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Diabetes Basics KBN 2014
Diabetes Basics
KBN 2014
Understanding Diabetes
O Complex diseaseO Digestion breaks down
carbohydrates sugar (glucose)
O Sugar bloodstreamO Insulin moves sugar into
cells for energy
KBN 2014
Definition of termsO “blood sugar” = “ blood glucose”
O you may it hear it used interchangeably
KBN 2014
Body Function Without Diabetes
KBN 2014
Type 1 vs. Type 2 Diabetes
No insulin (key) means that sugar cannot enter the cell.
Insulin (key) cannot unlock the cell door. Insulin resistance or inability of body to use insulin.
KBN 2014
Type 1 DiabetesO Insulin-producing cells are destroyedO Daily insulin replacement necessaryO Age at onset: usually childhood, young
adulthoodO Most common type of diabetes in children
and adolescents
KBN 2014
Type 1 DiabetesOnset of diabetes: can happen relatively quickly
Symptoms: increased urination, tiredness, weight loss, increased thirst, hunger, dry skin, blurred vision
Cause: uncertain, both genetic and environmental factors
KBN 2014
Management Goal O Diabetes is managed but does not go awayO Goal is to maintain a target glucose range
KBN 2014
Diabetes Management Making Diabetes a Part of Life
O Insulin/MedicationOPhysical ActivityOFood Intake OOther Factors
KBN 2014
What a Child Needs?
KBN 2014
What a Child Deals With?
Everything that every child deals with +
Diabetes
KBN 2014
Hypoglycemia Unawareness O Their body can not tell the child the blood
sugar is lowO “I just feel funny” O The child might simply be distracted O You know a child is just not acting right
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Honeymoon PhaseO Not all newly diagnosed individuals
experience the Honeymoon PhaseO Can last for weeks up to 2 yearsO We can not let our guard down
KBN 2014
Example of Target Range For Type 1 Diabetes
O Preschool and Kindergarten (3-5 yrs.)O Before meals, blood sugar range 100mg/dl-180O The target range is always “ordered” by Health Care
Provider
O School Age (6-12 yrs.)O Before meals, blood sugar range 90mg/dl-180mg/dlO The target range is always “ordered” by the Health
Care Provider
KBN 2014
Management PrioritiesPreschool –Middle School (3-12 yrs.)
O Adult involvement
O Allow for participation in school/peer activities
O Student learning based on benefits of optimal control
KBN 2014
Example of Target Range For Type 1 Diabetes
O Adolescents and young adults (13-19 yrs.)O Before meals 90mg/dL-130mg/dLO Always Health Care Provider Ordered
The Art and Science of Diabetes Self-Management Education Desk Reference, 2011KBN 2014
Management Priorities
Early Adolescence 13-15 years
Later Adolescence 16-19 years
O Renegotiating adult/teens role in diabetes management
O Learning coping skills to enhance self management
O Monitoring for signs of depression, eating disorders, risky behaviors
O Begin discussion of transition to a new diabetes team
O Integrating diabetes into new lifestyle
O Supporting the transition to independence
KBN 2014
