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Development of New
and Renewable Energy
Sources In Indonesia: In
Sight of Biomasses Base
Utilization
Dr. Dwi Susilaningsih
Research Center for Biotechnology, Indonesia Institute of
Sciences
Jl Raya Bogor Km 46 Cibinong Bogor Indonesia 16911
Tel. +62-21-8754587 Fax. +62-21-8754588
Email; [email protected] or
Website;http://www.biotek.lipi.go.id
LIPI11-A5.0
SALAM 2 JAKARTA 2012-Dec-13
OUTLINE
I. PREFACE
II. 1st GENERATION OF RNE
III. 2nd GENERATION OF RNE
IV. 3rd GENERATION OF RNE
V. CLOSING REMARK
I. PREFACE
ENERGY: Ancient Greek: ἐνέργεια energeia "activity, operation" is an indirectly
observed quantity that is often understood as the ability of a physical system to
do work on other physical systems. However in the new term its including the
chemical, thermodynamic and biological system.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY: is the sustainable provision of energy that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to
meet their needs. It consist the whole aspects of social live style( green living),
technology, green environment (Clean Air Policy, Climate Change, Ecology),
energy security and renewable energy sources.
ALTERNATIVE ENERGY: is any energy source that is an alternative to fossil
fuel.
BIOENERGY: is renewable energy made available from materials derived from
biological sources. Continue
NRE & The Development
Energy generation (technology); First-generation technologies, which are already
mature and economically competitive, include biomass, hydroelectricity,
geothermal power and heat. Second-generation technologies are market-ready
and are being deployed at the present time; they include solar heating,
photovoltaics, wind power, solar thermal power stations, and modern forms of
bioenergy. Third-generation technologies require continued R&D efforts in order
to make large contributions on a global scale and include advanced biomass
gasification, biorefinery technologies, hot-dry-rock geothermal power, and ocean
energy.
Product Bioenergy (Fuel); First-generation biofuels, primarily consisting of
ethanol and biodiesel, are derived from sugars, starches, and oils, and the crops
used to create these fuels compete with food crops for the use of agricultural
land and water. Second-generation biofuel production is that focus on the
extraction of energy from lignocellulosic biomass sources. Third-generation
biofuels are derived from microalgae and cyanobacteria. Forth-generation is the
biofuel derivate from the molecular engineering materials.
By 2050, one-third of the world's energy will need to come from solar, wind, and other renewable resources.
II. 1st GENERATION OF BIOFUEL
http://biofuelindonesia.blogspot.com/
Biofuel adalah setiap bahan bakar baik padatan, cairan ataupun gas yang dihasilkan dari bahan-bahan organik (tanaman, hewan dan mikroba). Biofuel dapat dihasilkan secara langsung (proses fotosintesa atau metabolisme) atau secara tidak langsung dari limbah industri, komersial, domestik atau pertanian. Ada beberapa cara untuk pembuatan biofuel seperti ekstraksi langsung dari tanaman (jarak, nyamplung, sawit); proses fisika seperti pembakaran limbah organik kering (seperti buangan rumah tangga, limbah industri dan pertanian); dan fermentasi seperti fermentasi limbah basah (seperti kotoran hewan) tanpa oksigen untuk menghasilkan biogas(mengandung hingga 60 persen metana), atau fermentasi tebu atau jagung untuk menghasilkan alkohol dan ester; dan tanaman hutan (menghasilkan kayu dari tanaman yang cepat tumbuh sebagai bahan bakar).
Continue
Biofuel Development
• Palm
• Jatropha
• Sugarcane
• Cassava
• Microalgae
Source : Dept. ESDM
Continue
BIOFUEL DEVELOPMENT
PROGRESS Availability of Biofuel Development Blue Print
Availability of Biofuel Development Regulations
Biodiesel (B-5), has been sold in 20 gas stations in Jakarta and 12 gas stations in Surabaya
Bioethanol (E-5), which is known as Bio-Premium has been sold in Malang and Jakarta. Started December 2006 Bio-Pertamax has been sold in 1 gas station in Jakarta
Started of Energy Self Sufficient Village using Biofuel
Commitments of Investosr to develop Biofuel (January 2007)
Biofuel Producers, among others :
- PT. Eterindo Jawa Timur
- PT. Molindo Raya
- PT. Lampung Destileri
- PT. Energi Alternatif Indonesia
- PT. Sumi Asih
- PT. Platinum
- PT. Wilmar Bioenergi Indonesia
Continue
Development of 2nd Generation of Bioethanol:
Cellulose-based Ethanol
Biology of bioconversion of solar energy into biofuels.
Solar energy is collected by plants via photosynthesis and stored as lignocellulose.
Decomposition of the cellulosic material into simple 5- and 6-carbon sugars is achieved
by physical and chemical pretreatment, followed by exposure to enzymes from biomass
-degrading organisms. The simple sugars can be subsequently converted into fuels by
microorganisms.
Source: http://www.nature.com/scitable/
III. 2nd Biofuel Generation • Second generation biofuels are broadly speaking the biofuel technologies still in
the pipeline. It is these sustainable biofuels that will provide the source for the
future. Some of the new technologies focus on increasing yields from plant-
derived fuels; others look at the application of microbiological research to
improve energy efficiency and range of renewable feedstocks for biofuel
production. The Biofuel Research Centre focuses on 2nd Generation biofuels
produced by microbial fermentation of non-food crops. These carbon-rich
lignocellulosic materials are renewable and widely available. Sources include
agricultural waste such as corn stover, straw and bagasse; industrial waste such
as sawdust and paper pulp; woody biomass from forestry; municipal solid waste
including household food and garden waste and paper products; and specific
non-food energy crops such as switchgrass.
• Conversion of lignocellulosic biomass is attractive and even more so if biomass
which is otherwise regarded as waste can be used as the substrate. In this case,
the overall energy yield and carbon footprint will be improved compared to first
generation biofuels as there is no need to cultivate and harvest the crops. How
we best harness this energy stored within lignocelluloses may provide the
solution for biofuels in the future.
Continue
Biomass
Pretreatment :
Bio-treatment
Chemical treatment
Steam treatment
Lignin
18-25 %
Hemicellulose
18-25%
Cellulose
40-50 %
Xylose
Glucose
Saccharification
Fermentation
Eco-materials
Resin
Ethanol
25-35 %
Development of Process
Simultaneous
Sacharification and
Fermentation (SSF)
Continue
Genetically modified Plant for
Bioethanol
Increase the productivity
Increase the cellulose
content
Reduce the lignin
content
Reduce the
hemicellulose content
wt Transg.
Courtesy: Enny Sudarmnowati & Sri Hartati
Case: Paraserianthes falcataria
Continue
Energy from Municipal Solid Waste
Installed capacity 10 MW in Suwung, Bali
26 MW in Bekasi, West Java
10 MW in Surabaya, East Java (2012)
10 MW in Bandung, West Java (2012)
Source Local municipal solid waste
In Bali and Bekasi using
GALFAD Technology from
PT Navigat Organic Energy
Indonesia
Continue
IV. 3nd Generation of Biofuel
Algal Fuel Fuel Production Options from Microalgal Cell Components
Biorefinary Algae
Algae Sebagai Sumber Energi
Algae mempunyai kandungan lipida, tepung,
hidrokarbon dan evolusi hidrogen sebagai hasil
metabolisme selnya
Keunggulan budidaya algae sebagai sumber
energi; pertumbuhan cepat, menggunakan sedikit
air dibanding pertanian, mengkonversi sinar
matahari dan CO2 menjadi makananya sendiri,
mudah dibudidayakan, seluruh prosesnya tidak
menimbulkan polusi lingkungan
Kekurangan budidaya algae; merupakan komoditi
baru, membutuhkan teknologi pemanenan yang
membutuhkan daya listrik tinggi, proses pasca
panen, proses kimia untuk mendapatkan energi
yang diinginkan
Screening marine microalgae for specific purposes
Commercial interest ~ Function Starch production
High CO2 tolerant
High density culture
Chl. d production
Polysaccharide
SOx tolerant
Low pH (tolerant)
PUFA production
Hydrocarbon production
Lipid accumulator
Hydrogen production
Source variation
Tropical isolates
Symbionts
Hot spring isolates
Marine sediments
The screening methods are developed by our laboratory
Continue
Candidate of hydrocarbon producing microalgae
Botryococcus? Chlorophyceae
Chromophyceae
Botryococcus sp.
Reference image dari
Broock, 2003
Chromophyceae
Cyanobacteria Cyanobacteria
Figure of Dry weight an lipid
content of selected microalgae
Bar scale:10m
3% of yield
3% of yield
Marine Research in Indonesia
Vol. 33 No. 2, 2008 Continue
Growth and lipid
production of
selected strains (N-
treated)
Candidate lipid depositor microalgae
Photobioreactor
Co-research with IPB, Lambung Mangkurat Univ. &
P2 Physic LIPI
On-line journal of Biotechnology Research in Tropical Region, vol 2, October 2009.
Screening Process
Continue
Clossing Remark
• Indonesia has realize the mandatory of blending the
fossil fuel with NRE
• The 1st biofuel generation is already sale in the
market
• The 2nd biofuel generation is in between application
and evaluation in the market
• The 3rd biofuel generation is still in the laboratory
studies THANK YOU