Development of Smart Metering for Saving of Heat and Water Resources

7/27/2019 Development of Smart Metering for Saving of Heat and Water Resources

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Development of solution for

metering data reading anddelivery to data base

20th September 2013, Venstpils

Final Conference

Smart Metering (Smart, Project No LLIV-312)


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Common trial network in Ventspils:

selection of the scope of trial network Isolated network segment with a limited amount of

subscribers Less subscribers affected during meter installation

Low traffic area less problems with installation High buildings for signal reception

Easily accessible manholes Enough branches for data analysis and modeling

Existing city infrastructure (SELGA old peoples home) forreceiver/transmission installations, power supply

Existing high buildings for alternate signal reception points Almost all segments can be equipped with meters

The BAD: no loop closed main branch


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Goals Provide sensor network for real world experimental

environment in University

Water leak and unauthorized connection detection EPANET as water quality and future expansion tool Aquamet expansion with network structural definition

and modeling compatibility Aquamet expansion with monitoring and model based

simulation functionality

Provide e-servicesBill generation (also user portal publicmet)Udeka IS compatible data exports check compatibility

with bookkeeping


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Trial network

All segments and branches have at least one

meter Long distribution lines for fluid dynamics

simulation (wave propagation)


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Trial network


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Technical problems solution concerning metering data

transmission from the water networks wells

Power supply for pressure meters

Existing flow, pressure reader adaption for868MHz RF transmission instead of GPRS

Transmission signal strength obstacles

Signal transmission from manholes

Data packet retransmission using Ethernet

Physical meter installation in the network

Software adaption for data processing andvisualization (AquaMet)


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Ethernet message converter Cheap initial development platform SoC: Infineon's ADM5120P CPU: MIPS32

RAM: 16MiB Flash memory: 2MiB (expandable via USB storage)

2 USB ports (host mode)

5 VLAN capable Ethernet ports

Software designed solution easily portable to otherplatforms

Base system running customized OpenWRT (linux) image:USB support, networking, VPN

Message receiving using USB interface Message processing: C Alternatives: OpenEmbedded


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Existing hardware expansion Base hardware is Mazzy GPRS pressure

and flow meter transmission system Interface expansion for networking

support reduced costs

GPRS only transmitter (pressure)modification for 868MHz transmission

GPRS only as fallback solution

First prototype evolution to an optimizedstripped down hardware version


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Decision to separate the components USB ICRv9 for easy PC hookup debugging and data retrieval

Open standards, human readable, easy development Security: P2P Bridges with dedicated VLAN


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Decision to separate the components USB ICRv9 for easy PC hookup debugging and data aquision

Open standards, human readable, easy development Security: P2P Bridges with dedicated VLAN

Further improvements

have to be made, e-

services

Additional network

expansion needed

Offered

solution not

confirmed

Might needimprovements,

bugfixes

Pressure sensors

still not installed


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The BIG picture of the projects infrastructure


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Equipment diagram


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Manhole antenna prototype evolution

Experiments with

urethane plastic rubberand aluminum filled rugged design

Has to provide tamperresistance

Problems with the dipoleverification (laboratorytests)


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Progress [1] The new antenna designsdirectional antenna used for

concrete manhole covers

omnidirectional antennas: lowprofile used for on street manholes

Both intended to be covered inurethane


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Manhole antennas


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Material try outs

An error of 2% of urethane mixture results an semi-hardened result Sealing concrete (hard and dense) useful in locations near signal

reception points Three times cheaper Easy to handle Hard to destroy

Max 10% signal weakening also in wet condition compared tourethane


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Dropped antenna designs

too difficult to produce

No accessible equipmentfor verification

Mechanical design should

be improved to reducefilling material waste

Expensive


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Final version of the urethane antenna body


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Pressure meters 868MHz versionDS18B20 Programmable Resolution 1-Wire

Digital Thermometer


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Water flow meter: ICR20wt

Pulse counter two meter connections


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Antena installations

Main municipal network connection link


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Connectivity and signal reception Signal losses due to trees, houses, concretesurroundings, RF receiver frequencycorrection


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Relocating the wireless transmission bridges


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Relocating the wireless transmission bridges

Local ISP provider 5.8GHz interference Blocking buildings and trees

Better in case of new points or reallocation

Outdoor Ethernet gateway Bucher Schoerling Baltic Ltd roof


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Outdoor Ethernet gateway Bucher-Schoerling Baltic Ltd. roof

All three Ethernet gateways are Mini-ITX boards withLinux and Aquamon service

PBOX board is the next generation of implementationneeds to be tested for stability


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Antena installations

Power supply problem - solved

SCADA Eth t t


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SCADA Ethernet gateway

C fi i f i l


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Custom fittings for mounting on poles

Cheap to build

Easy to mount most of cases antennas aremounted to existing poles

Final network layout


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Final network layout

Blue circles Ethernet gateway range

Orange circles Repeater half-ranges

Bad cables


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Bad cablesOrdered cable defects

Bad crimps

Loose connections

Solder less

Missing outer

moisture isolation Wrong type

Domestic flow sensor positioning survey


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Domestic flow sensor positioning survey Planning failure of

positioning surveyresulted only 30% of

working domestic

transmitters

Th i i fl f h


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The situation water flow sensors after the

first installation (without survey)

Only 5 of 14 domestic

transmitters are sending data

periodically

An reposition of all not received

transmitters has to be done assoon as the SCADA signal

reception problem is solved

repositioning has to be donebased on the site survey done

earlier

Installation survey - good practice


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Installation survey good practice

Accessibility Location of the meter

Direction of nearest reception point

Cable length

Is it needed or possible to put the transmitter outside needs to be billed with waterproof filling material (i.e. rubber)

Another problem: bad reed switch connections to the flow meters

Third window from left side,

1m above ground, it possible to

position in SCADA direction at

a small window, cable length 3-

4m.

Domestic transmitter repositioning


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Domestic transmitter repositioning

Transmitter frequency drift correction Better locations for maximum signal strength Filler (hydro sealed) transmitters for outdoor usage


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Flow meter installations


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Replaced flow sensors need to be


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Pressure sensor installation (1)

Delay because of bad weather conditions and too long

cold period



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Temperature sensor attached to valve Valve injection process



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Pressure transmitter installation (1)


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Holes have to be drilledboth on concrete orcoated iron covers

Some covers are morethan 20mm castediron, takes ~40min. Todrill if lucky

No power on site power generatorneeded

A list of the tools is amust in work planning



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Some covers cant behandled alone

Holes have to be

drilled with industrial

machinery



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In cold weather thecovers are frozen to

the ground digging



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After antennainstallation, an

assistant is needed or

a cover support isneeded to prevent

possible antenna

damaging



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Remaining pressure point installation

868Mhz micro antenna manhole profilemilling in cases where manholes are onsidewalks

Urethane natural UV color decay to grey

stealthy when on concrete manhole covers

Trial network height model corrections


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To get a correct pressure (total head) calculated the heightdifference has to be known

Manual measurements where done for the missing spots

Design failures


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Temperature sensor connectormissing key wrong insert causesburning, malfunctions, difficult toisolate

Pressure sensor antenna connectordifficult to install capacitor in the way

Pressure sensors and temperature

sensors have no key markers, thereare pins in between confusing

The 90 degree connectors is not fittingthrough the case nut extreme forceand tools are needed



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( )

Difficult to preinstallconnectors soldering in

-10C is not easy


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Other improvement suggestions


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For now the receiver can onlybe programmed with adedicated programmer apossibility for USB

programming via Ethernetcontroller should be addedfor places with problematicaccess like SCADA pole

An earlier ICR messagerepeater in development powered with solar cells

should be created to solveshort range signal coverage

Tester15 Ethernet gateway evolution


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First iteration Tester only for visualreadouts of sensor/meter readings

Second iteration USB serialinterface for connection toembedded Linux gateway for datacollection backend communication

USB tester and Pi software


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improvements Tester (ICR receiver)

time synchronization only after drift detection

Automatic reset after unrecognized commandIncreased baud rate 38400Clear RAM after readout for easier dead node

detectionTester status line added to the readout count1

flash memory use, count2 battery voltage, DateR actual RTC time


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Third iteration repeater Raspberry Pi daughterboard


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Fourth iteration deep embedded (work in progress)

Atmega644A


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Atmega644A

USB serial bridge Integrated or external antenna Magnetic sensor to perform button

functions prevent particle, moistureisolation

4Mb internal memory (512KB) 700mAh Li-Po battery WIZnet W5200 Ethernet controller Tester, diagnosis, external interface,

Ethernet gateway

PBOX Ethernet gateway iteration


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Ethernet gateway receiver board isthe same as the repeater board

changes only by software

PBOX2 features Composite out for future display handheld

d i


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device

Universal Wi-Fi auto configuration and mostdongle support

Heartbeat monitor with LED indication ofthe systems health

Read-Only file system after boot up autoconfiguration is completed to prevent filesystem corruption in cases of forceful poweroff

GPIO shutdown trigger for future housing

integration a software power off function All transmitters are double buffered into

RAM and processed regardless of garbagedata - built-in auto recovery and parsing

All configuration done in a plain text .INI likeconfiguration file easy mountable via firstFAT32 partition (the etx3 stays hidden)

FUTURE improvement

migration to OpenEmbedded\Yocto

What comes in? What goes out?


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g

Date Time SerialNr Count1 Count2 STAT rs fr

00.00 00:00:00 00000000 000000 000000 0000 FA 00

23.01 11:30:48 0C000065 00FFFF 000000 0033 68 00

23.01 11:30:55 0C00006C 00FFFF 000000 0033 7A 00

23.01 19:00:40 141B7D21 000001 000000 031C 72 00

23.01 11:30:57 0C000067 00FFFF 000000 0033 70 00

23.01 11:30:43 0C000066 00FFFF 000000 0032 6F 00

23.01 11:31:01 0C000069 00FFFF 000000 0034 64 00

23.01 11:31:26 0C000064 0000B9 000000 0033 78 00

23.01 11:32:45 0C00006B 00FFFF 000000 0032 68 00

23.01 18:23:39 141B7C9F 000000 000000 031D 6E 00

23.01 12:56:29 141B7C45 000000 000000 0307 65 00

26.01 14:48:10 141B76CC 000CF1 000000 0317 5B 0024.01 12:12:33 0C00006C 00FFFF 000000 0032 6E 00

24.01 12:06:29 0C000068 00FFFF 000232 0034 79 00

26.01 15:15:47 141B7D21 000001 000000 031B 5D 00

26.01 15:16:59 141B78F6 0058B5 000000 031E 86 00

24.01 12:06:27 0C000066 00FFFF 000000 0032 71 00

24.01 12:13:40 0C000064 000092 000000 0032 77 00

24.01 12:07:27 0C000065 00FFFF 000000 0033 67 00

26.01 15:16:45 141B7C45 0000DD 000000 031C 7A 00

26.01 15:08:42 141B7C9F 00004B 000000 031D 80 00

26.01 07:51:00 B226897E F3744C 57CFE8 7A17 5A 00

Timestamp: 3001233004

Setting DateTime: w30012330

Date and Time

30012330

Hash: 48aeac7f70751d80b09a6ac23eb5375b DateTimeRec: 1359581312

Device type: 10 Device serial: 1B7C45 Value 1: 958 Value 2: 0

Battery: 796 RSSI: 120

http://exec.bitdev.lv/post.php?hash=48aeac7f70751d80b09a6ac23eb5

375b&battery=796&timestamp=1359581312&value2=0&value1=958&rssi=1

20&serial=1B7C45&type=10

Hash: 8980347bcdc27e25d50546adc9b4909b DateTimeRec: 1359580835

Device type: 10 Device serial: 1B78F6 Value 1: 4384 Value 2: 0

Battery: 796 RSSI: 119

http://exec.bitdev.lv/post.php?hash=8980347bcdc27e25d50546adc9b4

909b&battery=796&timestamp=1359580835&value2=0&value1=4384&rssi=

119&serial=1B78F6&type=10

Ethernet gateway - aquamon Message reception


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Message analysis for errors andfalse results

Message buffering Message encoding

Message preparation forEthernet transmission Security in transmission process

The Ethernet gateway system contains

numerous helper scripts and application to

ensure safe and highly available service.

Aquamon service auto-update


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Extended Ethernet gateway information


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Hostname, internal IP, external IP Easier identification of sites with large gateway count

Ethernet gateway


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Done aquamon multithreaded daemon to parse USB data and

prepare for delivery to server MONIT service notification and aquamon service control (e-mailnotification, problem detection, service recovery)

VPN support (tinc, PPTP, OpenVPN) Watchdog: Broadcom BCM2708 watchdog support (gateway

monitoring, overload, data pipe lost - reboot) Wear out Prevention of SD card memory (RAMLOG)

To be researched, implemented: Stripped down version: OpenWRT (6-10MB) moved to

OpenEmbedded Yocto OLSRP - Optimized Link State Routing Protocol B.A.T.M.A.N - Better Approach To Mobile Adhoc Networking


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VPN allows logical grouping of sites Ethernet gateways formaintenance and debugging/management

Encryption, authentication and compression All traffic is optionally compressed using zlib or LZO, and OpenSSL is used to

encrypt the traffic and protect it from alteration with message authentication codesand sequence numbers.

Automatic full mesh routing Regardless of how you set up the tinc daemons to connect to each other, VPN traffic

is always (if possible) sent directly to the destination, without going throughintermediate hops.

Easily expand your VPN When you want to add nodes to your VPN, all you have to do is add an extra

configuration file, there is no need to start new daemons or create and configurenew devices or network interfaces.

Ability to bridge Ethernet segments You can link multiple Ethernet segments together to work like a single segment,

allowing you to run applications and games that normally only work on a LAN overthe Internet.

Runs on many operating systems and supports IPv6 Currently Linux, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD, MacOS/X, Solaris, Windows 2000, XP,

Vista and Windows 7 platforms are supported. See our section about supportedplatforms for more information about the state of the ports. tinc has also fullsupport for IPv6, providing both the possibility of tunneling IPv6 traffic over its

tunnels and of creating tunnels over existing IPv6 networks.

Repeater


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To solve Ethernet gateway signal receptionissues a sink type repeater was created

Was dropped in GPRS solution as unpractical

solution for Ethernet case problems

Sink transmission principle


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Transmission happens only one way

Battery status byte server as level identification

Is dropped by the Ethernet gateway No message retransmission if repeaters are intersected

Collisions in the same domain are prevented with simple randomretransmission delay

sinking principle


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Repeater private premises


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Main problem power supply, but should not be a problem

in municipal dense city scenarios with the right planning

Reception situation All data is received with


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maximal delay of 2 hours(lost transmission) depends on weather, but

this is the worst observed(rainy, vegetation max.)

One flow meter (5!) bad

reception sudden RSSIdrop from 78 needs tobe investigated also is inthe range of repeater

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Development of Smart Metering for Saving of Heat and Water Resources

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