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Marcello A. GiorgiUniversità di Pisa and INFN Pisa

Why a SuperB

DIF06FRASCATI 3 March 2006

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OUTLINE

• Physics at B Factory

• Status of the art

• Few examples of Physics Reach at very High luminosity

• Super Flavour Factory

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Observation of CP violation in B meson system

Observation of CP violation in B meson system

Evidence for direct CP violation in B K+

Evidence for direct CP violation in B K+

Beginning of b s saga CP violation in B Ks, ’Ks etc.

Beginning of b s saga CP violation in B Ks, ’Ks etc.

Many new measurementscannot be summarized in one page

• ~0.8 ab-1 in total (sum) !• Peak luminosity > 1034cm-2s-1 in

both experiments !

M.Hazumi

Cern 11.07.05

Great Success of PEPII and KEKB

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Great success of BaBar and Belle

But great success of CKM

Sides and angles only angles

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UNIVERSAL UT fit with 50 ab-1

Universal fit makes only use of quantities independent of NP contributions within MFV

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sin2 and loops a road to NP?

b ss

sd

dg

, ,u c t

0SK

0B

b sd

dd

d

W

g

, ,u c t0SK

0

0B

0B

b

s

s

sd d

, , ( )CPKK

0SK

0B

b

d

s

dd d

0SK

0

New phases from SUSY?

, , ( )CPKK

W

In SM interference between B mixing, K mixing and Penguin bsss or bsdd gives the same e as in tree process bccs. However loops can also be sensitive to New Physics!

2( )

~ 5%

2( / )

~ 20%

Purely dimensional estimate

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Before summer 05

Deviation from SM: No theory error: 3.7 Naïve theory errors: 2.9

Lp05

The usual 3 effect!!

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Extrapolation at high Lumi

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bsl+l- precision measurements

New Physics – K(*) l+l-, sl+l- e+e- Precision

Measurement Goal 3/ab 10/ab 50/ab 100/ab

(BK/(BKe+e-) SM: 1 ~8% ~4% ~2% ~1.5%

ACP(BK* l+l-) (all) (high mass)

SM: < 0.05%

~6%

~12%

~3%

~6%

~1.5%

~3%

~1.1%

~2%

AFB(BK*l+l-) : ŝ0SM: ±5% ~20% ~9% 9%

AFB(Bsl+l-) : ŝ0 27% 15% 6.7% 5.0%

AFB (Bsl+l-) : C9 , C10 36-55% 20-30% 9-13% 7-10%

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Rare Decays

MEASUREMENT Goal 3/ab 10/ab 50/ab 100/ab

BD*) SM: : 8x10-3 10.2% 5.6% 2.5%

Bs)K,K* SM:Theory ~5%1 excl: 4x10-6

~1 >3 >4 >5

Binvisible) <2x10-6 <1x10-6 <4x10-7 <2.5x10-7

Bd ) ~8x10-11 <3x10-8 <1.6x10-8 <7x10-9 <5x10-9

Bd ) ~1x10-8 <1x10-3 O(10-4) ? ?

) now< 7 10-8 <10-10

h) now < 10-7 <10-10

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Physics case

On the physics case a lot of documents are available they are the result of three years of Physics workshops in Slac ,in KEK and Joint meetings in Hawaii .

Three years of Physics Workshops have produced heavy documents . See for example:The Discovery Potential of a Super B Factory (Slac-R-709)Letter of Intent for KEK Super B Factory ( KEK Report 2004-4 )Physics at Super B Factory ( hep-ex/0406071 )At the URL : www.pi.infn.it/SuperB you can find documents and links to documentsThe physics case for a Super Flavour Factory is solid if :The sample of data available in a few years of running can reach 100 ab -1 (10 11 BBbar,

tau and charm pairs) The running period is overlapped to LHC. (Results from Super Flavour and LHC are

largely complementary).As asked by the president of INFN an international study group has been formed to study

the case, to evaluate the solution with time, costs, synergies, surface required …An international group is at work we had a workshop in LNF the 11 and 12 Nov 2005, a

second workshop will be held in LNF on 16,17 and 18 march 2006 The Physics focus will be on Charm and TausParticipants from US,Italy,Japan,France,Germany UK and Russia are expected. I’ m

completing now the formation of the International Steering group.

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Machine Requirements

• Peak luminosity at Y4s > 1036

• Geometrical acceptance> 99%• Background in the detector < present background in BaBar

and Belle• Narrow beams and low bkgd allowing better vertexing• Possible operations at lower energy as a symmetric

SuperTauCharm• One polarized beam should be available, allowing direct

measurements of asymmetris due to T odd observables in tau decay with a sensitivity of the order 10 -5

• No need of any major R&D• Cost between 4 and 10% of ILC.• Wall power <<50MW

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Solution under discussion (see M.Biagini at this workshop)

• USE of ILC DR + ILC FF Requires virtually no R&D- Uses all the work done for ILC- Ring and ff layouts virtually done, 3km circunference rings- 100% Synergy with ILC - IR extremely simplified 80-100 m straight line- Beam stay clear about 30sigmas with 1cm radius beam pipe- Currents around 1.5Amps- Background better than PEP and KEKB- Possibly to operate at the tau with L=10^35- Polarization of one beam considered- UNDER STUDY the possibility to run down to the phi with lumi<10^34- Total cost about half of the ILC e+ DRs (2 e+ 6km rings in ILC) - Power around 40MW, still to be further optimized (goal 25MW)- Possible to reuse PEP RF system, power supplies, Vacuum pumps, etc.,

further reducing the overall cost- Needs the standard injector system, probably a C-band 7GeV linac like in

KEKB upgrade (already designed)

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For a clean flavour physics in the era of LHC

We pursue a

SUPERB Super Flavour Factory

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• BACKUPS

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Optimized flat case in multi-turn regime with Np=2^10^10, Nbunches=5000 (3Km ring), Colliding every turn IP parameters: sigx=2.67um sigy=12.6nm Crab focus on in vertical plane betx=2.5mm bety=80um X_crossing_angle=2*25mrad sigz=4mm sige=5MeV (sige/e=1*10-3) (Lum_sige=7MeV) emix=0.4nm (emix_norm=4um) emiy=0.002nm (emiy_norm=20pm) emiz=4.0um Damping_time (Tau)=10msec Stored time between collision=10usec=0.001Tau=1turn Collision_frequency=100KHz*5000 Lmultiturn=0.8*10^36 (Lsingleturn=1.2*10^36) Vertical tune shift like in PEP!!! (similar currents,100 times more luminosity, 100 times smaller betay)

Solution under study

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IPFF FF

ILC ring with ILC FFUncompressed bunchesColliding every turncrossing angle=2*25mrad

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Installation of Crab Cavity

• Shutdown for 18-26 months in 2009-2010 for the upgrade.• 0.9 /ab/month in 2020.

We are here.

Shutdown

SuperKEKB

LHCb may produce LHCb may produce physicsphysics

equivalent to 50 /ab in equivalent to 50 /ab in e+e- in some channels e+e- in some channels

within a few yearswithin a few years

9 /ab/year3.5×1035 × 40 weeks

15 /ab/year

SUPER KEKB Project

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OUTLINE

M.A.G. Introduzione (10)

M. Ciuchini B Physics BSM (20+5’)

P.Raimondi Superb Machine scenarios (20+5’)

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Da Napoli 23 Settembre …..

Meeting settimanali del gruppo di supporto.

(I meetings sono aperti si puo’ partecipare per telefono , chi e’interessato puo’ mandarmi un e-mail ,gli faro’ avere le coordinate per il collegamento)

Meeting con Masanori Yamauchi (19.10.05)(Totsuka si e’ dimesso da DG di KEK, I tempi in giappone

possono essere piu’ lunghi se c’e’ una iniziativa in Europa, I giapponesi sono interessati ad una partecipazione al detector ed alla macchina in una struttura internazionale partecipando in kind in modo cospicuo O(15-20%)

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Ancora sull’aspetto internazionale

SLAC conferma la partecipazione del gruppo macchina ed

in kind con elementi di PEPII

ORSAY ed IN2P3Interesse di fisici francesi di Babar in generale e del

laboratorio alla partecipazione promessa di far partecipare al progetto 2 macchinisti.

L’aspetto internazionale sottolineato e proposta di richiesta congiunta alla Unione Europea.

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Workshop a LNF 11,12 Novembre

• Larga partecipazione sopratutto di macchinisti anche da KEK.

• Physics case» M.Ciuchini BSM with 50 ab-1» T.Iijima the SuperKEKB motivation

• Machine WG1

• Detector WG2

»

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10 ab-1 = 1010 BB + 1010

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Reference Design of a SBF

•

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A lot of activity and progress in WG1

There was an important evolution of the original Pantaleo idea with the contribution of all the experts.

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LinearB scheme

IPLER Bunch compressor and FF

HER Bunch compressor and FF

LERHER

Overall rings lenght about 6Km (at the present),Collision frequency about 120Hz*10000bunch_trains=1.200MHzBunch train stays in the rings for 8.3msec, then is extracted, compressed and focused. After the collision is reinjected in its ring

LER injection Her injection

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New SBF Layout with SC Linacs

New possible scheme. Asymmetry is an open parameter. Wall power linear with the DR energy is an issue.

Positrons

Electrons

Gun

3 GeV 3 GeV

Dump

5 GeV

1 GeVDR

Transport

E+ source

Make up E

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SLC stile Super B

e- Gun

2GeVe+ DR IP

5 GeV e+ & 3.5GeV e- SC Linac

e- Dump

0.5GeV SC Linac

7GeV e+

4 GeV e-

e-

e+

2 GeV e+ injection

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Linear Super B

e- Gun2GeVe+ DR

IP

5GeV e+ SC Linac

e- Dump7GeV e+

4 GeV e-

4GeV e- SC Linac

2 GeV e+ injection

Wall power<100MW (a tremendous Syncrotron light Source. Possible short pulse FEL in linacs

L>1036

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Expected low BKGD

• Negli schemi di macchina considerati, la luminosita’ puo’ essere molto elevata un fattore 10 e piu’ maggiore di quella di progetto di SuperKEKB.

• Sorgenti polarizzate possono consentire misure dirette di T violation in Tau decays

• Il BKGD nel detector puo’ essere inferiore all’attuale in Babar, infatti la corrente circolante nella zona di interazione puo’ essere una decina di mA soltanto.

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Detector

Il detector per Superb non sembra il punto critico.La ermeticita’ puo essere accresciuta (99.5%) , la beam pipe ridotta a 10mm (diametro) .

Un rivelatore con un upgrade ragionevole deve essere il risultato di un progetto aperto (Babar, Belle ed altri)

Masahashi Hazumi nel workshop del Cern su Flavour nell’era di LHC ha proposto scherzosamente

BARBABELLE

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BEAM Energy Asymmetry

Present PEPII Present Babar resolution

OK

Nicola will discuss in detail the resolution needed in time dependent analysis as functon of

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Detector

If machine could have low Bkg then designing the detector wouldn’t be terrible

It could be based on the present Babar or Belle with an improved vertex (beam pipe down to 10mm?)

PID improved and with a reduced asymmetry (7+4 GeV ?) a more

hermetic detector is feasible thenA NEW EMC ENDCAPS also needed.

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What from now!

Simulations of a proposed strawman design needed to optimize

Luminosity/(Wall power ) ratio.

Evaluation of Bkgd inside the detector O(10) or O(102) less then in the original Super PEPII

Choice of the machine asymmetry (7+4 GeV i.e. For the Y(4s) or )

Better definition of the synergy with ILC activities.

Preliminary definition of the machine R&D needed.

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Conclusion

What we learned :MACHINE parameters is the issue.We need a common effort of machine experts,

most of them involved in ILC project.DETECTOR appears feasible and reasonably

obtainable from a joint effort of Babar and Belle communities.

A draft will be written from now and the end of november.

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INFN Super B group

INFN has setup a roadmap program to evaluate future options and commitments in major physics projects.

Groups (as a sort of advisory bodies) have been setup to collect informations in a coherent way to be presented to the INFN management.

In the area covered by Gruppo I (Particle Physics with accelerators) a group has been setupto study the possibility of a SuperB Factory in Italy .

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Structure and How to move on

Marco Ciuchini has been appointed as a theorist member of the group.

I hope to be able to assemble the entire group (Pannel, Thing, COSA?) by the end of next week , of course coordinators of GruppoI are welcome and their contributions based on their experience and wisdom will be particularly valuable.

The report to my understanding should be ready by the end of January 06, that is TOMORROW.

The charge I received was to limit the membership of the group to people of INFN, and that is fine since it will act as an advisory group internal to INFN. However a larger community , from Slac, us in general, Canada, Europe, is interested in the possibility of the SuperB in Italy, they have studied the case in the past few years and volunteered to continue their activity in studying the parameters of the machine and the detector and in supplying all possible information as consulting group to our INFN pannel.

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How to move on

Regular weekly meetings of the consulting group have been setup on mondays , they are open and volunteers can freely subscribe!

The group contains machine physicists from LNF and Slac, italian european and US experimental physicists .

Material will be collected about the machine and the detector and given in real time to our Panel.

We think that the documents on the physics case are already available, so I think that on this subject the task for the panel and in particular for Marco would be somehow easier than the evaluation of the other parameters.

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PHYSICS MENU

• Unitarity Triangle sides measurements– From (semi)leptonic decays, inclusive or exclusive– |Vub|, |Vcb|, |Vtd|

• UT angles precision measurements– bs penguin transitions very sensitive to new physics– CPV Asymmetries in BKs, Ks0 compared with sin2.– measurement with B and – direct CPV– measurement with BDK or similar channels.

• Rare decays– Exclusive and inclusive b sBFs, direct asymmetries, photon

helicities– Exclusive and inclusive b sl+l- BFs, AFB, CP asymmetries– B decays to states with large missing energy, such as B(d,s) +-, B K(*), b s, B D(*), B XCB

– LFV in hand similar channels

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In the basket of BFACTORIES Direct CP

0

0B KB K 0.133 0.030 0.009 CPA

Signal (227 pairs): 1606 51M BBPRL 93 (2004) 131801

0 B K 0 B K

BBAABBARARBBAABBARAR4.2

0 B K 0 B K

0.06 0.06 0.01 0.04 0.05 0.02 Belle

CP

CP

A BABARA

Average 0.049 0.040 CPA

3.6

Confirmation at ICHEP04

0.101 0.025 0.005 CPASignal (274 pairs): 2140 53M BB

Average 0.114 0.020 CPA3.9

BelleBelleBelleBelle

BBAABBARARBBAABBARAR

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New unitarity triangle with new values

New value of Sin2 vs. UT general fit with new Vub/Vcb value

After Lp 05 Preferred solution

Lp05 new Belle value with 386M

New average values BaBar BelleSin2=0.685±0.032C=0.016±0.046

)(93.1]CKM[ 6.912.5-

)(99]all[ 129-

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Including mainly from Dalitz analysis

Summer ’05

CKM is a success so far…..

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Comparison with LHCb

SuperKEKB 5ab-1 50ab-1 LHCb 2fb-1

CK

Mw

/ F

CN

CC

PV

(b s

)M.Yamauchi PisaOct19,05

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Complementary information

LHC

Super B Factory

Squark mass matrix (d sector)

A Super B Factory (with 1036 BETTER with 1037 ), early in the LHC era, can

provide the meansto eliminate potential models as well as unique information on CP phases

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Is Physics case solid?Question :Is there still a physics case for highly precise flavour experiments in the next decade?

• Evidence for New Physics could be found by ATLAS and CMS in the first few years of LHC operation (2÷5 years?)

• LHCb will take data on the same time scale

My view:

It is a solid case if the SuperB is really SUPER

(10 10 ÷ 10 11 B and pair per year well before 2015 )

( in the same running period as LHC and before ILC).3years of Physics Workshop have produced heavy documents The Discovery Potential of a Super B Factory (Slac-R-709)Support of Physics case also inLetter of Intent for KEK Super B Factory ( KEK Report 2004-4 )Physics at Super B Factory ( hep-ex/0406071 )

Marco Ciuchini will present the potentiality of exploring BSM with a data base at the level of 50 ab -1

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Extrapolation at high Lumi

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bsl+l- precision measurements

New Physics – K(*) l+l-, sl+l- e+e- Precision

Measurement Goal 3/ab 10/ab 50/ab 100/ab

(BK/(BKe+e-) SM: 1 ~8% ~4% ~2% ~1.5%

ACP(BK* l+l-) (all) (high mass)

SM: < 0.05%

~6%

~12%

~3%

~6%

~1.5%

~3%

~1.1%

~2%

AFB(BK*l+l-) : ŝ0SM: ±5% ~20% ~9% 9%

AFB(Bsl+l-) : ŝ0 27% 15% 6.7% 5.0%

AFB (Bsl+l-) : C9 , C10 36-55% 20-30% 9-13% 7-10%

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Goals with high statistics

5ab-1 50ab-1

Yamahuchi 19.10.05