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Digital Communication Basics

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    ?

    9%6 Aetrlhuotale

    Dfscdfeh trfesmassale

    0,3,4>6?

    http://www.blog.oureducation.in/http://www.blog.oureducation.in/
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    8

    9%6 Aetrlhuotale

    Mlhujftch trfesmassale

    0,3,4>6?

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    Aetrlhuotale

    Pbce trfesmattae` fey typc li cjcotraofj sa`efj lvcr f

    trfesmassale jaec* tbc sa`efj as fttceuftch"hcorcfsch aefmpjatuhc! feh hastlrtchdy tbc trfesmassale mchaum

    ^rcscet watb fjj typcs li trfesmassale mchaum as fe

    cjcotraofj sa`efj gelwe fs elasc

    Xbc fmpjatuhc li tbc elasc sa`efj vfracs rfehlmjy watb

    tamc feh fhhs atscji tl tbc cjcotraofj sa`efj dcae`

    trfesmattch lvcr tbc jaec

    Huc tl tbas elasc ciicot ft slmc stf`c tbc rcocavcr as uefdjctl hctcrmaec irlm tbc fttceuftch rcocavch sa`efj wbctbcr

    tbc trfesmattch sa`efj wfs f daefry 6 lr >

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    9

    9%6 Aetrlhuotale

    Ciicot li fttceuftale* hastlrtale* feh elasc

    0,3,4>6?

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    Aetrlhuotale

    Xbc jcvcj li sa`efj ampfarmcet as hctcrmaech dy;

    - tbc typc li trfesmassale mchaum

    - tbc jce`tb li tbc trfesmassale mchaum

    - tbc dfehwahtb li tbc mchaum- tbc dat rftc li tbc hftf dcae` trfesmattch

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    Xrfesmassale mchaf

    Xbc typc li trfesmassale mchaum as amplrtfet* saeoc

    vfralus typcs li mchaf bfvc haiicrcet dfehwahtb fssloaftchwatb tbcm

    Xbc fssloaftch dfehwahtb wajj hctcrmaec tbc mfxamum datrftc tbft ofe dc usch

    Xbc olmmle typcs li trfesmassale mchaf frc;- twl-warc lpce jaecs

    - twastch-pfar jaecs

    - Olfxafj ofdjc

    - Lptaofj Iadrc

    - _ftcjjatcs

    - Xcrrcstrafj maorlwfvc

    - Tfhal

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    Xwl-warc lpce jaecs

    Ae twl-warc lpce jaecs cfob warc as aesujftch irlm tbc

    ltbcr feh dltb frc lpce tl ircc spfoc

    Xbas typc li jaec as fhcquftc ilr oleecotae` cquapmcet

    tbft as up tl 3>m fpfrt usae` mlhcrftc dat rftcs "jcss tbfe*

    sfy* 61%4gdps!

    Xwl-warc lpce jaecs frc usch elrmfjjy tl oleecot f HXC

    tl jlofj hftf oarouat-tcrmaeftae` cquapmcet "HOC!ilr

    cxfmpjc mlhcm

    Patb tbas typc li jaec* ofrc must dc tfgce tl fvlah orlss-

    olupjae` li cjcotraofj sa`efjs dctwcce fhkfocet warcs ae tbc

    sfmc ofdjc% Xbas as gelwe fs orlsstfjg

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    Xrfesmassale Mchaf Olppcr Parc

    As tbc sampjcst trfesmassale mchaum7 cfob warc as

    aesujftch irlm tbc ltbcr feh dltb frc lpce tl ircc spfoc%

    Xbas typc li jaec as fhcquftc ilr oleecotae` cquapmcet tbft

    as up tl 3> m fpfrt usae` mlhcrftc dat rftcs "jcss tbfe

    61%4gdps!

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    Xrfesmassale Mchaf Sesbacjhch twastch pfar

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    Xwastch-pfar jaecs

    Muob dcttcr ammueaty tl spuralus elasc sa`efjs ofe dc

    fobacvch dy usae` tbc twastch-pfar jaec

    Ae tbas f pfar li warcs frc twastch tl`ctbcr

    Xbc prlxamaty li tbc sa`efj feh `rlueh rcicrceoc warcs

    mcfes tbft fey aetcricrceoc sa`efj as paogch up dy dltb tbcsa`efj feh rcicrceoc warcs

    Ai mujtapjc twastch pfars frc ceojlsch watbae tbc sfmc

    ofdjc* tbc twastae` li cfob pfar watbae tbc ofdjc rchuocsorlsstfjg

    Xwastch pfars frc suatfdjc ilr dat rftcs ae tbc lrhcr li

    6Mdps lvcr sblrt hastfeocs "jcss tbfe 6>>m! feh jlwcr dat

    rftcs lvcr jle` hastfeocs

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    Xrfesmassale Mchaf _bacjhch twastch pfar

    feh olfxafj ofdjc

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    Ol-fxafj ofdjcs

    Xbc jamatae` ifotlr li f twastch-pfarjaec frc ats ofpfoatyfeh f pbcelmcele gelwe fs tbc sgae ciicot

    Fs tbc dat rftc li tbc trfesmattch sa`efj aeorcfscs* tbcourrcet ijlwae` ae tbc warcs tcehs tl ijlw lejy le tbc lutcrsurifoc li tbc warc* tbus usae` jcss li tbc fvfajfdjc orlssscotale

    Xbas aeorcfscs tbc cjcotraofj rcsastfeoc li tbc warcs ilrba`bcr ircquceoy sa`efjs* jcfhae` tl ba`bcr fttceuftale

    Ae fhhatale ft ba`bcr ircquceoacs mlrc sa`efj plwcr as jlst

    fs f rcsujt lirfhaftale ciicots Bceoc ilr fppjaoftales tbft hcmfeh f ba`b dat rftc lvcrjle` hastfeocs* olfxafj ofdjc as litce usch fs tbctrfesmassale mchaum

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    Lptaofj Iadrc Fjtblu`b olfxafj ofdjc sa`eaiaofetjy rchuocs tbc vfralusjamatae` ciicots* tbc mfxamum ircquceoy* feh bceoc tbc dat

    rftc tbft ofe dc trfesmattch usae` f sljah olehuotlr*fjtblu`b vcry ba`b* as jamatch

    Xbc lptaofj iadrc ofdjc haiicrs irlm dltb tbcsctrfesmassale mchaf ae tbft at ofrracs tbc trfesmattch dat

    strcfm ae tbc ilrm li fijuotuftae` dcfm li ja`bt ae f `jfssiadrc

    Ja`bt wfvcs bfvc f muob wahcr dfehwahtb tbfe cjcotraofjwfvcs* cefdjae` lptaofj iadrc ofdjc tl fobacvc trfesmassale

    rftcs li buehrchs li Mdps At as usch ae tbc olrc trfesmassale ectwlrg li ^_XEs fehJFEs feh fjsl OFXY ectwlrgs

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    Lptaofj Iadrc

    Ja`bt wfvcs frc fjsl ammuec tl cjcotrlmf`ectao

    aetcricrceoc feh orlsstfjg Bceoc lptaofj iadrc ofdjc as cxtrcmcjy usciuj ilr tbctrfesmassale li jlwcr dat rftc sa`efjs ae cjcotraofjjy elasycevarlemcets* c%` stccj pjfets

    At as fjsl dcae` usch aeorcfsae`jy wbcrc scouraty asamplrtfet* saeoc at as haiiaoujt pbysaofjjy tl tfp

    Xbc ja`bt sa`efj as `cecrftch dy tbc trfesmattcr wbaob uscsf ja`bt-cmattae` halhc "JCH! lr jfscr halhc "JH!

    Xbc rcocavcr uscs f ja`bt-scesatavc pbltlhalhc

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    Lptaofj iadrc

    Xbc iadrc olesasts li twl pfrts; fe lptaofj olrc feh fe

    lptaofj ojfhhae` watb f jlwcr rcirfotavc aehcx Ja`bt prlpf`ftcs fjle` tbc lptaofj iadrc olrc ae lec litbrcc wfys hcpcehae` le tbc typc feh wahtb li tbc olrcmftcrafj usch

    Ae f mujtamlhc stcppch aehcx iadrc tbc ojfhhae` feh olrcmftcrafj cfob bfs f haiicrcet dut ueailrm rcirfotavc aehcx

    Fjj tbc ja`bt cmattch dy tbc halhc ft fe fe`jc jcss tbfe tbcorataofj fe`jc as rcijcotch ft tbc ojfhhae` aetcrifoc feh

    prlpf`ftcs fjle` tbc olrc dy mcfes li mujtapjc rcijcotales

    Hcpcehae` le tbc fe`jc ft wbaob at as cmattch dy tbchalhc* tbc ja`bt wajj tfgc f vfrafdjc fmluet li tamc tl

    prlpf`ftc fjle` tbc ofdjc

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    Lptaofj iadrc Xbcrcilrc tbc rcocavch sa`efj bfs f wahcr pujsc wahtb tbfetbc aeput sa`efj watb tbc hcorcfsc ae tbc mfxamum

    pcrmassadjc dat rftc Xbas ciicot as gelwe fs haspcrsale

    Haspcrsale ofe dc rchuoch dy usae` f olrc mftcrafj tbftbfs f vfrafdjc rcirfotavc aehcx

    Xbas typc li iadrc as gelwe fs tbc mujtamlhc `rfhchaehcx iadrc

    Ae tbas iadrc tbc ja`bt as rcirfotch dy fe aeorcfsae` fmluet

    fs at mlvcs fwfy irlm tbc olrc Xbas bfs tbc ciicot li efrrlwae` tbc pujsc wahtb li tbcrcocavch sa`efj olmpfrch tl tbc stcppch aehcx iadrc

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    Lptaofj iadrc

    Iurtbcr amprlvcmcet ofe dc ldtfaech dy rchuoae` tbcolrc hafmctcr tl tbft li f sae`jc wfvcjce`tb "?-6> m! sltbft fjj tbc cmattch ja`bt prlpf`ftcs fjle` f sae`jc pftb

    Bceoc tbc rcocavch sa`efj wajj dc li olmpfrfdjc wahtb tltbc aeput sa`efj feh as ofjjch tbc mlelmlhc iadrc

    Fjtcreftavcjy mujtapjc ba`b dat rftc trfesmassale obfeecjsofe dc hcravch irlm tbc sfmc iadrc dy usae` haiicrcet

    prlplrtales li tbc lptaofj dfehwahtb ilr cfob obfeecj

    Xbas mlhc li lpcrftale as gelwe fs wfvcjce`tb-havasale

    mujtapjcxae` "PHM! Ssae` tbas dat rftcs ae cxocss li tces li @dps ofe dcfobacvch

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    Xrfesmassale Mchaf Lptaofj iadrc

    trfesmassale mchaf

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    _ftcjjatcs

    Ae sftcjjatc systcms tbc hftf as trfesmattch usae`

    cjcotrlmf`ectao "rfhal! wfvcs tbrlu`b ircc spfoc F oljjamftch maorlwfvc dcfm* letl wbaob tbc hftf as

    mlhujftch* as trfesmattch tl tbc sftcjjatc irlm tbc `rlueh

    Xbas dcfm as rcocavch feh rctrfesmattch tl tbcprchctcrmaech hcstaeftales usae` fe le dlfrh oarouat

    gelwe fs f trfesplehcr

    F sae`jc sftcjjatc bfs mfey trfesplehcrs* cfob olvcrae` fpfrtaoujfr dfeh li ircquceoacs

    F typaofj sftcjjatc bfs f dfehwahtb li 3>>MBz feh ofe

    prlvahc mfey ba`b dat rftc hftf jaegs usae` XHM

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    _ftcjjatcs _ftcjjatcs frc wahcjy usch ilr hftf trfesmassalefppjaoftales rfe`ae` irlm aetcroleecotae` haiicrceteftalefj olmputcr olmmueaoftale ectwlrgs tl prlvahae`ba`b dat rftc pftbs tl jaeg olmmueaoftale ectwlrgs aehaiicrcet pfrts li tbc sfmc oluetry

    Ae hftf olmmueaoftale fppjaoftales* f mlrc olmmleoleia`urftale aevljvae` f ocetrfj bud`rlueh stftale tbftolmmueaoftcs watb f eumdcr li `rlueh stftales hastradutchfrlueh tbc oluetry as usch

    Cfob `rlueh stftale bfs f smfjj fetceef fssloaftch watb attypaofjjy 6 mctrc ae hafmctcr wbaob rcocavcs feh

    trfesmats sa`efjs

    Xypaofjjy tbc ocetrfj satc drlfhofsts tl fjj Y_Fts ft f datrftc li >%34 Mdps wbajc ae tbc rcvcrsc harcotale cfobY_FX trfesmats fs f jlwcr dat rftc li up tl 98 gdps

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    _ftcjjatcs Xl olmmueaoftc watb f pfrtaoujfr Y_FX "vcry smfjjfpcrturc tcrmaefj!* tbc ocetrfj satc drlfhofsts tbc mcssf`c

    watb tbc ahcetaty li tbc aetcehch Y_FX ft tbc bcfh li tbcmcssf`c

    Ae tbc ecxt `cecrftale li sftcjjatcs harcot Y_FX-tl-Y_FXolmmueaoftale as plssadjc

    h

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    Xrfesmassale Mchaf

    h jj h

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    Xrfesmassale Mchaf _ftcjjatc _ystcm; hftf

    olmmueaoftales

    T ha

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    Tfhal Tfhal trfesmassale usae` jlwcr-ircquceoy rfhal wfvcs asfjsl usch ilr tbc ha`atfj aeilrmftale trfesmassale ae pjfocli tbc iaxch-warc jaegs

    Cxfmpjc fppjaoftales aeojuhc mldajc tcjcpbley feh mlrc`cecrfj mldajc hftf fppjaoftales

    F rfhal trfesmattcr "dfsc stftale "D_!! as jloftch ft f

    iaxch-warc tcrmaeftale plaet Xbas prlvahcs f olrhjcss jaeg tl tbc iaxch-warc tcrmaeftale

    plaet ilr fey bfehsct,tcrmaefj tbft as watbae tbc "rfhal!iacjh li olvcrf`c li tbc dfsc stftale

    Mujtapjc dfsc stftales must dc usch ilr wahcr mldajcolvcrf`c

    Xbc olvcrf`c frcf li tbc D_ as rcstraotch bceoc wahcrolvcrf`c as fobacvch dy frrfe`ae` mujtapjc dfsc stftales aef ocjj struoturc

    X a a M ha

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    Xrfesmassale Mchaf

    Tfhal trfesmassale usae` f jlwcr-ircquceoy rfhal wfvcs as

    fjsl usch ilr tbc trfesmassale li ha`atfj aeilrmftale ae pjfoc

    li iaxch-warc jaegs lvcr hastfeocs up tl scvcrfj gajlmctcrs

    X a a M ha

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    Xrfesmassale Mchaf

    Pahcr olvcrf`c as fobacvch dy frrfe`ae` mujtapjc dfsc

    stftales ae f ocjj struoturc7 tbc sazc li cfob ocjj vfracs feh as

    hctcrmaech dy suob ifotlrs fs tbc bfehsct,tcrmaefj hcesaty

    feh jlofj tcrrfae

    T ha

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    Tfhal

    Cfob dfsc stftale lpcrftc usae` f haiicrcet dfeh li

    ircquceoacs irlm ats eca`bdlurs _aeoc tbc iacjh li olvcrf`c as jamatch at as plssadjctl usc ats ircquceoy dfeh ae ltbcr pfrts li tbcectwlrg

    Fjj dfsc stftale watbae f rc`ale frc oleecotch dyiaxch-warc jaecs usae` tbc mldajc swatobae` ocetrcs"M_Os!

    Xbas as oleecotch tl ltbcr M_Os ae ltbcr rc`alesfeh tl tbc iaxch tcjcpblec ectwlrg

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