Date post: | 17-Nov-2014 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | nutritionistrepublic |
View: | 1,280 times |
Download: | 1 times |
DIET IN DIARRHEA BY MRS SWATI MOHAPATRA
Diarrhea is a symptom of gastrointestinal infections caused by bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms. It is defined as loose, watery, unformed stools occurring more than three times in one day.
TYPES OF DIARRHEA
SECRETORY DIARRHEA OSMOTIC DIARRHEA MOTILITY-RELATED DIARRHEA
INFLAMMATORY DIARRHEA
DYSENTERY
SECRETORY DIARRHEA
Secretory diarrhea is a common form of diarrhea that results when the digestive system cannot absorb water properly causing abnormal loss of water through the bowels. In healthy humans, large amounts of water are secreted into the small intestine lumen, but the majority is absorbed before it gets to the large intestine. When the amount of secretion exceeds the amount of absorption, the balance is disrupted resulting in diarrhea.
OSMOTIC DIARRHEA
Osmotic diarrhea occurs when too much water is drawn into the bowels. If a person drinks solutions with excessive sugar or excessive salt, these can draw water from the body into the bowel and cause osmotic diarrhea.
MOTILITY-RELATED DIARRHEA
. Motility-related diarrhea occurs when the motility of the gastrointestinal tract is abnormal. If the food moves too quickly, there is not enough contact time between the food and the membrane, meaning that there is not enough time for the nutrients and water to be absorbed.
•INFLAMMATORY DIARRHEA
Inflammatory diarrhea occurs when there is damage to the mucosal lining or brush border, which leads to a passive loss of protein-rich fluids, and a decreased ability to absorb these lost fluids.
DYSENTERY
Dysentery is bloody diarrhea, any diarrhea episode in which the loose or watery stools contain visible red blood. Dysentery is most often caused by Shigella species (bacillary dysentery) or Entamoeba histolytica (amoebic dysentery).
SYMPTOMS OF DIARRHEA
Crampy abdominal pain (or stomach pain) Bloating Nausea An urgent need to use the bathroom An inability to control the bowels (fecal incontinence) Feeling sick to the stomach Fever Chills Muscle aches or pain Headache Low heart rate Joint pain Alternating constipation Blood in stool Mucus in stool.
FOODS TO BE AVOID IN DIARRHEAFATTY FOODS
Foods with a high fat content can speed up intestinal contractions and cause a reaction to a system that is already sensitized. Therefore, try not to eat anything that is greasy, fried, creamy, or covered in gravy.
CITRUS FRUIT:
Citrus fruit is high in fiber, it can cause intestinal distress for some people. Go easy on oranges, grapefruit, and other citrus fruits if your digestion is feeling queasy.
ARTIFICIAL SUGAR:
Chewing too much sugar-free gum made with sorbitol has been found to cause diarrhea and cramping. Eating more than 50 grams of sorbitol a day may give you intestinal trouble. It's not just gum, though -- excessive amounts of any food made with this artificial sweetener might give you diarrhea. The reason: Our bodies can't digest sorbitol.
TOO MUCH FIBER:
Foods high in fiber like whole grains and vegetables are good for digestion. But if you start eating lots of them, your digestive system may have trouble adjusting, resulting in gas and bloating.
BEANS: GAS AND CRAMPING
A common source of trouble, beans contain indigestible sugars that can cause gas and cramping. The human body lacks enzymes to break down these sugars. Bacteria in our guts do the work, giving off gas in the process. Soak dried beans for at least four hours and pour off the water to eliminate some of the indigestible sugars.
CABBAGE AND ITS COUSINS: GAS AND DIGESTIVE DISTRESS
Cabbage, broccoli, and other cruciferous vegetables contain the same indigestible sugars that make beans gassy. Their high fiber content can also make them hard to digest if eaten in excess. Cooking can help reduce the problem.
FRUCTOSE: DIARRHEA, BLOATING, CRAMPING
Foods sweetened with fructose -- including sodas, candy, fruit juice, and pastries -- are difficult for some people to digest, leading to diarrhea, bloating, cramping, and other distress.
SPICY FOODS: HEARTBURN AND INDIGESTION
Some people experience indigestion or heartburn after eating spicy foods, especially after a large meal. Some research suggests that the hot ingredient in chili peppers, called capsaicin, may trigger heartburn.
DAIRY PRODUCTS:
Dairy products can trigger diarrhea, bloating, gas, and other intestinal distress. The condition stems from the lack of an enzyme required to digest lactose, a sugar found in milk and dairy products. Avoid or limit dairy products. Or try an over-the-counter drop or pill containing the enzyme that breaks down lactose
FOODS TO INCLUDE
As you recover from a bout of diarrhea, the best foods to start eating are easily digested, high-carbohydrate foods. These include
• Bananas • Plain rice • Boiled potatoes • Toast • Yogurt• Cooked carrots• Baked chicken without the skin or fat
:
BANANA
The banana is used as a dietary food against intestinal disorders because of its soft texture and blandness. It is said to contain an unidentified compound called, perhaps jokingly, 'vitamin U' (against ulcer). It is the only raw fruit which can be eaten without distress in chronic ulcer cases. It neutralizes the over-acidity of the gastric juices and reduces the irritation of the ulcer by coating the lining of the stomach. Ripe banana are highly beneficial in the treatment of ulcerative colitis, being bland, smooth, easily digestible and slightly laxative. They relieve acute symptoms and promote the healing Process.
PLAIN RICE AND BOIL POTATOES
Talk about comfort food! Due to their low-fiber content, these starches are easily digested way up high in the GI tract. Eat your rice and potatoes plain; butter has a high fat content, which could be irritating to your system and contribute to intestinal cramping.
BREAD
The bread called for on the B.R.A.T. diet is white bread, not whole-grain, high-fiber bread. White bread is soothing to a sore stomach and the starch in it works as a binding agent without the fiber that would encourage elimination. Toast is usually recommended, but white bread can also be eaten un toasted. Do not add butter, peanut butter or anything else that might exacerbate the problem.
YOGURT
Yogurt contains live or active cultures, or more specifically Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum. These active cultures are probiotics and they appear to help to establish a healthier balance of bacteria in the digestive tract.
COOKED CARROTS
The fiber contained in carrots can help alleviate the problem of the digestive system, including the stomach and intestines, and can help to slow or stop the growth of bad bacteria in the stomach. For people with diarrhea should be given carrot juice or carrot soup.
STEAMED CHICKEN
Due to its bland nature, steamed white meat chicken is an easily digested source of protein, thus providing a fairly safe way to get some nutrients into your body.
POINTS TO REMEMBER
•Diarrhea is loose, watery stools. Having diarrhea means passing loose stools three or more times a day..•Diarrhea can cause dehydration, which is particularly dangerous in children, older adults, and people with weakened immune systems.
•Treatment involves replacing lost fluids and electrolytes. Depending on the cause of the problem, medication may also be needed to stop the diarrhea or treat an infection.
•Children with diarrhea should be given oral rehydration solutions to replace lost fluids and electrolytes.
•Adults with any of the following symptoms should see a health care provider: signs of dehydration, diarrhea for more than 2 days, severe pain in the abdomen or rectum, a fever of 102 degrees or higher, stools containing blood or pus, or stools that are black and tarry.
•Children with any of the following symptoms should see a health care provider: signs of dehydration, diarrhea for more than 24 hours, a fever of 102 degrees or higher, stools containing blood or pus, or stools that are black and tarry.
•People can take steps to prevent two types of diarrhea—rotavirus diarrhea and traveler’s diarrhea.