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Developments of the Semantic Web at Developments of the Semantic Web at the Museum of the History of Sciencethe Museum of the History of Science
Florence, 16 June 2003Florence, 16 June 2003
Marco BerniMarco Berni
Florence, 16 June 2003 2Semantic web at IMSS
Main question:Main question:
How can we go ahead on Semantic Web How can we go ahead on Semantic Web and ontologies at IMSS?and ontologies at IMSS?
Florence, 16 June 2003 3Semantic web at IMSS
Try to answer:Try to answer:
Evaluation of the achieved outcomeEvaluation of the achieved outcome How we can make an ontologyHow we can make an ontology
Mesmuses experienceMesmuses experience Beyond MesmusesBeyond Mesmuses
Resources to make the ontology runResources to make the ontology run Critical pointsCritical points Hypothesis on achievable resultsHypothesis on achievable results
Florence, 16 June 2003 4Semantic web at IMSS
Evaluation of the achieved Evaluation of the achieved outcomeoutcome
Mesmuses prototypes are very useful Mesmuses prototypes are very useful samples of Semantic Web applicationsamples of Semantic Web application
Allows data browsing with “intelligent” Allows data browsing with “intelligent” searchsearch Opportunity to make searches not only on Opportunity to make searches not only on
words, but on the meaning of words too words, but on the meaning of words too (semantic search)(semantic search)
Test semantic search on a history of Test semantic search on a history of science domainscience domain
Florence, 16 June 2003 5Semantic web at IMSS
How we can make an ontologyHow we can make an ontologyMesmuses experience 1Mesmuses experience 1
First tryFirst try Theoretical approach Theoretical approach
Ontology was designed in Ontology was designed in order to model domain of order to model domain of historic science knowledgehistoric science knowledge
No data were available. Need No data were available. Need for a totally manual data inputfor a totally manual data input
Schema and instances were Schema and instances were very subjectivevery subjective
Useful for itineraries, not for Useful for itineraries, not for searchsearch
Florence, 16 June 2003 6Semantic web at IMSS
How we can make an ontologyHow we can make an ontologyMesmuses experience 2Mesmuses experience 2
Second trySecond try Bottom-up approachBottom-up approach
Ontology was designed just looking to Ontology was designed just looking to available databasesavailable databases
Deep analysis of databases structure in Deep analysis of databases structure in order to map relational structure on order to map relational structure on ontology concept/propertyontology concept/property
Data input from relational databases Data input from relational databases with little manual attendancewith little manual attendance
Schema and instances are quite Schema and instances are quite “objective”, but at the moment don’t “objective”, but at the moment don’t cover all the history of science domaincover all the history of science domain
Useful for searchUseful for search
Florence, 16 June 2003 7Semantic web at IMSS
IMSS
Ontology
How we can make an ontologyHow we can make an ontologyBeyond Mesmuses 1Beyond Mesmuses 1
IMSS Database
ARAM – Multimedia Archive
STS – Scientific Instruments
ICONA – Ichonographic Archive
BIBLIO – Catalogue of the Library
ARMU – Historical archives
etc.
GT@ – GalileoTek@Extended
Dublin Core
IMSS
Itineraries
Florence, 16 June 2003 8Semantic web at IMSS
IMSS Ontology
How we can make an ontologyHow we can make an ontologyBeyond Mesmuses 2Beyond Mesmuses 2
IMSS Database
ARAM – Multimedia Archive
STS – Scientific Instruments
ICONA – Ichonographic Archive
BIBLIO – Books Catalogue
ARMU – Historical archives
etc.
GT@ – GalileoTek@
Extended Dublin CoreDCTitleDCCreator Creator InventorDCSubjectDCDescriptionDCPublisherDcContributor.PersonalNameDcContributor.CorporatelName User Receiver Giver Purchaser IsDedicated.....
DCrelation IsVersionOf HasVersion IsReplacedBy IsRequiredBy Requires IsPartOf HasPart IsReferencedBy References IsFormatOf HasFormat
.....
Florence, 16 June 2003 9Semantic web at IMSS
How we can make an ontologyHow we can make an ontologyBeyond Mesmuses 3Beyond Mesmuses 3
Scientific Places in TuscanyScientific Places in Tuscany
Old versionOld version
Plain hypertextPlain hypertext Links have not any semanticsLinks have not any semantics
Florence, 16 June 2003 10Semantic web at IMSS
How we can make an ontologyHow we can make an ontologyBeyond Mesmuses 4Beyond Mesmuses 4
Scientific Places in TuscanyScientific Places in Tuscany
Forthcoming versionForthcoming version
Structured hypertextStructured hypertext Links have a semanticsLinks have a semantics
e.g. Brunelleschi MAKER Domee.g. Brunelleschi MAKER Dome
Maker DomeBrun.
Florence, 16 June 2003 11Semantic web at IMSS
How we can make an ontologyHow we can make an ontologyBeyond Mesmuses 5Beyond Mesmuses 5
History of science communityshared ontology
IMSS
ontology
Institution 2
ontology
Institution 3
ontology
Institution 4
ontology
Institution n
ontology
Web resource
Web resource
Web resource
Web resource
Web resource
Web resource
Web resource
Web resource
Florence, 16 June 2003 12Semantic web at IMSS
How we can make an ontologyHow we can make an ontologyBeyond Mesmuses 6Beyond Mesmuses 6
Start to re-design database for ontology and semantic Start to re-design database for ontology and semantic searchsearch
Mapping of existing database schemas into classes Mapping of existing database schemas into classes and propertiesand properties Extended Dublin CoreExtended Dublin Core IMSS specificsIMSS specifics
Partial automatic indexing of data according to the Partial automatic indexing of data according to the mapping rulesmapping rules
Manual actions required to complete indexing processManual actions required to complete indexing process Design an ontology valid for the whole history of Design an ontology valid for the whole history of
science communityscience community
Florence, 16 June 2003 13Semantic web at IMSS
Resources to makeResources to make the ontology run the ontology run
Domain experts to map database to ontologyDomain experts to map database to ontology Software for data harvestingSoftware for data harvesting Operators to manually adjust dataOperators to manually adjust data PortalPortal
Schema / data loaderSchema / data loader Browsing / searching engineBrowsing / searching engine Graphical user interfaceGraphical user interface
Set up a community-web and coordinate itSet up a community-web and coordinate it Produce (and agree on) a shared ontologyProduce (and agree on) a shared ontology Share resourcesShare resources
Florence, 16 June 2003 14Semantic web at IMSS
Critical pointsCritical points Ontology productionOntology production
Integration between ontology and itinerariesIntegration between ontology and itineraries Iterative construction of new ontology to make a better coverage Iterative construction of new ontology to make a better coverage
of domain and dataof domain and data User interface usabilityUser interface usability
Test of existing interfacesTest of existing interfaces Requirements to improve interaction effectivenessRequirements to improve interaction effectiveness Iterates many times this step Iterates many times this step
Agreement on a community web ontology for history of Agreement on a community web ontology for history of sciencescience
Impact of a schema modification on existing dataImpact of a schema modification on existing data Have mapping of data to be redone?Have mapping of data to be redone?
Florence, 16 June 2003 15Semantic web at IMSS
Hypothesis on achievable resultsHypothesis on achievable results
Strongly improve access to IMSS documents Strongly improve access to IMSS documents and databaseand database
Provide a framework for history of science e-Provide a framework for history of science e-learninglearning
Share navigable data with the communityShare navigable data with the community Create an access point to the history of science Create an access point to the history of science
resources on the webresources on the web Create a virtual museum of history of science on the Create a virtual museum of history of science on the
web independently from the physical location of the web independently from the physical location of the objectsobjects