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Digital Inclusion in Laos
Phonpasit PHISSAMAY Director General
e-Government Center Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications
Lao PDR
Asia-Pacific Regional Forum on Universal Access and Service and Broadband Development 2015, Bangkok, Thailand.
About Laos • Area: 236.800 Km2
• Population: 6.7 Millions – Urban: 35% – Rural: 65%
• GDP : 1,600 USD
• Poverty: 23%
• Disability people: – 86,442 people (register) – 8% of households – 1.3% of total population – (But WHO estimate up to 8%)
Laos ICT facts • Telecom penetration: 80%
– Fix line penetration: 13% – Mobile penetration: 67%
• Internet penetration: 25% – Population of households with Internet: 6% – Mobile internet user (SIM-Net registration) : 19%
• PC penetration: 30% – Population of households with computer: 12%
IDI values compared with the global, regional and developing/developed-country averages, Asia and the
pacific, 2012
62
Chapter 2. The ICT Development Index (IDI)
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20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2011
2012
Pe
r 1
00
inh
ab
ita
nts
penetration and international Internet connectivity. Nonetheless, Bangladesh still remains at the bottom of the regional ranking and in 135th position globally. Mongolia,
on the other hand, moved up five places in the global IDI between 2011 and 2012, overtaking both Viet Nam and the Islamic Republic of Iran.
IDI World
Developing
Asia & Pacific
Developed
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Korea
(Rep.)
Hong Kong, C
hina
Austra
lia
Japan
Mac
ao, C
hina
Singa
pore
Brunei D
aruss
alam
Mal
aysia
Mal
dives
China
Fiji
New Z
ealan
d
Mongo
lia
Viet N
am
Iran (I
.R.)
Thaila
nd
Indonesia
Philippin
es
Tonga
Sri L
anka
Bhutan
Cambodia
India
Lao P.
D.R.
Solo
mon Is
lands
Pakist
an
Mya
nmar
Bangl
adesh
62
Chapter 2. The ICT Development Index (IDI)
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^ŽƵƌĐĞ͗��/dh͘
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2011
2012
Pe
r 1
00
in
ha
bit
an
ts
penetration and international Internet connectivity. Nonetheless, Bangladesh still remains at the bottom of the regional ranking and in 135th position globally. Mongolia,
on the other hand, moved up five places in the global IDI between 2011 and 2012, overtaking both Viet Nam and the Islamic Republic of Iran.
IDI
World
Developing
Asia & Pacific
Developed
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Kore
a (R
ep.)
Hon
g Ko
ng, C
hina
Aus
tralia
Japa
n
Mac
ao, C
hina
Sing
apor
e
Brun
ei D
arus
salam
Malay
sia
Maldive
s
China
Fiji
New
Zea
land
Mon
golia
Viet
Nam
Iran
(I.R
.)
Thailand
Indo
nesia
Philipp
ines
Tong
a
Sri L
anka
Bhut
an
Cam
bodia
India
Lao P.D.R
.
Solom
on Is
land
s
Pakistan
Mya
nmar
Bang
lade
sh
62
Chapter 2. The ICT Development Index (IDI)
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^ŽƵƌĐĞ͗��/dh͘
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2011
2012
Pe
r 1
00
in
ha
bit
an
ts
penetration and international Internet connectivity. Nonetheless, Bangladesh still remains at the bottom of the regional ranking and in 135th position globally. Mongolia,
on the other hand, moved up five places in the global IDI between 2011 and 2012, overtaking both Viet Nam and the Islamic Republic of Iran.
IDI
World
Developing
Asia & Pacific
Developed
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Kore
a (R
ep.)
Hon
g Ko
ng, C
hina
Aus
tralia
Japa
n
Mac
ao, C
hina
Sing
apor
e
Brun
ei D
arus
salam
Malay
sia
Maldive
s
China
Fiji
New
Zea
land
Mon
golia
Viet
Nam
Iran
(I.R
.)
Thailand
Indo
nesia
Philipp
ines
Tong
a
Sri L
anka
Bhut
an
Cam
bodia
India
Lao P.D.R
.
Solom
on Is
land
s
Pakistan
Mya
nmar
Bang
lade
sh
Index Value
2011 2012 2013
Global ranking
2011 2012 2013
IDI 1.84 1.99 2.10 120th 122nd 123rd
Access sub-index 2.18 2.36 2.53 124th 122nd 121st
Use sub-index 0.26 0.36 0.46 129th 129th 129th
Skills sub-index 4.35 4.50 4.50 121st 121st 121st
Infrastructure
• Network infrastructure – OFC: 61,373 Km – 2G: 7,000 BTS /10,000 BTS – 3G: 2,400 BTS /15,000 BTS – International Bandwidth: 2.5 Gbps
• Barrier
– 2/3 of country areas is mountain – Low population density in rural areas
Affordability • High price:
– International bandwidth: 100 USD/Mbps – Fix line Internet= 30 USD/Mb/Month – Mobile Internet: 0.04USD per 1 MB. – 0.10 USD/minute for prepaid – 0.04 USD/minute of post paid. – 30% tax on ICT equipment
• People expense – 27% of average households income – Low people purchase power (11% of
total householders)
Local content • Website:
– Website in Lao language: 1,000 – Only 20% of government office have website – 30 e-Content provider (newspaper and magazine)
• Barrier:
– Lack of Lao language support in most of ICT system – Lack of content creator
To ensure that broadband services are accessible nationwide
• Telecommunication development fund (Chapter VII of Telecommunication law 2011) :
– government budget – Foreign aid – Individual contribution – Some portion of penalty related to Telecommunication activities – Some portion of telecommunication activities and resource.
• In 2013: MPT assigned some number and location of the rural villages to each operator as obligation to provide the connectivity and also for those want to replace 4G into 2 G spectrum 1800 Band.
• Satellite Project (Started in 2012 and expected to send the satellite into the 128.5 E in November 2015)
• Consolidate the passive infrastructure (such as sharing tower), which MPT has assigned Malaysian company to conduct the FS and expected to see the report on April 2015.
To ensure the backbone is accessible and cost-effective
• National Internet gateway project (2008)
• National
Telecommunication transmission Network project (2011)
To ensure that broadband services are affordable to everyone
• MPT is under restructure the spectrum fees: Such as capacity
band and coverage band.
• Tax incentive for operator and user in rural areas, which are now under consideration of the custom and tax department.
• As recommended by ITU expert: MPT will introduce an obligation on relevant licensees to offer a defined entry-level broadband product at a specified retail price that is widely affordable while still being profitable
(Need to elaborate and make clear understanding to the authority. Also need to identify the strategy for the
implementation)
To ensure that everyone has some ICT knowledge
• E-Education project has established Computer Lab in 50 schools and provided free Internet access to more than 500 schools:
• Lao localization project • Rural community
Telecenter project: • IDRC: 1 Center • ADB: 5 Center • India: 10: Center • Japan: 2 Center • MPT : 2 Center
To ensure that broadband services are useful and widely used
• E-Government project • Government cross- sectoral information sharing Project • E-Health Project • Development some application for disability people
• Computer for handicap school
• Text To Speech project
Ø E-Portal Ø E-Applications (e-document, e-Archive,
e-Registration, e-Staff Ø Domain Name (gov.la)
Ø Computer network Ø Video Conference Ø E-Mail Ø Web Hosting
Ø E-Service Ø Consultant, assistant Ø Trend of E-Government Development Ø Cloud computing Ø Multimedia
Service of e-Government center
TTS project • PAN Location project supported by
IDRC of Canada. NECTEC Thailand has help the Lao research to design the solution and technology for Lao TTS system.
• US Embassy in Laos has granted
20,000 USD to the Laos Blind Association to collect the text and record the voice of 5,000 sentences.
• MPT has proposed project on ICT
application for disability people to ITU, especially to complete the development of Lao TTS system. ITU has informed that US-AID wish to support for enhance the project