experimentation under different pH
and resident time settings
Literature on Kinetics,
Absorbent characteristics.
Experimentations, HCL,
Collected water samples,
Prepared absorbents, Journals,
books etc
The effect of pH shall be investigated by performing
the adsorption experiments at various pH in the range
of 4-10 adjusted by addition of diluted HCl or NaOH
solution. After adjusting pH at the required level,
effect of different contact time on Fluoride/Arsenic
concentrations at known mass of sorbent dosage will
be examined.
Senstivity analysis of competing anions
(chloride, nitrate, sulphate, bicarbonate)
on removal of fluoride from aqueous
solution performed
Hydrochemical data for fluoride
from absorbant experimentation
under different anions
concentrations
Sorption levels of fluoride
concentration in different
absorbent materials
experimentation under different
anions concentrations
Literature on anionic
influence on reaction
Kinetics, Absorbent
characteristics.
Experimentations, Collected
water samples, Prepared
absorbents, Journals, books etc
The effects of competing anions (chloride, nitrate,
sulfate, bicarbonate) on fluoride adsorption will be
investigated by performing fluoride sorption under a
fixed fluoride concentration and different anion
concentration with a fixed sorbent dosage. The initial
competing anion concentrations and sorbent dosage of
will be determined experimentally
Development of affordable adsorbent systems for geogenic contaminant removal (2015-2020)
35
Specific Results on Capacity Building and Outreach of Research
1 PhD Thesis on the sorption
performances of different locally
available adsorbents (activated alumina,
Fe-oxides, magnesite, bauxite and clays
as well as bone char) with improved
sorption capacity for fluoride removal
on a laboratory scale
1 PhD candidate trained
1 PhD Training monitored
through Individual Study Plan
(updated each year) with
documented study progress,
Internal Quality Assurance prior
to application for PhD Public
Defense, and Apporoval after
successful PhD Defense
Eligible Master level graduate
admitted though a competitive
recruitment process (following
public announcements
through UDSM Website and
interviews)
Thesis published at university
libraries
PhD Thesis uploaded in DiVa in KTH Library database
and the Library at
UDSM/Sida
1 MSc Dissertation on the sorption
performances of different locally
available adsorbents (activated
alumina, Fe-oxides, magnesite,
bauxite and clays as well as bone
char) with improved sorption
capacity for fluoride removal on a
laboratory scale
1 MSc student trained at
advanced levels
1 MSc Dissertation approved after
defense
1 MSc Final year student
Thesis at University libraries
MSc Thesis uploaded Library at UDSM/Sida and KTH
4 peer-reviewed publications in
International SCI Journals
At least 4 peer-reviewed
publication skills developed by
the PhD student and 1
additional publications by the
Faculties jointly by WRE-
CoET, UDSM and SEED-KTH
Manuscripts accepted in
International SCI Journals
folllowing the standard peer-
review processes
New information
The Journals, ScienceDirect and
Springer Link and other journals
Web consultation /Regular Journal Issues
4 peer-reviewed conference
presentations on sorption performances
of different locally available
adsorbents (activated alumina, Fe-
oxides, magnesite, bauxite and clays as
well as bone char) with improved
sorption capacity for fluoride removal
on a laboratory scale
At least 4 peer-reviewed
conference presentation skills
developed
Presentations accepted in peer-
reviewed conferences and presented
in International Conferences (Oral
presentations and/or Posters)
New information
Conference proceedings
Web consultation /Proceedings Volume
2 Popular science reports
At least 2 Popular science
reports published in local media
2 published and widely
disseminated reports
Previous reportings
Reports published
Document analysis
Workshops for the local
authorities or communities
Capacitised local
authorities and
communities through
workshops
Number of participants with
positive interview
Previous available data on water
quality reports etc..
Post workshop interview
Document analysis
Policy briefs and knowledge
dissemination at
UDSM
Awareness raising and
knowledge to the local
communities
Number of participants with
positive interview
Previous information on water
quality at local levels
Post workshop interview
Document analysis
Development of affordable adsorbent systems for geogenic contaminant removal (2015-2020)
36
Specific Objective # 3: Sorption performances of different locally available adsorbents namely activated alumina, Fe-oxides, magnesite, bauxite and clays as well as bone char for arsenic removal with
improved sorption capacity on a laboratory scale evaluated (1 PhD and 1 MSc Training)
Outputs Outcomes Performance indicator Baseline Data source Method of collecting data Review of different experimental
setting for laboratory scale experiments
for arsenic removal carried out
A schematic diagram for the
experimental set up and purchase
of required equipments and
laboratory chemicals
Schematic experimental set up
approved. Laboratory equipment
and chemicals ordered
Literature on experimental
set up of Fluoride and arsenic
removal. Laboratory
equipment catalogues,
Laboratory equpment
supplies
Journals, Catalogues,
Communications and contact with
different suppliers
Review of journals, catalogue, Requst of invoices,
communication to selected lab equipmenr and
chemical supplies
Selection and characterisation of local
materials that can act as adsobents
Field visit to identify local
available materials that can be
used as absorbant ( Pumice,
clay, bone char, bauxite, rice
husk ash, zeolites etc)
Five natural materials selected and
characterised to suite absorbent
requirements
Previous soil reports in study
area, geological map, Soil
maps, literature
Previous hydrogeological reports,
journals, field visit, Laboratory
experimental hand books
The surface and textural morphology of absorbent
matrial shall be determined by scanning electron
micrographs (SEM)), Field emission LaBb scanning
electron microscope. The physicochemical
characteristics are determined by measuring point of
zero charge, by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and by XRF
(X-ray fluorescence) analysis.
Batch experimental testing of
performance of differennt absorbents in
removal of Fluoride and arsenic from
aqueous solution
Hydrochemical data for
arsenic from different
absorbent experimentation
Sorption levels of Fluoride and
arsenic concentration in different
absorbent materials
Hydrochemical data, Absorbent
characteristics
Experimentations, Collected water
samples, Prepared absorbents,
Journals, books etc
Batch experiment shall be carried out to measure the
adsorption characteristics of Fluoride/Arsenic by the
absorbent material. A known weight of absorbent
material shall be added to a known volume of
synthetic fluoride solutions of varying concentration
in the experimental set up. After equilibrium,
samples were filtered and the filtrate will be analyzed
for residual fluoride concentration. Amount of sobbed
fluoride/Arsenic will be computed as the difference
between initial and final concentration of
fluoride/Arsenic in solution multiply by volume of
solution divide by mass of absorbent
Senstivity analysis of effect of pH,
Residence time on removal of arsenic
performed
Hydrochemical data for arsenic
from adsorption experiments
under different pH,
concentrations and residence
time
Sorbed levels of arsenic in
different absorbent materials
Literature on Kinetics,
Absorbent characteristics.
Experimentations, HCL,
Collected water samples,
Prepared absorbents, Journals,
books etc
The effect of pH shall be investigated by performing
the adsorption experiments at various pH in the
range of 4-10 adjusted by addition of diluted HCl or
NaOH solution. After adjusting pH at the required
level, effect of different contact time on
Fluoride/Arsenic concentrations at known mass of
sorbent dosage will be examined.
Senstivity analysis of competing anions
(chloride, nitrate, sulphate, bicarbonate
and phosphate) on removal of arsenic
from aqueous solution
Hydrochemical data for arsenic
from adsorption experiments
under different pH,
concentrations and residence
time
Sorbed levels of arsenic in
different absorbent materials
Literature on anionic
influence on reaction
Kinetics, Absorbent
characteristics.
Experimentations, Collected water
samples, Prepared absorbents,
Journals, books etc
The effects of competing anions (chloride, nitrate,
sulfate, bicarbonate) on fluoride adsorption will be
investigated by performing fluoride sorption under a
fixed fluoride concentration and different anion
concentration with a fixed sorbent dosage. The initial
competing anion concentrations and sorbent dosage of
will be determined experimentally
Specific Results on Capacity Building and Outreach of Research
Development of affordable adsorbent systems for geogenic contaminant removal (2015-2020)
37
1 PhD Thesis on the sorption
performances of different locally
available adsorbents (activated alumina,
Fe-oxides, magnesite, bauxite and clays
as well as bone char) with improved
sorption capacity for arsenic removal on
a laboratory scale
1 PhD candidate trained 1 PhD Training monitored
through Individual Study Plan
(updated each year) with
documented study progress,
Internal Quality Assurance prior
to application for PhD Public
Defense, and Apporoval after
successful PhD Defense
Eligible Master level graduate
admitted though a competitive
recruitment process (following
public announcements
through UDSM Website and
interviews)
Thesis published at university
libraries
PhD Thesis uploaded in DiVa in KTH Library
database and the Library at
UDSM/Sida
1 MSc Dissertation on the sorption
performances of different locally
available adsorbents (activated
alumina, Fe-oxides, magnesite, bauxite
and clays as well as bone
char) with improved sorption capacity
for arsenic removal on a laboratory scale
1 MSc student trained at
advanced levels
1 MSc Dissertation approved after
defense
1 MSc Final year student Thesis at University libraries MSc Thesis uploaded Library at UDSM/Sida and
KTH
4 peer-reviewed publications in
International SCI Journals
At least 4 peer-reviewed
publication skills developed by
the PhD student and 1
additional publications by the
Faculties jointly by WRE-
CoET, UDSM and SEED-
KTH
Manuscripts accepted in
International SCI Journals
folllowing the standard peer-
review processes
New information The Journals, ScienceDirect and
Springer Link and other journals
Web consultation /Regular Journal Issues
4 peer-reviewed conference
presentations on sorption performances
of different locally available adsorbents
(activated alumina, Fe- oxides,
magnesite, bauxite and clays as well as
bone char) with improved sorption
capacity for arsenic removal on a
laboratory scale
At least 4 peer-reviewed
conference presentation
skills developed
Presentations accepted in peer-
reviewed conferences and presented
in International Conferences (Oral
presentations and/or Posters)
New information Conference proceedings Web consultation /Proceedings Volume
2 Popular science reports At least 2 Popular science
reports published in local
media
2 published and widely
disseminated reports
Previous reportings Reports published Document analysis
Workshops for the local authorities
or communities
Capacitised local
authorities and
communities through
workshops
Number of participants with
positive interview
Previous available data on water
quality reports etc..
Post workshop interview Document analysis
Policy briefs and knowledge
dissemination at
UDSM
Awareness raising and
knowledge to the local
communities
Number of participants with
positive interview
Previous information on water
quality at local levels
Post workshop interview
Document analysis
Development of affordable adsorbent systems for geogenic contaminant removal (2015-2020)
38
Specific Objective # 4: Field application for developed technology for effective removal of fluoride and arsenic from natural waters of varying quality parameters for fluoride and arsenic removal (1 PhD
and 2 MSc Training)
Outputs Outcomes Performance indicator Baseline Data source Method of collecting data
eview of different system design for
fluoride and arsenic removal at field
scale accomplished
A schematic diagram for the
experimental set up and
purchase of required
equipments and laboratory
chemicals
Schematic experimental set up
approved. Laboratory equipment
and chemicals ordered
Literature on experimental set
up of Fluoride and arsenic
removal. Laboratory
equipment catalogues,
Laboratory equpment supplies
Journals, Catalogues,
Communications and contact
with different suppliers
Review of journals, catalogue, Requst of invoices,
communication to selected lab equipmenr and
chemical supplies
Selection and characterisation of local
materials that can act as adsobents at
field scale identified and applied for
removal
Field visit to identify local
available materials that can be
used as absorbant ( Pumice,
clay, bone char, bauxite, rice
husk ash, zeolites etc)
Five natural materials selected and
characterised to suite absorbent
requirements
Previous soil reports in study
area, geological map, Soil maps,
literature
Previous hydrogeological reports,
journals, field visit, Laboratory
experimental hand books
The surface and textural morphology of absorbent
matrial shall be determined by scanning electron
micrographs (SEM)), Field emission LaBb scanning
electron microscope. The physicochemical
characteristics are determined by measuring point of
zero charge, by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and by XRF
(X-ray fluorescence) analysis.
Pilot scale applications of systems
developed for removal of Fluoride and
arsenic from real time settings
developed
Hydrochemical data for
Fluoride and arsenic from
different absorbent
experimentation
Sorption levels of Fluoride and
arsenic concentration in different
absorbent materials
Hydrochemical data, Absorbent
characteristics
Experimentations, Collected
water samples, Prepared
absorbents, Journals, books etc
Sampling for monitoring the adsorption
characteristics of Fluoride/Arsenic by the absorbent
materials in the pilot systems. Amount of sobbed
fluoride/Arsenic will be computed as the difference
between initial and final concentration of
fluoride/Arsenic in solution multiply by volume of
solution divide by mass of absorbent
Monitor the hydrogeochemical changes
of NOM, pH, and TDS on the boreholes
and streams
Water quality parameter
distribution maps and
compliance with the Tanzania
WQ standards and regulation
(2009)
Water quality parameter distribution
maps
Previous available data on water
quality reports etc..
Maps and Previous baseline
study and research publication
Field and laboratory analysis of water samples over
the project period
Senstivity analysis of effect of pH,
residence time on removal of Fluoride
and arsenic
Hydrochemical data for
Fluoride and arsenic from
absorbant experimentation
under different PH and resident
time settings
Sorption levels of Fluoride and
arsenic concentration in different
absorbent materials
experimentation under different
PH and resident time settings
Literature on Kinetics,
Absorbent characteristics.
Experimentations, HCL,
Collected water samples,
Prepared absorbents, Journals,
books etc
Field and laboratory analysis of water samples over
the project period
Senstivity analysis of competing anions
(chloride, nitrate, sulphate, bicarbonate)
on removal of Fluoride and arsenic from
aqueous solution
Hydrochemical data for
Fluoride and arsenic from
absorbant experimentation
under different anions
concentrations
Sorption levels of Fluoride and
arsenic concentration in different
absorbent materials
experimentation under different
anions concentrations
Literature on anionic
influence on reaction
Kinetics, Absorbent
characteristics.
Experimentations, Collected
water samples, Prepared
absorbents, Journals, books etc
Field and laboratory analysis of water samples over
the project period
Specific Results on Capacity Building and Outreach of Research
Development of affordable adsorbent systems for geogenic contaminant removal (2015-2020)
39
1 PhD Thesis on the Field application
for developed technology for effective
removal of fluoride and arsenic from
natural waters of varying quality
parameters for fluoride and arsenic
removal
1 PhD candidate trained 1 PhD Training monitored
through Individual Study Plan
(updated each year) with
documented study progress,
Internal Quality Assurance prior to
application for PhD Public
Defense, and Apporoval after
successful PhD Defense
Eligible Master level graduate
admitted though a competitive
recruitment process (following
public announcements
through UDSM Website and
interviews)
Thesis published at university
libraries
PhD Thesis uploaded in DiVa in KTH Library
database and the Library at
UDSM/Sida
2 MSc Dissertations on the Field
application for developed technology
for effective removal of fluoride and
arsenic from natural waters of varying
quality parameters for fluoride and
arsenic removal
2 MSc students trained at
advanced levels
2 MSc Dissertations approved after
defense
2 MSc Final year student Thesis at University libraries MSc Thesis uploaded Library at UDSM/Sida and
KTH
4 peer-reviewed publications in
International SCI Journals
At least 4 peer-reviewed
publication skills developed by
the PhD student
Manuscripts accepted in
International SCI
Journals folllowing the standard
peer-review processes
New information The Journals, ScienceDirect and
Springer Link and other journals
Web consultation /Regular Journal Issues
2 peer-reviewed conference
presentations on Field application for
developed technology for effective
removal of fluoride and arsenic from
natural waters of varying quality
parameters for fluoride and arsenic
removal
At least 4 peer-reviewed
conference presentation
skills developed
Presentations accepted in peer-
reviewed conferences and presented
in International Conferences (Oral
presentations and/or Posters)
New information Conference proceedings Web consultation /Proceedings Volume
2 Popular science reports At least 2 Popular science
reports published in local
media
2 published and widely
disseminated reports
Previous reportings Reports published Document analysis
Workshops for the local authorities
or communities
Capacitised local
authorities and
communities through
workshops
Number of participants with
positive interview
Previous available data on water
quality reports etc..
Post workshop interview Document analysis
Policy briefs and knowledge
dissemination at UDSM
Awareness raising and
knowledge to the local
communities
Number of participants with
positive interview
Previous information on water
quality at local levels
Post workshop interview Document analysis
Specific Objective # 5: Establishment of the PhD Program in Hydrology and Biogeochemical modelling -
Outputs Outcomes Performance indicator Baseline Data source Method of collecting data
Curriculum developed for
Hydrology and Biogeochemical
Modelling
Implemented curiculum for PhD
program at WRE-CoET, UDSM, with
established learning outcomes and
students admitted in the program.
Curriculum approval by UDSM Senate, the
Tanzanian Commission of Universities
(TCU) , advertisement through UDSM
Website. And local media
The prepared curriculum is, subjected
to approval mechanism through
UDSM and TCU regulations.
Available guidelines for the course
contents through lessons learnt from
the Swedish Cooperation
Existing Programs in other
disciplines at
UDSM, Swedish Universities
(KTH and others)
Information available through web
sources for similar programs in Tanzania,
Sweden, and other Universities globally,
personal communications though
academic networks, questionnaire to
stakeholders and future employers of the
graduates
Summary: Capacity Building, Approach and Outreach of Research (DAFWAT)
4 PhD Thesis 4 PhD candidates trained for
enhanced
Reserach Capacity at WER-CoET,
UDSM
4 PhD Training moniored through
Individual Study Plan (updated each year)
with documented study progress, Internal
Quality Assurance prior to application for
PhD Public Defense, and Apporoval after
successful PhD Defense
Eligible 4 Master level graduates
admitted though a competitive
recruitment process (following
public announcements through
UDSM Website and interviews)
Thesis published at university
libraries
PhD Thesis uploaded in DiVa in KTH
Library database and the Library at
UDSM/Sida
6 MSc Dissertations 6 MSc students trained at advanced
levels
6 MSc Dissertations are approved after
defense
6 MSc Final year students Thesis at university libraries MSc Thesis uploaded Library at
UDSM/Sida and KTH
20 peer-reviewed publications in
International
SCI Journals
At least 16 peer-reviewed
publication skills developed for the 4
PhD students and 4 additional
publications by the Faculties jointly
by WRE-CoET, UDSM and SEED-
KTH
Manuscripts accepted in International SCI
Journals folllowing the standard peer-review
processes
New information The Journals, ScienceDirect
and Springer Link and other
journals
Web consultation /Regular Journal Issues
14 peer-reviewed conference
presentations in
International Conferences
At least 14 peer-reviewed
conference presentation skills
developed for the 4 PhD students and
UDSM staffs
Presentations accepted in peer-reviewed
conferences and presented in International
Conferences (Oral presentations and/or
Posters)
New information Conference proceedings Web consultation /Proceedings Volume
8 Popular science reports At least 8 Popular science reports
published in local media
2 published and widely disseminated reports Previous reportings Reports published Document analysis
Workshops for the local
authorities or communities
Capacitised local authorities
and communities through
workshops
Number of participants with positive
interview
Previous available data on water
quality reports etc..
Post workshop interview Document analysis
Policy briefs and knowledge
dissemination at UDSM
Awareness raising and knowledge
to the local communities
Number of participants with positive
interview
Previous information on water quality
at local levels
Post workshop interview Document analysis
Development of affordable adsorbent systems for geogenic contaminant removal (2015-2020)
41
Curriculum for PhD program
Hydrology and Biogeochemical
Modelling at WRE-CoET,
UDSM, with established learning
outcomes and students admitted in
the program.
Curiculum for PhD program is
implementedat WRE-CoET, UDSM,
with established learning outcomes
and students admitted in the program.
Curriculum approval by UDSM Senate, the
Tanzanian Commission of Universities
(TCU) , advertisement through UDSM
Website. And local media
The prepared curriculum is, subjected
to approval mechanism through
UDSM and TCU regulations.
Available guidelines for the course
contents through lessons learnt from
the Swedish Cooperation
Existing Programs in other
disciplines at
UDSM, Swedish Universities
(KTH and others)
Information available through web
sources for similar programs in
Tanzania, Sweden, and other
Universities globally, personal
communications though academic
networks, questionnaire to stakeholders
and future employers of the graduates
WORKPLAN
Development of affordable adsorbent systems for geogenic contaminant removal (2015-2020)
43
Task Year 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 2019/20
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Training and Capacity Building
o Membrane Sci & Tech Shortcourse
(UDSM)
o WatSan in Int Development
Shortcourse (KTH)
o Scientific Writing Skills Workshop
(KTH&UDSM)
oGrant Writing Workshop (KTH&UDSM)
Community Engagement and Enterprise Facilitation
o Introduction Workshop UDSM
o Research Workshop KTH
o Research Workshop Water
Technology UDSM
o Fluoride Health Implications
Community Meetings
o Technology Demonstration Tanzania
WP 1: In Depth Analysis of the Occurrence of Arsenic and Fluoride and Associated Health Effects in Tanzania
o Critical review of data currently
available on fluoride in Tanzania with a focus on water matrix compounds such as NOM, TDS and pH
o Evaluation of current Treatment
Technologies suitable for Tanzanian Waters
o Appropriateness of available
Development of affordable adsorbent systems for geogenic contaminant removal (2015-2020)
44
Technologies for Rural Tanzania (Assessment of costs,maintenance, robustness, etc)
WP 2: System Design & Systematic Tests as a Baseline of Technical Feasibility (Fluoride Removal)
o Nanofiltration (NF)
o Electrodialysis (ED)
o Field Tests (NF)
WP 3: Optimising sorption performances and Sorption Kinetics of the local sorbents materials for arsenic and flouride removal
o Activated Alumina/Magnesites/
Bauxites Clays
o Tanzanian Bone Char
o Design of Sorption Test System
o Field Tests with most Effective
Sorbent
WP 4: Assess the Impact of Water Quality Parameters such as TDS, pH, NOM and competing Ions on Fluoride Removal by the Processes in WP2 and WP3
o Systematic investigation of NOM
Development of affordable adsorbent systems for geogenic contaminant removal (2015-2020)
45
o Systematic Investigation of pH
o Systematic Investigation of TDS
o Systematic Investigation of Energy
Fluctuations
WP 5: Assessment of socio-economic feasibility in particular community acceptance, comparative performance, cost and capacity (from WP2-4)
o Water Quality & Quantity Comparison
o Specific Energy Consumption & Cost
o Assessment of Technology
Robustness
o Capacity & Maintenance Protocols
o Community Acceptance & Health
Evaluation
o Commercialisation Plan Development
in the Tanzanian Context
PhD and MSc Coursework and Dissertations: 3 + 3
Project Management &
Dissemination
Project team meeting (phone/video conference)
International Conference presentation
Journal publication submission
o Critical Review (WP1): Water
Research Journal
o NF/RO (WP2): Membrane Science
o Adsorption (WP3): Separation
X X
Development of affordable adsorbent systems for geogenic contaminant removal (2015-2020)
46
&Purification Technology Journal
o ED (WP4): Membrane Science Journ
o Technology Assessment (WP5):
Environ S&T Journal
o Health of Fluoride Removal (MSc)
Wat & Health Journal
Joint Kick off meeting UDSM
Reports submission
Colour codes
General skills KTH UDSM KTH & UDSM Meeting or report submission
Journal Publications
ENCLOSURE 3
-Contribution and responsibility of each of the partners/participants/positions in the
proposed research training program
Tanzania Sweden
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Felix Mtalo. Main
Coordinator. Hydrological and groundwater
quality analysis. Supervision of the MSc and
PhD Students, short course
Prof. Dr. Prosun Bhattacharya, Coordinator, KTH. Hydrogeological and
groundwater quality investigations, water
quality analyses, monitoring. Supervision of
the MSc and PhD Students
Joseph Mtamba Ochieng Field work
coordinator and sampling assistant. To work
with the students, and laboratory analysis
Prof. Dr. Berit Balfors, Professor
Environmental Impact Analysis of trace
elements in aquatic environments and water
treatment technology.
Prof. Dr. Roger Thunvik, Professor, KTH
Sub-surface modelling of contaminant
transport
Dr. Helfrid Schulte-Herbrüggen,Post-doc
scientist, KTH Biogeochemical interactions
of trace elements in aquatic environments and
water treatment technology.
M.Sc. M. Annaduzzaman, Laboratory
analysis and modelling of groundwater
chemical data
Development of affordable adsorbent systems for geogenic contaminant removal (2015-2020)
48
ENCLOSURE 4
CV
Felix Mtalo
Born: 1953-10-24
1. Higher education
1978-1980, M.Sc,
1974-1978, BSc
2. Doctoral degree
1984-1988Dr.-Ing. in Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering Titled "Sediment Removal
from Canals using the Vortex Tube",
3. Postdoctoral work ( year and placement)
1988-1989 Dam Construction sites in Germany and Hydropower Planning sites in Loussane
Switzerland and Italy
4. Qualifications as research/fellow/associate professor (year)
Associate Professor University of Dar es salaam 1996
Full Professor of Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering 2006
Lecturer in Water Resources Management and Hydraulic structures to Under-and
Postgraduate students.
5. Special certification or equivalent (year, discipline/subject area)
Fellow Institution of Engineers Tanzania 1995 Water Structures
Fellow Academy of Sciences Tanzania 2010
Consultant Engineer-Engineers Registration Board 2000
6. Current position, period of appointment
Professor of Water Resources Engineering and
Professorial Chair Holder (SADC) in Water Resources Management 2007
7. Previous employment and duration of employment
Associate Professor Water Resources University of Dar es salaam 1996
Full Professor of water Resources Engineering UDSM 2006
Visiting Professor Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology 2004
External Examiner at Master and PhD students at Makerere University-Uganda, Nairobi
University, Kenya, Kenyatta University Kenya, Universities of Tshwane, Durban, Cape
Town, South Africa, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim,
Sokoine , Nelson Mandela Universities in Tanzania
8. Interruptions in research
None
9. Individuals who have completed their doctoral degree under your supervision (name,
year of PhD thesis defence) or postdoctoral period under your main supervision
Dr Hassan Mjengera (2002) Optimisation of Bone Char filter column for Defluoridating
drinking water at Household level in Tanzania
Dr Zemadin Birhanu (2005) Application of a GIS based SWAT model in simulating the
available water resources in a Pangani river basin sub-
catchment
Dr Singano Josephat (2002) Optimization ofMagnesite for defluoridating Drinking water at
Household level in Tanzania
Development of affordable adsorbent systems for geogenic contaminant removal (2015-2020)
49
Dr Yawson Daniel (2003) Modeling of Mtera-Kidatu reservoir system to Improve integrated Water Resources
Management
Dr Prekesedis MarcoNdomba (2007) Modeling of Erosion Processes and Reservoir
Sedimentation in Pangani Basin-upstream of Nyumba Ya Mungu Reservoir”
Dr Johnston Malisa (2007) Dam Safety Analysis Using Physical and Numerical Models for
Small Dams in Tanzania”,
Dr Kashimbiri Nimzihirwa (2012)Development of a System Dynamic Model for Investigation
of Groundwater Variability in Arusha Municipality Well-field
Dr Bernard Thole (2013)Development of a Hybrid water Defluoridation technology in
groundwater supply systems
10. Pedagogic experience. List 5 most important Master/PhD training courses you have
been involved in organising. Specify your role and the year(s)
A: Courses: 1:Prepeared the curricullum and teaching manuscript for the subject WM 622
River Engineering for the Masters in Integrated water Resources Engineering- 2005 -
coordinator
2: Prepared the teaching manuscipt and curiculum for a Masters programme in Integrated
Sanitation Management.(ISM 610 Remediation of Landfills) supported by EU project.-local
coordinator
3:Prepared the curricullum for WR 643 Hydraulic Structures for Hydropower plants,Masters
in Renewable Energy-coordinator and lecturer
4. Organised and lecturing WR 640 Hydropower plants to MSc Renewable Energy
progaramme-coordinator and lecturer
B. Degree projects at Undergraduate and Postgraduate level.
Supervised more tan 80 Masters and 200 undergraduate students in the area of water
Resources Engineering and Management.
11. Other information of importance to the application
Prof. Mtalo has a a long experience on international collaborative research undertakings. He
has actively coordinated or participated in the following international undertakings.
-Wetlands as Regulators of Matter Transport –Development towards sustainable
Tropical Landscapes (Mara River Basin)supported under VicRes
- Water Resources Management of the Pangani river basin under the support of
NORAD-Norway
- Hydrological Modeling for the Nile Basin catchments under UNESCO in NILE-FRIEND
- Valuing the Arc Mountains in Tanzania under Levehulme Foundation of UK
- Hydrological analysis for the Eastern arc Mountain Forests in Tanzania under WWF
-Flood forecasting of the Lower Rufiji basin in Tanzania under DFID –through CEH
Besides speaking and writing Swahili fluently, I also speak and write English and German as
foreign languages. I have a good computer knowledge and skills on Hydrological modelling,
Remote Sensing and GIS applications. I have participated in several projects evaluation
committees in the region, Africa and Europe. I am for example, a research proposal reviewer
for EU programmes, as well as the Royal Society of Britain.
I am a registered Journals reviewer in Tanzania and the Africa region.
Development of affordable adsorbent systems for geogenic contaminant removal (2015-2020)
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CV
PROSUN BHATTACHARYA
Born: 1962-07-27
1. Higher education degree(s) (year, subject area)
B. Sc. (Hons) Geology, 1982, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
M. Sc. Applied Geology, 1985, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
2. Doctoral degree (year, discipline/subject area, dissertation title, and supervisor)
1990, Ph. D. Geology/Petrology and geochemistry/ Title of Doctoral Thesis: “Petrology and
geochemistry of clastic metasediments from Proterozoic Aravalli Supergroup, Udaipur
District, South Central Rajasthan” Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Dhiraj M. Banerjee,University of
Delhi, Delhi, India.
3. Postdoctoral work (year and placement) -
4. Qualifications as research fellow/associate professor (year)
Docent (Associate Professor), Groundwater Chemistry (2002) KTH Royal Institute of
Technology, Stockholm, Sweden Title of Docent Lecture: Arsenic in Groundwater of
Sedimentary Aquifers: Mechanisms of Mobilization
5. Specialist certification or equivalent (year, discipline/subject area)
Elected as a Fellow of the Geological Society of America (2012)
6. Current position, period of appointment, share of time spent in research.
Professor in Groundwater Chemistry,December 2009- till date, Department of Sustainable
Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
Tel: 08-790 7399, Fax: 08-790 6857 E-mail: [email protected], Time in research: 80%
URL: http://www2.lwr.kth.se/Personal/personer/bhattacharya_prosun/index.htm
Research Coordinator: KTH-International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group (GARG)
URL: http://www2.lwr.kth.se/Personal/personer/bhattacharya_prosun/Garg/index.htm
7. Previous positions and periods of appointment (specify type of position).
Scientist/Docent (Associate Professor) in Groundwater Chemistry (April 2002-
November 2009), Department of Land and Water Resources Engineering, KTH
Visiting Scientist Contaminated Land and Water Environment Programme,
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Adelaide,
Australia (December 2001- June, 2002).
Research Scientist (Forskare) (2001-March 2002) Dept. of Land and Water Resources
Engineering, KTH.
Research Engineer (Fo. ing.) (1994-2001) Coordinator: Groundwater Arsenic
Research Group, Div.of Land and Water Resources, Dept. of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, KTH, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
Visiting Professor: Faculdad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnologias, Universidad Nacional
de Santiago del Estero, Argentina. (October 2001-2008).
Visiting Professor Department of Geology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
(October 2004-ongoing); Visiting Professor Department of Earth Sciences, National
Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (May, 2010)
8. Interruptions in research. -
9. Individuals who have completed their doctoral degree under your supervision (name,
year of PhD thesis defense) or postdoctoral period under your main supervision.
Development of affordable adsorbent systems for geogenic contaminant removal (2015-2020)
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o 2003, Joydev Jana, Co –adviser with Dr. D. Chatterjee, University of Kalyani, West
Bengal, India)
o 2004, Aparajita Bhattacharya, Co-adviser with J. Routh, Department of Geology and
Geochemistry, Stockholm University.(Licenciate)
o 2007, Md. Jakariya, Main Adviser, Department of Land and Water Resources
Engineering, KTH
o 2008, M. Aziz Hasan, Main Adviser, Department of Land and Water Resources
Engineering, KTH.
o 2012, Mattias von Brömssen, Main Adviser, Department of Land and Water
Resources Engineering, KTH.
o 2013, Ashis Biswas, Main Adviser, Department of Sustainable Development,
Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH.
o 2013, Dipti Halder, Main Adviser, Department of Sustainable Development,
Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH
o 2014, Oswaldo Eduardo Ramos Ramos, Main Adviser, Department of Sustainable
Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH, Sida-Bolivia
Cooperation with UMSA, La Paz, Bolivia.
10. Pedagogic experience. List 5 most important Master/PhD training courses you have
been involved in organizing. Specify your role and the year(s)
A: Courses: Experience of teaching undergraduate and post graduate students at the
Department of Land and Water Resources Engineering in undergraduate and FOV courses
(fort- och vidare utbildningskurser):
1. Soil remediation (AE216V)
2. Groundwater Chemistry and its vulnerability (AE212V)
3. Groundwater chemistry and its application in both naturally and anthropogenically
contaminated environments. (FOV course and also Linnaeus-Palme Academic
Exchange program at Univeridad Nacional de Santiage del Estero, Argentina,
Department of Geology, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh.
B: Degree project inGroundwater Chemistry (AE211X): Supervised more than 38 MSc
Thesis projects (46 undergraduate students) on studies on the geogenic contaminantion of
groundwater with arsenic and other fluoride and remediation.
11. Other information of importance to the application
A. List of Research Projects:
Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) Project: “Water
Resources Management-Hydrogeochemical Study of Arsenic and Heavy Metals in
Groundwater of Poopo and Uru-Uru Basins and evaluation of risk in the exposed population”
Bolivia, Sida Contribution No. 7500707606 (2007-2012): 1.75 MSEK), Swedish
International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) Project: Sustainable Arsenic
Mitigation (SASMIT) Sida Contribution No. 73000854 (2007-2015: 11 MSEK), SIDA-
Swedish Research Link Programme: Targeting safe aquifers in regions with high arsenic in
groundwaters of India and the options for sustainable drinking water supply [2007-2011] [0.6
MSEK], SGU project: (2007-2010, 0.5 MSEK), Formas project: (2007-2012: 2.81 MSEK),
Sida- Joint Formas-SAREC Project: (2007-2011: 0.91 MSEK),
B. Project Evaluation Committee: Danida, International Foundation of Science (IFS),
French National Research Agency. NERC, NWO, CONYCET, Chile, National Science
Foundation, USA, and Canadian Cancer Soceity.
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C. Associate Editor: Journal of Hydrology (Elsevier); Environment International (Elsevier)
and Editor: Interdisciplinary Book Series: Arsenic in the Environment (CRC Press)
D: Editor in Chief: Groundwater for Sustainable Development (Elsevier); Frontiers in
Environmental Sciences: Specialty Section on Groundwater Resources and Management
(Nature Publishing Group)
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CV
Helfrid Schulte-Herbrüggen
Born: 1979-01-22
1. Higher education
2004 B.Sc (Hons) Environmental Chemistry, the University of Edinburgh, UK
2. Doctoral degree
2012 Ph.D. Environmental Engineering, the University of Edinburgh, UK. Title of PhD
thesis: “Remote Community Drinking Water Supply – Mechanisms of Uranium Retention and
Adsorption by Ultrafiltration, Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis” (2006-2011)
3. Postdoctoral work ( year and placement)
2013 –current. PI of “Sustainable Water”, The University of Edinburgh, UK
2013 –current.co-PI of “Critical Evaluation of Available Toxicity due to Silver Nanoparticles
(AgNP) in Indian Sundarban Mangrove Wetland, A UNESCO World Heritage Site”, the
University of Edinburgh, UK.
4. Qualifications as research/fellow/associate professor (year)
- see 6.
5. Special certification or equivalent (year, discipline/subject area)
6. Current position, period of appointment
EPSRC Doctoral prize Fellowship, The University of Edinburgh, UK (2013 - current)
Visiting researcher, KTH Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (2014 – current)
7. Previous employment and duration of employment
- Lecturer in Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh
(Jan 2014 – June 2014)
- PhD researcher, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, UK (Sept 2006 – May
2011)
- Research Assistant, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh (Aug 2005 – June
2006)
- Tutor, School of Literatures, Languages and Cultures, University of Edinburgh (part-time,
Aug 2005 – May 2006)
- Environmental Chemist (Internship), Jönköping County Council (Länsstyrelsen), Sweden.
Supervisor Dr Gudrun Bremle (Oct 2004 – April 2005)
8. Interruptions in research
2011-2012 – maternity leave
9. Individuals who have completed their doctoral degree under your supervision (name,
year of PhD thesis defence) or postdoctoral period under your main supervision
- Payam Malek, PhD student Environmental Engineering, The University of Edinburgh “Clean Water from Clean Energy: Removal of Dissolved Contaminants from Brackish Water
Using Wind Energy Powered Electrodialysis”, lead supervisor, (Jan 2013 – Nov 2014)
- Paul Bryers, PhD Environmental Engineering, The University of Edinburgh “Water
Engineering and International Development”, co-supervisor (Jan – June 2013)
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10. Pedagogic experience. List 5 most important Master/PhD training courses you have
been involved in organising. Specify your role and the year(s)
Contaminated Land and Groundwater Remediation.A 10 credit final year Masters
Engineering course, The University of Edinburgh. Course Organiser, lecturer and examiner
(Jan-June, 2014).
Applications in ground and water chemistry 3. Guest lecture, KTH, 2014
Mass transport between fluid and porous boundaries, part of the course Environmental
Engineering 3, the University of Edinburgh (2013).
Water and sustainability, part of the course Infrastructure, Management and Sustainability
3, the University of Edinburgh, invited lecture (2013).
11. Other information of importance to the application
a. Pedagogic training
- Post-graduate Certificate in Academic Practice. 60 credit Masters course at the
University of Edinburgh. Courses: 1) Understanding student learning, 2) Research
leadership and management, 3) Teaching and learning within and beyond the disciplines 4)
course organisation and management and 5) Developing my approach to teaching (2013 –
current).
- Oxford Leadership Academy on Personal Leadership (June 2009)
- Introduction to tutoring and demonstrating (the University of Edinburgh) (2006)
Masters students supervised (all at the University of Edinburgh):
Thesis Supervisor (January – June 2014)
Sigrid Bjørneng Sagen, MEng Civil Engineering, “Effects of Thermal Pre-treatment and
Co-digestion on the Bio-methane Potential of Organic Food Waste and Ulva Lactuca”
Fahad Alfahad, MEng Civil Engineering, “Anaerobic Digestion – Generating Energy
from Waste”.
Veronika Stoyanova, MEng Civil Engineering, “Energy from Waste: Effects of PAHs
Contamination on the Anaerobic Digestion Process of Green Macro-Algae Ulva Lactuca”.
Peter Antwi Owusu, visiting MSc research student from KNUST, Ghana (2008)
Laboratory Supervisor (2006-07)
John Davey, MSc Civil Engineering (2007)
Xiaolu Xu, MSc Environmental and Analytical Chemistry (2006)
Emmanuel Blei, and Niranjan Kumar, MSc Environmental Chemistry (2006)
b. Research grants awarded
British Council Researcher Links participant to workshop: “Fluoride (F) metabolism and
public health - a Question of DETAIL”, Bauru Dental School, Brazil (April 2014); UKIERI
research grant: “Critical Evaluation of Available Toxicity due to Silver Nanoparticles
(AgNP) in Indian Sundarban Mangrove Wetland, A UNESCO World Heritage Site” (co-PI
with Dr Antizar-Ladislao and Prof Sarkar, 2 x £20, 000) (2013); Royal Society Partnership
Grant (lead author) with Callum McLellan, Trinity Academy, Edinburgh: “Splashing Out –
the Water Footprint of our Daily Lives” (£2700) (2013); EPSRC doctoral prize fellowship,
“Sustainable Water” (2012); Royal Academy of Engineers (conference participation)
(2010); Fund for Women Graduates (living expenses) (2009); Daimler Chrystler-
UNESCO Mondialogo Engineering Award (lead author) (2008); ESRC-EPSRC PhD
Scholarship (£45,000, named contributor) (2006); ERASMUS scholarship (6 months living
costs) (2001); Project Las Piedras, socio-ecological research (various sources, £ 30,000)
(2001 & 2002)
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c. Other activities
Science and Engineering outreach: Co-ordinator of “Splashing Out – the Water Footprint of
Our Daily Lives” funded by the Royal Society. A cross-curricular project between Edinburgh
University, Trinity Academy and Edinburgh College of Art (Jan 2013 – June 2014).
Research expedition: Project Las Piedras, Peru.Coordinator and medical officer of socio-
ecological research projectarch team of students and local guides (2001 and 2002).
CV
BERIT BROKKING BALFORS
Born: 1958-10-13; Affiliation: Dept of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and
Engineering, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden. Phone: +46 8 790 63 52; E-mail: [email protected]
1. Doctoral degree (year, discipline/subject area, dissertation title, and supervisor)
PhD in Land- and Water Resources, KTH, 1994
2. Qualifications as research fellow/associate professor (year)
Docent in Land and Water Resources, KTH, 2007
3. Specialist certification or equivalent (year, discipline/subject area)
-
4. Current position, period of appointment, share of time spent in research.
Professor in Environmental Impact Analysis (2011)
Associate professor in Environmental Impact Analysis (2007),
5. Previous positions and periods of appointment (specify type of position).
Senior lecturer, Dept. Land and Water Resources Engineering, KTH, 2002-2010
Assistant Prof, Dept. Land and Water Resources, KTH, 1997-2002
Researcher, Dept. Land and Water Resources, KTH, 1994-1997
Visiting researcher, Delft Technical University, River Basin Centre, the Netherlands, 1990-
1991
6. Interruptions in research. -
Parental leave: 1999-2000 Maternity leave; 1997-1998 Maternity leave
7. Individuals who have completed their doctoral degree under your supervision (name,
year of PhD thesis defense) or postdoctoral period under your main supervision.
Awarded PhD; Main supervisor: 2008: Mikael Gontier; 2011:Andreas Zetterberg, 2012:
Andrew Quin; 2014: Kedar Uttam
Awarded Lic.; Main supervisor: 2008: Annika Varnäs; 2009: Andreas Zetterberg;
2010: Andrew Quin; 2011: Selome Mekkonnen Tessema; 2011: Kedar Uttam; 2011: Emma
Engström; 2011: Juan Azcarate; 2012: Frida Franzén; 2013: Mårten Karlson
Current supervisor; Main supervisor: Frida Franzén, Emma Engström, Johan Högström
Juan Azcarate, Mårten Karlson, David Ddumba, Selome Mekkonnen Tessema and Xi Pang;
Deputy supervisor: Zairis Coello Midence
Awarded PhD; Deputy supervisor: Ulla Mörtberg, 2004, Charlotta Faith-Ell, 2005, Kristina
Lundberg, 2009.
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8. Pedagogic experience. List 5 most important Master/PhD training courses you have
been involved in organizing. Specify your role and the year(s)
Head teacher and examiner for ‘Environmental Impact Assessment’ 7.5 ECTS (within the
Masters Program Environmental Engineering & Sustainable Infrastructure).
Head teacher and examiner for ‘Miljösystemanalys’ (within the undergraduate program Civil
Engineering and Urban Management), 7.5 ECTS.
Head teacher and examiner for Strategic Environmental Assessment 7.5 ECTS (within the
Masters Program Sustainable Urban Planning and Design).
9. Other information of importance to the application
A. List of Research Projects:
2000 – 2003 Landscape ecological assessment in an urbanizing environment. Formas, (1.5
MSEK); 2005 – 2011 Impacts of region-wide urban development on biodiversity in strategic
environmental assessment.Formas, (3.2 MSEK); 2002 - 2007 Prediction tools for biodiversity
in physical planning and EIA. Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, (2.6 MSEK); 2005
– 2007 Contamination of water resources in the Tarkwa mining area of Ghana: Linking
technical, socio-economic and gender dimensions.SAREC, (1.1 MSEK); 2008 – 2014
Improving the environmental performance of the construction sector through harmonizing
green procurement and environmental impact assessment.Formas, (2 MSEK); 2012 – 2014
Green spaces for integrated city and transport planning. Trafikverket, (1.5MSEK); 2014-
2017 Sustainable Planning and Environmental Assessment Knowledge (SPEAK). Swedish
Environmental Protection Agency, (10 MSEK); 2014-2016 Collaborative Platform for
Sustainable Suburban Dynamics. Vinnova-Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation
Systems, (8 MSEK).
B. Ongoing collaboration - research projects
2010 – 2015 With John Mango, Dept. of Mathematic, Makerere Faculty of Science, Makerere
University. Mathematical modeling of eutrophication and pollution in Lake Victoria,
Uganda.ISP (1.3 MSEK); 2009 - 2015 With Associate prof. Joanne Fernlund, Dept of Land
and Water Resources, KTH. Environmental assessment of road geology and ecology in a
system perspective. Formas, (20 MSEK); 2008 - 2015 With Associate prof. Monica Hammer,
Södertörn University College. Ecosystems as a common-pool resources – Implications for
building sustainable management institutions in the Baltic Sea Region. Östersjöstiftelsen, (4.1
MSEK).
C: Academic Assignments
Member of an expert panel at FORMAS, 2007.
Member in the KTH University Board (KTH Högskolestyrelsen) 2011-2013.
Head of the Department of Land and Water Resources Engineering, KTH, 2007-
20013.
Vice chairmen in KTH Appointments Committee (tjänsteförslagsnämnd), ongoing.
Member of the scientific board for Lissheden Foundation (SEB Bank), ongoing.
Member of the board of Mistra Pharma, 2009-2013.
D. Evaluating Committee
2005-04-29 – Maria Håkansson, KTH. Doctoral thesis; 2007-12-14 – Kristina Rundcrantz,
SLU, Doctoral thesis; 2007-06-07 – Christian Baresel, KTH, Doctoral thesis; 2007-09-21 –
Erik Andersson, SU, Doctoral thesis; 2008-04-07 – Fredrik Hannertz, SU, Doctoral thesis;
2008-05-09 – Elisabeth Hochschorner, KTH, Doctoral Thesis; 2008-05-28 – Karin Ahrné,
SLU, Doctoral Thesis; 2008-06-11 – Amir Houshang Ehsani, KTH, Doctoral Thesis; 2008-
12-04 – Gull Olli, SU, Doctoral Thesis; 2009-12-17 – Sofia Ahlroth, KTH, Doctoral Thesis;
2011-02-04 – Sara Borgström, SU, Doctoral Thesis; 2012-03-30 - Solomon Gebreyohannis
Gebrehiwot, SLU, Doctoral Thesis. 2012-09-26 Cathy Wilkinson, Resilience Centre,
Doctoral Thesis.2013-05-03 – Gunnel Göransson, LTU, Doctoral Thesis.
Development of affordable adsorbent systems for geogenic contaminant removal (2015-2020)
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E. Opponent
2011-12-20 – Kjell Andersson, SLU, Doctoral Thesis; 2010-09-06 – Arvid Bring, SU,
Licentiate Thesis; 2008-02-01- Sara Borgström, SU, Licentiate Thesis;
F: Evaluator (Sakkunnig)
2013 Evaluator – a Lecturer at Umeå University; 2011 Evaluator – a professorship and senior
Lecturer at SU; 2005 Evaluator - a professorship and a Senior Lecturer at SLU; 2009 Referee
Östersjöstiftelsen
G. Reviewer for scientific journals:
Environment, Development and Sustainability; Journal of Environmental Management;
Environmental Modelling & Assessment; Environmental Impact Assessment Review; Journal
of Cleaner production.
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CV
ROGER THUNVIK Date of birth: 1944-12-08
Office address: Dept Land and Water Resources Engineering,
Research areas and activities
Current research/supervising is directed towards:
Hydrodynamic Modelling of Lake Victoria, Uganda. Dept. Mathematics, Makerere University,
Kampala Uganda – Development of a Vertically integrated flow model in COMSOL Multiphysics.
Recent supervising: Supervisor within the Sida/SAREC project SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGICAL
DEVELOPMENT IN THE LAKE VICTORIA REGION for PhD capacity building at Makerere
University in Kampala, Uganda (1. Environmental sanitation situation and solution transport in
variably saturate soil in peri-urban Kampala, 2. Water supply management in and urban utility: A
prototype decision support framework.
Recent research includes: (i) Modelling of arsenic contamination in groundwater: (a) “Hydrodynamic
modelling of arsenic in sedimentary aquifers of UruUru and Poopó basins in the Bolivian Altiplano”,
and (b) the MISTRA project: “Targeting arsenic-safe groundwater in regions with high
concentrations of arsenic and its worldwide implications”, (ii) Integration of surface hydrology and
subsurface models; Integrated hydrological and hydrogeological modelling of catchments –
application to the Örsunda watershed at Lake Mälaren (Geological Survey of Sweden and (iii)
Groundwater management using MCDA (Multicriteria Decision Aid).
Previous research areas include calculation of groundwater flow to rockstore caverns for oil and gas
(PhD-thesis), groundwater flow and solute mass transport, unsaturated flow, gas migration in fracture
networks, coupled heat and groundwater flow around radioactive waste repositories, sensitivity
analysis of groundwater flow, saltwater intrusion. Developed finite element and finite difference flow
and transport models, schemes for stochastic generation of fracture formations (unconditional
simulations and simulations conditioned on measured data), and sensitivity equations based on
perturbations of permeability for assessment of groundwater flow uncertainty. Groundwater flow
modelling coupled with GIS. Theoretical developments comprise, among other things, combined flow
of heat and water, gas migration in fracture networks, permeability estimation using double packer
tests in anisotropic aquifers, and up-scaling problems.
Recent fields of research include hydrogeological decision analysis and sensitivity analysis of heat
propagation from radioactive waste repositories. Project co-ordinator for the VASTRA (Swedish
Water Management Research) programme: Integration of mathematical models. Co-researcher at the
University of Oslo, Inst. for Geophysics: Numerical calculation of unsaturated flow and solute
transport, and LNAPL transport for the Gardermoen project. Member of the scientific board of the
workshop: Diffuse input of chemicals into soils & groundwater, assessment & management, Topic III:
Management of landuse in water catchment areas to minimise diffuse pollution, in Dresden February
26-28. Germany.
Other relevant information: Organised and held the NorFA (Nordic Academy for Advanced Study)
post-graduate course in Applied groundwater flow and transport modelling at the Royal Institute of
Technology (KTH) between 29 may and 9 June, 1995 (with 25 participants from Sweden, Denmark,
Norway and Finland). Also involved in under-graduate teaching, e.g. head teacher of the course:
Quantitative Hydrogeology (geohydraulics, mathematical-physical groundwater and solute transport
modelling and geostatistics, etc.), KTH, 1996-1998. Head teacher of the course: Groundwater
modelling - a service training and supplementary training course at KTH.
Coordinator of the technical assessment group for the EESI- (Environmental Engineering and
Sustainable Infrastructure) MSc program field excursion to Riga (1998-2001) and Gdansk (2002-
2004).Coordinator for the new education program on Natural Resources Engineering within the
school of Built Environment at KTH.Member of the programme committee for the
FEMLAB/COMSOL conference in Stockholm, October 3-5, 2005, Copenhagen, Denmark, October
31-November 2, 2006, and Grenoble, France, October 23-24, 2007.
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Referee for international journals: Water Resources Research, Journal of Hydrology, Journal of Nordic
Hydrology, Hydrogeology Journal and Ambio.
Opponent for the PhD thesis: "A Statistical Approach for Water Movement in the Unsaturated Zone",
by Tielin Zhang, Department of Water Resources Engineering, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund
University, Sweden, May 1991. Opponent for the "Docent (=assoc. prof.) seminar of L. Jing,
"Mechanics of joints and jointed rock masses, Engineering Geology, KTH, Stockholm, Dec. 1994.
Opponent for the PhD thesis ”On the flow of groundwater flow to closed tunnels", by Johan G.
Holmén, Institute of Earth Sciences, Quaternary Geology, Uppsala University, Sweden, Sept., 1997.
1st Opponent for the PhD thesis "Groundwater and geochemical modelling of a landfill at
Gardermoen" by Leif Basberg, NTNU dept. Geology in Trondheim, Sept. 1999. Opponent for the PhD
thesis "Coupled modelling of contaminant transport and microbial degradation in the unsaturated zone
of a structured delta deposit" by Eli Alfsnes, Dept. Geology at Oslo University, Feb. 2002. Member of
the UNESCO-working group (IHP-IV Project 5.2 - Hard Rock Aquifers) and author of Chapter 4.2
Resources assessment: Analytical and numerical techniques of the related book.
Senior expert for the Mekong Secretariat in Bangkok, March-April 1993. Review of groundwater
water data in the Lower Mekong basin. Consulting mission (UNESCO) to Cyprus, Nicosia, June
1975.Advisor to the Government of Cyprus on the Computerisation of Hydrological and
Geohydrological Data.
Supervising (2014-2007)
Emma Engström, 2011,“Transport and Fate of Escherichia coli in Unsaturated Porous Media”, TRITA-LWR LIC 2059.
Licentiate Thesis in Land and Water Resources Engineering. KTH Architecture and the Built Environment, Stockholm.
Andrew Quin, 2010, “Monitoring and evaluation of rural water supply in Uganda”. Licentiate, Nov 2010.
Supervisor; TRITA –LWR Lic Thesis 2052.
Robinah Kulabako, 2010, “Environmental sanitation situation and solution transport in variably saturated
soil in peri-urban Kampala, Uganda”. PhD Sept 2010. Principal supervisor (Swe: Huvudhandledare);
Frank Kizito, 2010, “Water supply management in an urban utility: A prototype decision support framework,
University of Makerere, Kampala, Uganda”. FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY, Department of Civil
Engineering. Principal supervisor (Swe: Huvudhandledare); February, 2010, TRITA-LWR PhD 1054.
Frank Kizito, 2007, “Development of Decision Support Tools for Urban Water Supply Management in
Uganda, University of Makerere, Kampala, Uganda”. FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY, Department of Civil
Engineering. Principal supervisor (Swe: Huvudhandledare); Licentiate thesis, TRITA-LWR LIC 2041.
Oswaldo Ramos, 2007-2014, Hydrogeology and groundwater chemistry in a part of the Bolivian Altiplano
and its implications on transport of arsenic. Universidad Mayor de San Andres, LaPaz, Bolivia.
Current supervision of PhD-students
David Ddumba Walakira, 2010-present, “On Eco-hydrodynamic modelling of Lake Victoria“, Joint Degree,
PhD project: Dept. Mathematics, Makerere University, Uganda and Dept. Land and Water Resources
Engineering, KTH.
Emma Engström, 2009-present, “Modelling groundwater flow and contaminant transport in per-urban
Kampala – with focus on E-coli removal”. Dept. Land and Water Resources Engineering, KTH
Mauricio Ormachea Muñoz, 2007- present, Hydrochemistry of natural arsenic in the Bolivian highland
sources – mobility and methods of removal. (preliminary title). Universidad Mayor de San Andres, LaPaz,
Bolivia.
MSc thesis works 1997 – 2009 (42 MSc thesis)
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CV
MD ANNADUZZAMAN
Born: 6th November, 1986
1. Higher education
2009 Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering &
Technology(RUET), Rajshahi, Bangladesh
2012 Master of Science in Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Infrastructure,
KTHRoyal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
2. Doctoral degree
2012 –current PhD Student, Division of Land and Water Resources Engineering,
Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Sciences and Engineering, KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
4. Qualifications as research/fellow/associate professor (year)
2012 – Current: The Potentiality of Chitin/Chitosan Biopolymers for the Removal ofArsenic
and Radioactive Elements from Drinking Water.
5. Special certification or equivalent (year, discipline/subject area)
6. Current position, period of appointment
FP7-SME (ChitoClean) Doctoral research scholarship, KTH Royal Institute of Technology,
Stockholm, Sweden (2012 - current)
7. Previous employment and duration of employment
M. Sc. Project: Project work on Sustainable Arsenic Mitigation (SASMIT), Bangladesh
8. Interruptions in research
N/A
9. Individuals who have completed their doctoral degree under your supervision (name,
year of PhD thesis defence) or postdoctoral period under your main supervision
- N/A
10. Pedagogic experience. List 5 most important Master/PhD training courses you have
been involved in organising. Specify your role and the year(s)
11. Other information of importance to the application
a. Pedagogic training
Post-graduate Certificate in Academic Practice.
2013 Applied Statistics (Royal Institute of Technology)
2012 Environmental Measuring and Monitoring (Royal Institute of Technology)
2012 Management of Land and Water (Royal Institute of Technology)
2012 Environmental Chemistry (Royal Institute of Technology)
2011 Water and Waste Handling (Royal Institute of Technology)
2011 Environmental Geology (Royal Institute of Technology)
2011 Natural Resources Management (Royal Institute of Technology)
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2010 Environmental Impact Assessment (Royal Institute of Technology)
2009 Environmental Engineering (RUET, Bangladesh)
2008 Solid Waste Management (RUET, Bangladesh)
b. Research grants awarded
EU-FP7-SME Action Project ChitoClean (December 2012 - November 2014)
Linnaeus Palme (LP) Academic Exchange Student Scholarship, (August 2011 - May 2012)
c. Other activities
Laboratory Training work: University of Seljuk, Konya, Turkey laboratory analysis for
materials characterisation by SEM, ESR, FTIT, XRD, UV, Fluorescence Spectroscopy, TGA
(July 2013-August 2013)
ICP-OES Analyst: Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and
Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
Development of affordable adsorbent systems for geogenic contaminant removal (2015-2020)
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ENCLOSURE 5
Selected PUBLICATIONS BASED ON STUDY THEME
PROF. DR.-ING. FELIX MTALO
1: Mtalo F., Abdi K.C
Removal of Excess Fluoride from Household drinking water with Emphasis on regenerated
media. Proceedings of ANSTI conference on Water Resources and Environmental
Engineering subnetwork seminar. August 23-25,1992 pp 190-207
2: Mtalo F., Abdi K.C.
Media regeneration for excess Fluoride Removal
East African Journal of Engineering Vol.1 Nr.1, January 1993.
3: Mtalo F., Mashauri D.A., Singano J.
Effect of pH on Defluoridation by using calcined Magnesite:
Proceedings: International Workshop on Fluorosis and Defluoridation of Water: October
1995.
4: Mjengera H., Mtalo F., Mashauri D.A.
Fluoride Sorption on Bone Char in Batch - Experiments.
Proceedings: International Workshop on Fluorosis and Defluoridation of Water: October
1995
5:Bernard Thole, Felix Mtalo and Wellington Masamba
Effect of particle size on loading capacity and water quality in water Defluoridation with 200°C
Calcined Bauxite, Gypsum, Magnesite and their composite filter
African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Vol 6 (2) pp26-34 January 2012,
201DOI 10.5897/AJPAC 11.037
6. Bernard Thole, Felix Mtalo and Wellington Masamba
Water Defluoridation with 1500300
0 C calcined Bauxite-Gypsum-Magnesite (B-G-
Mc) filters
Water Resources Management VI, Wit Transactions on Ecology and Environment
Vol. 145, pp 383-393 (2012)
7: Bernard Thole, Felix Mtalo and Wellington Masamba
Determination of Brekthrough Characteristics , Kinetics and Dose effect on Water
Defluoridation with Bauxite, Gypsum, Magnsite and their composite filter
Submitted: Journal of CLEAN: Soil, Air Water
8: Bernard Thole, Felix Mtalo and Wellington Masamba
Groundwater Defluoridation with Raw Bauxite, Gypsum, Mgnesite ad their
Composites
Journal CLEAN Soil, Air water Vol. 40 Issue 11 Nov 2012 pp. 1222-1228 DOI:
10.1002
9:.Bernard Thole, Felix Mtalo and Wellington Masamba
Interactions between pH and Loading capacities on water Defluoridation with 200
calcined Bauxite, Gypsum, Magnesite and their composite filter
African Journal of Pure and applied Chemistry Vol. 6 (2) pp 26-34
Development of affordable adsorbent systems for geogenic contaminant removal (2015-2020)
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http://www. Academicjournals.org/AJPAC DOI: 1996-0840 @2012
10. Bernard Thole, Felix Mtalo and Wellington Masamba
Defluoridation Kinetics of 200 0 C calcine bauxite, gypsum and magnesite and
breakthrough characteristics of their r composite filter
Journal of Fluorine Chemistry Vol. 132 pp 529-535, 2012
11: Bernard Thole, Felix Mtalo and Wellington Masamba
Breakthrough characteristics and flow-rate interaction in Water Defluoridation with a
Bauxite-Gypsum-Magnesite composite Filter
Proceedings of Regional Water Conference –Gaberone Botswana, April 2012
12: Mtamba J; Ndomba P; Mtalo F.
Wetland Change Detection and Dynamics using Multi-temporal Remote Sensing
Techniques.
Proceedings of the 4th Regional IHP Conference Dar es salaam April, 2012
Available on CD.
13.Fredrick Mashingia , Michael Bruen, and Felix Mtalo
SWAT model application and prediction uncertainty analysis in a poorly gauged
tropical mountain catchment with high spatial variability
Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Earth- Delft
14. Bernard Thole, Felix Mtalo and Wellington Masamba
Breakthrough characteristics and flow-rate interaction in Water Defluoridation with a
Bauxite-Gypsum-Magnesite composite Filter; Proceedings of Regional Water
Conference –Gaberone Botswana
15. Bernard Thole, Felix Mtalo and Wellington Masamba
Determination of Breakthrough Characteristics , Kinetics and Dose effect on Water
Defluoridation with Bauxite, Gypsum, Magnesite and their composite filter
CLEAN Journal: Soil, Air Water.
Development of affordable adsorbent systems for geogenic contaminant removal (2015-2020)
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Mtamba, Joseph Ochieng David (Civil and Water Resources Engineer)
P.O Box 35131,
DAR ES SALAAM
Phone:+255784635977
PROFESSIONAL SUMMARY
Registered Graduate Engineer
Civil and Water resources Engineer with 8 years experience in Civil Engineering, Environmental,
Water infrastructure planning and design. Projects planning, feasibility study, design and supervision.
Civil Engineering projects Construction supervision and Management. Community and donor funded
water supply and sanitation initiative planning, design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation.
Hydraulic and hydrological modeling in water resources management. Environmental impact
assessment of civil and water projects. GIS and remote sensing application in natural resources
management, planning and monitoring projects.
PEER REVIEW JOURNAL PUBLICATION
i. Mtamba, J.;Vander Velde, R.; Ndomba, P.M.; Zoltán, V; Mtalo, F.Use of Radarsat-2 and
Landsat TM images for Spatial Hydraulic Roughness Parametrization in Hydraulic
Modelling. Remote Sensing. 2014; 6(-).Under review
ii. McClain M.; Subalusky A.; Anderson E.; Dessu S.; Melesse A.; Ndomba P.; Mtamba J.;
Tamatamah R.; Mligo C. Comparing flow regime, channel hydraulics and biological
communities to infer flow-ecology relationships in the Mara River of Kenya and Tanzania,
Hydrological Sciences Journal2013 , DOI: 10.1080/02626667.2013.853121.
CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS
i. Mtamba, J.; Van der Velde, R.; Zoltan. V.; Azab, B., Ndomba, P.; Mtalo, F. Modelling
RiverHydrodynamic and Sediment Transport Processes in the Mara wetlands, Tiger
workshop 21-22 October, 2013, Tunis, Tunisia. (Oral presentation)
http://www.tiger.esa.int/PDF/news_45/29.pdf. This presentation is part of NBCBN-RE:
Hydrological and Environmental Aspects of Wetlands, Analytical tools for wetland
management Phase II.
ii. Mtamba, J.; Van der Velde, R.; Ndomba, P.; Zoltan. V.; Mtalo, F.; Crosato, A. Use of
Earth Observation data for Hydrodynamic Modeling in the Mara Wetlands Proceedings of
the living planet Symposium, SP-776, 9-13 September 2013, Edinburgh,UK. (Paper
presentation)
iii. Mtamba, J.; Van der Velde, R.; Ndomba, P.; Zoltan. V.; Mtalo, F.; Crosato, A. Flood
Mapping in the Mara Wetland for Ecosystem conservation, SP-776, 9-13 September 2013,
Edinburgh,UK. (Poster presentation). http://livingplanet2013.org/abstracts/850199.htm
iv. Mtamba, J. Social ecological functions of Mara wetlands and its relevance in supporting
livelihood economy. WWF workshop 21-22 August, 2013, Musoma, Tanzania. (Oral
presentation) This presentation was part of stakeholders meeting for preparation of Mau-
Mara-Serengeti Catchment management plan(MaMaSe)
v. Mtamba, J.O.D.; Ndomba, P. M.; Mtalo, F; Crosato, A. Hydraulic Study of Flood rating
Curve Development in the Lower Mara Basin. Presented at 4th International
Multidisciplinary Conference on Hydrology and Ecology (HydroEco 2013), May 2013,
Rennes, France. (poster presentation)
vi. Mtamba,J.O.D; Ndomba, P. M.; Mtalo, F; Crosato, A. Hydraulic Study of Flood rating
Curve Development in the Lower Mara Basin. Presented at 4th International
Multidisciplinary Conference on Hydrology and Ecology (HydroEco 2013), May 2013,
Rennes, France. (poster presentation)
vii. Mtamba, J.O.D., Ndomba P.M., Mtalo F. W. (2012).Wetland Change Detection using
Multi-temporal Remote Sensing Techniques. "4th Regional IHP Africa meeting jointly with
the conference on Water Science Policy and Governance in Africa”, 23-27 April 2012, Dar
Es Salaam- Kunduchi Beach Hotel & Resort
Development of affordable adsorbent systems for geogenic contaminant removal (2015-2020)
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viii. Mtamba, J.O.D., Ndomba P.M., Mtalo F. W. (2012).Application of Hydrodynamics in
Developing Theoretical Rating Curves for Ungaged Catchment. "4th Regional IHP Africa
meeting jointly with the conference on Water Science Policy and Governance in Africa”, 23-
27 April 2012, Dar Es Salaam- Kunduchi Beach Hotel & Resort
ix. Mwalwiba,G.L., Mtalo,F.W., Mtamba,J.O.D., Sullivan J.O., Purcell, P.J. (2012).
Understanding Unique Nature of Floodplains Wetland on heavy Metal Retention and
Sedimentation."4th Regional IHP Africa meeting jointly with the conference on Water
Science Policy and Governance in Africa”, 23-27 April 2012, Dar Es Salaam-Kunduchi
Beach Hotel & Resort.
RESEARCH BOOKS
1. Nitrogen Removal in a Coupled High Rate and Water Hyacinth Ponds. Bsc final year project,
2006, UDSM
2. Hydropower Production Simulation at Kihansi River, A Case Study of Lower Kihansi
Hydropower Project. Msc Dissertation,2006, UDSM
EDUCATION QUALIFICATION
i. Currently pursuing PhD in Hydrology and hydraulic modeling for
floodplain management
UDSM, 2010-to
date
ii. Msc in Water Resources Engineering UDSM, 2006
iii. Bsc in Civil and Water Resources Engineering UDSM, 2004
AFFILIATIONS
i. University of Dar es Salaam College of Engineering and technology-
UDSM
KEY SKILLS AND STRENGTH
i. Microsoft office application and Microsoft project 2007
ii. Structural design software: Master series software, Autodesk 2006, AutoCAD 2007&FRANK
– Frame analysis using computer
iii. Water resources software: EPANET, Water CAD design software, Stella, QUAL II modeling
software, GIS and Remote sensing software (ERDAS, ILWIS, ENVI, ESA toolboxes etc),
iv. Hydrological modeling software: Galway flow forecasting software, HEC- RAS&HBV-
Model, SWAT, LISFLOOD, MOHID GIS etc
v. Programming languages: Pascal, FORTRAN, Visual Basic & C++, MATLAB, partial
knowledge on current languages e.g IDL
vi. Various GIS and Remote sensing modelling softwares: ILWIS, ERDAS Imagine, ENVI,
ArcGIS 9-10, ESA softwares(NEST,BEAM)
vii. GIS based Hydraulic modelling softwares. LISFLOOD FP, DELFT 2/3D, HEC-GeoRAS,
FLOW2D, ISIS 1D/2D,River2D and TELEMAC -2D
PERSONAL DETAILS
Surname:MTAMBA First name: JOSEPH OCHIENG DAVID
Date of Birth:30/08/1975.
Age: 39 years Gender: Male Nationality: Tanzanian
Marital status: Married
Permanent address: Bwiri village, TARIME.
Current address: P. o Box 61998, Dar es Salaam.
Mobile: +255-784-635977,
E-mail: [email protected]
PERSONAL CERTIFICATION
I Joseph O.D. Mtamba certify that the information provided above are true to the best of
my knowledge
SignatureDate 12/11/2014
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Selected PUBLICATIONS
Prof. Prosun Bhattacharya
1. Selected Peer-reviewed articles (Selected publications from more than 126 articles)
Bhattacharya P., Naidu, R., Polya, D.A., Mukherjee, A., Bundschuh, J. & Charlet, L. (2014)
Arsenic in hydrological processes—sources, speciation, bioavailability and management.
Journal of Hydrology doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.09.017 (in press)
Bhattacharya, P., Hossain, M., Rahman, S.N., Robinson, C., Nath, B., Rahman, M., Islam, M.M.,
von Brömssen, M., Ahmed, K.M., Jacks, G., Chowdhury, D., Rahman, M., Jakariya, M.,
Persson, L.-Å.& Vahter, M. (2011) Temporal and seasonal variability of arsenic in drinking
water wells in Matlab, Southeastern Bangladesh: A preliminary evaluation on the basis of a 4
year study. J. Environ. Sci. Health, Part A 46(11): 1177-1184.
Bhattacharya, P., Welch, A.H., Stollenwerk, K.G., McLaughlin, M.J., Bundschuh, J. & Panaullah,
G. (2007) Arsenic in the Environment: Biology and Chemistry.Sc. of the Total Environ. 379:
109-120.
Bhattacharya, P., Welch, A.H., Ahmed, K.M., Jacks, G. & Naidu, R. (2004) Arsenic in
Groundwater of Sedimentary Aquifers Appl. Geochem. 19(2): 163-167.
2. Peer-reviewed conference contributions Ramanathan, AL, Kumar, A. & Bhattacharya, P. (2011) Arsenic contamination factors assesment
in the Middle Gangetic Plain using water quality and sediment speciation analysis. Geol. Soc.
Amer., Abstracts with Programs, 43(5): p. 338.
Mahanta, C., Sailo, L. & Bhattacharya, P. (2011) Sorption kinetics and surface complexation as
factors controlling release and mobilization of arsenic in parts of the Brahmaputra floodplains,
northeastern India: Geol. Soc. Amer., Abstracts with Programs, 43(5): p. 339.
Chatterjee, D., Kundu, A.K., Biswas, A., Halder, D., Bhattacharya, P., Bhowmick, S. &
Majumder, S. (2011) Arsenic in groundwater of young Bengal Delta sediment: its distribution
and geochemistry in shallow aquifer. Geol. Soc. Amer., Abstracts with Programs, 43(5): p.
339.
Jacks, K.G., Slejkovec, Z., Nilsson, E. & Bhattacharya, P. (2011) Arsenic in streams and lakes in
northern Sweden. Geol. Soc. Amer., Abstracts with Programs, 43(5): p. 339.
3. Review articles, book chapters, books
Book Chapters
Bhattacharya, P., Jacks, G., Nath, B., Chatterjee, D., Biswas, A., Halder, D., Majumder, S.,
Bhowmick, S. & Ramanathan, AL. (2010) Natural arsenic in coastal groundwaters in the
Bengal Delta Region in West Bengal, India. In: AL Ramanathan, P. Bhattacharya,T. Dittmar,
M.B.K. Prasad & B. Neupane (eds)Management and Sustainable Development of Coastal Zone
Environments. Springer/Capital Publishing Company, Dordrecht, The Netherlands/New Delhi,
India, pp. 146-161. (ISBN 978-90-481-3067-2).
Bundschuh, J., Litter, M.I., Bhattacharya, P. & Hoinkis, J. (2010) The global arsenic crisis—a
short introduction. In: N. Kabay, J. Bundschuh, B. Hendry, M. Bryjak, K. Yoshizuka, P.
Bhattacharya & S. Anac (eds.) The Global Arsenic Problem: Challenges for Safe Water
Production. Interdisciplinary Book Series: Arsenic in the Environment Volume 1, J.
Bundschuh & P. Bhattacharya (Series Editors), CRC Press/Balkema, Leiden, The Netherlands,
pp. 3-19. ISBN-13: 978-0-415-57521-8.
Bhattacharya, P., Bundschuh, J., von Brömssen, M., Hossain, M., Ahmed, K. M., Hoinkis, J. &
Litter, M. (2010) Arsenic contamination in groundwaters in Bangladesh and options of
sustainable drinking water supplies. In: N. Kabay, J. Bundschuh, B. Hendry, M. Bryjak, K.
Yoshizuka, P. Bhattacharya & S. Anac (eds.) The Global Arsenic Problem: Challenges for Safe
Water Production. Interdisciplinary Book Series: Arsenic in the Environment Volume 2, J.
Bundschuh & P. Bhattacharya (Series Editors), CRC Press/Balkema, Leiden, The Netherlands,
pp. 21-35. ISBN-13: 978-0-415-57521-8.
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Dabrowska, B., Vithanage, M., Gunaratna, K.R., Mukherjee, A.B. & Bhattacharya, P. (2012)
Bioremediation of arsenic in contaminated terrestrial and aquatic environment: A synoptic
review. In: Lichtfouse, E., Schwarzbauer, J. & Robert, D. (Eds.) Environmental Chemistry for
a Sustainable World: Volume 2: Remediation of Air and Water Pollution, Springer
Science+Business Media B.V., Dordrecht, The Netherlands. pp. 475-509.
Edited books
“The Global Arsenic Problem: Challenges for Safe Water Production”. N. Kabay, J. Bundschuh,
B. Hendry, M. Bryjak, K. Yoshizuka, P. Bhattacharya & S. Anac (eds.) Interdisciplinary Book
Series: “Arsenic in the Environment” Volume 1, Series Editors: Jochen Bundschuh and
Prosun Bhattacharya © 2010 CRC Press/Taylor and Francis (ISBN-13: 978-0-415-57521-8)
“Management and Sustainable Development of Coastal Zone Environments”.AL Ramanathan, P.
Bhattacharya, T. Dittmar, M.B.K. Prasad & B. Neupane (eds) © 2010 Springer/Capital
Publishing Company, Dordrecht, The Netherlands/New Delhi, India, ISBN 978-90-481-3067-
2, 277p.
“Arsenic in Geosphere and Human Diseases”. J.-S. Jean, J. Bundschuh & P. Bhattacharya
Interdisciplinary Book Series: “Arsenic in the Environment—Proceedings As 2010” Series
Editors: Jochen Bundschuh and Prosun Bhattacharya © 2010 CRC Press/Taylor and Francis
(ISBN-13: 978-0-415-57898-1)
“Arsenic in Geosphere and Human Diseases”. J.-S. Jean, J. Bundschuh & P. Bhattacharya
Interdisciplinary Book Series: “Arsenic in the Environment—Proceedings As 2010” Series
Editors: Jochen Bundschuh and Prosun Bhattacharya © 2010 CRC Press/Taylor and Francis
(ISBN-13: 978-0-415-57898-1)
Special Issues of Peer-reviewed journals
Guest Editor (The Science of the Total Environment) “Arsenic in Latin America, an unrevealed
continent: Occurrence, health effects and mitigation” Eds. Bundschuh, J., Litter, M. &
Bhattacharya, P.., July 2012 v. 429 (Special Section): 1-122.
Guest Editor (The Science of the Total Environment) “Arsenic in Latin America, an unrevealed
continent: Occurrence, health effects and mitigation” Eds. Bundschuh, J., Litter, M. &
Bhattacharya, P., July 2012 v. 429 (Special Section): 1-122.
Guest Editor (Journal of Hazardous Materials) “Arsenic Ecotoxicology: The Interface between
Geosphere, Hydrosphere and Biosphere” Eds. Bundschuh, J., Bhattacharya, P., Ng, J.,
Guilherme, L.R.G., Kim, K.-W., Naidu, R. & Jean, J.-S., November 2013, J. Hazard. Mat. v.
263 (Special Section): 883-1258.
4. Patents (give date and registration)
-
5. Open access computer programs that you have developed
-
6. Popular science articles/presentations
Nyteknik, 9th June 1999: Svenska forskare kan stoppa miljökatastrof: 70 miljoner människor i
Bangladesh dricker arsenikförgiftat vatten. featuring an interview with the applicant and the
KTH Arsenic Research Group by Per Westergård.
http://www.nyteknik.se/nyheter/innovation/forskning_utveckling/article4644.ece?service=print
Tidningen Vi, 22nd July 1999. När Djävulens Vatten Kom Ur Jorden. Featuring an interview and
reportage by Per Westergård. http://www.vi-tidningen.se/templates/ArticlePage.aspx?id=3344
Featured in the scientific documentary department of VRT, Belgium’s Dutch language public
broadcaster. Documentary on Natural arsenic poisoning in Bangladesh (December 2003)
Swedish Radio Program: Vetandets värld Arsenik i grund och botten transmitted in P1, SR, 16
February, 2005 on arsenic problem in groundwater of Bangladesh and Argentina.
http://www.sr.se/cgi-bin/isidorpub/PrinterFriendlyArticle.asp?ProgramID=412&artikel=558651
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TV-PROGRAM (Utbildningsradion UR): Vetenskap - Universum i provrör : Dödligt vatten
devised for Swedish University students in subject groups: Natural and Technical Sciences,
Medicine and Nursing and Chemistry. Produced by UR, 2006.
http://dmb.ur.se/mb/main?cmd=viewdetails&uri=http://www.ur.se/id/134021
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Selected PUBLICATIONS
Helfrid Schulte-Herbrüggen
1. Selected Peer-reviewed articles Rossiter HMA, Owusu PA, Awuah E, Macdonald AM, Schäfer AI. Chemical drinking water
quality in Ghana: water costs and scope for advanced treatment. Science of the Total
Environment 2010; 408: 2378-86.
Rossiter HMA, Graham MC, Schäfer AI. Impact of speciation on behaviour of uranium in a
solar powered membrane system for treatment of brackish groundwater.Separation and
Purification Technology 2010; 71: 89-96.
Semião AJC, Rossiter HMA, Schäfer AI. Impact of organic matter and speciation on the
behaviour of uranium in submerged ultrafiltration. Journal of Membrane Science 2010;
348: 174-180.
Schäfer AI, Rossiter HMA, Owusu PA, Richards BS, Awuah E. Physico-chemical water
quality in Ghana: Prospects for water supply technology implementation. Desalination
2009; 248: 193-203.
Richards LA, Richards BS, Rossiter HMA, Schäfer AI. Impact of speciation on fluoride,
arsenic and magnesium retention by nanofiltration/reverse osmosis in remote Australian
communities. Desalination 2009; 248: 177-183.Lakshmanan R, Rajarao G.K. 2014.
Effective water content reduction in sewage wastewater sludge using magnetic
nanoparticles. Bioresource Technol. 153: 333-339
2. Conference contributions
“Critical evaluation of available toxicity due to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in Indian
Sundarban mangrove wetland, a Unesco World Heritage Site”: Podium presentation at
University of Edinburgh Inaugural Conference Innovative Engagement for Sustainable
Development: the Edinburgh-India Story. (May 2014)
“Fluoride (F) metabolism and public health - a Question of DETAIL”, Bauru Dental
School, Brazil. Oral presentation: “Fluoride contaminated drinking water and its treatment”
(April 2014)
Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Glasgow, UK: “Building a better
future: Responsible innovation and environmental protection”. Conference assistant (2013).
The 13th Nordic Filtration Symposium and Network Young Membranes 2010,
Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland.Oral presentation.
Water and Sanitation in International Development and Disaster Relief, Edinburgh
University, UK. Actively involved in conference organization and gave poster
presentations (2008).
Development of affordable adsorbent systems for geogenic contaminant removal (2015-2020)
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ENCLOSURE 6 BUDGET
Budget Head Description
Total (SEK) Annual budget first 5 years period
2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2015-20
WRE-UDSM
I.1 Cost of PhD Curriculum Development PhD Curriculum Development 80,000 0 0 0 0 80,000
Sum I.1 (Cost of PhD Curriculum Development) 80,000 0 0 0 0 80,000
I.2 Cost of Training
I.2.1 Stipend for 4 PhD candidates in UDSM in Tanzania 60,000 60,000 60,000 60,000 60,000 300,000
I.2.2 Student Fees for 4 PhD students (Co-funding) 0 0 0 0 0 0
I.2.3 Allowances for visiting lecturers (from partner Swedish universities) 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 0 60,000
I.2.4 Funding for carrying out PhD and Masters projects
I.2.4.1 Consumables (e.g. chemicals, plastics, analysis kits, use of shared equipment, literature)
I.2.4.1.1 Gas for ICP-OES, TOC and IC: argon, nitrogen, helium, oxygen gas 50,000 100,000 120,000 120,000 50,000 440,000
I.2.4.1.2 Fluoride electrodes (5) 88,000 0 32,000 0 0 120,000
I.2.4.1.3 Field consumables (0,45µm filters (Sartorius) 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 0 60,000
I.2.4.1.4 As-speciation cartridges 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 0 60,000
I.2.4.1.5 Arsenic Field Test Kit 30,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 0 90,000
I.2.4.1.6 Consumables for other equipment 20,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 10,000 180,000
I.2.4.1.7 Chemical reagents, CDTA 30,000 75,000 75,000 60,000 20,000 260,000
I.2.4.1.8 Sampling bottles and labwares 30,000 50,000 50,000 35,000 10,000 175,000
I.2.4.1.9 Other small items (Glass bottles, vials, cold boxes, glove boxes etc.) 20,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 10,000 105,000
I.2.4.1.10 Certified Reference materials (Water and sediments) 0 30,000 20,000 0 0 50,000
I.2.4.1.11 Raw materials for lab and field tests and pilot plants 20,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 10,000 330,000
I.2.4.1.12 Membrane UP005P and UP010P 100,000 100,000 0 0 200,000
I.2.4.1.13 Stable Isotopes, Tracer tests 0 80,000 50,000 50,000 0 180,000
I.2.4.1.14 Desktop 5 data storage backup system etc 50,000 0 0 0 0 50,000
I.2.4.1.15 Softwares (ArcGIS, ILWIS, Aquachem, Surfer) 25,000 15,000 10,000 0 0 50,000
Development of affordable adsorbent systems for geogenic contaminant removal (2015-2020)
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I.2.4.1.16 Maps and Topographical shape 20,000 20,000 0 0 0 40,000
I.2.4.1.17 Google Earth Pro 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 50,000
I.2.4.1.18 Office materials 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 150,000
Sum of I.2.4.1 (Consumables) 553,000 635,000 722,000 530,000 150,000 2,590,000
I.2.4.2 Cost of field work (costs for local allowances and local travel in accordance with documented regulation of UDSM)
I.2.4.2.1 Field Vehicle 660,000 0 0 0 0 660,000
I.2.4.2.2 Drivers salary 51,780 51,780 51,780 51,780 51,780 258,900
I.2.4.2.3 Fuel costs 60,000 60,000 60,000 60,000 60,000 300,000
I.2.4.2.4 Field costs and lodging (Hotel etc.) including students, staff and local field assistants, communication 130,000 175,000 175,000 175,000 100,000 755,000
Sum of I.2.4.2 (Cost of Field Work) 901,780 286,780 286,780 286,780 211,780 1,973,900
I.2.4.3 Cost of Publications
I.2.4.3.1 Fee for open acesss publication 0 54,000 72,000 54,000 54,000 234,000
I.2.4.3.2 Conference Abstract Submissions 1,000 3,000 5,000 5,000 4,000 18,000
Sum of I.2.4.3 (Cost of Publications) 1,000 57,000 77,000 59,000 58,000 252,000
Total I.2 (Cost of Training) 1,530,780 1,053,780 1,160,780 950,780 479,780 5,175,900
I.3. Allowances and per Diem
I.3.1 Allowances and per diem for UDSM PI and co-PI for field work 30000 36000 36000 36000 36000 174,000
I.3.2 Allowances and per diem for UDSM PhD students for field work 36000 36000 36000 36000 0 144,000
I.3.3 Allowances and per diem for UDSM PI and co-PI for meetings at KTH and conferences 16,800 33,600 33,600 33,600 33,600 151,200
Total I.3 (Allowances and per diem PI-Co-PI and MSc Students) 82,800 105,600 105,600 105,600 69,600 469,200
I.4. Costs related to research supporting components
I.4.1 Cost of annual planning meeting (as part of this project component) 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 100,000
I.4.2 Equipment
I.4.2.1 ICP-OES Thermo Fisher iCAP 6300 720,000 0 0 0 0 720,000
I.4.2.2 Total Organic Carbon analyser 240,000 0 0 0 0 240,000
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I.4.2.3 Dionex Ion Chromatograph 200 250,000 0 0 0 0 250,000
I.4.2.4 Programmable Furnace for calcination 0 100,000 0 0 0 100,000
I.4.2.5 Grinding equipment (Ball mill) 0 50,000 0 0 0 50,000
Sum I.4.2 (Equipment) 1,210,000 150,000 0 0 0 1,360,000
I.4.3 Maintenance
I.4.3.1 Service Contract on ICP 0 0 85,000 0 0 85,000
I.4.3.2 Consumables ICP-OES (tubings, nebulizer etc.), TOC, and Dionex IC (columns and guard) 0 24,000 57,000 24,000 10,000 115,000
I.4.3.3 Service Contract on ICP-OES, TOC and Dionex IC 0 0 85,000 50,000 0 135,000
I.4.3.4 Upgading the laboratory facilities at WRE and Gordoto Defluoridisation Research Station (See section 2.1 of project description)
20,000 0 0 0 0 20,000
Sum I.4.3 (Maintainance) 20,000 24,000 227,000 74,000 10,000 355,000
I.4.5 Training
I.4.5.1 Short courses-Membrane science and technology, scientific writing skills, and Grant writing 15,000 15,000 15,000 10,000 0 55,000
I.4.5.2 Operations and maintainance of laboratory equipments, Technician Training 25,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 65,000
Sum I.4.5 (Training) 40,000 25,000 25,000 20,000 10,000 120,000
Sum I.4. (Costs related to research supporting components) 1,290,000 219,000 272,000 114,000 40,000 1,935,000
I.5. Cost of travel abroad
I.5.1 Airfare
I.5.1.1 Airfare (Dar es Salaam-Stockholm, PhD students, once a year), 4 years, and conferences 32,000 32,000 44,000 44,000 38,000 190,000
I.5.1.2 Airfare (Dar es Salaam-Stockholm, PI and Co PI, once per year and for PhD Defense 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 80,000
I.5.1.3 Airfare (fromDar es Salaam-, PI and Co PI, once per year for conference participation 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 75,000
Sum I.5.1 (Airfare) 63,000 63,000 75,000 75,000 69,000 345,000
I.5.2 Insurance
I.5.2.1 Insurance 4 PhD students, once a year, 4 years 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 50000
I.5.2.2 Insurance PI and Co-PI from UDSM 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 20000
Sum I.5.2 (Insurance) 14,000 14,000 14,000 14,000 14,000 70,000
I.5.3 Visa
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I.5.3.1 Visa PhD students, once a year, 4 years 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 20000
I.5.3.2 Visa PI and Co-PI from UDSM 0 2000 2000 2000 2000 8000
Sum I.5.3 (Visa) 4,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 28,000
Sum I.5 (Costs of travel abroad) 81,000 83,000 95,000 95,000 89,000 443,000
I.6 Indirect Costs for carrying out the programme
I.6. Indirect costs-UDSM Overhead 367,750 175,366 196,006 151,846 81,406 972,372
GRAND TOTAL UDSM (SEK) 3,432,330 1,636,746 1,829,386 1,417,226 759,786 9,075,472
II. KTH Royal Institute of Technology (Costs for “sandwich” doctoral training in Sweden)
II.1 Supervision in Sweden
II.1.1 Salary Costs 700,000 700,000 700,000 700,000 700,000 3,500,000
II.1.2 Visits to WRE-UDSM 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 500,000
Sum of II.1 (Supervision in Sweden) 800,000 800,000 800,000 800,000 800,000 4,000,000
II.2 Cost per student while in Sweden 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 1,000,000
GRAND TOTAL KTH (SEK) 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 5,000,000
III. ISP Budget (Subsistence allowance for 4 sandwich PhD Students)
Subsistence allowance for 4 PhD candidates in Sweden (ISP) 384,000 384,000 384,000 384,000 384,000 1,920,000
GRAND TOTAL ISP (SEK) 384,000 384,000 384,000 384,000 384,000 1,920,000
GRANT REQUESTED FROM Sida (SEK) 4,817,000 3,021,000 3,213,000 2,801,226 2,801,000 15,996,000
Project number: 2235
Development of affordable adsorbent systems for arsenic
and fluoride removal in the drinking water sources in
Tanzania (DAFWAT)
Budget justification The total budget for the program is estimated to be 16 M SEK for years between 2015 and
2020. The Department of Water Resources Engineering at the UDSM has a budget of 9.1
MSEK, Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science (SEED) at KTH has
a budget to cover the costs of research supervision and the sandwich students while in Sweden
amounting to 5M SEK and a budget of 1.92 MSEK for the International Science Program
(ISP) for the subsistence allowance for the 4 sandwich doctoral students when in Sweden.
Table 1. Summary budget for the project 2235:Development of affordable adsorbent
systems for arsenic and fluoride removal in the drinking water sources in Tanzania
(DAFWAT)
2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2015-20
I WRE-UDSM
GRAND TOTAL UDSM (SEK) 3 432 300 1 636 700 1 829 400 1 417 200 759 800 9 075 400
II. KTH Royal Institute of Technology (Costs for “sandwich” doctoral training in Sweden)
GRAND TOTAL KTH (SEK) 1 000 000 1 000 000 1 000 000 1 000 000 1 000 000 5 000 000
III. ISP Budget (Subsistence allowance for 4 sandwich PhD Students)
GRAND TOTAL ISP (SEK) 384 000 384 000 384 000 384 000 384 000 1 920 000
GRANT REQUESTED FROM Sida (SEK) 4 816 300 3 020 700 3 213 400 2 801 200 2 143 800 15 995 400
Description Total (SEK)Annual budget first 5 years period
Budget Head
WRE-UDSM I.1 Curriculum Development The modest budget of 80 KSEK has been allocated for covering the costs for curriculum
development at WRE-UDSM, which includes the costs for 3 workshops training during
2015-2016.
I.2 Costs for Training 4 PhD students A budget of 5.18 MSEK has been allocated to cover the costs for training of PhD (and MSc
students) in this program during the period 2015-2020. The overall budget has been divided
into four headings and the costs are divided among five budget years depending on the
activities and the specific needs.This includes the costs related stipends to the candidates and a
budget of 300 KSEK to be incurred during their work at the WRE-UDSM, amounting to 60
KSEK per year.A budget of 60 KSEK is been proposed for the period 2015-2019 15 KSEK
per year to cover the costs of the visiting lecturers for the courses including the preparation of
lectures notes and handouts and compendium at WRE-UDSM. As part of the training, water
samples will be collected, both in the field, in pilot plants and during experiments for basic
water quality parameters and the analysis will be performed at UDSM and KTH. Pilot scale
defluoridation experiments will be performed in the Ngurdoto Defluoridisation Research
Station (NDRS) and accessories such as pumps, membranes and raw materials will be
procured.
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The budget includes all the costs for the field work and the cost for equipment and the
travel.The requested funding for carrying out the PhD (and MSc) projects include, i)
consumables for the research activities, e.g. chemicals, plastics, analysis kits, use of shared
equipment, literature, argon, nitrogen, helium, oxygen gasfor ICP-OES, TOC and IC, tubing,
nebulizer spares for ICP-OES, Fluoride electrodes, field consumables such as 0,45µm filters,
As-speciation cartridges, consumables for other equipments, chemical reagents, CDTA,
bottles and labwares for sampling and preservation, cold boxes, glove boxes etc.). Certified
Reference materials (Water and sediments), raw materials for lab and field tests and pilot
plants, Membranes UP005P and UP010P, stable isotopes and tracer tests, 5 desktop
computers and data storage backup systems, softwares such as ArcGIS, ILWIS, Aquachem,
Surfer, maps and Topographical shape, Google Earth Pro and office materials (2.6 MSEK), ii)
costs of field work and following the suggestion of the reviewers, we have allocated budget
for a field vehicle and included the costs for the salary of the driver and fuel (1.22 MSEK)
which is cheaper than the envisaged hiring of field vehicles in the long run and costs for field
logistics and field assistants and communications (755 KSEK), iv) cost of publications
include fee for open access publication and conference abstracts amounting to 252 KSEK.
I.3. Allowances and per Diem A budget of 475 KSEK has been proposed for the allowances and per Diem. 225 KSEK (36
KSEK/year) has been allocated for the costs for allowances and per diem for UDSM PI and
co-PI for field work for a maximum period of 60 days/year, 144 KSEK (36 KSEK/year for the
period 2015-2020) towards allowances and per diem for UDSM PhD students for field work
for a maximum period of 90 days/year, and 151 KSEK towards the allowances and per diem
for UDSM PI and co-PI for meetings at KTH and presentation of the research results in
conferences.
I.4. Costs related to research supporting components The total budget for the costs related to the research support component is estimated to be
1.93 MSEK which includes cost of annual planning meetings for smooth execution of the
research training activities, we have a allocated a small budget of 20 KSEK to cover the cost
of annual planning meeting for this project component amounting to a total of 100 KSEK
during the period 2015-2020), procurements of equipment such as ICP-OES, Total Organic
Carbon analyser, Dionex Ion Chromatograph 200 for strengthening the research infrastructure
(1.21 MSEK) and other small laboratory equipments such as Programmable Furnace for
calcination and Grinding equipment budgeted for 2016-17 (150 KSEK) , maintenance,
including a Service Contracts and consumables such as tubings, nebulizer for ICP-OES and
TOC, and columns and guard for Dionex IC, costs for upgading the laboratory facilities at
WRE and field research station at Ngurdoto-Arusha amounting to a total sum of 355 KSEK.
The costs of training components including short courses-Membrane science and technology,
scientific writing skills, and Grant writing, as well as Technician training for Operations and
maintenance of laboratory equipments is budgeted for 120 KSEK.
I.5. Cost of travel abroad We have budgeted for Airfare (Dar es Salaam-Stockholm-Dar es Salaam) for 4 PhD students,
once a year), and attending conferences and a budget of 190 KSEK has been allocated for the
overall travels for the PhD students during the training period. Additionally as a bilateral visit
a sum of 16 KSEK per year is allocated for airfare between Dar es Salaam-Stockholm-Dar es
Salaam for the PI and Co PI and additional travel costs of maximum15 KSEK per year is
budgeted for participation for two people in international conferences. The total budget
including the costs for Visa and insurance, the total costs for travel abroad is 443 KSEK for
the entire project period.
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I.6 Indirect Costs for carrying out the programme The Indirect costs include a flat rate of 12% of the total budget for UDSM as institutional cost
and amounts to 972 KSEK for the entire project period.
II. KTH Royal Institute of Technology (Costs for “sandwich”
doctoral training in Sweden) The budget for KTH includes the costs for project implementation through research
supervision in Sweden involving salary, visits to WRE-UDSM and cost per student while in
Sweden at the rate of 250 KSEK per doctoral students. We have budgeted for 4 PhD training
students for a budget of 5 MSEK for a period of 5 years.
III. ISP Budget (Subsistence allowance for 4 sandwich PhD
Students) The total budget for subsistence allowance for 4 PhD candidates in Sweden for ISP is 1.92
MSEK.
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ENCLOSURE 7
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ENCLOSURE 8
This group was not part of the previous SIDA supported
research at UDSM. Therefore, there is no ENCLOSURE 8.