UNESCO UNESCO Digital Kids Asia-Pacific Report Launch May 10, 2019
Insights into Children’s Digital Citizenship
Digital Kids Asia-Pacific:
10 May 2019 UNESCO Asia and Pacific Regional Bureau for Education ([email protected])
mailto:[email protected]
UNESCO UNESCO Digital Kids Asia-Pacific Report Launch May 10, 2019
Acknowledgement
In partnership with:
Supported by:
UNESCO UNESCO Digital Kids Asia-Pacific Report Launch May 10, 2019
OUTLINE
2. Overall Findings and Factors
3. Domain Specific Findings
4. Policy Recommendations & Ways Forward
1. Introduction
UNESCO UNESCO Digital Kids Asia-Pacific Report Launch May 10, 2019
Introduction
1.
UNESCO UNESCO Digital Kids Asia-Pacific Report Launch May 10, 2019
Why DKAP: Gaps in digital citizenship
• Lack of research and baseline data in the Asia-Pacific region to understand children’s capabilities and behaviours in the digital environment;
• Limited definitions of digital competencies, focusing on basic digital literacy;
• Dominance of the risk and safety paradigms (and neglect of other key aspects, such as empowering them to effectively participate, create and advance digital opportunities) 4
UNESCO UNESCO Digital Kids Asia-Pacific Report Launch May 10, 2019
Five domains to measure
Opp
ortu
nitie
s Risks
Digital Literacy
Digital Safety & Resilience
Digital Participation & Agency
Digital Emotional Intelligence
Digital Creativity & Innovation
7
UNESCO UNESCO Digital Kids Asia-Pacific Report Launch May 10, 2019
1. To provide member states with a regional framework and tools to measure digital citizenship competencies among children
2. Data collection (May – Oct 2018)• 104-question self-assessment• Targets 15 years old students in 4
countries • 5,129 responses (min. 1,000 from
each country with gender/geographic balance)
Study
5
UNESCO UNESCO Digital Kids Asia-Pacific Report Launch May 10, 2019
Regional Context: ICT Development
Source: Measuring Information Society Report 2017, ITU.
6
UNESCO UNESCO Digital Kids Asia-Pacific Report Launch May 10, 2019
Overall Findings and Factors (affecting student performance)
2.
UNESCO UNESCO Digital Kids Asia-Pacific Report Launch May 10, 2019
Overall Digital Citizenship Competencies
2.4
2.6
2.8
3
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
4
DL DSR DPA DEI CI
M
Bangladesh Fiji Korea Vietnam 8
Highest in Digital Resilience and Safety
Lowest in Digital Creation and Innovation
UNESCO UNESCO Digital Kids Asia-Pacific Report Launch May 10, 2019
Country profiles
9
Highest
Highest
Highest
Lowest Lowest
LowestLowest
Highest
3.35
UNESCO UNESCO Digital Kids Asia-Pacific Report Launch May 10, 2019
Digital Literacy Digital Safety & Resilience
Digital Participation & Agency
Digital Emotional
Intelligence
Digital Creativity & Innovation
Bangladesh
Fiji No difference No difference
South Korea No difference
Viet Nam No difference No difference No difference
Does gender matter?
Finding:With exception to some cases in Fiji and Viet Nam, girls perform better than boys across all five digital citizenship domains.
* Level of statistical significance; ***p
UNESCO UNESCO Digital Kids Asia-Pacific Report Launch May 10, 2019
Digital Literacy Digital Safety & Resilience
Digital Participation
& Agency
Digital Emotional
Intelligence
Digital Creativity & Innovation
Bangladesh No difference No difference No difference No difference
Fiji No difference
South Korea
Viet Nam No difference No difference
Urban vs. Rural
12
Finding:With exception to one case in Fiji, kids in the urban area perform better than the kids in rural area across all five digital citizenship domains.
*
***
**
**
**
**
***
***
***
***
***
***
UNESCO UNESCO Digital Kids Asia-Pacific Report Launch May 10, 2019
Digital divides persist and it matters
How long have you been using digital devices? (laptops/desktops, smartphones, tablet PCs, etc.)
Finding:• Significant digital divides• Access at home and
schools is significantly associated with higher performance in all five domains.
10 8 1 1
3124
2 6
31
22
2
17
20
22
14
32
824
81
44
BANGLADESH FIJI KOREA VIETNAM
Never Less than 1 year 1-2 years
3-4 years More than 5 years (%)
13
UNESCO UNESCO Digital Kids Asia-Pacific Report Launch May 10, 2019
Screen time – is it all bad?
How often do you use digital devices?
Findings:• 8% of Korea and Vietnam
respondents spend more than 7 hrs a day on digital devices. (23% 5hrs and more)
• Yet, the longer duration of use is positively associated with higher performance in Digital Creativity and Innovation. 23 19
3 2
3125
5 5
35
29
29 31
8
14
41 39
27
14 15
1 6 8 8
BANGLADESH FIJ I KOREA VIETNAM
Hardly ever Less than an hour 1-2 hour
3-4 hours 5-6 hours 7 hours or more
(%)
14
UNESCO UNESCO Digital Kids Asia-Pacific Report Launch May 10, 2019
Who taught you most about how to use computers?
46.3
12.2
23.5
13.9
2.5 1.6
26.3
16.1
22.9
31.3
0.8 2.77.6
10.7
19.6
59.3
0.4 2.3
29.5
10.5 12.3
46.9
0.2 0.60
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
My teachers My friends My family I learned myself My localcommunity
Others
Bangladesh Fiji Korea Vietnam
Finding:Self-learned students show higher levels of performances than those who learn from others.
15
(%)
UNESCO UNESCO Digital Kids Asia-Pacific Report Launch May 10, 2019
Who plays the biggest role in guiding children to use Internet safely?
81% 80% 77%
51%
91%
67%
48%
62%
81%
66%
46%
70%
84%
65%
53%
69%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Bangladesh Fiji Republic of Korea Viet Nam
Parents Teachers Siblings Peers
UNESCO UNESCO Digital Kids Asia-Pacific Report Launch May 10, 2019
Have you ever learned basic coding skills at school?
Findings:Positively contributes to: • Digital Literacy• Digital Participation and
Agency • Digital Creativity and
Innovation
24.8
39.3 33.7 41.8
75.2
60.766.2
58
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Bangladesh Fiji Korea Vietnam
No
Yes
Yes
16
No
UNESCO UNESCO Digital Kids Asia-Pacific Report Launch May 10, 2019
Domain Specific Findings • Digital Literacy• Digital Safety and Resilience• Digital Participation and Agency• Digital Emotional Intelligence• Digital Creativity and Innovation
3.
UNESCO UNESCO Digital Kids Asia-Pacific Report Launch May 10, 2019
3.013.14
3.31
3.1
2.5
3
3.5
4
Bangladesh Fiji Korea Viet Nam
1. Digital Literacy
Finding:The domain with the widest disparity between countries
Top 3 factors:• Prior experience in using
devices (duration)• Number of digital devices
accessible to students at home
• Previous experience in developing a website or app
18
Digital Literacy
UNESCO UNESCO Digital Kids Asia-Pacific Report Launch May 10, 2019
3.333.45
3.53
3.35
2.5
3
3.5
4
Bangladesh Fiji Korea Viet Nam
Digital Safety and Resilience
2. Digital Safety and Resilience
Findings:1. The domain with the
highest performance of all students
2. Negative effect with the amount of time spent online
Top 3 factors:• Prior experience in using
devices (duration)• Number of devices
accessible at home• Education level of parents
19
UNESCO UNESCO Digital Kids Asia-Pacific Report Launch May 10, 2019
3. Digital Participation and Agency
Finding:The domain with homogeneous low performance level of all students
Top 3 factors:• Prior experience in
developing a web or app • Prior experiences in using
devices• Number of devices
accessible at home
3.02 3.04 2.98 3
2.5
3
3.5
4
Bangladesh Fiji Korea Viet Nam
Digital Participation and Agency
20
UNESCO UNESCO Digital Kids Asia-Pacific Report Launch May 10, 2019
4. Digital Emotional Intelligence
Finding:Second widest disparity between countries
Top 3 factors:• Having access to devices at
home • Prior experience in
developing a web or app • Education level of parents
3.063.18 3.22
2.96
2.5
3
3.5
4
Bangladesh Fiji Korea Viet Nam
Digital Emotional Intelligence
21
UNESCO UNESCO Digital Kids Asia-Pacific Report Launch May 10, 2019
2.62.72 2.76 2.74
2.5
3
3.5
4
Bangladesh Fiji Korea Viet Nam
Digital Creativity and Innovation
5. Digital Creativity and Innovation
Findings:1. Remarkably low
performance across the countries
2. Also, biggest standard deviations within countries
Top 3 factors:• # of hours of using digital
devices a day• Prior learning experiences
in coding• Prior experiences in
developing a website or app
22
UNESCO UNESCO Digital Kids Asia-Pacific Report Launch May 10, 2019
Policy Recommendations and Ways Forward
4.
UNESCO UNESCO Digital Kids Asia-Pacific Report Launch May 10, 2019
Policy recommendations
1. Expand the scope of digital skills to prepare holistic digital citizenship (beyond basic literacy and safety)
2. Encourage research that reflect children’s voice in educational policy and intervention
3. Build support systems with parents, teachers, peers and siblings4. Embrace positive sides of screen time, but with caution5. Make a coordinated effort to close digital divides6. Empower girls – let’s help them match their competence with
social/cultural confidence. 7. Develop inter-sectoral partnerships to address identified challenges
24
UNESCO UNESCO Digital Kids Asia-Pacific Report Launch May 10, 201927
https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-47825826
“the screen time is not the main driver of mental issues” but what they see can have an enormous impact.
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/24/well/mind/putting-down-your-phone-may-help-you-live-longer.html
https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-47825826https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/24/well/mind/putting-down-your-phone-may-help-you-live-longer.html
UNESCO UNESCO Digital Kids Asia-Pacific Report Launch May 10, 201928
“Among those teenagers who were the lightest users, it was found that increasing the time spent using technology was linked to improved wellbeing - possibly because it was important for keeping up friendships.
In contrast, among the heaviest users of technology, any increase in time was linked to lower levels of wellbeing.”
https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-42907037
https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-42907037
UNESCO UNESCO Digital Kids Asia-Pacific Report Launch May 10, 2019
Ways forward
1. More research in this area is needed. 2. Effective strategy to communicate the findings3. Expanding and scaling up: DKAP Champions
(Session 3)
25
SubjectUNESCO
Insight into Children’s Digital Citizenship
Digital Kids Asia-Pacific
Thank You.ICT in Education ([email protected]) UNESCO Asia Pacific Regional Bureau for Education (http://bangkok.unesco.org/theme/ict-education)
mailto:[email protected]://bangkok.unesco.org/theme/ict-education
Digital Kids Asia-Pacific: �AcknowledgementSlide Number 3Slide Number 4Why DKAP: Gaps in digital citizenshipFive domains to measureStudyRegional Context: ICT Development Slide Number 9Overall Digital Citizenship Competencies Country profiles Does gender matter?Urban vs. RuralDigital divides persist and it matters Screen time – is it all bad?Who taught you most about how to use computers?Who plays the biggest role in guiding children to use Internet safely? Have you ever learned basic coding skills at school? Slide Number 191. Digital Literacy2. Digital Safety and Resilience 3. Digital Participation and Agency 4. Digital Emotional Intelligence 5. Digital Creativity and Innovation Slide Number 25Policy recommendations Slide Number 27Slide Number 28Ways forwardSlide Number 30