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LITERARY STYLE
Sense of humour
Detailed
descriptions
Episodic
writing
Satire
Exaggeration
Cliff-hanging endings
Storytelling
LITERARY STYLE
Dickens was once a newspaper reporter. Actually,
most of Dickens's greatest novels were first written
in monthly or weekly instalments in journals. His
novels are filled with real personalities and vivid
physical descriptions. Dickens is also well-known
for his exaggeration.
LITERARY STYLE
Dickens is famous for packing his novels with social
commentaries. He targets the injustices of the
nineteenth century, namely, poor houses, boys’
boarding schools, the lack of education for women,
the tyrannies of family life, the over reliance on
alcohol, and the effects of poverty.
Plot
• Cliffhanger
Style
• Polysyndeton• Satire
Theme
• Symbolism • Irony• Character foil• Metaphor
Genre
• Bildungsroman
LITERARY TECHNIQUES
CLIFFHANGER
The end of the narrative is not solved. This takes the
audience to a future episode for the conclusion.
Dickens' novels were serial novels, a popular
publishing type in Victorian times, meaning that they
were published chapter-by-chapter, in magazines, over the
course of several months or years. This is why, even when
reprinted in traditional book format, each chapter's ending
still ends with a new mystery or twist. (The Book Club)
POLYSINDETON
To provide a sense of exaggeration Dickens uses
several conjunctions in close succession.
A man who had been soaked in water, and
smothered in mud, and lamed by stones, and cut by flints,
and stung by nettles, and torn by briars; who limped,
and shivered, and glared and growled; and whose
teeth chattered in his head as he seized me by the chin.
(Great Expectations, chapter 1).
SATIRE
A way of using humor that shows the weaknesses or bad qualities of
a person, government, society, etc. (Merriam Webster)
That, for these reasons, the jury, being a loyal jury (as he knew
they were), and being a responsible jury (as THEY knew they were),
must positively find the prisoner Guilty, and make an end of him,
whether they liked it or not. That, they never could lay their heads upon
their pillows; (…); in short, that there never more could be, for
them or theirs, any laying of heads upon pillows at all, unless the
prisoner's head was taken off. (Great Expectations, chapter 3).
SYMBOLISM
Artistic imitation or invention that is a method of
revealing or suggesting immaterial, ideal, or otherwise
intangible truth or states. (Merriam Webster).
The guillotine, (…), is one of the enduring symbols
of the French Revolution. In Tale of Two Cities, the
guillotine symbolizes how revolutionary chaos gets
institutionalized. (LitCharts)
IRONY
The use of words to express something other than and
especially the opposite of the literal meaning. (Merriam
Webster)
The medical gentleman walked away to dinner;
and the nurse, having once more applied herself to the
green bottle, sat down on a low chair before the fire,
and proceeded to dress the infant. (Oliver Twist, chapter 1).
CHARACTER FOIL
In literature, a foil is a character that shows qualities that
are in contrast with the qualities of another character
with the objective to highlight the traits of the other
character. (Literary Devices).
In A Tale of Two Cities, Madame Defarge, the main
female character, looks like a compliant and innocent
grandma. However, she is ruthless. On the other hand,
her nurse, Miss Pross is respectable and loyal.
METAPHOR
A figure of speech in which a word or phrase literally
denoting one kind of object or idea is used in place of
another to suggest a likeness or analogy between them.
(Merriam Webster).
In a Tale of Two Cities Using the wine that spills into the
streets early in the novel as a metaphor for the blood spilled in
the revolution serves a practical purpose: the Defarges run a
wine shop. The Defarges are the hub of revolutionary activity. It
all fits together neatly. (Shmoop)
BILDUNGSROMAN
A novel about the moral and psychological growth of
the main character. (Merriam Webster).
Oliver Twist or Great Expectations are
examples of a bildungsroman narrative.
BIBLIOGRAFÍA
Merriam Webster Online. Recuperado de: http://www.merriam-
webster.com/
The Book Club. Literary Terms. Recuperado de: http://www.pfspublishing.com/bookclub/literary-definitions/
Shmoop. Wine Blood in Tale of Two Cities. Recuperado de: http://www.shmoop.com/tale-of-two-cities/wine-blood-symbol.html
LitCharts . A Tale of Two Cities Symbols. Recuperado de:
http://www.litcharts.com/lit/a-tale-of-two-cities/symbols