Diatremes
Buttner, R., Zimanowski, B., 1998, Physics and thermo-hydraulic explosions: Physical review. E, Statistical Physics, Plasmas, Fluids, and Related Interdisciplinary Topics, v. 57, p. 5726-5729.
Clement, C.R., Reid, A.M., 1989, The origin of Kimberlite pipes: Kimberlites and
Related Rocks: Proceedings of the Fourth International Kimberlite Conference 1986, Perth, Australia, v. 2, p. 167-169.
Clement, C.R., Skinner, E.M.W., 1984, Kimberlite re-defined: The Journal of
Geology, v. 92, p. 223-228. Dawson, J., 1971, Advances in Kimberlite geology: Earth-Science Reviews, v. 7,
p. 187-214. Dawson, J.B., Hawthorne, J.B., 1970, Intrusion features of some hypabyssal
South African Kimberlites: Bulletin Volcanologique: Oragane de la Section de Volcanologie de l’Union Géodésique et Géophysique Internationale, v. 34, p. 740-757.
Fisher, R.V., Waters, A.C., 1970, Base surge bed forms in Maar volcanoes:
American Journal of Science, v. 268, p. 157-180. Gonzales, D.A., Burgess, R.T., Critchley, M.R., and Turner, B.E. 2006. New
perspectives on the emplacement mechanisms involved in diatreme formation in the northeastern Navajo volcanic field, southwestern Colorado. Geol. Soc. Amer. Abstracts with Programs, RMS 58th Annual Meeting, v. 38, no. 6, abstract 2-2, p. 4.
Hanson, R.S., Hargrove, U.S., 1999, Processes of magma/ wet sediment
interaction in a large-scale Jurassic andesitic peperite complex, northern Sierra Nevada, California: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 60, p. 610-626.
White, J.D., McPhie, L.J., and Skilling, I., 2000, Peperite: a useful genetic term:
Bulletin of Volcanology, v.62, p. 65-66. Hawthorn, J.B. 1968, Kimberlite sills: Transaction of the Geological Society of
South Africa, v. 71, p. 291-311. Head, J.W. III and Wilson, L. Diatremes and kimberlites1: definition,
geological characteristics and associations: 8 th International Kimberlite Conference Long Abstract.
Kokelaar, Peter, 1986, Magma-water interactions in subaqueous and emergent
basaltic volcanism: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 48, p. 275-289.
Lorenz, V. 1974. On the formation of maars: Bulletin Volcanologique organe de la Section de volcaonlgie de l’Union Ge’odesique et geophysique Internationale. V. 37 I.2 183-204.
Lorenz, V. 1975, Formation of phreatomagmatic maar-diatreme volcanoes
and its relevance to kimberlite diatremes: Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, v. 9, p. 17-27.
MacGregor, I.D. 1970, An hypothesis for the origin of kimberlite:
Mineralogical Society of America Special Paper, v. 3, p. 51-62. McCallum, M.E. 1976, An emplacement model to explain contrasting mineral
assemblages in adjacent kimberlite pipes: Journal of Geology, v. 84, p. 673-684.
McCulloch, M.T., Jaques, A.L., Nelson, D.R., Lewis, J.D. 1983, Nd and Sr
isotopes in kimberlites from Western Australia; an enriched mantle: Nature, v. 302, p. 400-403.
McGetchin, T.R., Smith, D., Ehrenberg, S.N., Roden, M.F. and Wilshire, H.G.
1977. Navajo kimberlites and minettes: Field Guide to the 2nd International Kimberlite Conference, Santa Fe, New Mexico, unpaginated.
Ollier, C.D., 1967, Maars: their characteristics, varieties, and definition: Bulletin
Volcanologique, v. 31, p. 45-73. Woolsey, T.S., McCallum, M.E., Schumm, S.A. 1975. Modeling of diatreme
emplacement by fluidization: Physics and chemistry of the earth. V. 9. 29-42.
Cenozoic Magmatism, Western U.S. Davis, L.L., and Smith, D., 1993, Ni-rich olivine in minettes from Two Buttes,
Colorado: A connection between potassic melts from mantle and low Ni partition coefficients: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 57, pp. 123-129.
Elkins-Tanton, L.T., 2003, Evidence for deep melting of hydrous metasomatized
mantle: Pliocene high-potassium magmas from the Sierra Nevadas: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 108, p. 9.1-9.19.
Linda, L., Davis, Smith, D., McDowell, F.W., Walker, N.W., Berg, L.E., 1996,
Eocene potassic magmatism at Two Buttes, Colorado, with implications for the Cenozoic tectonics and magma generation in the western United States: GSA Bulletin, v. 108, p. 1567-1579.
Lipman, P.W., Protska, H.J., Christiansen, R.L., 1972, Cenozoic volcanism and plate-tectonic evolution of the western United States: Royal Society, Mathematical and physical sciences, Series A, v. 271, p. 217- 248.
Riter, J.C.A. and Smith D., 1996, Xenolith constraints on the thermal history of the mantle below the Colorado Plateau: Department of geological Sciences, University of Texas, Austin.
Rowell, W.F., and Edgar, A.D., 1983, Cenozoic potassium-rich mafic volcanism
in the western U.S.A.; its relationship to deep subduction: University of Western Ontario, Department of Geology, London, Canada N6A 5B7
Cenozoic Tectonics, Western U.S.
Appledorn, C.R., and Wright, H.E., 1957, Volcanic structures in the Chuska Mountains, Navajo Reservation, Arizona-New Mexico: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 68, p. 445-468.
Atwater, T. 2003. How Laramide-age hydration of North American lithosphere by
the Farallon slab controlled subsequent activity in the Western United States. in Klemperer, S.L., and Ernst, W.G., (eds.) The Lithosphere of Western North America and its Geophysical Characterization, International Book Series 7; Bellwether Publishing for the Geological Society of America. Columbia, MD, 524-544.
Burgess, R.T., and Gonzales, D.A., 2005, New insight into the formation of
diatremes in the northern Navajo volcanic field, Weber Mountain, southwestern Colorado: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs Vol. 37, No. 6, p. 11.
Chamberlain, R.M., McIntosh, W.C., and Dimeo, M.I., 2007, Geochronology of
Oligocene mafic dikes within the southeastern Colorado Plateau: Implication to regional: Implications to regional stress fields of the early Rio Grande rift: GSA Abstract with Programs October 2007, abstract 182-14, p. 496.
Delaney, P.T., 1987, Ship Rock, New Mexico: the vent of a violent volcanic
eruption; in Beus, S.S., ed., Geological Society of America Centennial Field Guide, Rocky Mountain Section, v. 2, p. 411-415.
Dickenson, W. R., 1979, Cenozoic plate tectonic setting of the cordilleran region
in the United States, in Proceedings, Pacific Coast Paleogeography Symposium, 3rd, Los Angeles, March 1979, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, 13 p. Humphreys, E., Hessler, E., Dueker, K., Farmer, G.L., Erslev, E., and
Elkins-Tanton, Linda T., Grove, Timothy L., 2003, Evidence for deep melting of hydrous metasomatized mantle: Pliocene high-potassium magmas from the Sierra Nevadas: Journal of geophysical research, 108(B7), p. 9-1 – 9-19.
Evans, James P., Oaks Jr., Robert Q., 1996, Three dimensional variations in
extensional fault shape and basin form: the Cache Valley basin, eastern basin and range province, United States: U.S. Geological Society Bulletin, 108, p.1580-1593.
Gran, K.B., and Montgomery, D.R., 2005, Spatial and temporal patterns in fluvial
recovery following volcanic eruptions: Channel response to basin-wide sediment loading at Mount Pinatubo, Philippines, Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 117, no. 1, p. 195-211.
Gregory, H.E., 1917, Geology of the Navajo country: a reconnaissance of parts
of Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 93, 161 p.
Karlstrom, K.E., and Humphreys, E.D., 1998, Persistent influence of Proterozoic
accretionary boundaries in the tectonic evolution of southwestern North America: Interaction of cratonic grain and mantle modification events: Rocky Mountain Geology, v. 33, no. 2, p. 161-179.
Karlstrom, K.E., Whitmeyer, S.J., Dueker, K., Williams, M.L., Bowring, S.A.,
Levander, A., Humphreys, E.D., Keller, G.R., and the CD-ROM Working Group, 2005, Synthesis of results from the CD-ROM experiment: 4-D image of the lithosphere beneath the Rocky Mountains and implications for understanding the evolution of continental lithosphere, in Karlstrom, K.E., and Keller, G.R., eds., The Rocky Mountain Region: An Evolving Lithosphere (Tectonics, Geochemistry, and Geophysics), Geophysical Monography Series 154, p. 421-441.
Laughlin, A.W., Aldrich, M.J., Shafiqullah, M., and Husler, J. 1986. Tectonic
implications of the age, composition, and orientation of the lamprophyre dikes, Navajo volcanic field, Arizona. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 76, 361-374.
Lee, C.-T.A. 2005. Trace element evidence for hydrous metasomatism at the
base of the North American lithosphere and possible association with low angle subduction. J. Geol. 113, 673-685.
Lipman, P.W. 1980. Cenozoic volcanism in the western United States:
Implications for continental tectonics in Burchfiel, B.C., Oliver, J.E., and Silver, L.T. (eds.) Continental Tectonics. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., 161-174.
Miller, D., 1992, Late Cretaceous to early Eocene geological evolution of the U.S. cordillera: The Geology of North America, v.G-3, p. 205-255.
General NVF Geology
Cather, S.M., Connell, S.D., Chamberlin, R.M., McIntosh, W.C., 2007, The Chuska erg: Paleogeomorphic and paleoclimatic implications of an Oligocene sand sea on the Colorado Plateau: GSA Bulletin, 21 p.
Irwin, J.H., Stevens, P.R., and Cooley, M. E., 1971, Geology of the Paleozoic
rocks, Navajo and Hopi Indian reservations, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah: U.S. Geological Society Professional Paper 521-C, p.C1-C31.
Lucas, S.G., Semken, S.C., Heckbert , A.B., Berglof, W.R., Hoffman G., Kues,
B.S., Crumpler, L.S, Aubele, J.C., 2003. Geology of the Zuni plateau. In Lucas, S.G, Semken, S.C., Berglof, W.R., Ulmer-Scholle, D.S. (Eds.) New Mexico Geologic Society Fifty-Fourth Annual Field Conference, p. 1-26.
Colorado Plateau and NVF Magmatism Akers, J.P., Shorty, J.C., and Stevens, P.R., 1971, Hydrogeology of the Cenozoic
igneous rocks, Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 521-D, 18 p.
Benoit, V. and Mercier, J.-C.C. 1986. Les enclaves ultramafiques du volcanisme
alcalin tertiaire du centre du plateau du Colorado: implications tectoniques. Bull. Geol. Soc. France 6, 1015-1023.
Gonzales, D.A., Burgess, R.T., Critchley, M.R., and Turner, B.E., 2006, New
perspectives on the emplacement mechanisms involved in diatreme formation in the northeastern Navajo volcanic field, southwestern Colorado: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, RMS 58th Annual Meeting, v. 38, no. 6, abstract 2-2, p. 4.
Greenwood, R., 1963. Intrusion of mobilized tuff, Catron county, New Mexico.
Geologic Society of America Bulletin, v. 74, p. 1505-1506. Kamenetsky, M.B., Sobolev, A.V., and Kamenetsky, V.S., Mass, R.,
Danyushevsky, L.V., Thomas, R., Pokhilenko, N.P., and Sobolev, N.V., 2004, Kimberlite melt rick in alkali chlorides and carbonates: A potent metasomatic agent in the mantle: Geology, v. 32, no. 10, p. 845-848.
Laughlin, A.W., Charles, R.W., and Aldrich, M.J., 1989, Heteromophism and
crystallization paths of katungites, Navajo volcanic field, USA in Ross, J., ed., Kimberlites and Related Rocks, Volume 1, Proceedings on the Fourth
International Kimberlite Conference: GSA Special Publication No. 14, p. 582-591.
Laughlin, A.W., Aldrich, M.J., Shafiqullah, M., and Husler, J., 1986, Tectonic
Implications of the age, composition, and orientation of the lamprophyre dikes, Navajo volcanic field, Arizona: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 76, p. 361-374.
McDowell, F.W. Roden, M.F., Smith, D., 1986, Tectonic implications of the age,
composition, and orientation of lamprophyre dikes, Navajo volcanic field, Arizona: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 80, p. 418-420.
McDowell, F.W., Roden, M.F., Smith, D., 1986, Comments on “Tectonic
implications of the age, composition, and orientation of the lamprophyre dikes, Navajo volcanic field, Arizona”.: Earth and planetary science letters, v.80, p.415-417.
Mousumi, R., Shari, K., Pazzaglia, F., Cather, S., and House, M., 2004, Middle
Tertiary buoyancy modification and its relationship to rock exhumation, cooling, and subsequent extension of the Colorado Plateau, Geology, v. 32, p. 925-928.
Mutschler, F.E., Larsen, E.E., and Bruce, R.M., 1987, Laramide and younger
magmastism in Colorado: Colorado School of Mines Quarterly, v. 82, p. 1-45. Naeser, C.W., 1971, Geochemistry of the Navajo-Hopi diatremes: Journal of
Geophysical Research, v. 76, p. 4978-4985. Nealy, L.D, Sheriden, M.F. 1989. Post-Laramide volcanic rocks of Arizona and
northern Senora, Mexican and their inclusions. Arizona Geological Society Digest, V.17, 609-647.
Nicholls, J.W., 1969, Studies of the volcanic petrology of the Navajo-Hopi area,
Arizona: Doctoral Dissertation, University of California, Berkeley, 107 p. Nowell, G.M., 1993, Cenozoic potassic magmatism and uplift of the western
United States: Doctoral Dissertation, Milton Keynes, UK, Open University, 251 p.
Roden, 1981, Origin of coexisting minette and ultramafic breccia, Navajo volcanic
field: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 77, p. 195-206. Roden, M.F., and Smith, D., 1979, Field geology, chemistry, and petrology of
Buell Park minette diatreme, Apache County, Arizona; in Boyd, F.R., and Meyer, H.O.A., eds., Kimberlites, diatremes, and diamonds: their geology, petrology, and geochemistry: Washington, American Geophysical Union, p. 364-381.
Roden, M.D., Smith, D., and McDowell, F.W., 1979, Age and extent of potassic
volcanism on the Colorado Plateau: Earth and planetary science letters, v.43, p.279-284.
Semken, S.C., 2001, The Navajo volcanic field in Crumpler, L.S., Lucas, S.G., eds., Volcanology in New Mexico: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulleting 18, p. 79-83.
Turner, B., and Gonzales, D.A., 2006, Gonzales, D.A., 2006, An investigation of
the geology and emplacement history of the Wetherill Mesa diatreme, southwestern Colorado: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, RMS 58th Annual Meeting, v. 38, no. 6, abstract 19-2, p. 19.
Vaniman, D., Laughlin, A.W., and Gladney, E.S., 1985, Navajo minettes in the
Cerros de las Mujeres, New Mexico: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 74, p. 69-80.
Williams, H., 1936, Pliocene volcanoes of the Navajo-Hopi country: Geological
Society of America Bulletin, v. 47, p. 111-172.
Spanish Peaks Magmatism
Larson, E.E., Strangeway, D.W., 1969. Magnetization of Spanish Peaks dike swarm, Colorado, and Ship Rock dike, New Mexico. Journal of Geophysical Research, V. 74, No. 6, 1505-1514.
Melt Inclusions Kamenestky, M.B., Sobolev, A.V., Kamenestky, V.S., 2004, Kimberlite melts rich
in alkali chlorides and carbonates: A potent metasomatic agent in the mantle: Geology, v. 32, no. 10, p. 845- 848.
Michels, J., 2007, Glimpse of inner earth: Science, v. 316, no. 5827, p. 961. Schiano, P., 2003, Primitive mantle magmas recorded as silica melt inclusions in
igneous minerals: Earth- Science Reviews, v. 63, p. 121- 144.
Kimberlite Facies
Aoki, K., Fujino, K. and Akaogi, M. 1976. Titanochondrodite and titanoclinohumite derived from the upper mantle in the Buell Park kimberlite, Arizona, USA. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 56, 243-253.
Clement, C.R. 1975. The emplacement of some diatreme facies kimberlites. Phys. Chem. Earth 9, 51-59.
Clement, C.R. and Skinner, E.M.W., 1985. A textural-genetic classification of
kimberlites. Trans. Geol. Soc. South Africa 88, 403-409. Dixon, J.E., Dixon, T.H., Bell, D.R. and Malservisi, R., 2004. Lateral variation in
upper mantle viscosity: Role of water. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 222, 451-467. Field, M. and Scott Smith, B.H. 1999. Contrasting geology and near surface
emplacement of kimberlite pipes in southern Africa and Canada. Proc. 7th International Kimberlite Conf. 1, 214-237.
Hawthorne, J.B. 1975. Model of a kimberlite pipe. Physics and Chemistry of the
Earth. V.9. 1-15. Hawthorne, J.B. 1975. Model of a kimberlite pipe. Phys. Chem. Earth 9, 1-15. Hearn, B.C. 1968. Diatremes with kimberlitic affinities in north-central Montana.
Science 159, 622-626. Hearn, C.B. Jr., Hyndman, D.W., Dudas, F.O., O’Brien, R.B., McCallum, I.S.,
Irving, A.J., Berg, R.B., 1989, Montana high-potassium igneous province: American Geophysical Union, Crazy Mountains to Jordan, Montana field trip guidebook T346 July 20-27, 1989, p.1-78.
Hunter, W.C. 1979. The Garnet Ridge and Red Mesa kimberlitic diatremes,
Colorado Plateau: geology, mineral chemistry, and geothermobarometry. Ph.D. thesis, University of Texas, Austin, Texas.
Hunter, W.C. and Smith, D. 1981. Garnet peridotite from Colorado Plateau
ultramafic diatremes: hydrates, carbonates, and comparative geothermobarometry. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 76, 312-320.
Irving, A.J., and Hearn, B.C. Jr., 2003, Alkalic rocks of Montana: kimberlites,
lamproites, and related magma rocks: Edited by Kjarsgaard, B.A., Geological Survey of Canada, Montana field trip guide June 16-21, 2003, p.1-44.
Kurszlaukis, S. and Lorenz, V. 2008. Formation of “Tuffisitic Kimberlites” by
phreatomagmatic processes. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 174, 68-80. Lorenz, V. 1975. Formation of phreatomagmatic maar–diatreme volcanoes and
its relevance to kimberlite diatremes. Phys. Chem. Earth 9, 17-27. McGetchin, T.R. 1968. The Moses Rock Dike: Geology, petrology and mode of
emplacement of a kimberlite-bearing breccia-dike, San Juan County, Utah. Ph.D. thesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 405 p.
McGetchin, T.R. and Silver, L.T. 1970. Compositional relations in minerals from
kimberlite and related rocks in the Moses Rock dike, San Juan County, Utah. Amer. Mineral. 55, 1738-1771.
Dódony, I. and Buseck, P.R. 2004. Serpentines close-up and intimate: An
HRTEM view. Internat’l. Geol. Rev. (R. Coleman Volume) 46, 507-527. Malde, H.E. 1954. Serpentine pipes at Garnet Ridge. Science 119, 618. Goff, F., Chipera, S., Counce, D., and Kluk, E. 2002. Evaluation of ultramafic
diatremes and related volcanic rocks for carbon dioxide sequestration in the United States. Los Alamos National Laboratory Report LA-13921-MS, 72 pp (http://www.doe.gov/bridge).
Lorenz, V. 1973. On the formation of maars. Bull. Volcanol. 37, 183-204. Lorenz, V. and Kurszlaukis, S., 2007. Root zone processes in the
phreatomagmatic pipe emplacement model and consequences for the evolution of maar–diatreme volcanoes. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 159, 4-32.
The Mantle sample: inclusions in kimberlites and other volcanics. 1979. In Boyd,
F.R., Meyer, H.O.A. Eds. Proceedings of the second international kimberlite conference V.2. American Geophysical Union, Washington D.C. 309-365.
Potassic Magmatism in the Western U.S. Alibert, C., Michard, A., and Albarede, F., 1986, Isotope and trace-element
geochemistry of Colorado Plateau volcanics: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 50, p. 2735-2750.
Beard, B.L., and Johnson, C.M., 1993, Hf isotope composition of late Cenozoic
basaltic rocks from northwestern Colorado, USA: New constraints on mantle enrichment processes: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 119, p. 495-509.
Carlson, R.W., and Nowell, G.M., 2001, Olivine-poor sources for mantle-derived
magmas: Os and Hf isotopic evidence from potassic magmas of the Colorado Plateau: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 2, paper number 2000GC000128.
Ehrenberg, S.N., 1979, Garnetiferous ultramafic inclusions in minette from the
Navajo volcanic field, in Boyd, F.R., and Meyer, O.A., ed., The mantle sample: Inclusions in kimberlites and other volcanic rocks: Proceedings of the Second International Kimberlite Conference Volum2 2, American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C., p.330-344.
Ehrenberg, S.N., 1982a, Petrogenesis of garnet lherzolite and megacrystalline
nodules from The Thumb, Navajo volcanic field: Journal of Petrology, v. 23, p. 507-547.
Ehrenberg, S.N., 1982b, Rare earth element geochemistry of garnet lherzolite
and megacrystalline nodules from minette of the Colorado Plateau province: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.57, no.1, pp.191-210.
Esperança, S. and Holloway, J.R. 1986. The origin of the high-K latites from
Camp Creek, Arizona: constraints from experiments with variable fO2 an. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 93, 504-512.
Farmer, G.L., Bailey, T., Elkins-Tanton, L.T., 2008, Mantle source volumes and
the origin of the mid-Tertiary Ignimbrite flare-up in the Southern Rocky Mountains, western U.S.: LITHOS, p. 279-294.
Fedele, L., Bodnar, R.J., DeVivo, B., Tracy, R., 2003, Melt inclusion
geochemistry and computer modeling of trachyte petrogenesis at Ponza, Italy: Chemical Geology, v. 194, p. 81-104.
Frezzotti, M-L., 2001, Silicate-melt inclusions in magmatic rocks: applications in
petrology: Lithos, v. 55, p. 273-299. Gibson, S.A., Thompson, R.N., Leat, P.T., Morrison, M.A., Hendry, G.L., Dickin,
A.P., and Mitchell, J.G. 1993. Ultrapotassic magmas along the flanks of the Oligo-Miocene Rio Grande Rift, USA: monitors of the zone of lithospheric mantle extension and thinning beneath a continental rift: Journal of Petrology, v. 34, 187-228.
Jones, A.P., and Smith, J.V., 1983, Petrological significance of mineral chemistry
in the Agathla Peak and The Thumb minettes, Navajo volcanic field: Journal of Geology, v. 91, p. 643-656.
Powell, J.L., and Bell, K., 1970, Strontium isotopic studies of the alkalic rocks:
Localities from Australia, Spain, and the western United States: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 27, p. 1-10.
Roden, M.F., Smith, D., and Murthy, V.R., 1990, Chemical constraints on
lithosphere composition and evolution beneath the Colorado Plateau: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 95, p. 2811-2831.
Roden, M.F., Shimizu, N., 2000, Trace element abundances in mantle-derived
minerals which bear on compositional complexities in the lithosphere of the Colorado Plateau: Chemical Geology, v. 165, p. 41-46
Rowell, W. F., Edgar, A. D., 1983, Cenozoic potassium-rich mafic volcanism in the western USA: its relationship to deep subduction: Journal of geology, 91, p. 338-341.
Schiano, P., 2003, Primitive mantle magmas recorded as silicate melt inclusions in igneous minerals: Earth Science Reviews, v. 63, p. 121-144.
Schmincke, H.-U., 2004, Volcanism, Berlin, Springer-Verlag, p. 229-258. Sobolev, A.V., Hofmann, A.W., Kuzmin, D.V., and others, 2007, The amount of
recycled crust in sources of mantle-derived melts: Science, v. 316, April 20, p. 412-417.
Turner, G., Burgess, R., and Bannon, M., 1990, Volatile-rich mantle fluids
inferred from inclusions from diamond and mantle xenoliths: Nature, v. 334, p. 653-655.
Regional Geochemical Studies
Aines, R.D. and Rossman, G.R. 1984. Water content of mantle garnets. Geol. 12, 720-723.
Alibert, C., Michard, A., and Albarede, F. 1986. Isotope and trace-element
geochemistry of Colorado Plateau volcanics. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 50, 2735-2750.
Bell, D.R. 1993. Hydroxyl in mantle minerals. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis,
California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA. Boettcher, A.L. and O'Neil, J.R. 1980. Stable isotope, chemical, and
petrographic studies of high-pressure amphiboles and micas: evidence for metasomatism in the mantle source regions of alkali basalts and kimberlites. Amer. J. Sci. 280A, 594-621.
Brand, B.D., Clarke, A.B., and Semken, S. (2009) Eruptive dynamics and
depositional processes of Narbona Pass maar volcano, Navajo volcanic field, Navajo Nation, New Mexico (USA): Bull. Volcanol. 71, 49-77.
Esperança, S. and Holloway, J.R. 1987. On the origin of some mica-
lamprophyres: experimental evidence from a mafic minette: Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 95, 207-216.
Delaney, J.S., Smith, J.V., Carswell, D.A. and Dawson, J.B., 1979, Chemistry of
micas from kimberlites and xenoliths- II. Primary- and secondary- textured micas from kimberlite xenoliths: Geochmica Et Cosmochimica ACTA, Oxford, v. 44, issue 6, p. 857-872.
Edgar, A.D., and Arima, M, 1985, Fluorine and chlorine contents of phlogopites
crystallized from ultrapotassic rock compositions in high pressure experiments: implication for halogen reservoirs in source regions: American Mineralogist, v. 70, p. 529-536.
Esperanca, S., Holloway, J.R., 1987, On the origin of some mica-lamprophyres:
experimental evidence from a mafic minette: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 95, p. 207-216.
Goff, F., Stimac, J.A., Laracque, A.C.L., et al., 1994, Gold degassing and
deposition at the Galeras volcano, Colombia, GSA Today, v. 4, p. 241-247. Laughlin, A.W. 1991. Whole-rock and mineral chemical data for lamprophyre
dikes of the Navajo Volcanic Field. Los Alamos National Laboratory Report LA-12126-MS, 32 p.
Laughlin, A.W., Charles, R.W., and Aldrich, M.J. 1989. Heteromorphism and
crystallization paths of katungites, Navajo volcanic field, USA. In Ross, J. (ed.) Kimberlites and Related Rocks, Volume 1, Their composition, occurrence, origin and emplacement. Geol. Soc. Australia Spec. Publ. 14, 582-591.
Nemeth, K., 2000, Collapse structures of an eroded maar/diatreme volcanic field
from Central Otago, New Zealand: The Crater as an example: University of Otago, New Zealand, 374 p.
McCoy, A., Karlstrom, K.E., and Shaw, C.A., 2005, The Paleoproterozoic
ancestry of the Colorado Mineral Belt: 1.4 Ga shear zone system in central Colorado in Karlstrom, K.E., and Keller, G.R., eds., The Rocky Mountain Region: An Evolving Lithosphere (Tectonics, Geochemistry, and Geophysics), Geophysical Monography Series 154, p. 71-90.
Self, S., Kienle, J., Huot, J.P., 1980, Ukinrek Maars, Alaska, II. deposits and
formation of the 1977 craters: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 7, p. 39-65.
Sheridan, M.F., Wohletz, K.H., 1988, Hydrovolcanism: Basic considerations and
Review: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 17, p. 1-29. Schaefer, Bruce F., Turner, Simon P., Rogers, Nick W., Hawkesworth, Chris J.,
Williams, Helen M., Pearson, D. Graham, and Nowell, Geoffrey M., 2000, Re-Os isotope characteristics of postorogenic lavas: implications for the nature of young lithospheric mantle and its contribution to basaltic magmas: Geology, 28, p. 563-566.
Sillitoe, R.H., and Bonham, H.F., 1984, Volcanic landforms and ore deposits,
Economic Geology, v. 79, p. 1286-1298.
Smith, D., 1979, Hydrous minerals and carbonates in Peridotitic inclusions from
the green knobs and Buell park Kimberlitic Diatremes on the Colorado Plateau: in The Mantle sample: Inclusions in Kimberlites and other volcanics: American Geophysics Union, v. 2, p. 107-125.
Smith, J.V., Delaney, J.S., Hervig, R.L. and Dawson, J.B.,1981, Storage of F and
Cl in the upper mantle: geochemical implications: Lithos v. 14, p.133-147. Smith, D., Griffin, W.L., Ryan, C.G., Sie, S.H., 1991, Trace-element zonation in
garnets from The Thumb: heating and melt infiltration below the Colorado Plateau: Department of Geological Sciences, v. 107, p. 60-79.
Smith, D., Levy, S., 1976, Petrology of the green diatreme and implications for
the upper mantle below the Colorado Plateau: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 29, p. 107-125.
SIMS Hervig, R.L., Mazbad, F.K., Williams, P., Guan, Y., Huss, G.R., Leshin, L.A.,
2006, Useful ion yields for Cameca IMS 3f and 6f SIMS: Limits on quantitative analysis: Chemical Geology, v. 227, p. 83-99.
Xenoliths, NVF Allan, Murray M., Yardley, Bruce W. D., Forbes, Linda J., Shmulovich, Kirill,
Banks, David A., and Shepherd, Thomas J., 2005, Validation of LA-ICP-MS fluid inclusion analysis with synthetic fluid inclusions: American mineralogist, 90, p. 1767-17775.
Anderson, Tom, Neumann, Else-Ragnhild, 2001, Fluid inclusions in mantle
xenoliths: Lithos, 55, p. 301-320. Broadhurst, J.R. 1986. Mineral reactions in xenoliths from the Colorado plateau:
implications for lower crustal compositions and fluid compositions. In Dawson, J.B., Carswell, D.A., Hall, J., and Wedepohl, K.H. (eds.) The nature of the lower continental crust. Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ. 24, 331-349.
Crowley, J.L., Schmitz, M.D., Bowring, S.A., Williams, M.L., Karlstrom, K.E.,
2006, U/Pb and Hf isotopic analysis of zircon in lower crustal xenoliths from the Navajo volcanic field; 1.4 Ga mafic magmatism and metamorphism beneath the Colorado Plateau: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 151, p. 313-330.
Frezzotti, Maria-Luce, Touret, Jacques L.R., Lustenhouwer, Wim J., and Neumann, Else-Ragnild, 1994, Melt and fluid inclusions in dunite xenoliths from La Gomera, Canary Islands: tracking the mantle metasomatic fluids: Eur. J. Mineral, 6, p. 805-817.
Ehrenberg, S.N., 1978, Petrology of potassic volcanic rocks and ultramafic
xenoliths from the Navajo volcanic field, New Mexico and Arizona [Ph.D. thesis]: Los Angeles, University of California at Los Angeles, 256 p.
Ehrenberg, S.N., and Griffin, W.L. 1979. Garnet granulite and associated
xenoliths in minette and serpentinite diatremes of the Colorado Plateau. Geol. 7, 483-487.
Helmstaedt, H.H. and Doig, R. 1975. Eclogite nodules from kimberlite pipes of
the Colorado Plateau – samples of subducted Franciscan-type oceanic lithosphere. Phys. Chem. Earth 9, 95-111.
Helmstaedt, H.H. and Schulze, D.J. 1991. Early to Mid-Tertiary inverted
metamorphic gradient under the Colorado Plateau: evidence from eclogite xenoliths in ultramafic microbreccias; Navajo Volcanic Field. J. Geophys. Res. 96, 13225-13235.
Helmstaedt, H.H. and Schulze, D.J. 1979. Garnet clinopyroxenite – chlorite
eclogite transition in a xenolith from Moses Rock: further evidence for metamorphosed ophiolites under the Colorado Plateau. In Boyd, F.R. and Meyer, H.O.A. (eds.),The Mantle Sample: Inclusions in Kimberlites and Other Volcanics. Washington, DC, American Geophysical Union, 357-365.
Herzberg, Claude, 2007, Food for a volcanic diet: Science, 316, p. 378-379. Hiraga, Takehiko, Anderson, Ian M., Kohlstedt, David L., 2003, Chemistry of
grain boundaries in mantle rocks: American mineralogist, 88, p. 1015-1019. Humphreys, Madeleine C.S., Kearns, Stuart L., and Blundy, Jon D., 2006, SIMS
investigation of electron-beam damage to hydrous, rhyolitic glasses: implications for melt inclusion analysis: American mineralogist, 91, p. 667-679.
Mattie, P.D., Condie, K.C., Selverstone, J., Kyle, P.R., 1997, Origin of the
continental crust in the Colorado Plateau; geochemical evidence from mafic xenoliths from the Navajo volcanic field, Southwestern USA: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 61, p. 2007-2021.
Helmstaedt, H.H. and Schulze, D.J. 1988. Eclogite-facies ultramafic xenoliths
from Colorado Plateau diatreme breccias: comparison with eclogites in crustal environments, evaluation of the subduction hypothesis, and implications for eclogite xenoliths from diamondiferous kimberlites. In Smith, D.C. (ed.) Eclogites and Eclogite Facies Rocks. Elsevier, New York, 387-450.
Helmstaedt, H.H. and Schulze, D.J. 1979. Garnet clinopyroxenite – chlorite
eclogite transition in a xenolith from Moses Rock: further evidence for metamorphosed ophiolites under the Colorado Plateau In Boyd, F.R. and Meyer, H.O.A. (eds.) The Mantle Sample: Inclusions in Kimberlites and Other Volcanics. Washington, DC, American Geophysical Union, 357-365.
Ritter, J.C.A., and Smith, D., 1996, Xenolith constraints on the thermal history of
the mantle below the Colorado Plateau: Geology, v. 24, p. 267-270. Selverstone, J., Pun, A., Condie, K.C., 1999, Xenolithic evidence for Proterozoic
crustal evolution beneath the Colorado Plateau: GSA Bulletin, v. 111, no 4, p. 590-606.
Smith, D., 1995, Chlorite-rich ultramafic reaction zones in Colorado Plateau
xenoliths: recorders of-moho hydration: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology v. 121, p. 185-200.
Smith, D., 2000, Insights into the evolution of the uppermost continental mantle
from xenoliths localities on and near the Colorado Plateau and regional comparisons: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 105, p. 16,769-16,781.
Smith, D., Ehrenberg, S. N., 1984, Zoned minerals in garnet peridotite nodules
from the Colorado Plateau: implications for mantle metasomatism and kinetics, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 86, p. 274-285.
Smith, D., and Griffin, W.L., 2005, Garnetite xenoliths and mantle-water
interactions below the Colorado plateau, southwestern United States: Journal of Petrology, v. 46, p. 1901-1924.
Smith, D. and Riter, A.J.C., 1997 Genesis and evolution of low-Al orthopyroxene
in spinel peridotite xenoliths, Grand Canyon field, Arizona, USA: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 127, p. 391-404.
Smith, D., Riter, A.J.C., Mertzman, S.A., 1999, Erratum to “Water-rock
interactions, orthopyroxene growth, and Si-enrichment in the mantle: evidence in xenoliths from the Colorado Plateau, southwestern United States”:Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 165, 45-54.
Smith, D., Roden, M. F., 1981, Geothermometry and kinetics in a two-spinel
peridotite nodule, Colorado Plateau, American Mineralogist, v. 66, p. 334-345.
Usui, T., Kobayashi, K., Nakamura, E., and Helmstaedt, H., 2006, Trace element fractionation in deep subduction zones inferred from a lawsonite-eclogite xenolith from the Colorado Plateau, Chemical Geology, v. 239, p. 336-351.
Wang, L., Essene, E.J., Zhang, Y, 1999, Mineral inclusions in pyrope crystals from Garnet Ridge, Arizona, USA: implications for processes in the upper mantle: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 135: p. 164-178.
Relevant Geophysical-Tectonic Studies Bank C., Noblett J., Kroeger G., Semken S. 2007. Geophysical investigations of
Ship Rock and Thumb igneous centers, New Mexico. 20th Annual Keck Symposium, 62-66.
Crowe, B.M., Fisher, V.F., 1973, Sedimentary structures in base-surge deposits
with special reference to cross-bedding, ubehebe craters, Death Valley, Californis: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 84, p. 663-682.
Halmer, M.M,. Schmincke, H.U., and Graf, H.F., 2002, The annual volcanic gas
input into the atmosphere, in particular into the stratosphere: A global data set for the past 100 years, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 115, p. 511-528.
Hawkins, D.P., and Wiebe, R.A., 2004, Discrete stoping events in granite
plutons: a signature of eruptions from silicic magma chambers? Geology, v. 32, p. 1021-1024.
Marsh, B., 2004, A magmatic mush column Rosetta stone: the McMurdo Dry
Valleys of Antarctica, Eos, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, v. 85, p. 497-508.
McSween, H.Y., et al., 2004, Basaltic rocks analyzed by the Spirit rover in Gusev
Crater, Science, v. 305, p. 842-845. Oldow, J.S., Bally, A.W., Avé Lallemant, H.G., and Leeman, W.P., 1989,
Phanerozoic evolution of the North American Cordillera, United States and Canada, in: Bally, A.W., and Palmer, A.R., eds., The geology of North America: an overview, Decade of North American Geology, volume A, Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America, p. 1-15.
Schmincke, H.U., Fisher, R.V., Waters, A.C., 1973, Antidune and chute and pool
structures in the base surge deposits of the Laacher See area, Germany: Sedimentology, v. 20, p. 553-574.
Self, S., Sparks, R.S.J., 1978, Characteristics of widespread pyroclastic deposits
formed by the interaction of silicic magma and water: Bull. Volcanol., v. 41-3, p. 197-210.
Sparks, R.S.J., Sigurdsson, H., Carey, S.N., 1980, The entrance of pyroclastic flows into the sea, 1. Oceanographic and geologic evidence from Dominica, Lesser Antilles: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 7, p. 87-96.
Sparks, R.S.J., Walker, G.P.L, 1973, The ground surge deposit: a third type of
pyroclastic rock: Nature Physical Science, v. 241, p. 62-64. Tatsumi, Y., 2005, The subduction factory-- how it operates in the evolving Earth,
GSA Today, v. 15, p. 4-10. Valentine, G.A., 1987, Stratified flow in Peridotitic surges: Department of
Geological Sciences, v. 49, p. 616-630. Walker, G.P.L., 1984, Characteristics of dune-bedded pyroclastic surge bed sets:
Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 20, p. 281-296. Walker, G.P.L., 1979, A volcanic ash generated by explosions where ignimbrite
entered the sea, Nature Vol. 287, n. 25 ,p. 642-646. Walker, G.P.L., 1987, Characteristics of two phreatoplinian ashes, and their
water-flushed origin: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 9, p. 395-407.
San Juan Volcanic Field Geochemistry Acero, P., Cama, J., and Ayora, C., 2007, Kinetics of chalcopyrite dissolution at
pH3: European Journal of Mineralogy, v. 19, n. 2, p.173-182. Casadevall, Thomas, and Ohmoto, H., 1977, Sunnyside mine, Eureka mining
district, San Juan County, Colorado— Geochemistry of gold and base metal ore deposition in a volcanic environment: Economic Geology, v. 92, p. 1285-1320.
Fisher, F.S., and Leedy, W.P., 1973, Geochemical characteristics of mineralized
breccia pipes in the Red Mountain district, San Juan Mountains, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin, B 1381, 43 p.
Irvine, T.N., and Baragar, W.R.A., 1971, A guide to the chemical classification of
the common volcanic rocks: Canadian Journal of Earth Science, v. 8, p. 523-548.
Johnson, M.C., and Rutherford, M.J., 1989, Experimentally determined conditions in the Fish Canyon Tuff, Colorado, magma chamber: Journal of Petrology, v. 30, p. 711-737.
LeBas, M.J., LeMaitre, R.W., Streckeisen, A., and Zanettin, B., 1986, A chemical
classification of volcanic rocks based on the total alkali silica diagram: Journal of Petrology, v. 27, p. 745-750.
Lipman, P.W., 2007 Incremental assembly and prolonged consolidation of
Cordilleran magma chambers: Evidence from the southern Rocky Mountain volcanic field: Geosphere, v. 3, n.1, p. 42-70.
Parat, F., Dungan, M.A., Lipman, P.W., 2005, Contemporaneous trachyandesitic
and calc-alkaline volcanism of the Huerto Andesite, San Juan volcanic field, Colorado, USA: Journal of Petrology, v.46, n.5, p.859-891.
Ringrose, C.R., 1982, Geology, geochemistry, and stable isotope studies of a
porphyry-style hydrothermal system, west Silverton district, San Juan Mountains, Colorado: Aberdeen, Scotland, University of Aberdeen Ph. D. dissertation, 257 p., 19 plates.
Geochronology
Gulbransen, C.A., Miggins, D.P., Wendlandt, R.F., 2005, Geochronologic
determination and petrogenetic characterization of selected units in the Trickle Mountain area of the San Juan volcanic field, southwestern Colorado: Geological Society of America, v.37, n.7, p.358-359.
Lanphere, M.A., 1988, High resolution 40Ar/39Ar chronology of Oligocene volcanic
rocks, San Juan Mountains, Colorado: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 52, p. 1425-1434.
Lillesve, C., 2005, Geochronologic determination and petrogenetic
characterization of selected units in the Trickle Mountain area of the San Juan volcanic field, southwestern Colorado: Golden, CO, M.S. Thesis, Colorado School of Mines, 266 p.
Lipman, P.W., Steven, T.A., and Mehnert, H.H., 1970, Volcanic history of the San
Juan mountains, Colorado, as indicated by potassium-argon dating: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 81, p. 2329-2351.
Leonard, Eric, Merritts, Dorothy, and Carson, Robert, 1993, Quaternary geology,
upper Rio Grande drainage, San Juan Mountains, Colorado, in Wilson, M.A., compiler: Beloit Wisconsin, Beloit College, The Sixth Keck research symposium in geology, v. 6, p. 170-172.
Lipman, P.W., and Steven, T.A., Luedke, R.G., and Burbank, W.S., 1973a, Revised volcanic history of the San Juan, Uncompahgre, Silverton, and Lake City calderas in western San Juan Mountains, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Journal of Research, v.1, n.6, p.627-642.
Lipman, P.W., Steven, T.A., Luedke, R.G., and Burbank, W.S., 1973b, Revised
volcanic history of the San Juan, Uncompahgre, Silverton, and Lake City calderas in the western San Juan Mountains, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Journal of Research, v. 1, p. 627-642.
McIntosh, W.C., Chapin, C.E., 2004, Geochronology of the central Colorado
volcanic field: New Mexico Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources Bullitin, Report 160, p.205-238.
Bove, D.J., Hon, Ken, Budding, K.E., Slack, J.F., Snee, L.W., and Yeoman, R.A.,
2001, Geochronology and geology of late Oligocene through Miocene volcanism and mineralization in the Western San Juan Mountains, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1642, 30 p.
Volatiles
Musgrave, J.A., and Thompson, T.B., 1991, Sultan Mountain Mine, western San Juan Mountains, Colorado; a fluid inclusion and stable isotope study: Economic Geology, v. 86, p. 768-779.
Tectonic History Baars, D.L., and Ellingson, J.A., 1984, Geology of the western San Juan
Mountains, in Brew, D. C., ed., Paleotectonics, San Juan Mountains, Dolores Formation, Paleosols and depositional systems, Jurassic depositional systems, San Juan Basin, Quaternary deposits and soils, Durango area: Rocky Mountain Section, Geological Society of America 37th Annual Meeting, Fort Lewis College, Durango, Colo., p. 1-45.
Baars, D.L., and See, P.D., 1968, Pre-Pennsylvanian stratigraphy and
paleotectonics of the San Juan Mountains, southwestern Colorado: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 79, p. 333-349.
Burbank, W.S., 1930, Revision of geologic structure and stratigraphy in the
Ouray District of Colorado, and its bearing on ore deposition: Colorado Scientific Society Proceedings, v. 12, p. 151-232.
Burbank, W.S., 1933, Vein systems of the Arrastre basin and regional geologic structure in the Silverton and Telluride Quadrangles, Colorado: Colorado Scientific Society Proceedings, v. 13, 214 p.
Chapin, C.E., and Cather, S.M., 1981, Eocene tectonics and sedimentation in the
Colorado Plateau-Rocky Mountain area: Arizona Geological Society Digest, v. 14, p. 173-198.
Chapin, C.E., and Cather, S.M., 1994, Tectonic setting of the axial basins of the
northern and central Rio Grande rift: Geological Society of America Special Paper 291, p. 5-25.
Epis, R.C., and Chapin, C.E., 1975, Geomorphic and tectonic implications of the
post-Laramide, late Eocene erosion surface in the southern Rocky Mountains, in Curtis, B.F., ed., Cenozoic history of the southern Rocky Mountains: Geological Society of America Memoir 144, p. 45-74.
Gill, J.B., 1981, Orogenic andesites and plate tectonics: Berlin, Springer, 389 p. Hutchinson, R.M., 1988, Structure and ore deposits of the Camp Bird Mine,
Ouray, Colorado, in Hutchinson, R.M., ed., Epithermal base-metal and precious-metal systems, San Juan Mountains, Colorado: Society of Economic Geologists Guidebook Series, v. 3, p. 4-44.
Kluth, C.F., and Coney, P.J., 1981, Plate tectonics of the Ancestral Rocky
Mountains: Geology, v. 9, p. 10-15. Potassic Magmatism Bachmann, O., Dungan, M.A., Lipman, P.W., 2002, The Fish Canyon magma
body, San Juan volcanic field, Colorado; rejuvenation and eruption of an upper-crustal batholith: Journal of Petrology, v.43, n.8, p. 1469- 1503.
Bachmann, O., Oberli, F., Dungan, M.A., Meier, M., Mundil, R., Fischer,H., 2007, (super 40) Ar/ (super 39) Ar and U/Pb dating of the Fish Canyon magmatic system, San Juan volcanic field, Colorado; evidence for an extended crystallization history: Chemical Geology, v. 236, n. 1-2, p. 134-166.
Barker, Fred, 1969, Precambrian geology of the Needle Mountains, southwestern
Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 644-A, p. A1-A35. San Juan Intrusive Rocks Colucci, M. T., Dungan, M.A., Ferguson, K.M., Lipman, P.W., Moorbath, S.,
1991, Precaldera lavas of the southeast San Juan Volcanic Field: Parent
magmas and crustal interactions: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 96, no. B8, 13.413-13.434 p.
Southwest San Juan Mountains Cenozoic History Atwood, W.W., and Mather, K.F., 1932, Physiography and Quaternary geology of
the San Juan Mountains, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 166, 176 p.
Bejnar, Waldemere, 1957, Lithologic control of ore deposits in the southwestern
San Juan Mountains, in Kottlowski, F. E., and Baldwin, Brewster, eds., Guidebook of southwestern San Juan Mountains, Colorado: New Mexico Geological Society 8th Annual Field Conference Guidebook, p. 162-173.
Pallister, J.S., and Sawyer, D.A., 1989, Excursion 7A: Form silica calderas to
mantle nodules: Cretaceous to Quaternary volcanism, southern Basin and Range province, Arizona to New Mexico, in Chapin, C.E., and Zidek, J., eds., Field excursions to volcanic terrenes in the western United States, V. 1: southern Rocky Mountain region: IAVCIE General Assembly, Santa Fe, New Mexico, p. 121-375.
Steven, T.A., 1975, Middle Tertiary volcanic field in the southern Rocky
Mountains, in Curtis, B. F., ed., Cenozoic history of the southern Rocky Mountains: Geological Society of America Memoir 144, p. 75-94.
General Overview
Bailey, R.G., 1995, Description of the ecoregions of the United States: United
States Department of Agriculture Miscellaneous Publication 1391, 108 p. Baldwin, B., ed., 1957, New Mexico Geologic Society Guidebook of southwestern
San Juan Mountains Colorado, 258p. Blair, R., 1996, The western San Juan Mountains; their geology, ecology, and
human history: Niwot, CO, University Press of Colorado, 405p. Burbank, W.S., and Luedke, R.G., 1968, Geology and ore deposits of the San
Juan Mountains, Colorado, in Ridge, J.D., ed., Ore deposits of the United States, 1933-1967, the Graton-Sales Volume 1: New York, American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, p. 714-733.
Blair, R., 1996, Geology of the western San Juan Mountains and a tour of the
San Juan Skyway, southwestern Colorado: Colorado Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-4, p.8.
Burbank, W.S., and Luedke, R.G., 1969, Geology and ore deposits of the Eureka
and adjoining districts, San Juan Mountains, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 535, 73 p.
Kelley, V.C., 1946, Geology, ore deposits, and mines of the Mineral Point, Poughkeepsie, and Upper Uncompahgre districts, Ouray, San Juan, and Hinsdale counties, Colorado: Proceedings of the Colorado Scientific Society, v. 14, p. 287-311.
Kelley, V.C., 1957, General geology and tectonics of the western San Juan
Mountains, Colorado, in Kottlowski, F. E., and Baldwin, Brewster, eds., Guidebook of southwestern San Juan Mountains, Colorado: New Mexico Geological Society 8th Annual Field Conference Guidebook, p. 154-162.
Kottlowski, F.E., 1957, Mesozoic strata flanking the southwestern San Juan
Mountains Colorado and New Mexico, in Kottlowski, F. E., and Baldwin, Brewster, eds., Guidebook of southwestern San Juan Mountains, Colorado: New Mexico Geological Society 8th Annual Field Conference Guidebook, p. 138-153.
Larsen, E.S., Jr., and Cross, Whitman, 1956, Geology and petrology of the San
Juan Region, southwestern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 258, 303 p.
San Juan Mineralogy
Bove, D.J., Johnson, R.H., and Yager, D.B., 2007, Mineralogy from cores in
Prospect Gulch, San Juan County, Colorado: United States Geological Survey Open –File Report 2007-1095, 82p.
Lipman P.W., Fisher, W.S., Mehnert, H.H., Naeser, C.W., Luedke, R.G., and
Steven, T.A., 1976, Multiple ages of mid-Tertiary mineralization and alteration in the western San Juan Mountains, Colorado: Economic Geology, v. 71, p. 571-588.
Tweto, Ogden, and Sims, P.K., 1963, Precambrian ancestry of the Colorado mineral belt: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 74, p. 991-1014.
San Juan Volcanism
Luedke, R.G., and Burbank, W.S., 1968, Volcanism and cauldron development in
the western San Juan Mountains, Colorado, Cenozoic volcanism in the southern Rocky Mountains: Colo. School of Mines Quarterly, v. 63, p. 175-208.
Maps
Dane, C.H., Bachman, G.O. 1957. Preliminary geologic map of the northwestern part of New Mexico. U.S. Geologic Survey Map I-224, Scale 1:380160.
O’Sullivan, R.B., Beikman, H.M. 1963. Geology, structure, and uranium deposits
of the Ship Rock quadrangle, New Mexico and Arizona. U.S. Geologic Survey Map I-345, Scale 1:250000.
Beaumont, E.C. 1955. Preliminary geologic map of the ship rock and hogback
quadrangles, San Juan county, New Mexico: U.S. Geologic Survey Map C-29, Scale 1:63360.
Houser, F.N., Ekren, E.B., 1959, Preliminary geologic map of the Moqui sw
quadrangle Montezuma County, Colorado: United States Geological Survey In cooperation with the United States Atomic Energy Commission Map MF-216, Scale 1:24,000.
Stuart-Alexander, D.E., Shoemaker, E.M., Moore H.J., 1972, Geologic map of
the Mule Ear diatreme San Juan County, Utah: United States Geological Survey Map I-674, scale 1:2400.
Condon, S.M., 1990, Geologic and structure contour map of the southern Ute
Indian reservation and adjacent areas, southwest Colorado and northwest New Mexico: United States Geological Survey Map I-1958, scale 1:100,000.
Beaumont, E.C., Zieglar, D.L., 1951, Geology of the Beautiful Mountain Anticline:
U.S.G.S. Oil and Gas Investigations, OM 147, 1:4000. Strobell, J.D. Jr. , 1956, Geology of the Carrizo Mountains area in northeastern
Arizona and northwestern New Mexico: U.S.G.S. Oil and Gas Investigations, OM-160, 1:48000.
Wanek, A., A., 1954, Geologic Mao of the Mesa Verde area Montezuma County,
Colorado: U.S.G.S Oil and Gas Investigations, OM-152, 1:63360.
Navajo Lore and Terminology Blackhorse, A., Semken, S., and Perry, C., 2003, A Navajo-English dictionary of
geological terms, in Geology of the Zuni Plateau, 54th field conference: Ship Rock, Navajo Nation, New Mexico, New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook, p. 103-107.