Digging Deeper Into Digging Deeper Into Quality ToolsQuality Tools

Process and Tools Training Toolbook-PQ Systems

-http://www.pqsystems.com/

-Information in this presentation is derived from PQ Systems

Pareto Diagram

47

1910 7 2 2 1

35

66%

81%90%

38%

96% 98% 99% 100%

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0%

25%

50%

75%

100%

Pareto’s Law• The Pareto principle (also known as

the 80-20 rule, the law of the vital few Vs. trivial many.

• 80% of the consequences stem from 20% of the causes. – 80% of income in Italy went to 20% of the

population. – "80% of your sales come from 20% of your

clients.“– “80% of discipline problems come from 20% of

the students”

Pareto DiagramP. 145 Tool Book

What is it?- A bar chart which ranks related measures

in decreasing order of occurrence

- A tool to separate the significant aspects

from the trivial ones

- A way to identify “the culprit's” in a problem and focus improvements in the right area

Pareto DiagramHow is it made?

1. Select logical categories.2. Specify the time period.3. Collect the data.4. Construct a frequency table.5. Draw and scale the horizontal and

vertical axes.6. Draw and label the bars for each

category7. Draw the cumulative percentage line.8. Review the results of the Pareto.

Pareto Diagram SampleStep 3- Collect The Data (149 Tool Book)

Category Total

Unexcused Absences 35

Drug & Alcohol Abuse 7

Tardiness 47

Illegal Parking 2

Dress Code Violation 1

Vandalism 2

Class Disruption 19

Fighting & Assault 10

Total 123

Step 4- Construct Frequency Table

Category Frequency Cumulative Frequency

1. Tardiness 47 47

2. Unexcused Absences 35 82

3. Class Disruption 19 101

4. Fighting & Assault 10 111

5. Drug & Alcohol Abuse 7 118

6. Illegal Parking 2 120

7. Vandalism 2 122

8. Dress Code Violation 1 123

Total 123  

Step 5- Draw & Scale Horizontal & Vertical Axes

123

0

100%

75%

50%

25%

0

Step 6- Draw & Label The BarsStep 7- Draw Cumulative % Line

47

1910 7 2 2 1

35

66%

81%90%

38%

96% 98% 99% 100%

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0%

25%

50%

75%

100%

In-Process Measure Example

Estimation Check Sheet Weekly

Class Errors

Hour 1 - Mr. Albert

Strategy 1 2 3 4 5 6

Total1-6

Week12-Sep

19-Sep

29-Sep 3-Oct

10-Oct 17-Oct  

Addition 2 2 1 1 0 0 6

Subtraction 2 2 3 1 2 1 11

Multiplication 7 8 7 8 7 7 44

Division 10 11 10 11 12 10 64

Application 11 11 10 11 12 12 67

28 students              

Total Errors 32 34 31 32 33 30 192

Number of Students 28 28 28 28 28 28

Estimation Check Sheet SkillsWeeks 1- 6

67 64 44 11 6 192

35%

68%

91%

97%100%

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

Application Division Multiplication Subtraction Addition Total N

Item

Nu

mb

e o

f E

rro

rs

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Per

cen

tag

e

This bar represents the total (N

) of your pareto.

Pareto Diagram•Let’s practice the “pareto diagram”

Pareto Diagram

Answer Key

25

9 6 3 1 1

100%98%96%

56%76%

89%

0

10

20

30

40

Student Vs.Teacher

Student Vs.SecurityOfficer

Student Vs.Principal

Intruder Vs.Teacher

Parent Vs.Teacher

Intruder Vs.SecurityOfficer

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Frequency Total Cumulative Percentage Total

Pareto Diagram- Safety ConcernsCheck Sheet Frequency Table

Type of Assault Frequency

Total

Student Vs. Security Officer

Intruder Vs. Security Officer

Intruder Vs. Teacher

Parent Vs. Teacher

Student Vs. Teacher

Student Vs. Principal

9

1

3

1

25

6

Total 45

Pareto Diagram- Cumulative Table

Type of Assault Cumulative

Total

1.) Student Vs. Teacher (25)

2.) Student Vs. Security Officer (9)

3.) Student Vs. Principal (6)

4.) Intruder Vs. Teacher (3)

5.) Parent Vs. Teacher (1)

6.) Intruder Vs. Security Officer (1)

25

34

40

43

44

45

Total 45

Completed Pareto Diagram

25

9 6 3 1 1

100%98%96%

56%76%

89%

0

10

20

30

40

Student Vs.Teacher

Student Vs.SecurityOfficer

Student Vs.Principal

Intruder Vs.Teacher

Parent Vs.Teacher

Intruder Vs.SecurityOfficer

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Frequency Total Cumulative Percentage Total