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Development of Competency Based Training in Europe EATS Oct 2014 Thomas Leoff
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Page 1: Development of Competency Based Training in Europe · PDF fileDevelopment of Competency Based Training in Europe ... Rulemaking for competency based training in ... ATPL/MPL Ground

Development of Competency

Based Training in Europe

EATS Oct 2014

Thomas Leoff

Page 2: Development of Competency Based Training in Europe · PDF fileDevelopment of Competency Based Training in Europe ... Rulemaking for competency based training in ... ATPL/MPL Ground

Presentation Outline

1. Setting the scene: global training challenges and ICAO´s and IATA´s requirement for competency based training

2. Competency Based Training aspects and examples

3. The Performance-Based Environment

4. A new approach to the training system and stakeholder roles

5. Rulemaking for competency based training in Europe

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1. Global Training Challenges

� Industry growth and experience

loss

�New and emerging technology,

increased automation

�The need for effective Crew

Resource Management

�Threat and Error Management

�Growing threats from growth and

complexity of the system

IATA predicts that accident rates will

increase if countermeasures

including appropriate training are

not put in place.

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1. Global Training Challenges

• Outdated training

�Global civil aviation community accepts, that ab-initio training

requires updating to equip pilots with the Knowledge, Skills and

Attitude (KSA), that the airline industry needs today.

• IATA MPL guidance material concludes that new actions

are needed:

�To embed TEM and CRM in all phases of training

�To transfer appropriate Knowledge, Skills and Attitude (KSA)

competencies to students throughout ab-initio training

�To develop a data driven, output based training process

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1. ATPL/MPL Ground Training Today

Driven by:

� the ATO and candidate focusing on

multiple choice exams which:

� only test a narrow range of outdated

‘define’, ‘state’ and ‘find’ LOs, and/or

� measure a candidate´s ability to rote

learn a question bank

� encourage an attitude that guessing is

expected and acceptable

� No requirement to train or assess to

present industry needs.

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2. Competency based training-courses

� ATOs need to provide competency based courses for

CPL, IR, ATPL and MPL that:

� facilitate understanding and application of knowledge

� interweave TEM and CRM

� instill professional attitudes and develop soft-, cognitive-and practical skills

� are data driven

� qualify pilots to perform at least to the required standard across the range of competencies

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2. CBT-Instructors/assessors

� ATOs must provide instructor and assessor training,

assessment and qualifications which:

� Ensures the instructor/assessor has the knowledge, skills and

attitudinal competencies required for that phase of training

� Develops the instructor’s instructional competencies required

to deliver the stated phase of an ATO’s competency based

course

� Assesses and qualifies the instructor to deliver the stated

phase of an ATO’s competency based course

� Provides assessor training, assessment and qualification,

including inter rater reliability, for every phase of an ATO’s

competency based course

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2. CBT – The need for data

� Data is essential to enable ATOs to develop

courses based on systems design methodology

and work within a Performance Based Environment

(PBE)

�Training needs analysis

�Emerging negative trends

�Feedback on generic and individual course

output

� Ideally, a resourced, independent shared repository

for collection, analysis and distribution for data

would be created

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2. CBT- obtaining data

� Data required from:

� All stages of ATO training, type and line training

� LOSA, FODA or any other kind of FMD from operators

� Occurrence, Incident and Accident Reports

� Data from other aviation areas such as Engineering and ATC,

� University and Industry research

� Managed in a central repository by EASA/qualified

entity

� to be freely available to ATOs and NAAs for course

design and oversight

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2. SAMSYS ProjectQuantitative risk assessment and their protective measures in aviation

� Research Project on quantitative measurement of risk

� Cooperation between German Universities and

Lufthansa

� Development of valid Safety Performance Indicators

� Development and validation of counter measures

� Focus on pilot´s manual flying skills

� Randomly chosen pilots as a representative sample

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SAMSYS - Safety Performance Index (SPI)Quantitative risk assessment and their protective measures in aviation

11

Institute of Strategic Management

Institute of Flight System Dynamics

Institute of Ergonomics

Institute for Production an Logistics GmbH affiliated institute at the University of Bremen

Software Development

Section Operation / Safety

Project Leader

Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics

Chair of Flight Guidance & Air Transportation

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eye tracking camera

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1. flight deck camera

2. Infrared camera for side stick handling

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29.10.2014

Seite 16

Bitte diesen Text mit dem Präsentationstitel überschreiben

Deutsche Lufthansa AG

Recommendations SAMSYS I Simulator -Experiments

Additional Simulator-Training is required:

� Normal Type Rating is not sufficient:

� Side-Stick Handling

� Manual Flying Skills (e.g. raw data flying,

basic pitch and power)

� Landing technique (turbulence, crosswind, gusty wind)

� Go Around Training (pitch-up illusion)

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2. Key components for CBT

� A considerably broader training and assessment

system, that is:

� constructed and developed using systems design

methodology

� enabled through a performance-based

environment

� data driven to meet the wider range of KSA

competencies that fulfill the real qualification

requirements

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2. Systems approach to course design

Needs Analysis& Data

Task Analysis

Trainee Population

Define Objectives

Design Course

Produce Course

Deliver Course

Evaluate Outcomes

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3. Performance-Based Environment (PBE)

� Performance Based Environment (PBE) would

enable effective, flexible, evolving, high quality

training and comprehensive assessment based on

industry training needs-, risk- and safety analysis.

Systems design approach to course development

+

Competency based training

+

ATO Compliance and mature SMS with focus on

training outcome

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3. Oversight of ATOs in a PBE

� PBE will require new systems and skills for ATOs,

Instructors, Assessors and Regulators

� Oversight by

� Competent authority, or

� A suitable Qualified Entity

� Eases oversight burden on NAAs which may have

insufficient resources

� An independent, dedicated organisation

specialising in the performance-based monitoring

of ATOs

� Could also take the function as data repository

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4. Stakeholders in an evolving training system

� ATOs develop courses through a systems design

methodology which includes output feedback

� EASA/NAAs to establish an enabling PBE

� Qualified Entities to support the NAAs/EASA to provide

expertise and effective and efficient oversight

ATOsEBT/CBT Courses, SMS, Data Provider

OrganisationICAO, IATA, IPTC, IAAPS,

Guidance Materials, Research

IndustryData Provider, TNA,

Feedback, Reports & FDM

ICAO / EASA / NAAs

PBE, Data Provider, SSP

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5. Rulemaking in Europe must:

� Set the scene/rules for the new competency based

training system including oversight

� Require each ATO to:

�Be at the centre of a dynamic and data driven training

system, which determines its own goals and valid

performance indicators to verify the achievement of the

goals

�Be responsible for it’s course design and quality of pilot

output through a demonstratively effective SMS and

compliance monitoring system

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5. Next action items for EASA

� Include competency based training elements in the

review of Sub-Parts J and K of Part FCL

� Prepare instructors and examiners for competency

based training

� Create a qualified entity for the oversight of complex

ATOs

� Coordinate and monitor the implementation of SSPs

and their integration in the EASP

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EATS Oct. 2014

Thank you

for your attention!

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References and contacts

� IAAPS website: http://www.iaaps.info/

� EASA paper on PBE: http://easa.europa.eu/system/files/dfu/Report%20A%20Harmonised%20European%2

0Approach%20to%20a%20Performance%20Based%20Environment.pdf

� SAMSYS (TU MUC et al im coop with DLH study): http://www.lfe.mw.tum.de/projects/samsys-safety-management-system-zur-

verbesserung-der-flugsicherheit/


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