Date post: | 23-Dec-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | griffin-collins |
View: | 216 times |
Download: | 1 times |
Diet and Health Guidelines for Food Intolerances
Presented by Janice Hermann, PhD, RD/LD
OCES Adult and Older Adult Nutrition Specialist
Food AllergyA food allergy is an adverse reaction to a food
or food component that involves the immune system
A food allergen is the part of a food to which a person is allergicOften an incompletely digested protein
What Happens With A Food AllergyWhen someone eats a food they are allergic
to, the food allergen stimulates the immune system to release antibodies
The antibodies cause body cells to release other substances, which cause allergic reactions
Food IntolerancesSome people have adverse reactions to foods
that do not involve the immune systemThese are referred to as "food intolerances“
they are not food allergies
Causes of Food IntolerancesFood intolerances may be caused by:
Enzyme deficienciesReactions to chemicals in foodsSulfurDigestive diseases
Metabolic IntolerancesA metabolic intolerance is when the body
cannot adequately digest a portion or component of a food
For example lactose intolerance and gluten intolerance
Lactose IntolerancePeople with lactose intolerance cannot digest
(breakdown) lactose in milk Lactose is a disaccharide (sugar) in milkLactose is digested by the enzyme lactase
into two monosaccharides, glucose and galactose, which can be absorbed by the small intestine
Lactose IntoleranceIf there is not enough lactase, the lactose is
goes undigested the intact lactose moves into the large intestine and is fermented by normal bacteria found in the large intestine
The amount of lactase produced tends to decrease in adulthood
Incidence of lactose intolerance varies for different populations.
Symptoms Of Lactose IntoleranceSymptoms include cramps, bloating,
intestinal gas, diarrhea and nauseaSeverity of symptoms varies with the
amount of lactose consumed and degree of intolerance
Symptoms appear from 15 minutes to several hours after eating foods or beverages containing lactose
Is Lactose Intolerance A Milk Allergy?A milk allergy is an allergic reaction to the
protein components in milk, not the lactose in milk
People with milk allergy usually must avoid all milk products. People with lactose intolerance can use certain dairy products that are low in lactose
How Much LactoseAmount of lactose allowed depends on the
degree of lactose toleranceMany can tolerate 6 grams lactose (1/2 C milk)Many can tolerate fermented products such as
yogurt and acidophilus milkHard cheeses and cottage cheese may be
tolerated because most of the lactose is removed with whey
How Much LactoseMany foods contain small amounts of
lactose, for example breads, dry cereals, cold cuts, cream soups, salad dressings, candy, cookies, drink mixes, and sugar substitutes
Most people can handle the small amount of lactose in these foods
How Much LactoseVery sensitive people need to check food labels
carefully for:MilkWheyLactoseNonfat milk solidsDry milk solidsCurds
CheeseMargarineSweet or sour cream
LactobacilusMany people can use commercially prepared
milk products that have been treated with an enzyme (lactobacilus) that breaks down lactose
Alternatively, people can take enzyme tables with meals or add enzyme drops to their milkExample: Lact-aid, Dairy-ease, Lactinex
Gluten IntoleranceGluten is a protein found in wheat, rye, and
barley or derivatives of these grains such as malt
Some individuals cannot tolerate the gliadin fraction in gluten
Gluten IntoleranceGluten intolerance is also referred to as celiac
disease, celiac-sprue, nontropical sprue or gluten sensitive enteropathy
Individuals do not outgrow gluten intolerance
Symptoms Of Gluten IntoleranceAs a result of gliadin intolerance the
intestinal lining is flattened which results in reduced food absorption, diarrhea, steatorrhea (fat in the stool), bloating, loss of appetite, muscle wasting, weight loss and can lead to progressive malnutrition
Symptoms Of Gluten Intolerance
Lactose intolerance may temporarily occur secondarily to gluten intolerance
However, lactose containing foods can be returned to the diet within a short time
Gluten IntoleranceGluten containing grains
WheatRyeBarley
OatsAlthough oats is gluten-free, the use of oats is
controversial due to contamination with wheat during processing
A limited intake of oats (40 to 60 g/day) is currently considered acceptable
Gluten IntoleranceNon-gluten containing grains
TapiocaCorn flourCorn starchRice floursPotato starchPotato flourSoy flour
Gluten-Free Flour SubstituteGluten-free flour mix
Rice flour 6 cupsPotato starch 2 cupsTapioca flour 1 cup
Food Additive IntolerancesAlthough most individuals consume a wide
variety of food additives each day, only a small number have been associated with intolerances to food additives
Yellow No. 5 or Tartrazine Sensitivity
Yellow No. 5 is a food color additiveAlthough rare, yellow dye No. 5 may cause
hives in some individualsWhenever Yellow No. 5 is added to a food, it
should be listed on the product food label
Carmine SensitivityCarmine is an extract of the cochineal insect
used as a bright red dye in a number of products
Occasional reactions to carmine used as a food coloring have been reported
If carmine is added to a food it should be listed on the product food label
Monosodium glutamate (MSG)MSG is a flavor enhancerMSG is the sodium salt of glutamic acid, an
amino acid found naturally in all proteinA few people report mild and short-lived
reactions after eating MSGIf MSG is added to a food it is listed on the
label as monosodium glutamate
SulfitesSulfites are used to preserve color of foods
and inhibit microorganism growthSome people develop shortness of breath or
fatal shock shortly after exposure to sulfitesSulfites can produce severe asthma attacks in
sulfite-sensitive asthmatics
SulfitesFDA banned the use of sulfites on fresh fruits
and vegetables (except potatoes) intended to be sold to consumers raw
Sulfites added to all packaged and processed foods must be listed on the product label