Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Ankle Pain

by Dane K. Wukich, and Dominic A. Tuason

J Bone Joint Surg AmVolume 92(10):2002-2016

August 18, 2010

©2010 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

Photograph illustrating the “too many toes” sign on the right foot, as is seen with posterior tibial tendon degeneration or rupture.

Dane K. Wukich, and Dominic A. Tuason J Bone Joint Surg Am 2010;92:2002-2016

©2010 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

T1-weighted axial magnetic resonance image of the ankle, illustrating fluid surrounding the flexor hallucis longus tendon, consistent with flexor hallucis longus tenosynovitis.

Dane K. Wukich, and Dominic A. Tuason J Bone Joint Surg Am 2010;92:2002-2016

©2010 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

T2-weighted sagittal magnetic resonance image of the ankle, demonstrating an os trigonum.

Dane K. Wukich, and Dominic A. Tuason J Bone Joint Surg Am 2010;92:2002-2016

©2010 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

Plantar flexion lateral ankle radiograph demonstrating posterior ankle impingement due to a Stieda process.

Dane K. Wukich, and Dominic A. Tuason J Bone Joint Surg Am 2010;92:2002-2016

©2010 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

Dane K. Wukich, and Dominic A. Tuason J Bone Joint Surg Am 2010;92:2002-2016

©2010 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

Dane K. Wukich, and Dominic A. Tuason J Bone Joint Surg Am 2010;92:2002-2016

©2010 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

Gould modification of the Brostrom procedure for lateral ankle instability, with the inferior extensor retinaculum being used to reinforce the ligament repair.

Dane K. Wukich, and Dominic A. Tuason J Bone Joint Surg Am 2010;92:2002-2016

©2010 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

Illustration depicting a peroneal tendon tear and repair.

Dane K. Wukich, and Dominic A. Tuason J Bone Joint Surg Am 2010;92:2002-2016

©2010 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

Anteroposterior ankle radiograph demonstrating a fracture of the lateral talar process.

Dane K. Wukich, and Dominic A. Tuason J Bone Joint Surg Am 2010;92:2002-2016

©2010 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

T1-weighted coronal magnetic resonance image of the ankle, demonstrating an osteochondral lesion of the medial part of the talus.

Dane K. Wukich, and Dominic A. Tuason J Bone Joint Surg Am 2010;92:2002-2016

©2010 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

Autologous osteochondral transplant for the treatment of an osteochondral lesion of the talus.

Dane K. Wukich, and Dominic A. Tuason J Bone Joint Surg Am 2010;92:2002-2016

©2010 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

Lateral radiograph of the ankle, demonstrating anterior osseous ankle impingement.

Dane K. Wukich, and Dominic A. Tuason J Bone Joint Surg Am 2010;92:2002-2016

©2010 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.