Diesel Engine

Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Deskripsi Deskripsi

(1/2)


Deskripsi Deskripsi

(1/2)


Deskripsi Deskripsi

(1/2)


Deskripsi Deskripsi

(1/2)


Deskripsi Deskripsi

(1/2)


Deskripsi Deskripsi

(2/2)

Mesin

Stroke

Intake

Mesin Bensin

Kompresi

Pembakaran Busi menyalakan campuran udara-bahan bakar

yang terkompresi

Exhaust

Campuran udara-bahan bakar dibawa ke dalam silinder Hanya udara yang dibawa ke silinder

Piston mengkompresi campuran udara-bahan bakar . Piston mengkompresi udara untuk meningkatkan kedua tekanan ke kira-kira 3 MPa (30kgf/cm2,430 psi) dan temperatur ke kira-kira 500-800C (930-1,470 F).

bahan bakar is terinjeksi into heated, highly compressed udara, where it ignites due to heat of pressurized udara.

Piston memaksagas keluar silinder. Piston memaksa gas buangan keluar silinder.

Mesin Diesel


Deskripsi Kondisi untuk Mengoperasikan Mesin Diesel

(1/1)

Kompresi

Sistem bahan bakar

Sistem preheating



(1/1)

100 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

1 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

tem

pera

tur

Temperatur Kompresi

(Initial temperatur 60C)

(kgf/cm2)tekanan (tekanan Absolut)

(kPa)

temperaturKompresi (Initial temperatur 20C)

(C)



(1/1)



(1/1)

Tipe glow plug Tipe intake heater

Glow plug

Intake heater


Deskripsi Output Control pada Mesin Diesel

(1/1)

ECUBusi

Pompa injeksi

Mesin

Diesel

Mesin Bensin

Pedal gas

InjektorInjeksinozzle

Pedal gas

Dikontrol dengan mengatur jumlah bahan bakar terinjeksi. (Jumlah udara yang memasuki silinder tidak diatur.)

Dikontrol dengan mengatur jumlahcampuran udara-bahan bakar yang disuplai ke silinder menggunakan throttle valve.


Deskripsi Siklus Pembakaran

(1/3)

1. Kemampuan pembakaran bahan bakar diesel



(2/3)

(C)

teka

nanK

ompr

esi

2. Hubungan antara Kompresi ratio dan Kompresi tekanan atau suhu

1300

1200

1100

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

(MPa)(kgf/cm2)130

120

110

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

temperatur

udara

Kompresi ratio

tekanan

Kompresi

13

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

tem

pera

tur

udar

a

4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32



(3/3)

teka

nan

Crank angel

3.Mesin Diesel Pembakaran process

(MPa)(kgf/cm2)

Injeksi bahan bakar berakhir

Injeksi bahan bakar

100 75 50 25 TDC 25 50 75 100

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Injeksi bahan bakar mulai

Ignition

Pembakaran

Ignition delay

A

B

C

D

E



(3/3)



(3/3)



(3/3)



(3/3)



(3/3)


Deskripsi Diesel Knock

(1/2)


Deskripsi Diesel Knock

(2/2)

How to prevent knocking

1. Perbandingan antara diesel knock dan knocking Bensin

Items Mesin Diesel

Kompresi ratioudara supply temperaturKompresi tekanansilinder temperaturbahan bakar ignition pointIgnition delay

Mesin Bensin

RaiseRaiseRaiseRaiseLowerShorte

n

LowerLowerLowerLowerRaise

Lengthen

t

Knocking

Diesel knock knocking Bensin

PKnocking Pembakaran Normal

Pembakaran Normal

Injeksi

Ignitionhanya

Kompresi

hanya

Kompresi

P

t


Mesin Proper Piston

(1/1)

Turbocharger

Supercharger

Cooling channel

Oil jet

Heat dam

No.1 piston ring groove

FRM(Fiber - Reinforced metal)


Mesin Proper Piston Ring

(1/1)

Semi-keystone ring(No.1 Kompresi ring)

1.Deskripsi/2.Peran semi-keystone ring

Tapered ring(No.2 Kompresi ring)

Solid ring dengan kumparan(Oil ring)

Tapered under-cut ring(No.2 Kompresi ring)

Three piece tipe ring(Oil ring)

Pistonsilinder

Sludge

Semi-keystonering

Peran semi-keystone ring


Mesin Proper Bilik Pembakaran

(1/3)

nozzle

Injeksi

1. Deskripsi2. Bilik pembakaran tipe injeksi langsung

kepala silinder

bilik

Pembakaran

Piston



(2/3)

Glow plug

3. Bilik Pembakaran tipe Lingkar

nozzle injeksi

kepala silinder

Swirl bilik

Transfer passage

MainPembakaranbilik

Piston



(3/3)

tipe Troidal Tipe Reentrant

4.Shape of piston

head

Tipe Square Tipe Spring leaf


Mesin Proper Silinder Liner

(1/1)

silinderliner

(A) = 0.01 - 0.1mm ( ~ AUG.1998 B series Mesin)

1.Deskripsi

silinder block

tipe Linerless

tipe Liner

silinder block silinder liner

silinder block


Mesin Proper Kepala Silinder Gasket

(1/1)

1.Deskripsi

Mark B,D or F

Cutoutmark

A-A’ cross sectionPistonProtrusion

Piston

silinder block

kepala silinder gasket (3L Mesin)

A A’

BD

F


Mesin Proper Mekanisme Katup

(1/2)

Adjusting screw (1)

1.Four-valve mechanism

Camshaft

Roller

Valve rocker shaftGuide pin

Valve bridge

Valve rocker arm

Intake valve Exhaust valve

Valve bridge

Guide pin

Adjusting screw (2)

Valve rocker arm Adjusting screw (1)

Adjusting screw (2)

Valve bridge

Guide pin


Mesin Proper Mekanisme Katup

(2/2)

Contoh 1

Cancel switchscrew

2.Interval penggantian timing belt

Contoh 2

Interval penggantian timing belt


Sistem Pelumasan Deskripsi

(1/2)

Water-cooled oil cooler

: dari pompa oli: ke pompa oli: ke Galeri oli utama: ke Oil pan

1.Oil Cooler

Oil cooler

Oil filter

Relief valve for oil pompa

Relief valve for oil cooler


Sistem Pelumasan Deskripsi

(2/2)

Piston

silinder block

2.Oil Nozzle

REFERENSI:

•Dua tipe Check Valve

Galeri oli utama

Oil nozzle

Check ball

Check valve


Sistem Pendinginan Deskripsi

(1/1)

Viscous tipe power heater (1HD-FTE Mesin)

Magnet clutch

1HD-FTE Mesin viscous tipe power heater:/Contoh:

Power heater

Heater hose

Coolant

Rearheater

Frontheater

Mesin

Power heater amp. Idle up switchIgnition switch

udara conditioningmagnet clutch signal

Magnetclutch

Power heater


Sistem Bahan Bakar Deskripsi

(1/1)

filter

bahan bakar

Injeksinozzle

Pompa injeksi

tangki

bahan bakar


Sistem Bahan Bakar Priming Pump

(1/2)

dari bahan bakar tank

Aliran bahan bakar

1.Deskripsi

filter

bahan bakar

Priming pump

ke Pompa injeksi

Water sedimenter



(2/2)

bilik

pompa

2. Cara kerja

handle pompa

Diafragma

Outlet checkvalve

pompa Injeksi

tangki

bahan bakar

bahan bakar

nozzle Injeksi

Inlet checkvalve



(2/2)

bilik

pompa

Inlet checkvalve

handle

pompa Diafragma

Outlet checkvalve

pompa

Injeksi

nozzle

Injeksi

tangki

bahan bakar

bahan bakar


Sistem Bahan Bakar Sedimenter Bahan Bakar

(1/1)

bahan bakar

air

Drain plug


Sistem Bahan Bakar Nozzle injeksi

(1/4)

1.Deskripsi



(2/4)

Nozzle holder

teka

na

n

2. Pentingnya menyesuaikan tekanan pembukaan nozzle

Overflow pipe

Adjusting shim

Distance piece

tekanan spring

tekanan pin

Nozzle body

Retaining nut

Nozzle needle

Time

Injeksivolume

Pompa injeksidischarge tekanan

Correct Injeksi timing

Correct nozzleopening tekanan



(2/4)

Nozzle holder

teka

na

n

Overflow pipe

Adjusting shim

Distance piece

tekanan spring

tekanan pin

Nozzle body

Retaining nut

Nozzle needle

TimeAdvanced Injeksi timing

Low



(2/4)

Nozzle holder

teka

na

n

Overflow pipe

Adjusting shim

Distance piece

tekanan spring

tekanan pin

Nozzle body

Retaining nut

Nozzle needle

TimeRetarded Injeksi timing

High



(3/4)

Nozzle holderretaining nut

3.Two-stage

nozzle injeksi

Nozzlebody

Needletip

Tip packing

No.3 tekananspring washer

No.2 tekananspring seat

No.1 tekananspring seat

No.1 tekananspring

tekanan pin

No.1 tekanan spring washer (adjusting shim)

No.2 tekanan spring washer (adjusting shim)

Nozzle holder body

Straight pin

No.2 tekananspring



(4/4)

(2)Cara kerja



(4/4)


Sistem Bahan Bakar Delivery Valve

(1/2)

1.Construction

Delivery valve

Injeksipompa side

Valve seat

Gasket

Valve springDelivery valve holder

Injeksinozzle side



(2/2)

2.Cara kerja

sisi

nozzle injeksi

Operating stroke

sisi

Pompa injeksi

Relief valve Valve face



(2/2)

nozzle injeksiside

Operating stroke

Pompa injeksiside




(2/2)

nozzle injeksiside

Operating stroke

Pompa injeksiside




(2/2)

sisi

nozzle injeksi

Operating stroke

sisi

Pompa injeksi




(2/2)

nozzle injeksi

Faulty


Sistem Bahan Bakar Pengurasan Udara Sistem Bahan Bakar

(1/1)

1. Melakukan bleeding terhadap udara antara tangki bahan bakar dan Pompa injeksi [sisi tekanan rendah)2. Bleeding udara antara Pompa injeksi dan nozzle injeksi (sisi tekanan tinggi) Priming pompa

pompa handle

Union nut


Sistem preheating Deskripsi

(1/1)

1. Pentingnya Sistem preheating

Panas Kompresit suilt naik

Kebocoran tekanan

Kompresi

Cranking speed rendah


Sistem preheating Glow Plug

(1/1)

Thermal coil

Control coil

temperaturGlow plug (°C)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Durasi arus mengalir (sec.)

1100

1000

900

800

700

600

500


Sistem preheating Sistem Glow

(1/2)

1.Deskripsi lampu indikator glow


Sistem preheating Sistem Glow

(2/2)

2.Cara kerja sistem glow (Tipe super

glow ) Glow plug relay

REFERENCE:• Fixed-delay tipe Circuit

S-REL

Timer 1

Tim

e (s

ec.)

THW

E2

Timer 2

Timer 3

G-IND

STA

NE+

NE-

Glow indicator

STON

Ignitionswitch

NE signal

Glowindicator

Glow plugrelay

ONOFF

ONOFF

ONOFF

ONOFF

t1

t2 t3

t1

t2

t3

Ignition switch

Crankshaftposition sensor

Preheating timer atau emission control ECU

REFERENCE:• Variable-delay tipe Circuit

Tim

e (s

ec.)

Tim

e (s

ec.)

Coolant temp.

Coolant temp.

Coolant temp.

Glow plugs

Sensor temperatur air

STOFF


Perlengkapan Lain Intake Shutter

(1/1)

1.Deskripsi

VSV

Valve

Diafragma



(1/1)

VSV

Katup

Diafragma



(1/1)

VSV

Katup

Diafragma



(1/1)

VSV

Katup

Diafragma


Sistem Pelumasan Dua Tipe Check Valve

(1/1)

Pegas

Dari Main oilgallery

Check valve

ke Oil nozzles

Check ball

Oil nozzle

Check valve

Spring

Check ball

1 2


Sistem preheating Sirkuit tipe Fixed-delay

(1/1)

Waktu penyalaan lampu indikator: /

Waktu preheating: AM1

Ignition switch

IG2

Glow indicatorlight

ke Voltege regulatorterminal L

Pre

heat

ing

timer

AM2

IG1

ST2

Glow plugs

Glow plugrelay


Sistem preheating Sirkuit tipe Variable-delay

(1/1)

AM1

Ignition switch

IG2

Glow indicatorlight

ke Voltege regulatorterminal L

Pre

heat

ing

timer

AM2

IG1

ST2

Glow plugs

Glow plugrelay

Sensor temperatur air

Waktu penyalaan lampu:/

Waktu preheating:

Date post:	26-Oct-2014
Category:	Documents
Upload:	luqman-kurosaki
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