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DigestionBy: Kelsey Kreager
& Lynn Ersek
What is Digestion?
The process of breaking down food
– Provides nutrients
– Breaks down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
Provides energy source (ATP)
The Mouth
• The first step in the digestive process
• Mastication occurs = chewing
•Saliva
• contains the enzyme amylase that breaks down
carbs
• creates a “bolus”
• softens food
EsophagusEsophagus
A muscular tube that moves food from the mouth to the stomach
“peristalsis” = muscular motion of the esophagus
Stomach!!!!Stomach!!!! Contains a HCl acid (pH 2)---walls are Contains a HCl acid (pH 2)---walls are
protected by thick layer of mucusprotected by thick layer of mucus
Parietal chief cell along wall Parietal chief cell along wall – Contain pepsides (enzymes)Contain pepsides (enzymes)
Digest proteins and carbsDigest proteins and carbs
Small Small Intestine/DuodenumIntestine/Duodenum
Duodenum Duodenum = beginning of sml. Intestine= beginning of sml. Intestine
Contains pH 7Contains pH 7 Enzymes digest FATSEnzymes digest FATS
Continue to digest proteins and carbsContinue to digest proteins and carbs
Villi line the small intestineVilli line the small intestine ABSORB NUTRIENTSABSORB NUTRIENTS
Duodenum VilliDuodenum Villi
Large Intestine/AppendixLarge Intestine/Appendix Reabsorbs H2O Reabsorbs H2O The bacteria =vitamin The bacteria =vitamin
productionproduction Encloses the small intestineEncloses the small intestine The appendix is a “finger-The appendix is a “finger-
like glandular piece of tissue like glandular piece of tissue that connects to the that connects to the beginning of the large beginning of the large intestine” intestine” ((http://kidshealth.org/parent/infections/sthttp://kidshealth.org/parent/infections/stomach/appendicitis.htmlomach/appendicitis.html).).
Rectum!!! (a.k.a. Mr. Hanky’s door)
Mr. Hanky exits the body.
Waste is deposited from the body.
Whatever is left from the digestive process.
Liver/Gallbladder/PancreasLiver/Gallbladder/Pancreas
Gallbladder (green)Gallbladder (green) Pancreas (orange)Pancreas (orange)- contains bile- contains bile -produces insulin -produces insulin
Liver (brown)Liver (brown)- detoxifies- detoxifies- stores “glycogen”- stores “glycogen” -insulin (stores)-insulin (stores) -glucagon (releases)-glucagon (releases)-immunity-immunity-helps make bile-helps make bile
Applications:Applications:Mouth:Mouth: cavitiescavities= bacteria infects “pulp” of tooth= bacteria infects “pulp” of tooth
endoscopyendoscopy= = tube w/ cameratube w/ camera
Stomach:Stomach: ulcersulcers= = holes in the stomach liningholes in the stomach lining
-causes: smoking, bacteria, stress-causes: smoking, bacteria, stress
Gallbladder:Gallbladder: gallstonesgallstones= = build up of cholesterol build up of cholesterol and salt and salt
Appendix:Appendix: appendicitisappendicitis—most common cause for children’s —most common cause for children’s abdominal surgery abdominal surgery
Pancreas:Pancreas: Type 1 diabetesType 1 diabetes= = pancreatic cells are pancreatic cells are destroyed (juvenile onset) destroyed (juvenile onset)
Type 2 diabetesType 2 diabetes= = “diet controlled”“diet controlled”
(obesity and diet)(obesity and diet)