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7/28/2019 Development of Western Philosophy of Education
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HAFIQ AMSYAR B BASRI
(920310-12-6883)
IKMAL HISHAM B KHAPIPAH@ZULKIFLI
(921129-03-6167)WAN MUHAMMAD SYAFIQ B WAN OMAR
(920425-03-5615)
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TRADITIONAL
Perennialism
Essentialism
MODERN
Progressivism
Reconstructivism
Existentialism
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Perennialism
CONCEPT Perennialists believed that humans are rational and the
aim of education is to improve man as man
Perennialist classrooms are also centered on teachers.
The teachers are not concerned about the students'interests or experiences.
The aim of education is to develop a rational person.
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GOALS
For teaching universal knowledge that are everlasting.
FOCUS
Curriculum
Focused on humanities learning and literature learning. The type of learning is stated to give insight on students about
life.
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Teachers Role
Teachers are considered a learned and authorized expert ineducation and knowledge.
Responsible to deliver knowledge.
Is also responsible in shaping the students behaviour.
Teaching method.
Is on didactic method
Student learned without able to ask question.
Students Role
They must work hard to gain knowledge.
They only receive information from teachers.
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ESSENTIALISM
CONCEPT Essentialists believe that there are knowledge that
needed to be taught to students.
Instead of teaching of the truth of life they focus on
basic subjects that an individual needs to know to be aproductive person.
It is taught to be both practical and pragmatic.
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GOALS
To teach factual information which needs to be learnt,appreciated and stored by pupils.
FOCUS
Curriculum Focused on the basic skills reading, writing, and arithmetic.
Subjects like Science, History, Art and Music are compulsory.
Literature and Humanities are optional.
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Teachers Role
Is regarded as an authority in the classroom.
Must be skilled in classroom control.
Regarded as a role model for students.
Teaching Method
Still uses didactic method as Perennialism.
Pupils Role
To achieve academic success, students need to pay attention
what they learned in school.
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Modern
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Modern
Progressivis
m
Existentialism
Reconstructivism
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Progressivism Concept Change is the core of reality
Knowledge is something which is both relative and
tentative and used to explain the present reality. Do not believe in the existence of permanent and
pertinent truth that needs to be mastered.
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GoalAim to prepare pupils to accommodate to changes in
everyday lives.
Able to look for alternative solutions which arerelevant to the problem their faced.
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FocusCurriculum
Is given freedom to choose the subjects they wish tostudy.
Teachers role
As a facilitator and assists pupils to handle anyproblem in their surroundings.
Responsible for creating a conducive learningenvironment.
Give questions to stimulates pupils thinking.
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Teaching Method
Inductive approach is used to give opportunity to
explain certain educational issues.Pupils role
Seek their own explanation.
Need to study how to ask questions about their
environment
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Reconstructivism Schools are considered the main catalyst for improving
the state of human beings.
Best platforms for building a new society.
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Goals To lay the foundation for a new cultural pattern
To eliminate socials ill
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FocusCurriculum
Consists of the social sciences specifically social
studies Teachers role
Act as an agent of change and innovation
Has to be creative and innovative in the classroom.
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Teaching Method
Pupil-centered approach is given due importance
where pupils are taught problem-solving skills,brainstorming, role plays and simulations.
Pupils role
Expected to take an active role.
Should be courageous to try out new things
Willing to change their existing paradigms.
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Existentialism Reality as something which is subjective and can only
be defined by the individual concerned.
Individual is responsible for himself to determine hisgoals and make his own decision without having referto outside authorities.
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Goals The school system or teacher does not have the right to
impose the goals of education.
The educational goals are not outlined.
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FocusCurriculum
Does not have specific subjects.
Subjects which are aesthetic and philosophy-basedlike art, literature and drama are considered relevant.
Teachers role
Is a catalyst who provides educational opportunities so
that his pupils can voice out their feelings andemotions.
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Teaching method
Activity-centered and pupil-centered
Role plays and simulations frequently used in theclassroom
Pupils are motivated to engage in deep thinking
Pupils role
Encouraged to involve actively so as to maximize theeducational opportunities offered to them.