Digital Fundamentals

Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

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FloydFloydDigital Fundamentals, 9/eDigital Fundamentals, 9/e

Digital FundamentalsDigital Fundamentals

CHAPTER 10CHAPTER 10

Memory and StorageMemory and Storage



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Basics of Semiconductor Memory Basics of Semiconductor Memory



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Basics of Semiconductor Memory Basics of Semiconductor Memory

• Units of binary dataUnits of binary data– BitBit– Nibble (4 bits)Nibble (4 bits)– Byte (8 bits)Byte (8 bits)



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Basics of Semiconductor MemoryBasics of Semiconductor Memory

• A single binary bit is stored in a memory A single binary bit is stored in a memory cellcell

• An organized group of cells is called a An organized group of cells is called a arrayarray



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• Memory cells are organized by columns Memory cells are organized by columns and rowsand rows

• A single unit of data occupies one row A single unit of data occupies one row and a number of columns of cellsand a number of columns of cells– 8 columns for a byte of data8 columns for a byte of data– 16 columns for a word of data16 columns for a word of data– 32 columns for 32-bit data32 columns for 32-bit data



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• The location of a unit of data is called The location of a unit of data is called the addressthe address

• The number of units that can be stored The number of units that can be stored in a memory is the memory’s capacityin a memory is the memory’s capacity



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Write to memoryWrite to memory

Read from memoryRead from memory



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Random-Access Memories (RAMs) Random-Access Memories (RAMs)



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Random-Access Memories (RAMs) Random-Access Memories (RAMs)



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Read-Only Memories (ROM) Read-Only Memories (ROM)



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Read-Only Memories (ROM) Read-Only Memories (ROM)



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Programmable ROMs (PROMs and EPROMs) Programmable ROMs (PROMs and EPROMs)



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Programmable ROMsProgrammable ROMs

• Programmable read-only memory Programmable read-only memory (PROM)(PROM)

• Erasable programmable read-only Erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM)memory (EPROM)



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Flash Memories Flash Memories



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Flash Memories Flash Memories

• High storage capacityHigh storage capacity

• NonvolatileNonvolatile

• In-system read and writeIn-system read and write

• Low power consumptionLow power consumption

• Relatively fast operationRelatively fast operation

• Cost effectiveCost effective



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Memory Expansion Memory Expansion



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Memory Expansion Memory Expansion

• Word-length expansionWord-length expansion

• Word-capacity expansionWord-capacity expansion



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Special Types of Memories Special Types of Memories



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Special Types of Memories Special Types of Memories

• First in-first out (FIFO)First in-first out (FIFO)

• Last in-first out (LIFO)Last in-first out (LIFO)



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Magnetic and Optical Storage Magnetic and Optical Storage



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Magnetic StorageMagnetic Storage

• Hard diskHard disk

• Floppy diskFloppy disk

• ZipZip™ drive™ drive

• TapeTape



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Optical StorageOptical Storage

• CD-ROMCD-ROM

• Write Once/Read Many (WORM)Write Once/Read Many (WORM)

• CD-RCD-R

• CD-RWCD-RW

• DVD-ROMDVD-ROM

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Digital Fundamentals

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