Development of South Africa's political system 1989-2012

Till Karsten

04/10/23

2

constitution & political system.

Release of

Nelson

Mandela

in february 1990

&

4 years of

negotiation for

transit constitution

Signing the new

constitution in

1996

&became effictive

at 04.02.1997

Bill of rights in

second chapter:

rights &

responsibilities in

political, commercial,

social & civil

questions.

3

Constitutional democracy with federal structure Three-tier system of government & independent judiciary 9 provinces Capital

Pretoria (executive branch) Bloemfontein (judicial branch) Cape Town (legislative branch)

Parliament of South Africa National Assembly (lower house)

400 members, elected by popular vote (party-list proportional representation system)

National Council of Provinces (upper house) President of South Africa

Head of state and head of government Elected by the members of National Assembly

constitution & political system // 2.

4

political parties.

• 27.05.1994: first democratic election • 27.05. now public holiday (freedom day)• mark the end of the apartheid• every 5 years new vote• no 5% barrier – only party vote• 19 parties

• African National Congress (ANC - Mandela): 62 %• National Party (NP - de Klerk): 20 %• Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP): 10 %• Freedom Front (FF): 2 %• Democratic Party (DP): 1 %

5

political parties.

Jakob Zuma

President

6

ANC – project or party?

Founded 08.01.1912 as “South African Native National Congress” (SANNC) – Party? Response to injustice against black South Africans Reason: Native Land Act

Black People could only buy land in separated areas (7% of SA)

Protest was peaceful (note of protest, complaint letter) but ineffective

Renaming in „African National Congress“ (ANC) in 1923 In 1952: Organization of the „Defiance Campaign“ agains the law of

the apartheid-regime (at this time: Mass-Organization) Sharpeville-Massacre at 21.03.1960 (69 protester killed by police)

Bann of ANC in 1960 – Project? Military organization / acts of violence in 60s & 70s / training camps

in China & Marocco Rivonia-Process in 1964 (Nelson Mandela in jail)

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ANC – project or party? // 2

Secret conversations in the 80s Offer to Mandela to leave the jail & stop the conflict Mandela refused without change of the system & end of the

apartheid Repeal of ANC-Bann

By President Frederik Willem de Klerk at 02.02.1990 Release of Nelson Mandela from jail New Constitution and democratic elections ANC win every election since 1994

ANC in the noughties - Normal Party? Allegation of Corruption in 2008

Separation of ANC-Members for founding the „Congress of the People” (COPE)

Member of the Socialist International Officially removed from the United States terrorism watch list in

2008