Diabetes Mellitus

By Anna McQuaid

Definition of diabetes mellitus

• Diabetes mellitus ( also called sugar diabetes) is a condition that occurs when the body can't use glucose (a type of sugar) normally.

When??

When Blood Sugar Is Too High

• Your body and brain needs glucose to work properly because it is the bodies main fuel source. But too much glucose in the blood can be unhealthy.

• Hyperglycemia is the medical word for high blood sugar levels. The hormone insulin is supposed to control the level of glucose in the blood. But someone with diabetes doesn't make enough insulin or the insulin doesn't work properly so too much sugar can get into the blood and make the person sick.

Types of Diabetes mellitus• Type one diabetes • Type two diabetes

Type one diabetes

• Type 1 diabetes can occur at any age. However, it is most often diagnosed in children, adolescents, or young adults.

• In type one diabetes the body does not make enough insullin.

• Insulin is a hormone produced by special cells in the pancreas.

• Insulin is needed to move blood sugar (glucose) into cells, where it is stored and later used for energy.

Symptoms • Being very thirsty• Feeling hungry• Feeling tired• Having blurry eyesight• Losing the feeling or

feeling tingling in your feet• Losing weight without

trying• Urinating more often

Type two diabetes

• Mostly common in elderly people.• type 2 diabetes, your fat, liver,

and muscle cells do not respond correctly to insulin. This is called insulin resistance. As a result, blood sugar does not get into these cells to be stored for energy.

• people with the disease are overweight when they are diagnosed. Increased fat makes it harder for your body to use insulin the correct way.

symptoms• being very thirsty• frequent urination• blurry vision• irritability• tingling or numbness in the

hands or feet• frequent skin, bladder or

gum infections• wounds that don’t heal• extreme unexplained fatigue

Treatments • Diabetes does not have a cure, but it is

treatable. • With the proper treatment plan, you can reduce

or even prevent the complications related to diabetes.

• Common treatments for diabetes include insulin injections, oral medications, diet and exercise.

• Accu check is the most common used brand for diabetes.

Accu check products.

Accu-Chek® Combo Insulin Pump System Accu-Chek® FastClix Finger Pricker

Accu-Chek® MobileBlood Glucose Meter System

Guidelines for diabetics

What to avoid• Sugar – includes soft drinks, fruit juices, fructose,

sucrose, agave and the obvious cookies, cakes, etc.• Starch – both potatoes and rice are high in starches;

which means they are high in carbs.• Grains – especially wheat (gluten) in any form; flour,

pasta, breads, crackers, cakes,

• Cereals – All kinds.• Pasteurized milk• High Carb Fruits - especially bananas and pineapple.• High Carb Vegetables – avoid potatoes.

A menu for diabetics • Breakfast• (360 calories, 52.5 grams carbohydrate)• 1 slice toasted whole wheat bread with 1

teaspoon margarine1/4 cup egg substitute or cottage cheese1/2 cup oatmeal1/2 cup skim milk1/2 small banana

• Lunch• (535 calories, 75 grams carbohydrate)• 1 cup vegetable soup with 4-6 crackers

1 turkey sandwich (2 slices whole wheat bread, 1 ounce turkey and 1 ounce low-fat cheese, 1 teaspoon mayonnaise)1 small apple

• Dinner• (635 calories, 65 grams carbohydrate)• 4 ounces broiled chicken breast with basil and

oregano sprinkled on top2/3 cup cooked brown rice1/2 cup cooked carrots1 small whole grain dinner roll with 1 teaspoon margarineTossed salad with 2 tablespoons low-fat salad dressing4 unsweetened canned apricot halves or 1 small slice of angel food cake

• Snacks• (Each has 60 calories or 15 grams

carbohydrate. Pick two per day.)• 16 fat-free tortilla chips with salsa

1/2 cup artificially sweetened chocolate pudding1 ounce string cheese plus one small piece of fruit3 cups light popcorn.

Chicken Salad with Walnuts

Servings: 12Prep time: 20 minutesCook time: 15 minutesTotal: 35 minutes

Ingredients5 pounds skinless, boneless chicken breasts¾ cup non-fat sour cream¾ cup non-fat mayonnaise2 tablespoons white wine vinegar4 celery ribs, cut into small dice½ cup walnuts¼ cup chopped fresh tarragonfreshly ground pepper1 tsp saltextra tarragon for garnish

1. Poach the chicken breasts in simmering broth until cooked through, about 15 minutes. 2. Drain, cool, and cut into bite-sized pieces.3. In a small bowl, combine the sour cream, mayonnaise, and vinegar.4. Combine the chicken and dressing. 5. Before serving, add the celery, walnuts, tarragon, salt, and pepper to taste.

Directions