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Digestive SystemDigestive System
What is digestion and where does it What is digestion and where does it start?start?
The Digestive SystemThe Digestive System
DigestionDigestion
AbsorptionAbsorption
EliminationElimination
DigestionDigestion
Mechanical break down of foodsMechanical break down of foods Teeth-break down food into small piecesTeeth-break down food into small pieces
Masticaiton—process of chewingMasticaiton—process of chewing
Chemical break down of foodsChemical break down of foods Saliva-produced by the salivary glands; the first Saliva-produced by the salivary glands; the first
juices used in the process; break down starches juices used in the process; break down starches and sugars in foods; lubricates food making it and sugars in foods; lubricates food making it easier to swallow.easier to swallow.
Both for use by the cells of the bodyBoth for use by the cells of the body
DigestionDigestion
Chemical break down of foodsChemical break down of foods Saliva-produced by the salivary glands; the Saliva-produced by the salivary glands; the
first juices used in the process; break down first juices used in the process; break down starches and sugars in foods; lubricates starches and sugars in foods; lubricates food making it easier to swallow.food making it easier to swallow.
BileBile Stomach acidsStomach acids EnzymesEnzymes PepsinPepsin
DigestionDigestion
TongueTongue
Forms chewed food into a size and shape that can Forms chewed food into a size and shape that can be easily swallowedbe easily swallowed
EsophagusEsophagus
10” muscular tube that connects the pharynx with 10” muscular tube that connects the pharynx with the stomachthe stomach
DigestionDigestion
PeristalsisPeristalsis A series of involuntary muscle contractions A series of involuntary muscle contractions
that move food through the digestive tractthat move food through the digestive tract EsophagusEsophagus StomachStomach intestinesintestines
DigestionDigestion
StomachStomach Hollow, sac-like organ surrounded by Hollow, sac-like organ surrounded by
muscles which allow for expansion during muscles which allow for expansion during ingestion.ingestion.
3 Jobs3 Jobs Mix foods with gastric juicesMix foods with gastric juices Store swallowed food and liquidStore swallowed food and liquid Move food into small intestineMove food into small intestine
stomachstomach
Mix food with juices:Mix food with juices: Secretions from the stomach lining that Secretions from the stomach lining that
contain HYDROCHLORIC ACID,& PEPSIN, contain HYDROCHLORIC ACID,& PEPSIN, an enzyme that breaks down proteinsan enzyme that breaks down proteins HCL—kills bacteria in food and creates an acidic HCL—kills bacteria in food and creates an acidic
environment for the pepsin to do its jobenvironment for the pepsin to do its job Mucus in the lining of the stomach protects the Mucus in the lining of the stomach protects the
stomach from being digested in its own juicesstomach from being digested in its own juices
stomachstomach
ChymeChyme
The creamy fluid mixture of food and gastric The creamy fluid mixture of food and gastric juices formed in the stomach.juices formed in the stomach.
YUCK!!! But it is what it is!!! :~)YUCK!!! But it is what it is!!! :~)
Indirect Digestive OrgansIndirect Digestive Organs
PancreasPancreas
LiverLiver
Gall BladderGall Bladder
pancreaspancreas Organ that produces enzymes that break down Organ that produces enzymes that break down
the carbohydrates, fats, and proteins we the carbohydrates, fats, and proteins we consume.consume.
Organ that is essential in insulin (blood sugar Organ that is essential in insulin (blood sugar regulator) control.—Diabetes I and II.regulator) control.—Diabetes I and II.
liverliver
Organ that produces bileOrgan that produces bile Yellow-green fluid that helps break down Yellow-green fluid that helps break down
and absorb fatsand absorb fats
Jaundice—when the liver is not functioning Jaundice—when the liver is not functioning properly the skin and eyes can become properly the skin and eyes can become yellow from an excess of bile in the system.yellow from an excess of bile in the system.
gall bladdergall bladder
Connects liver to digestive tract as a gateway Connects liver to digestive tract as a gateway for the bilefor the bile
You can live without, but fatty foods will affect You can live without, but fatty foods will affect the body more than a body with a gall bladder.the body more than a body with a gall bladder.
Can become filled with painful gall stonesCan become filled with painful gall stones
AbsorptionAbsorption
Passage of digested food from the Passage of digested food from the digestive tract into the cardiovascular digestive tract into the cardiovascular system through capillaries in the villi of system through capillaries in the villi of the intestinesthe intestines
absorptionabsorption
Small IntestineSmall Intestine 20-23’ long20-23’ long 1” diameter1” diameter Finishes digestion and begins absorption in the villiFinishes digestion and begins absorption in the villi
—finger-like projections in intestines—finger-like projections in intestines
Large Intestine (colon)Large Intestine (colon) 5-6’ long5-6’ long 2.5” diameter2.5” diameter Finishes absorption and begins eliminationFinishes absorption and begins elimination
EliminationElimination Expulsion of undigested food or body wastesExpulsion of undigested food or body wastes
Begins with large intestine—eliminate fecesBegins with large intestine—eliminate feces
Skin excretes some wastes through the pores—sweatingSkin excretes some wastes through the pores—sweating
Lungs expel CO2 and other gas wastesLungs expel CO2 and other gas wastes
Liquids are filtered to the urinary tract for expulsionLiquids are filtered to the urinary tract for expulsion