Date post: | 21-Dec-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
View: | 221 times |
Download: | 2 times |
What is the Digestive System?What is the Digestive System?
• Also called the GI Tract or Alimentary Canal
• The Digestive System is responsible for breaking down foodstuff and converting into energy or using the nutrients in the foodstuff for necessary body functions.
Anatomy of the Digestive SystemAnatomy of the Digestive System
• Begins at the MOUTH.• The mouth is responsible for MECHANICAL
DIGESTION. The teeth break down food by chewing (MASTICATION).
• The mouth is also the place where CHEMICAL DIGESTION begins. The SALIVARY GLANDS (sublingual, parotid, and submandibular glands) are responsible for producing an environment for food breakdown.
• Next, the food enters the ESOPHAGUS (food tube) which connects the mouth to the STOMACH.
• After food enters the stomach, acids are released to continue with chemical digestion.
• From the stomach, food enters the SMALL INTESTINE by traveling through the DUODENUM.
• The small intestine is responsible for absorption of nutrients.
• From the small intestine, food enters the LARGE INTESTINE (colon) where water absorption takes place.
• After the stool is solidified, it travels to the RECTUM and ANUS for removal from the body.
Accessory Digestive OrgansAccessory Digestive Organs
• Liver - detoxifies the blood. - stores sugar as GLYCOGEN.• Pancreas - secretes INSULIN, a hormone that allows
glucose to enter the bodies cells. - also manufactures and secretes GLUCAGON,
a hormone that raises blood sugar and SOMATOSTATIN, a hormone which helps regulate sleep.
Combining Forms Combining Forms for the Digestive Systemfor the Digestive System
• ORAL CAVITY (Mouth)
or / o AND stomat / o refer to the mouth.
IE: stomat / itis -> inflammation of the
mouth
or / al -> pertaining to the mouth
gloss / o AND lingu / o
both mean TONGUE.
gloss / ectomy -> surgical removal of the tongue
lingu / al -> pertaining to the tongue
dent / o AND odont / o mean TEETH.
dent / ist -> specialist of the teeth
Orth / odont / ist -> specialist that straigtens teeth.
• PHARYNX (throat) and ESOPHAGUS
esophag / o -> esophagus
esophag / o / scope -> an instrument to view the esophagus
append / o
appendic / o -> appendix
append / ectomy -> excision of the appendix
appendic / itis -> inflammation of the appendix
col / o
colon / o -> colon
col / o / centesis -> puncture of the colon
colon / o / scope -> instrument to view or examine the colon
enter / o means intestine
enter / o / pathy -> disease of the intestine
enter / it is -> inflammation of the intestine
ile / o means ileum (part of the small intestine)
ile / o / stomy -> to form an opening (mouth) in the ileum
jejun / o means jejunum (part of the small intestine)
jejun / o / rrhaphy -> to suture a rupture of the jejunum
rect / o means rectum
NOTE: there are multiple word roots for many organs.
rect / o / cele -> hernia of the rectum
sigmoid / o means sigmoid colon (part of the large intestine that is “S” shaped)
sigmoid / o / scopy -> a visual examination of the sigmoid colon
Common SuffixesCommon Suffixes
-dynia-algia
Refer to pain.
stomat / o / dynia -> pain in the mouth
NOTE: a combining vowel is not needed when using –algia.
stomat / algia -> pain in the mouth
The combining form
sial / o
Refers to the salivary glands or saliva.
What does sial / o / rrhea mean? flow of saliva
The prefix Dia- means “through”.
What is the literal translation of
Dia / rrhea?
through flow -> frequent passage of watery bowel movements?
Pertaining to…..Pertaining to…..
The following suffixes all mean the same thing.
-al vertebr / al
-ar vascul / ar
-ary maxill / ary
-ic thromb / ic
FYIFYI
When defining a medical word, first define the SUFFIX. Next, look at the beginning of the word (PREFIX or ROOT). Finally, look at the middle of the word (ROOT).
sub / lingu / al1. “-al” means “pertaining to”2. “sub-” means “beneath”
3. “/ lingu /” means “tongue”
Therefore, sublingual means to something pertaining to the beneath the tongue.
A sublingual dose of nitroglycerin is placed beneath the tongue.
-osis-osis
• This suffix refers to an abnormal condition.
stomat / osis means an abnormality of the mouth.
Pharynx, Esophagus, and StomachPharynx, Esophagus, and Stomach
gastr / ic
gastr / itis
gastr / algia
gastr / dynia
gastr / rrhea
All refer to the stomach.
What Do The Following Mean?What Do The Following Mean?
• Gastr / ectomy
• Esophag / o / plasty
• Gastr / tome
Removal of the stomach
Surgical repair of the esophagus
Instrument to cut the stomach
hemat / o -> blood
emesis -> vomit
hemat / emesis -> to vomit blood
NOTE: a combining vowel is NOT needed.
Other DefinitionsOther Definitions
epi - above or upon
epigastric pain is pain above the stomach.
dys - bad, painful, or difficult
-pepsia digestion
dyspepsia literally means painful digestion or “heartburn”
-phagia means to swallow or eat.
dys / phagia is difficultly swallowing
aer - means air
aer / o / phagia means swallowing air. infants frequently have this as they suck milk
from a bottle.
Small Intestine and ColonSmall Intestine and Colon
The small intestine is broken into three parts:
duodenum duoden / o
jejunum jejun / o
ileum ile / o
The SIGMOID COLON becomes the RECTUM.
sigmoid / itis -> inflammation of the sigmoid colon
rect / o / stenosis -> a narrowing of the rectum
Accessory OrgansAccessory Organs
Combining Form Meaning
Cholangi / o bile vesselCholecyst / o gall bladderCholedoch / o bile ductHepat / o liverPancreat / o pancreasSial / o salivaLith / o stone, calculus