Development of EMQ module for New Psychoactive substances. The Spanish experienceThe Spanish experience

Prevalence and patterns of drug use among general population. GPS

Indicator. Annual Expert Meeting 2013. 18-19 June 2013 - EMCDDA (Lisbon)

Spanish Observatory on Drugs

Julia Gonzalez

Rosario Sendino

Noelia Llorens

Begoña Brime

Aurora Ruiz

Elena Alvarez (speaker)

Source: « Drug Web »

Let's start ASKING some questionsLet's start ASKING some questions……

Purpose of the talk

� Do we need info on New Drugs?� What is the objective of collecting this info?

� Which method and sources of info can we use?-core module in general population surveys-

� What do Spanish result show?

� Do we need info on New Drugs?� What is the objective of collecting this info?

� Which method and sources of info can we use?-core module in general population surveys-

� What do Spanish result show?

� INFORMATION: To present the Spanish experience in monitoring New Psychoactive Drug (NSD) using surveys. Methods & results.

� THOUGHT: Share ours feelings on the proposed module…

Multiples sources of information Multiples sources of information �������� SURVEYSSURVEYS

TREATMENT DEMAND

National

DRUG RELATED

MORTALITY

National

DRUG RELATED

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

National-CENTRAL

DRUG RELATED

EMERGENCIES

National

PROBLEMATIC DRUG USE

National- Central

GENERAL POPULATION

SURVEY

15-64 y.o. (GPS) National

STUDENTS SURVEY

14-18 y. o. National

OTHERS SURVEYS

National

EARLY WARNING SYSTEM

National

Spanish Observatory of Drugs sources

Different objectives����

different sources and methods

NEW INDICATORS

Household Survey on Alcohol and Drugs in Spain. 2011.

Biennial series 1995-2013Legal & illegal drugsReference Population: 15- 64 y. o. Sample size (20-30,000). N= 22,128 in 2011NEW DRUGS MODULE included

State Survey on Drug Use among Secondary School Students. 2010 & 2011

Biennial series 1994-2012. Legal & illegal drugsReference Population: 14-18 y. o. students Sample size (20-35,000). N= 31,967 in 2010NEW DRUGS MODULE included

Multiples sources of information Multiples sources of information �������� SURVEYSSURVEYS

Spanish Observatory of Drugs sources

� Periodic and long series:

biennale from 1994-2010.

� Big sample: 20,000 a 30,000

� Complete questionnaire (50 min): basic + special modules. International comparability.

� Periodic and long series:

biennale from 1994-2010.

� Big sample: 20,000 a 30,000

� Complete questionnaire (50 min): basic + special modules. International comparability.

Let's focus in surveys

GENERAL POPULATION

SURVEY

15-64 y.o. (GPS) National

STUDENTS SURVEY

14-18 y. o. National

We must have a clear OBJECTIVEWe must have a clear OBJECTIVE

Spanish Observatory of Drugs sources

European module

common criteria and comparability

Objective of ND module in Spain:

Information related to New Drug for policies-decisions.

Prevalence, pattern of use, profile of users, perceived risk, perceived

availability, channels through which people were informed about

NPS and channels through which people would like to be informed

about NPS, ways of obtaining NPS, cross with other variables….

Questions contents

Selected Drugs

Periodicity

Some METHODOLOGY aspects Some METHODOLOGY aspects

New Drug Module

SPAIN. STUDENTS 2010 – 3Q (57 items)- Prevalence. lifetime, last year, last month.

- Never heard of the substance

- Perceived risk and availability

Questions contents

Selected DrugsSelected Drugs

PeriodicityPeriodicity

SPAIN GPS 2011-6Q (113 items)- Channels which people were informed & would like to be informed

SPAIN STUDENTS 2012-4Q (97 items)- Ways of obtaining

Some METHODOLOGY aspects Some METHODOLOGY aspects

New Drug Module

EMQ

� Prevalence any ND: lifetime, last year.Specific drug: life time, last year last month

� Appearance/form, last year. � Ways of obtaining (last year)

Students 14-18 y.o� Ketamine� Spice� Mephedrone� 2CB-Nexus� Piperazines� Metamphetamine� Magic Mushrooms� Research Chemicals� Legal Highs� GHB included since 2006

GPS 15-64 y.oSame as in ESTUDES +

� Sage & Anabolic Steroids

� GHB included since 2007

Questions contentsQuestions contents

Selected Drugs

PeriodicityPeriodicity

Some METHODOLOGY aspects Some METHODOLOGY aspects

New Drug Module

EMQ

� Adapt to each country. Specific names.

� Proposed list

Questions contentsQuestions contents

Selected DrugsSelected Drugs

PeriodicityPeriodicityShould we include NPS module

every survey round (2y),

every 2 rounds (4y)?..

Some METHODOLOGY aspects Some METHODOLOGY aspects

New Drug Module

EMQ

� Adapt to each country

� Reporting to the EMCDDA.

Student Survey (14-18 y.o). Spain 2010.

Main RESULTS of Spanish surveysMain RESULTS of Spanish surveys

3,93,5

2,6 2,5 2,3

1,0

33,0

75,1 39,8

10,4

2,1

1,1 1,10,8 0,7 0,5 0,4 0,4 0,4

0

2

4

6

8

10

Alcohol

Tabaco

Cannab

is

Hipno

seda

ntes (S

R)Coca

ína

Alucinó

geno

sAnf

etam

inasÉxta

sis

Inha

lable

s Volá

tiles

Setas

mág

icas

Spice

Ketam

inaHero

ína

Met

anfe

tam

inaLe

gal H

ighs

Nexus

Mef

edro

naPipe

razin

as

Research

Che

mica

ls

alguna vez en la vida

último año

último mes

30% Continuity

sporadic use (life time) ���� habitual use (last month)

Last year

Life time

Last month

Life time new drugs

Mag

icsm

ushr

oom

s

General Population Survey (15-64 y.o). Spain 2011

76,640,211,4

9,6

2,3

0,7 0,6 0,4 0,4 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0

0,0

2,0

4,0

6,0

8,0

10,0

12,0

Alc

oh

ol

Tob

ac

co

Se

da

tiv

es

an

d/o

r

Ca

nn

ab

is

Co

ca

ine

Ec

sta

sy

Am

ph

eta

min

es

Ha

lluc

ino

ge

ns

Ma

gic

mu

shro

om

s

Ke

tam

ine

Sa

ge

Me

tam

ph

eta

min

e

So

lve

nts

or

Sp

ice

He

roin

An

ab

olic

ste

roid

s

2C

-B

Me

ph

ed

ron

e

Pip

era

zin

es

Leg

al H

igh

s

Re

sea

rch

Last year ND

prevalence are

below 0,4 %.

0,0

1,0

2,0

3,0

4,0

5,0

6,0

15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64

Magic mushroomsKetamineSageSpiceMetamphetamineAnabolic steroids2C-BMephedronePiperazinesResearch chemicalsLegal highs

Main RESULTS of Spanish surveysMain RESULTS of Spanish surveys

Last year prevalence (%)

- Information about ND: 14% obtain from peers. 40% would like information thought media

- Ways of obtaining ND: >50% from peers. 1.4% thought internet

- Risk perception: 50% students don't know risk (20-35% of users)

30% students= sporadic use do not cause problems.

- Availability: easy 30-50% student ( 50% magic mushroom).

Availability, risk perception, ways of obtaining, etc.

Main RESULTS of Spanish surveysMain RESULTS of Spanish surveys

New drugs are NOT a current major problem in Spain: Alcohol, cannabis

and cocaine are! Availability of “classic” drugs? legislation? fashion?

Profile: men. 25-34 y.o. “drug-specialist” in the context of polidrug use (99%

student used other drugs)

Lack of information: 50-60% of the Spanish population haven't heard about

ND (should they?) and many of those who do know about them are not

aware of the associated risks... (they should)

� It is useful to have information related to new drugs

� The objective is to have more info for policy-decision

� There are different methods and sources of information

� Early warning system

� Triangulation of information

� Surveys is a possible tool: available and robust.

Some limitation… but can answer some question related to new drugs.

� A common module is a good start. Comparability.

� Prevalence + way of obtaining + ?

� Flexibility for type of drug and periodicity

� Result in Spain are useful and we plan to do it periodical

Concluding…

Let's finish ANSWERING some questionsLet's finish ANSWERING some questions……

SpanishSpanish ObservatoryObservatory onon DrugsDrugs

www.pnsd.mspsi.escendocupnd@mspsi.es

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