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DialectRegional Dialect
Social Dialect
Language vs
Dialect
A variety of a language that is a characteristic of a particular group of the
language's speakers.
What is a Dialect ???
Regional
Dialect
So
ci
al
Dialect
Dialect
Regional Dialect
A variety of a language spoken in a particular area of
a country
E.g.: “American English”“British English”
Pronunciation
Lexis
Morphology
Syntax
Pronunciation
Lexis
Morphology
Syntax
Regional Dialects
Am
eric
an E
ngl
ish
Bri
tish
En
glis
h
/ka:r/
gas
dove
I don’t have a book
/ka:/
petrol
dived
I haven’t a book
SocialDialect
It is the variety of language
characteristic of a social background
or status
E.g.: “Upper Class people” and “Lower
Class people” in Bangladesh speak different variety of
“Bangla”
Pronunciation
Lexis
Morphology
Syntax
Pronunciation
Lexis
Morphology
Syntax
Social Dialects
Up
per
Cla
ss
Low
er C
lass
খা�চ্ছি�
জা�না�লা�
করতে�চ্ছি�
আচ্ছি� ভা��খা�ব
খা�ই��চ্ছি�
জা�নালা�
কর��চ্ছি�
আচ্ছি� ভা��খা���
Social Dialects vs Regional Dialects
Social Dialect Regional Dialect
Difference in use of lan-guage due to social class
discrepancies
Different in use of language due to geographical dis-
crepancies
Social Barriers Geographical Barriers
Distance is not an impor-tant factor
Distance is an important factor
The distinction is not clear-cut
The distinction is clear-cut
Can be easily influenced by external factors
Not easily influenced by ex-ternal factors
Language and Dialect • Both terms are often used interchangeably.
• Useally Principle of mutual simplicity differentiate between them.
Any 2 varieties which are
mutually intelligible are
taken to constitute two
dialects of the same
language.
If they are mutually
UNintelligible , then
they are separate
languages.
A language is a dialect with a navy and an army.
Weinreich, 1945:13.
Urdu Hindi
• In most cases, the use of one or another depends NOT on linguistic bases, but rather on socio-political factors.
Language vs DialectLanguage Dialects
Language is prestigious Dialect is not prestigious
Language is often taken as the standard
Dialect is thought to be non-standard
Language has recognized grammar rules, dictionary,
etc.
Dialect doesn’t have this recognition.
Standard language is often termed as the main lan-
guage and it is used in many places.
Dialect doesn’t have thus function
Language can unite a nation by separating it from other
nations
Dialect can create differ-ences within a nation.
CommunityA
CommunityB
BritishEnglish
AmericanEnglish
Mutually intelligibleCommon Cultural history
Same Language
CommunityA
CommunityB
English Hindi
Mutually unintelligibleDifferent Cultural history
Different Language
CommunityA
CommunityB
Norwegian Danish
Mutually unintelligibleDifferent Cultural history
CommunityA
CommunityB
Telegu Marathi
Mutually unintelligibleSame Cultural history
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uji
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uje
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ciBlagodaryatack
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eki
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riga
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