Internal medicineLectures for students, 7th semester
Digestive diseases of ruminants I.Diseases of the buccal cavity and esophagus
Dr. Vörös Károly/ Dr. Abonyi TamásBelgyógyászati Tanszék és Klinika
Classification of stomatitis I.
Morphological classification
1. Simple stomatitis (stomatitis simplex, s. catarrhalis), e.g. mild physical - chemical causes
2. Ulcerative st. (s. ulcerosa, s. erosiva), e.g. satratoxicosis3. Necrotic st. (s. necroticans, s. gangraenosa; noma),
e.g. necrobacillosis4. Purulent st. (s. purulenta, s. phlegmonosa, s. apostematosa),
e.g. bacterial stomatitis (actinobacillosis)5. Membranous st. (s. pseudomembranacea, s. crouposa, s.
diphteroides), e.g. soor (candidiasis)6. Papular st. (s. papulosa), e.g. bovine papular stomatitis 7. Vesicular st. (s. vesiculosa), e.g. FMD, soremouth
Classification of stomatitis II.
Course of disease
acute
subacute
chronic
bovine papular stomatitis
Classification of stomatitis III.
Etiological classification 1. (noninfectious agents)
Physical causes:sharp plants, tooth abnormalities, foreign bodies
Chemical causes:irritant chemicals (e.g. fertilizers), drugs (e.g. chloral hydrate), acids, alkalis
Toxicoses:e.g. chronic mercury or furazolidone toxicosis, satratoxicosis(Stachybotris atra)
Etiological classification 2. (infectious agents)Bacteria:e.g. necrobacillosis (Fusobacterium necrophorum ssp. n.)
actinobacillosis (Actinobacillus lignieresii), tongueactinomycosis (Actinomyces /C. bovis, A/C/. israeli), gum, bone
Víruses:BOVINE: FMD (aphthovírus), BVD (pestivírus), BPS (parapox-vírus), BMC (herpesvírus), infectious rhinotracheitis (herpesvírus), vesicular stomatitis (vesiculovírus), rinderpest(morbillivírus)
SHEEP, GOAT: FMD, soremouth=contagious ecthyma (parapoxvírus), blue tongue (orbivírus), peste de petits ruminantes(morbillivirus)
Fungi: moniliasis, candidiasis = soor (C. albicans)
Classification of stomatitis IV.
Clinical signs of stomatitis
A) General symptoms (in severe stomatitis)
anorexia, depression, fever
B) Local symptoms
• halitosis (foetor ex ore)• salivation• disorders of eating (drinking, sucking, chewing)• morphological alterations (see at the morphological classification)
Diagnosis of stomatitis
Symptomatic diagnosis: type of stomatitis
Etiological diagnosis: * history, typical morphological lesions* general and other organic symptoms* additional laboratory examinations
ATTENTION ! - fever, drooling, endemic onset: FMD!!!
- drooling, CNS signs: RABIES!DO NOT MANIPULATE IN THE MOUTH!
Watching this picture, what comes into your mind?
Footh-and-mouth disease(FMD); cattle, tongue
(Soós, 1992)
Footh-and-mouth disease;cattle
(Soós, 1992)
Hoof Udder
Footh-and-mouth disease(Soós, 1992)
goat
sheep
Rinderpest(Soós, 1992)
Malignant catarrhalfever, bovine malignant
catarrh (BMC)(Soós, 1992)
Bovine virus diarrhoea(BVD); Mucosal disease
(MD)
Mixed viral stomatitis (BVD, IBR), calf
Bovine papular stomatitis(BPS)
Bovine papular stomatitis(Blowey and Weaver, 1991)
Contagious ecthyma, soremouth
BluetongueBluetongue
Etiology:
orbivirus
Treatment of stomatitis
1. Treatment and elimination of the cause if possible
2. Diet (good quality hay, molasses, bran), peroral/intravenous fluid
3. Local therapy: 0,1 % AgNO3 solution, 2 % borax, polividon
iodide, mild oxidative disinfectants, camomile tea
4. Increasing of general resistance and protection of the epithelium:Vitamin A
5. Local or parenteral antimicrobial treatment for 5-10 days
Traumatic rupture of the tongue
Actinomycosis
Actinobacillosis
Wooden tongue
Actinobacillosis
Mechanism of misswallowingand regurgitation(after Mócsy, 1965)
I.: respiration
II.: swallowing
III.: misswallowing
HP: hard palate, Ch: choanae,
SP: soft palate, Lx: larynx,
Es: esophagus.
Es
tongue
HP
SPLx
HP
tongue
tongue
HP
SP
SP
Es
Lx
Lx
Esophageal obstruction; choke(obturatio oesophagi) I.
Etiology:
feeding history : solid (piece) of food, getting rid of the animal, hunger
Pathogenesis:
obturation (anatomical predilections) spasm pain
regurgitation, drooling, (wall necrosis) + bloat (suffocation)
perioesophagitis, perforation
Clinical signs:
peracute, acute course restlessness (colic like behaviour !!! )retching, salivation, regurgitationvisible, palpable mass in the jugular grooverapid bloat (within hours), enlargement of the flanks (left side!)
Diagnosis:
history, solid mass in the jugular groove, esophageal tubing, (endoscopy)
Differential diagnosis: diseases with salivation, dysphagia, acute bloat
see next table
Esophageal obstruction II.
Esophageal obstruction
Differential diagnosis of diseases that cause dysphagia in cattleDiseases Cause DifferentiationEsophagealobstruction
Large, solid piecesof feed
feeding history, ± visible, palpable mass in the jugulargroove, diagnostic probing ( nasogastric tube)
Esophagealcompression
tumor,actinobacillosis,tuberculosis
chronic illness, diagnostic probing, endoscopy, contrastradiography
Hoflund-disease complete vagalindigestion(reticuloperitonitis)
positive tests for pain, ruminal atony, ferroscopy,diagnostic rumenotomy
Rabies Lyssavirus first: colic-like symptoms, restlessness, hypersexualitylater: increased reactivity, central nervous signs, alteredsound, medullar paralysis, ascending paralysis of thelimbs; brain: Negri bodies; fluorescent antibody test
Aujeszky-disease Herpesvirus history: contact with pigstachypnoe, increased reactivity, central nervous signs,paraesthesia, 36-48 hours course of the disease;histological examination of the brain
Botulism Clostridiumbotulinum toxin
intact sensorium, flaccid paralysis of the striated musclesdemonstration of toxin in blood, ruminal content, feed
Cerebrocorticalnecrosis
Thiaminhypovitaminosis
feeding history, decreased reactivity, involuntarymovements, blindness, blood: decreased transketolase andhigh piruate acid level
Cerebral abscess bacterial metastasis decreased reactivity, sagging jaw, involuntary movement(no specific signs)
Treatment:
• Spasmolytics, analgesics (metamizol = dipyrone, flunixin meglumine)
• Sedation (xylazine)• Trocarization if necessary• Removal of the foreign body:
* by hand* by using a rubber tube
or a special tube (+ oil, water)
* via surgery
Esophageal obstruction III.
Bárány probang
equivalent: Thygesen’s probang
Literature sourcesSoós T.: A ragadós száj- és körömfájás elleni védekezés kérdései. About the control of fouth-and-mouth disease. Magyar Állatorvosok Lapja, 1992. 47. (7.) 326-341.
Blowey, R.W.; Weaver, A.D.: A colour atlas of diseases anddisorders of cattle. Wolfe Publishing Ltd, Aylesbury, 1991.