DIFFERENT TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS

PRESENTERS:-VISHAL SUTHAR

-MEHUL JAIN

INTRODUCTION Operating System is the set of programs that controls a computer. OS’es offer a number of services to application programs and

users. OS makes computer more convenient to use. Operating System provides a pleasant and effective interface

between the user and the hardware.

Contd…..

EXAMPLES OF OPERATING SYSTEM

Windows OS

Windows OS is developed by Microsoft.Most Dominant & popular OS in today’s market.User friendly OS. There is also a mobile version of Windows as

well as a server version of Windows (Latest version of windows server is 2016).

Latest version of windows is Windows 10

Windows XPThe term “XP” stands for experience.Windows XP is the successor to both Windows 2000

Professional and Windows ME.Within XP there are 2 main editions: Home and Professional.The Professional version has additional features and is

targeted at power users and business clients.Windows XP has released a set of service packs (currently

there are 3) which fix problems and add features.Windows XP is used by most of organizations.Windows XP is an multi user OS and has Graphical User

Interface (GUI).

WINDOWS VISTAWindows Vista contains many changes and new features from XP.Improvement in GUI and Visual style.For graphics, Microsoft has added Windows Display

Driver Model (WDDM) and a major revision to Direct 3D.

IPv6 network technology was added to Vista.Vista includes technologies which employ fast flash

memory to improve system performance by chaching commonly used programs and data.

SECURITY IN WINDOWSWindows is the most vulnerable OS to attacks.Security software is a must when you’re using Windows which

is much different then Linux and OS X.It has been criticized for its susceptibility to malware, viruses,

trojan horses, and worms.Windows has historically been a tempting target for virus

creators because of its world market dominance.It is recommended to have automatic updates turned on to

prevent a system from being attacked by an unpatched bug.

VERSIONS OF WINDOWS OS

Windows 10 (Latest)Windows 8.1Windows 8Windows 7Windows VistaWindows XP

LINUXLinux (also known as GNU/Linux) is one of the most prominent examples

of free software and open source development which means that typically all underlying source code can be freely modified, used, and redistributed by anyone. The name “Linux” comes from the Linux kernel, started in 1991 by Linus Torvalds. The system’s utilities and libraries usually come from the GNU operating system (which is why it is also known as GNU/Linux).

Linux is predominantly known for its use in servers. It is also used as an operating system for a wide variety of computer hardware, including desktop computers, supercomputers, video game systems, and embedded devices such as mobile phones and routers.

MAC OSMac OS is a series of graphical user interface-based operating

systems developed by Apple Inc. for their Macintosh line of computer systems.

Mac OS was designed only to run on Apple Computers. In 1984, Apple introduced the Macintosh PC with the

Macintosh Operating System. Apple names its OS as “Mac OS”, beginning in 1997 which

was previously known as “System”.

THE FIRST MAC OSThe first Mac was introduced by

Apple’s chairman Steve Jobs was the first successful personal computer to feature a mouse and a Graphical User Interface(GUI).

The Mac OS could be easily distinguished from other Operating systems because it was the only OS with a full GUI.

These releases could only run one program at a time which could later run multiple programs.

VARIOUS VERSIONS OF MAC OSVersion Codename Release Date

Mac OS X 10.0 Cheetah March 24, 2001Mac OS X 10.1 Puma September 25, 2001Mac OS X 10.2 Jaguar August 24, 2002Mac OS X 10.3 Panther October 24, 2003 Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger April 29, 2005 Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard October 26, 2007Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard August 28, 2009Mac OS X 10.7 Lion July 20, 2011Mac OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion July 25, 2012Mac OS X 10.9 Mavericks October 22, 2013

Mac OS X 10.10 Yosemite October 16,2014Mac OS X 10.11 El Capitan September 30, 2015Mac OS X 10.12 Sierra September 20, 2016

ADVANTAGES OF MAC OS Easy to Use The Mac OS is much easier to ease than any other operating system. Even people who are not familiar with it can operate it easily.

Integration With Apple and Other Products Mac OS will automatically recognize and work with any other Apple product, such as iPhone, Cinema Display, Airport, and iPad. On top of this, additional drivers are rarely needed for non-Apple products.

Mac OS can run Windows at the same time Mac OS runs on Intel chips, which means you can run XP or Vista concurrently with Mac OS, with Boot Camp or Parallels software.

ADVANTAGES OF MAC OS

ReliabilityApple controls production from start to finish, so every part of a Mac is designed and tested to work together.

Design It’s designed to deliver the most intuitive and integrated computer experience in the world.

DISADVANTAGES OF MAC OSGamingIf you're a computer gamer, Mac OS isn't going to do it for you. Boot Camp and Parallels will allow you to run games natively in Windows, but there may be a performance hit. Some games are produced for Mac OS, but the number is very small.

PriceAll that flashy secure reliable power comes at a price. Macs cost more than machines that run other operating systems.

DISADVANTAGES OF MAC OS

Fewer Software Options Not all applications are yet available for Mac Unlike Windows.

Cannot be upgraded/customized There are upgrade options when you buy a Mac, but unlike a Windows PC, you cannot mix and match components. The easiest way to upgrade a Mac is to buy a new one.

WHAT IS DOS???

DOS stands for Disk operating system.

It is used for abstraction and management of secondary storage devices of the computers and the information stored there.

HISTORY

In early days of computers, there were no disk drives; instead magnetic tapes, punched cards etc. were used.

After creation of hard disks and floppy disks, the need of a software for managing rapid access to block storage of sequential and other data became inevitable.

So, DOS was developed.

NAMING THE FILES IN DOSDOS permits the user to assign a name consisting of two

parts to a filename - primary & secondary names. Primary can consist of 8 characters while

secondary can consist of 3 characters. Both names are separated by a dot (.) For eg; Bioedit.exe

EXAMPLES OF DISK OPERATING SYSTEMSDOS/360 for IBM system/360 family of Mainframe computers.DOS for DEC PDP-II Minicomputers.

The best known family of operating systems named DOS was that running on IBM PC’s type hardware using the INTEL CPU’s or alike. The original was 86-DOS, which later became MS-DOS when Microsoft bought the license and rights.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MS-DOS AND WINDOWS

DOS Windows

Single User Multi User

Single tasking Multi tasking

Not time Sharing Time Sharing

Input device Keyboard Standard Input devices are Keyboard & Mouse

Character User Interface (CUI) Graphical User Interface (GUI)

LINUXLinux (also known as GNU/Linux) is one of the most prominent examples of

free software and open source development which means that typically all underlying source code can be freely modified, used, and redistributed by anyone. The name “Linux” comes from the Linux kernel, started in 1991 by Linus Torvalds. The system’s utilities and libraries usually come from the GNU operating system (which is why it is also known as GNU/Linux).

Linux is predominantly known for its use in servers. It is also used as an operating system for a wide variety of computer hardware, including desktop computers, supercomputers, video game systems, and embedded devices such as mobile phones and routers.

Linux OS is very complicated OS and very hard to use.

ADVANTAGES OF LINUXFREEDOM! Most Linux distributions are free….. users do not need to pay for a copy, but this is only one aspect of freedom enjoyed by Linux users!LINUX IS VERY STABLE! Linux systems rarely crash, and when they do, the whole system normally does not go down. The “blue screen of death” familiar to Windows users is not a worry for Linux users. LINUX IS LESS VULNERABLE TO COMPUTER MALWARE! Because most computer malware are designed to attack Windows (often through Active X which is not typically found in Linux) the odds are considerably less for Linux to be infected with a virus than Windows.

ADVANTAGES OF LINUXLINUX TYPICALLY DOES NOT SLOW DOWN OVER TIME! Unlike Windows, Linux does not easily become bogged down with spyware, viruses, trojans, etc., which can greatly reduce a computer’s performance.

DISADVANTAGES OF LINUX

MANY WINDOWS PROGRAMS WILL NOT RUN IN LINUX. iTunes, Microsoft Office, Internet Explorer and many other Windows programs will not run natively in Linux. The good news is that there are decent ways around most of these problems. THERE IS A SMALLER SELECTION OF PERIPHERAL HARDWARE

DRIVERS FOR LINUX. There is a smaller selection of peripheral hardware drivers (for printers, scanners, and other devices) in Linux as compared to Windows, though many new Linux hardware drivers are constantly being added.

DISADVANTAGES OF LINUX

THERE IS A LEARNING CURVE FOR PEOPLE WHO ARE NEW TO LINUX.

Despite this, most Linux distros, especially the major ones, are very intuitive and user-friendly. Also, the desktop environments in Linux are in many ways similar to Windows in their appearance. One thing which should be emphasized is that there is also a learning curve for Windows XP users who switch to Windows 7 or Windows 8. 

UNIXThe Unix operating system was born in the late 1960s. It originally

began as a one man project led by Ken Thompson of Bell Labs, and has since grown to become the most widely used operating system.

In the time since Unix was first developed, it has gone through many different generations and even mutations.• Some differ substantially from the original version, likely Berkeley

Software Distribution (BSD) or Linux.• Others, still contain major portions that are based on the original

source code.

FEATURES OF UNIXMULTI-USER & MULTI-TASKING Most version of Unix are capable of allowing multiple users to log onto the system, and have each run multiple tasks. This is standard for most modern os.

OVER 30 YEARS OLD Unix is over 30 years old and it’s popularity and use is still high. Over these years, many variations have spawned off and many have died off, but most modern Unix system can be tracked back to the original versions. It has endured the test of time.

LARGE NUMBER OF APPLICATIONS

There are an enormous amount of applications available for Unix OS. They range from commercial applications such as CAD, MAYA, WordPerfect, to many free applications.

FEATURES OF UNIX FREE APPLICATIONS AND EVEN A FREE OS Of all of the applications available under Unix, many of them are free. The compilers and the interpreter that we use in most of the programming courses here at UMBC can be downloaded free of charge. Most of the development that we do in programming course is done under the Linux OS.

LESS RESOURCE INTENSIVE In general, most Unix installations tend to be much less demanding on system resources. In many cases, the old family computer that can barely run Windows is more than sufficient to run the latest version of Linux.

INTERNET DEVELPOMENT Much of the backbone of the internet is run by Unix servers. Many of the more general web servers run Unix with the Apache web server - another free application

FLAVORS OF UNIXAIX – Developed by IBM for use on its Mainframe Computers.BSD/OS – Developed by Wind River for Intel processors.HP-UX – Developed by Hewlett-Packard(HP) for its HP 9000 series of business.IRIX – Developed by SGI for applications that use 3D visualization and virtual .

reality. QNX – A real time OS developed by QNS Software Systems primarily for use in

embedded systems.SOLARIS – Developed by Sun Microsystems for the SPARC platform and the

most widely used proprietary flavors for web servers.Tru64 – Developed by Compaq for the Alpha processor.

Any Questions ?

For Your Attention!