DHTA Month “Architecture in Tourism” 1

Architectural Heritage in Tourism• Background of SHAPE

• EU-funded ISP w/ DHTA

• Lessons from traditional Architecture

• International Vernacular

• Architecture in Tourism

• Dominica’s Architecture– Roseau

– Churches

– Mills & Plantation Estates

– Vernacular

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Background of SHAPE• Founded in 1997 by concerned citizens

– too much cultural loss in Roseau & Dominica

• French Technical Mission $– Provided for SHAPE’s Public Awareness & other specific projects

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EU-funded Institutional Strengthening Project• European Union offers ISP

– Partners SHAPE with DHTA to strengthen heritage as part of tourism product – Mar.2005 – Feb.2008

– Ideally would have pre-dated ETDP

• Work Plans incl. – Advocacy towards protection of

heritage sites & listed buildings

– heritage events (CiTN, Carnival …)

– site development (Illustration Boards, tours, integration …)

– Training (of guides, operators, craftsmen, designers, students …)

– Promotion & Education …

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Traditional Architecture describes a place & people• In general:

– Structure & materials respond to climate & geography• Building & Roof shapes

• Availability of local sources

– Shows influences of builders• Foreign or mythical

– Describes cultural beliefs & symbolism• Especially in monuments & public buildings

• Design of Layouts, Details & Decoration

• Architecture IS a form of cultural expression

• Wet or dry

• Storms

• Type of soil & terrain

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International Examples

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International Examples

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International Examples

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Regional ExamplesWillemstad, Curacao

750 houses in 3 districts: 17th –19th century examples

* 1997 World Heritage Site

= A reason to visit

= A marketing tool

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Regional ExamplesOld Havana, Cuba

* 1982 World Heritage Site for colonial core

- Spanish est’d in 1519; 3 distinct periods

* Urban Historic Centre of Cienfuegos

WHC in 2005

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Regional Examples Old San Juan, Puerto Rico

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Regional Examples

El Morro - designated a National Historic Site in Feb.1949 w/ 74 acres; - largest fortification in the Carib’n; - Restored in 1992; - USNP

Castillo de San Cristóbal - Built in 1634 (completed in 1771); - 150 ft high, covers 27 acres; - * World Heritage Site (?)

Plazas, City Hall, Cathedral, Civic buildings … Tourism op’s

Old San Juan Forts

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Regional Examples Nevis – Plantation Inns

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Regional Examples Guyana

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Regional Examples Guyana – World’s largest Wooden Church

St. George’s Cathedral 1889

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Architecture in Eco-Tourism

• CONTEXTUALITY:– physical & cultural

• Site Planning

• Community Involvement• Construction techniques &

materials: local & sustainable

• Energy Conservation

• Water sourcing & saving

• Sewage treatment

• Solid Waste Management

• Eco-Tourism definitions vary

• Eco-lodge definitions vary

• Criteria & standards vary

But

• Always incl. ‘sustainability’ : environmental, social, spiritual & economic.

• 2002 criteria:– Protection of Nature

– Benefits to Local People

– Provides Interpretation

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International Examples Eco-Resorts

• Hawaii

• Fiji • Paramaraibo• Hawaii

• Praia, Brasil (typical verandah, local church & village)

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International Examples Authenticity

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International Examples Authenticity

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more International Eco-lodge Examples Authenticity

• NY Schoolhouse • NY Lumberjack Shack • NY, by boat

• NY Lean-to • PR Bamboo Walk• Costa Rica

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Dominican Traditional Architecture

• Dominica’s features:– Climate & geography present:

• lots of Sun & lots of Rain• strong winds & tremors• Stone & wood available

– Verandahs as protection from sun & rain

– Wooden ‘Jalousie’ louvers allow airflow while shading

– Hurricane shutters

– Half-hipped roofs (most unique)

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• Types– Civic, Religious,

Military buildings

– VERNACULAR

– ‘Ti Kaz’s,

– Fr/Brit Colonial Merchant Houses,

– Plantation Estates & Mills,

– Churches,

– Village streets!

Dominican Traditional Architecture

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Elements

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Detailing

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Dominican Examples - Roseau

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Roseau’s Public Library

Now in Centennary 1906-2006,

$ given by Andrew Carnegie, 1 of 2,500 worldwide

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Dominican Examples - Roseau

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Dominican Examples - Roseau

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Dominican Residences

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Dominican Residences

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Dominican Residences

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Restoration / Renovation / Rehabilitation

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Restoration / Renovation / Rehabilitation

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Heritage aesthetic:

- use of wrought iron railing from New Orleans - use of imported brick (not ballasts this time).

Meanwhile, stone ground floor walls are preserved and the ‘look’ is maintained.

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Dominican Mills & Estates

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Dominican Churches

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One tourist’s impression (an Architect)