Development of Science and Technology: Information Technology and Computer Assisted Instruction

8/13/2019 Development of Science and Technology: Information Technology and Computer Assisted Instruction

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Development in Science

and Technology:

Information Technology andComputer-Aided Instruction

Reported by:Hedeliza T. Martin

MAED II


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Science and Technology

Defini t ions:

Scienceis a way of practicing knowledge, as well asthe knowledge itself.

Technologyis defined as the scientific methods and

materials used to achieve industrial objectives.

How are Science and Techno logy Related?

Science and Technology are linked hand in hand.

Science is the studies, trials and successes of

experiments and intellectual activity in the real world,

whereas, technology is the application of science,particularly to attain industrial or commercial

objectives.


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Development of Science and TechnologyHistory o f Science

describes and explains the birth, growth, andpossible decay of its subjects of study

this is done with the help of historical sources,

and by using various explanatory factors

History of Technology

machine history

The influence of technology on society

Technology as an agent of change in world history

Which factors have shaped development of

technology?

Cultural, political, economical


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Types of Technology

1.Admin is t ra t ive: The equipment which is used to

perform to support the administrative functions ofthe program such as telephones, photocopiers,

fax machine and so on


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Types of Technology

2. Instruc t ional Techn ology: In this type we will be

looking primarily at instructional technology. So

there are many types, the basics include are

described below:

Television: There are many channels and individual

shows which is accessed by cable as well as satellite.

Cable channel are less expensive than satellite. Sodue to the help of technology people can visit

different places by not going to that place.

Technology is one the basic needs of people.


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Types of Technology

Computer: Now a days computer make our world

more smaller and smaller due to which we can talk

LIVE to different people of the world. Computer plays

an important role to technology. Due to computer

many other things are being used such as printer,

cameras and so on. Technology gives a new rise to

a things and computer helps to work it properly.


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Types of Technology

3. Information Technology: The study, design and

development of computer-based informationsystems that deals with electronic computers and

computer software to convert, store, protect,

process, transmit, and securely retrieve

information. Now a days many people used to

read information technology with is a type oftechnology. When computer and communications

technologies are combined, the result is

information technology. So information technology

is a basic part of technology.


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Types of Information Technology

E-mail and instant messagingis the oldest type

of computer telecommunications. The first e-mailservices to send only todays text, images, audio

files, and send other types of information

disseminated. This type of large files like videos,

are usually among other things, too much data for

most email services. Unlike email, instantmessaging back and forth with other users

ensures a faster change. This is mainly for text

and simple graphics are available, sending links to

those files, like video, large files directly through

instant messaging to others.


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Video Chat allows other users video chat face to

face communication. As instant messaging is theexchange takes place in real time. However, the

technique is one of the most demanding in terms

of the amount of data to transmit. Can not

therefore be used as an Internet computer and

reliable. At least at least 1 megabit per second, awebcam and an Internet connection, you must

have. If your computer when you least 1 GHz

processor and 1 GB of RAM you have is best.


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Voice over Internet Protocol systems, voice

calls are to activate. The experience of amicrophone, speakers and have the capacity

provided through the Internet from any computer,

you can connect outside of it as a search for a

traditional phone call. If you have a Pocket PC is

usually free, can be an attractive alternative to amobile phone VoIP services.


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Social networking sites as a unique service

combines the talents of manytelecommunications. Overall, the service provides

a user interface that provides access to several of

these technologies. This e-mail, instant

messaging, video chat and several bulletin boards

can post text, photos, or include some pre-recorded videos. Despite these services

elsewhere, social networking sites when they are

open to the service to contact you in many ways,

so that the visibility of other users of your choice.


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Computer-Aided Instruction (CAI)

Computer Assisted Instruction or CAI is instruction

by means of a computer. Computers are a familiarsight in classrooms in the twenty-first century, and

technology has been used to streamline many

educational tasks.

There are different types of educational computeruse, and not every use of a computer in the

classroom is considered computer-assisted

instruction. The educational uses of computers that

are considered to be computer-assisted instruction

(CAI) or computer-based instruction (CBI) are those

cases in which either instruction is presented through

a computer program to a passive student, or the

computer is the platform for an interactive and

personalized learning environment.


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Within the broad definition, computer-assisted

instruction may follow different paths to the sameend. One example is how computer-assisted

instruction is used in relation to other teaching

presentations. CAI can be used either in isolation,

bearing the whole responsibility for conveying

instruction to students, or in combination withconventional, i.e., face-to-face, teaching methods.

Research has shown that the combination of

conventional and CAI instruction has been most

effective in raising student achievement scores.


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(CAI) is a self-learning technique, usually offline/

online, involving interaction of the student with

programmed instructional materials.

(CAI) is an interactive instructional technique whereby

a computer is used to present the instructional material

and monitor the learning that takes place.

(CAI) uses a combination of text, graphics, sound andvideo in enhancing the learning process. The computer

has many purposes in the classroom, and it can be

utilized to help a student in all areas of the curriculum.


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Typical CAI provides:

1. text or multimedia content2. multiple-choice questions

3. problems

4. immediate feedback

5. notes on incorrect responses6. summarizes students' performance

7. exercises for practice


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Types of Computer-Aided Instruction

1. Drill and practiceprovide opportunities or students torepeatedly practice the skills that have previously been

presented and that further practice is necessary formastery.

2. Tutorial activity includes both the presentation ofinformation and its extension into different forms of work,including drill and practice, games and simulation.

3. Game softwareoften creates a contest to achieve thehighest score and either beat others or beat the computer.

4. Simulation softwarecan provide an approximation ofreality that does not require the expense of real life or itsrisks.

5. Discovery approach provides a large database of

information specific to a course or content area andchallenges the learner to analyze, compare, infer andevaluate based on their explorations of the data.

6. Problem SolvingThis approach helps children developspecific problem solving skills and strategies.


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Advantages of (CAI)

one-to-one interaction

great motivator

freedom to experiment with different options

instantaneous response/immediate feedback to theanswers elicited

Self pacing - allow students to proceed at their own

paceHelps teacher can devote more time to individualstudents

Privacy helps the shy and slow learner to learns

Individual attention

learn more and more rapidly

multimedia helps to understand difficult conceptsthrough multi sensory approach

self directed learning students can decide when,

where, and what to learn


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Disadvantages of (CAI)

may feel overwhelmed by the information and

resources available

over use of multimedia may divert the attention from

the content

learning becomes too mechanical

non availability of good CAI packages

lack of infrastructure


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References

http://www.infotech.oulu.fi/GraduateSchool/ICourses/2006/phd/lecture_kallinen.pdf

http://www.ima.umn.edu/~arnold//papers/cai.pdfhttp://www.vblite.org/types-of-information-technology.html

http://ijahsp.nova.edu/articles/Vol9Num3/pdf/Galvis.pdf

http://www.atlantis-press.com/php/download_paper.php?id=7202

http://ip-science.thomsonreuters.com/m/pdfs/fed-res/20130319-fuse-tr.pdf

http://www.csiic.ca/PDF/Godin_8.pdf

http://www.esl-library.com/pdf/lessons/1026.type1.28012013.pdf

http://www.ask.com/question/what-is-computer-assisted-instruction

http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-computer-assisted-instruction.htm

http://wikieducator.org/Computer_Assisted_Instruction_(C

AI)


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Thank you!

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Development of Science and Technology: Information Technology and Computer Assisted Instruction

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