DIAGNOSTIC, USE CONSCIOUSNESS AND DIAGNOSTIC, USE CONSCIOUSNESS AND AVAILABILITY OF TIMBER IN THREE AVAILABILITY OF TIMBER IN THREE

MICROREGIONS OF SOUTHEAST MEXICOMICROREGIONS OF SOUTHEAST MEXICO

PROGRAMA DE ACCIÓN FORESTAL PROGRAMA DE ACCIÓN FORESTAL TROPICAL, A.C.TROPICAL, A.C.

Silvia del Amo Rodríguez, Patricia Yllescas HernándezCarmen Vergara Tenorio, José Refugio Flores, Teresita Arias Chalico

BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND

This work is about a process of knowledge and This work is about a process of knowledge and

community involvement during a time period of 5 community involvement during a time period of 5

years years The actions were carried out in 3 states of Mexico: The actions were carried out in 3 states of Mexico:

Campeche, Chiapas and VeracruzCampeche, Chiapas and Veracruz

The project emerged as a part of the following issues:The project emerged as a part of the following issues:

– Timber is an important fuel source for rural communities in MexicoTimber is an important fuel source for rural communities in Mexico

– There is a need of systematized information about use, availability and There is a need of systematized information about use, availability and consumption patterns of timber in Mexicoconsumption patterns of timber in Mexico

– There is a need of thinking about the present and future use of timber There is a need of thinking about the present and future use of timber in the community settingin the community setting

RESEARCH AND ACTIONSRESEARCH AND ACTIONS 1. Preliminary diagnostic of use, supply and 1. Preliminary diagnostic of use, supply and

issues about timber issues about timber

2. 2. Identification of representative Identification of representative

ecosystems regions and localitiesecosystems regions and localities

3.3. Community sensibility workshop Community sensibility workshop

4.4. Quantitative studies about consumption Quantitative studies about consumption

and availability of timberand availability of timber

5. 5. Data return to communitiesData return to communities

6. 6. Learned lessons Learned lessons

PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION During an evaluation meeting in During an evaluation meeting in

Catemaco Veracruz (1997), we used Catemaco Veracruz (1997), we used collective exercises to identify timber collective exercises to identify timber use as a main issue among community use as a main issue among community members.members.

IDENTIFICATION OF REPRESENTATIVE IDENTIFICATION OF REPRESENTATIVE ECOSYSTEM REGIONS & LOCALITIESECOSYSTEM REGIONS & LOCALITIES

Campeche:- X’pujil- Gral. Manuel Castilla Brito- Unión 20 de Junio “La Mancolona”- Nuevo Campanario

Chiapas:- Jerusalén- La Fortuna del Gallo Giro- Las Nubes

Veracruz:- Pajapan- Jicacal- San Juan Volador

SENSIBILITY SENSIBILITY WORKSHOPWORKSHOP

In the workshop we showed In the workshop we showed how to build rustic stoves to how to build rustic stoves to improve timber use.improve timber use.

Participants had interest for Participants had interest for learning and using new learning and using new building techniques and building techniques and local materials. local materials.

The above actions promoted The above actions promoted participation of different participation of different communities and a new communities and a new project of rustic stoves was project of rustic stoves was proposed.proposed.

TIMBER HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION TIMBER HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION PAJAPAN, VERACRUZPAJAPAN, VERACRUZ

HouseholdHousehold Inhabitants Inhabitants Daily Average Daily Average Consumption Consumption

per Household per Household (kg)(kg)

Per capita Per capita Consumption Consumption

11 77 10.7510.75 1.531.53

22 88 20.0020.00 2.502.50

33 55 8.758.75 1.751.75

44 44 9.009.00 2.252.25

55 33 4.504.50 1.501.50

66 55 11.5011.50 2.302.30

77 66 10.5010.50 1.751.75

88 77 66 0.850.85

99 66 6.256.25 1.041.04

AverageAverage 5.6 (+/- 5.6 (+/- 0.52)0.52)

9.69 (+/-1.51)9.69 (+/-1.51) 1.70(+/-1.70(+/-0.18)0.18)

SENSIBILITY WORKSHOPSSENSIBILITY WORKSHOPS• Chiapas: timber use consumption was high and there was not a clear idea of the future consequences of timber supply. However, the workshop motivated the reflection on the issue and consideration of preventive measures.

• Campeche: we detected a general worry about timber supply for drying hot peppers. Household timber use was not considered very important.

• Veracruz: we identified a significant shortcut of timber supply with an increase of costs and difficulties for access.

QUANTITATIVE STUDIESQUANTITATIVE STUDIESTMBER CONSUMPTION OR DEMANDTMBER CONSUMPTION OR DEMAND

Activities Activities

Household surveys- 60 questions Household surveys- 60 questions 285 cases285 cases

Hot pepper farmers surveys-60 Hot pepper farmers surveys-60 questionsquestions

18 cases 18 cases

Bakeries surveys-60 questionsBakeries surveys-60 questions 35 cases 35 cases

Measurement of household consumption Measurement of household consumption timbertimber

229 samples229 samples

Specific weight measurement of 26 tree Specific weight measurement of 26 tree species species

225 samples225 samples

Diameter measurement of 33 tree Diameter measurement of 33 tree species species

203 samples 203 samples

QUANTITATIVE STUDIESQUANTITATIVE STUDIESAVAILABILITY OR SUPPLY TIMBERAVAILABILITY OR SUPPLY TIMBER

- To determine the availability of timber we designed a- To determine the availability of timber we designed asimplified tree inventory method. simplified tree inventory method.

- To sample forest and non forest area, we consulted - To sample forest and non forest area, we consulted key informants and designed key informants and designed campesinocampesino maps reporting land’s maps reporting land’s

use and tenure types. use and tenure types.

- To carried out a forest masses inventory, we used - To carried out a forest masses inventory, we used stratified sampling. We also measured tree diametersstratified sampling. We also measured tree diametersand estimated tree ages to project tree growth and estimated tree ages to project tree growth and timber supply.and timber supply.

- Totally 10,000 trees and 108 - Totally 10,000 trees and 108 parcels were measured, covering parcels were measured, covering an area of 47, 500 man area of 47, 500 m22.

Landscape Landscape

Geographical Unit Geographical Unit Percentage Percentage of families of families that obtain that obtain

timber timber

Micro Micro regional regional

consumptioconsumption mn m3 3 a-a-11

ProductivityProductivity

mm3 3 a-a-11

Forest Forest 66 490490 5,2005,200

Mangrove Mangrove 99 730730 2,0902,090

TOTAL OF NON- TOTAL OF NON- PERTURBED ECOSYSTEMS PERTURBED ECOSYSTEMS

1515 1,2201,220 7,2907,290

Secondary vegetation Secondary vegetation 3838 3,0803,080 1,0601,060

Slash burn agricultural Slash burn agricultural parcelsparcels

1717 1,3801,380 00

Life fencesLife fences 2323 1,8701,870 1,9601,960

Home gardens and roadsHome gardens and roads 77 570570 00

TOTAL OF HUMAN TOTAL OF HUMAN PERTURBED ECOSYSTEMS PERTURBED ECOSYSTEMS

8585 6,9006,900 1,2201,220

TOTAL TOTAL 100100 8,1208,120 19,31019,310

FOREST INVENTORY FOR PAJAPAN, VERACRUZ

QUANTITATIVE STUDIESQUANTITATIVE STUDIES TIMBER AVAILABILITY OR SUPPLY TIMBER AVAILABILITY OR SUPPLY

Timber is the primary source of energy for household consumption and Timber is the primary source of energy for household consumption and the main source of energy for small business, in all the towns of the study the main source of energy for small business, in all the towns of the study Only in X’pujil-Campeche there is a substitution of timber by liquid gas. Only in X’pujil-Campeche there is a substitution of timber by liquid gas.

Women are at higher health risks because of continuous combustion Women are at higher health risks because of continuous combustion exposition.exposition.

The main factor that influences wood accessibility is the land tenure and The main factor that influences wood accessibility is the land tenure and collective decisions on its use.collective decisions on its use.

Timber extraction is NOT causing deforestation according to the following: Timber extraction is NOT causing deforestation according to the following:

- - Wood availability exceeds the current and future demand until 2010.Wood availability exceeds the current and future demand until 2010.- Forest areas in the study offer a higher amount of wood than the one that is - Forest areas in the study offer a higher amount of wood than the one that is currently extracted.currently extracted.

- The current demand can be satisfied using only altered vegetation and secondary - The current demand can be satisfied using only altered vegetation and secondary forest (acahuales).forest (acahuales).

- A very small proportion of wood is obtained from grown trees. The case for the - A very small proportion of wood is obtained from grown trees. The case for the dry pepper industry is different.dry pepper industry is different.

DATA RETURN TO DATA RETURN TO COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES

5 Reflection workshops-151 Participants5 Reflection workshops-151 Participants

Building of 151 improved rustic stoves Building of 151 improved rustic stoves in 10 communities: 78 in Chiapas, 30 in in 10 communities: 78 in Chiapas, 30 in Veracruz and 43 in Campeche.Veracruz and 43 in Campeche.

Building of a small-business stove for Building of a small-business stove for drying pepper.drying pepper.

Training and consolidation of a women’s Training and consolidation of a women’s group for building improved rustic stoves group for building improved rustic stoves

Agreements for creating forest reserves Agreements for creating forest reserves

IMPROVED RUSTIC STOVES IMPROVED RUSTIC STOVES

SMALL BUSSINESS OVEN SMALL BUSSINESS OVEN

SMALL BUSSINESS OVEN SMALL BUSSINESS OVEN

DATA RETURN TO COMMUNITIES DATA RETURN TO COMMUNITIES

Actions for a moreActions for a moreefficient use of timber inefficient use of timber inthe project, were thethe project, were theresult of the studies inresult of the studies inthe 3 regions, thethe 3 regions, thesensibility workshops,sensibility workshops,and the collaboration ofand the collaboration ofcommunity members,community members,specially the womenspecially the womenwhich modified theirwhich modified theirdaily journey.daily journey.

SICORELSICOREL

SICORELSICOREL

SICORELSICOREL

LESSONS LEARNEDLESSONS LEARNED

The main lesson we learned from this project The main lesson we learned from this project was that there is a need of socializing was that there is a need of socializing actions in rural areas, through participation actions in rural areas, through participation and integration of local knowledge. and integration of local knowledge.

This type of work implies a joint search This type of work implies a joint search among communities, researchers and among communities, researchers and ngo’s for creative solutions.ngo’s for creative solutions.

There is an imminent need for motivate the There is an imminent need for motivate the formation of self-help groups, given the formation of self-help groups, given the current conditions of the rural Mexican current conditions of the rural Mexican situation. situation.

LESSONS LEARNEDLESSONS LEARNED

DiagnosticDiagnostic FinanceFinance Demonstration as part of the sensibility and Demonstration as part of the sensibility and

appropriation process appropriation process Local promoters as facilitators in the process Local promoters as facilitators in the process Timber availability-preventive actionsTimber availability-preventive actions Learning and teaching processLearning and teaching process Women’s participation Women’s participation

ACKNOWLEDGMENSACKNOWLEDGMENS FMCN, CECADESU-SEMARNAT, Banco Mundial, Red de Desarrollo FMCN, CECADESU-SEMARNAT, Banco Mundial, Red de Desarrollo

Sustentable, SAGARPA.Sustentable, SAGARPA. Enrique Riegelhaupt, José María Ramos Prado, José Andrés Ramos Enrique Riegelhaupt, José María Ramos Prado, José Andrés Ramos

Prado, Diego Reygadas Prado, Silvia Purata Velarde, Juan Manuel Prado, Diego Reygadas Prado, Silvia Purata Velarde, Juan Manuel Frausto Leyva, Martha Araceli Tovar. Hugo Cessa Bernardi, Juan Frausto Leyva, Martha Araceli Tovar. Hugo Cessa Bernardi, Juan Guzmán Pérez, Felipe Guzmán, Gilberto MartínezCruz, Nicolas Guzmán Pérez, Felipe Guzmán, Gilberto MartínezCruz, Nicolas Álvarez Montejo, José Moisés Rodríguez Castellanos, Angélica M. Álvarez Montejo, José Moisés Rodríguez Castellanos, Angélica M. Aguilar Sánchez, Elfego Martínez, Isidro Martínez Lorenzo, Javier Aguilar Sánchez, Elfego Martínez, Isidro Martínez Lorenzo, Javier Rivera Soria de Campeche, Axel Trolle Tadeo, Antonio Rosas Rivera Soria de Campeche, Axel Trolle Tadeo, Antonio Rosas Marcelino, Isidra Pantaleón Martínez, Hipolita Martínez Martínez, Marcelino, Isidra Pantaleón Martínez, Hipolita Martínez Martínez, Claudia Antonio Martínez, y Ángela Martínez Martinez. Julio Aguilar Claudia Antonio Martínez, y Ángela Martínez Martinez. Julio Aguilar Méndez, Fabián Balam Dzib, Rufino Castro, José Refugio Cervantes, Méndez, Fabián Balam Dzib, Rufino Castro, José Refugio Cervantes, Javier Molina Cortés, Onésimo Cordero, Vicente García Izquierdo, Javier Molina Cortés, Onésimo Cordero, Vicente García Izquierdo, Beatriz Gordillo, Jaime Gordillo Aguilar, Mauricio Gutierrez Guzmán, Beatriz Gordillo, Jaime Gordillo Aguilar, Mauricio Gutierrez Guzmán, Juan Guzmán Pérez, Pedro Gutierrez Molina, Simón Herrnández Juan Guzmán Pérez, Pedro Gutierrez Molina, Simón Herrnández Martínez, Gonzálo López Pérez, Eleazar Martínez García, Elfego Martínez, Gonzálo López Pérez, Eleazar Martínez García, Elfego Martínez González, Vinicio Martínez Velázquez, Miguel Meneses Martínez González, Vinicio Martínez Velázquez, Miguel Meneses Guzmán, Antonio Molina, Cecilia Nájera, Miguel Pérez Arcos, Guzmán, Antonio Molina, Cecilia Nájera, Miguel Pérez Arcos, Jeremías Pérez, Carlos Pérez Entzin, Lucía Pérez Entinz, Sebastiana Jeremías Pérez, Carlos Pérez Entzin, Lucía Pérez Entinz, Sebastiana Pérez Entzin, Wlfrano Pérez Rodríguez, y Diego Ramírez y Guzmán.Pérez Entzin, Wlfrano Pérez Rodríguez, y Diego Ramírez y Guzmán.