Digital Mobile Radio - Radio Activity Srl DMR.pdf · Digital Mobile Radio ... The up-link has 5 to...

Digital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile RadioDigital Mobile Radio

Via Ponte Nuovo, 8 - 20128 Milano — Italy

Tel. +39.02.36514205 - FAX/Voicebox +39.1782242408

[email protected] - www.radioactivity-tlc.com


DMR: an open ETSI standardDMR: an open ETSI standard

∞ DMR standard (ETSI TS 102 361) has been definedin ETSI environment, by a working group composed bymain PMR equipment manifacturers worldwide.

∞ Digital Mobile Radio is able to give “added value” tocurrent analog systems and at the same time it grants a gradual migration between the two technologies, safeguarding investiments and specific existingoperational requirements.

ETSI STDETSI STDETSI STD


The The digitaldigital radioradio

Data signals are directly

transmitted and otherwise“marked” by audio signals


The radioThe radioThe radio

A/D

data

audio

Vocoder

Syncprotocol

DigitalTX

CH1

CH2

CH1

CH2

CH1

CH2

CH1

CH2

Tempo

I/O data

Digitizedaudio

Compressed audio

Audio signal is is converted to

digital format, compressed and then "packed" in the digital

transmission channel

The digital transmitter is activatedduring the timeslots allocated to

the working channel


TwoTwo TDMA TDMA channelschannels in 12,5 kHz in 12,5 kHz bandwidthbandwidth

CH1

CH2

CH1

CH2

CH1

CH2

CH1

CH2

Group 1 Group 2

Time

CH2

Frequency

CH1

7.5KHz

CH4

CH3

7.5KHz

12.5KHz

Audio/data channels are managed by two timeslots sequences,

working in TDMA mode (Time Division Multiple Access), sharing

the same radio channel with 12,5KHz bandwidth.

The two audio/data channel are

perfectly separated and indipendenteach other, as if they were operating

in a conventional manner on different frequency carriers.


2 CH TDMA2 CH TDMA2 CH TDMA


Two contemporaryand indipendent

communications on the same frequency

carrier

30ms


CH2

Frequency

CH1

7.5KHz

CH3

7.5KHz

12.5KHzDMR system can coexist with

conventional analogical systems on adjacent channels, without any

performance loss of each of systems.

Spectral efficiency of DMR system

is 1CH/6.25 KHz, the same as TETRA and double compared to

conventional systems.

Note: DMR system allows direct communication between mobile

terminals. In this case only 1 channel in 12.5KHz is available because the repeater/network synchronization is missing.




Two TDMA channels in 12,5 kHz bandwidthTwo TDMA channels in 12,5 kHz bandwidth


Just one radio device (only 1 TX) provides 2 channels without any RF coupling system, this giving:

∞Lower plant costs

∞Lower consumption∞Greater available power

TX CH1

TX CH2+

TX CH1+CH2

2 conventional channels

2 DMR channels




Group 1

Group 2

Group 2Group 1

freq 2

freq 1

TS 1 TS 2

Samefrequency

∞ The mobile terminals are

active only for the 50% of time => longer battery life

∞ No intermodulation problems

TwoTwo TDMA TDMA channelschannels in 12,5 kHz in 12,5 kHz bandwidthbandwidth


DigitalDigital modulationmodulation

Impulse shape vs. time

∞ The employed digital modulation is 4FSK (Four-level Frequency Shift Key), the best for PMR communications.∞ Information bits are transmitted in pairs, each pair assigned toa frequency shift.∞ Transitions between a status and the following one (that is between a pair of bits and the following) are continue and “smoothed” by a filter which reduces high frequency components.∞ The shape filter is a “Raised Cosine” function.

4FSK4FSK4FSK

Frequency

Central frequency(not transmitted)

00 01

+1,944 kHz

+0,648 kHz

1011

-1,944 kHz

4FSK

4− 2− 0 2 40.5−

0

0.5

1

1.5

1.096

0.216−

ggk

sinx_xxk

3.8754−ttk

1

T.s

⋅




7K60FXE


ConstantConstant envelopeenvelope modulationmodulation

Time

∞ Frequency modulation has constant envelope (unlike the TETRA wich do not have a constant envelope)∞ Transmitters are very similar to their traditional analogical version, because expensive linearization techniques are not needed: they can work in saturation (clipping) mode (C class o superior)with very low consumption => solar panels can be used∞ Modulator must have a flat band between 0 and 5KHz

RF signal

Tempo

FM modulating signal

FM modulator“flat” 0-5KHz

4FSK4FSK4FSK




Modulator is transparent

for audio signals and digital signals


Uplink Uplink –– downlink RF budgetdownlink RF budget

4FSK4FSK4FSK




Industrial noise

Base station

About 3..+10 dB sensitivity decrease

Radiated Power+30..+37 dBm

Radiated Power+40..+43 dBm

The up-link has 5 to 15 dB less budget than the down-link: the mobiles have more difficult into the network access

Strong signals from broadcast/GSM stations

The diversity reception can increase the uplink RF budget


Soft diversity receptionSoft diversity reception

4FSK4FSK4FSK




I

Q

A1

A2

Vectorial sum

I

Q

A1

A2

Vectorial digitalri-phased sum

The two received vector signals can be combined by an antenna to obtain the vectorial sum.

By digital ri-phasing, it is possible to achieve the modulus sum of the two vectors.

The mean (statistic) gain over the noise is 3 dB, it produces a benefit of lowering 10 times the B.E.R.


Soft diversity receptionSoft diversity reception

4FSK4FSK4FSK




Soft diversity dramatically decreases the B.E.R. during fading events

Vectorial sum=null

Vectorial sum≠null

Reflected rays

Direct rays

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Main antenna Diversity antenna

Time

Field

Bursts potentially missed


Radio Radio coveragecoverage

∞ The RF power level transmitted by a DMR system is the same as the one of a traditional analogical system (constant envelope)∞ The DMR receiver sensitivity is about the same as the one of a traditional analogical system∞ The Audio quality is constant up to the sensitivity field level∞ The coverage is slightly higher than analogical systems with 12.5KHz channeling4FSK4FSK4FSK




SystemSystemSystem

RF field / distance

Quality

AnalogicalDMR

Minimum acceptablequality

Area of greaterbenefit of DMRAn

alogical

DMR


Analogical / digital transitionAnalogical / digital transition

Mobile terminal audio compatibility∞ Digital mobile radio terminals can work in traditional analogical way also∞ Mobile analogical terminals (if not provided with TCS in reception) will hear any disturbs in presence of digital signals∞ Radio Network can automatically recognize the two modulations (analogical / digital) and repeats them with the correct format4FSK4FSK4FSK




SystemSystemSystem

Digital audio∞ Digital audio (Vocoder) is different from analogical one, the quality is good up to the sensitivity limits, no noise can be heard (like SQ turning off), eventual lost voice packets are replaced with like-audio tracks.∞ Vocoder is not able to play music or tone signaling.∞ Vocoder is NOT an ETSI standard. Motorola uses AMBE+2TM


Direct mode operation on output repeater freq.Direct mode operation on output repeater freq.

4FSK4FSK4FSK




SystemSystemSystem

Direct mode or CH1

from repeater

Repeater

communications

(CH1)

Dispatcher center

CH1 and/or CH2

Repeater

communications

(CH2)

Direct mode

(CH1+CH2)

No separation

Direct mode or CH2

from repeater

CH1 CH2 CH1 CH2

∞ In direct mode the communications coming from repeater are listen if the CH (timeslot) is the same∞ The direct mode communications are always listen (timeslot independent)∞ One channel (timeslot) only is available in direct mode


Selective compatibility between mobile terminals∞ Mobile digital radio terminals (Motorola) can be provided of selective analogical encoder-decoder card∞ Selective calling are digitally addressable between DMR equipments and analogically between traditional equipments∞ In DMR systems individual and group calling are available

4FSK4FSK4FSK




SystemSystemSystem Sub-audio tone∞ Network access of DMR mobile terminals is managed by a “color code” instead of traditional su-audio tone∞ 16 “color code” are available

Network operability∞ Mobile DMR terminals can work in “open channel” mode, like traditional systems for emergency

Analogical / digital transitionAnalogical / digital transition


Over conventional analogical systems∞ Two contemporary communications over 12.5KHz bandwidth∞ European open standard∞ Lower minister frequency license costs per channel∞ Increase spectral efficiency∞ Fast and reliable data communications∞ Smooth migration from analogical systems∞ Communication security with various level of encryptions∞ Powerful features (ID on PTT, emergency call, text messages, ..)

4FSK4FSK4FSK




SystemSystemSystem

Over TETRA systems∞ Very low infrastructure costs∞ More coverage area∞ Easy to manage and maintain∞ Very low power consumption (solar panel compatible)∞ Low cost TCP/IP or UHF links between the base stations∞ Same spectral efficiency and same main features∞ Available in all PMR bands (70 MHz, 160 MHz, 450 MHz)

Advantages of DMR solutionAdvantages of DMR solution


4FSK4FSK4FSK




SystemSystemSystem

DMR Operative CenterDMR Operative Center

LAN

LAN

Communications SERVER

Operator desksCLIENT

Applications:∞Traffic monitoring∞Communications digital recorder∞Selective/group calls∞Text messaging∞Remote control∞Position maps∞…

PSTN

:

ON

Vo ut

Vin_OKVin_KO

Out3

I n4

Out4

I n3

Out2

I n2

:

Out1

I n1

Out3

In4

Out4

In3

Out2

In2

:

Out1

In1

:

Out3

In4

Out4

In3

Out2

In2

:

Out1

In1

Ou t3

In4

Ou t4

In3

Ou t2

In2

:

Ou t1

In1

Telephone interface

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DMR repeater/master of network

Full link and communication information


DigitalDigital radio radio systemssystems comparisoncomparison

4FSK4FSK4FSK




SystemSystemSystem

ComparisonComparisonComparison

DMR TETRA P25 T.POL P25 ph2

Dual-standard

an. / digitalyes no yes no no

Spectral eff. 6.25 KHz/ch 6.25 KHz/ch 12.5 KHz/ch 10 KHz/ch 6.25 KHz/ch

Consumption 100 300 100 120 100

Analog. Sys.

coexistenceyes no yes yes no

Cost 100 300 200 250 ?

Covered area 100 70 100 120 100

Standard ETSI ETSI USA ETSI =

Simulcast yes no yes yes ?

Trunking expected yes yes yes ?

applicationsLow traffic

density

High traffic

density

Low traffic

density

Low traffic

density

Low traffic

density

Year 2007 1998 2005 1993 2009?

Purely indicative values


DigitalDigital radio radio systemssystems comparisoncomparison

4FSK4FSK4FSK




SystemSystemSystem


frequency

Analogical DMR Analogical

12.5KHz12.5KHz

frequency

Analogical P25-2 Analogical

12.5KHz12.5KHz

40dB

60dB

6.25KHz channelling needs:∞ A safeguard channel between analogical and digital services∞ Adjacent channel use only on well separated areas


Radio Activity base station featuresRadio Activity base station features

4FSK4FSK4FSK




SystemSystemSystem


Unique or more interesting Radio Activity features∞ True 2 channels contemporary DMR communications

∞ Dual mode DMR/Analogical∞ Diversity receiver

∞ Ethernet port with full traffic available (DMR audio and data) for Operative Center applications

∞ Extra low ETH bandwidth (64kb/s) required to connect base stations∞ Software remote upgradability

∞ Easy upgradability from single repeater to simulcast network∞ Built-in digital and analogical voting systems

∞ A lot of timing/synchronism mode available for simulcast applications∞ Powerful internal GSM/GPRS/TCP-IP/DMR based remote control

∞ Automatic mailing of internal status/diagnostics to DMR terminals ∞ Multi-key encryption

∞ Up to 64 user defined masks of ID access∞ Cross coding ZVEI/CCIR to DMR signaling

∞ Modular design∞ Very low power consumption (typ. 8 W @stby)

∞ Compact size (1/2 rack 19” 3UT)∞ Internal duplexer


Simulcast network conceptSimulcast network concept

4FSK4FSK4FSK

ETSI STD ETSI STD ETSI STD



SystemSystemSystem

RA simulcastRA RA simulcastsimulcast


Direct mode

Repeater

communications

1 CH simulcast mobile radio network

Dispatcher center

∞ The same RF channel over whole coverage area � no channels change

through different repeaters, frequency saving∞ No scanning required on terminals � fast and efficient data and audio

communications, lower power consumption on terminals∞ Equivalent to a “big cell” single repeater � no registration required

∞ Automatic roaming and hand-over � Easy to use, fast set-up call∞ Direct mode on repeater output frequency � local communications

plus network communications monitoring


Radio Activity DMR Radio Activity DMR simulcastsimulcast networknetwork

4FSK4FSK4FSK




SystemSystemSystem


Transportnetwork

MOperative

Center

Iso-frequency radio channel

Coverage area


All transmitters send the same information signals on the same carrier frequency at the same time


Radio Activity DMR Radio Activity DMR simulcastsimulcast networknetwork

Transportation network with star geometry made by:∞ Point-to-point UHF link (DMR)∞ Generical TCP/IP network∞ Copper twisted pairs (with IP modem)∞ Mixed UHF/TCP-IP

Transport network

M4FSK4FSK4FSK




SystemSystemSystem




DMR TCPDMR TCP--IP IP simulcastsimulcast networknetwork

4FSK4FSK4FSK




SystemSystemSystem



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p.p.s. p.p.s.

IP

DMR+VoIP

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4Wire

For timing

and sync

recovery

GPS

unavailable

∞ Low cost TCP/IP connections

∞ Synchronization via GPS and/or 4Wire+E&M∞ Automatic repeater mode on IP failure

∞ Up to 32 base stations per master/submaster∞ 2 TDMA simultaneus channels in 1 RF frequency

Frequency 1

CH1+CH2 (TDMA)


DMR DMR RFRF--linkedlinked simulcastsimulcast networknetwork

4FSK4FSK4FSK




SystemSystemSystem



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UHF links

Master

Slave Slave

Frequency 1CH1+CH2 (TDMA)

∞ No GPS needed∞ DMR UHF rugged long distance connections

∞ 2 TDMA independent channels in 1 RF frequency∞ Up to 10 UHF slaves per master/submaster

UHF point-to –multipoint link1 frequency from MST to SLV

N frequencies from SLVs to MST

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UHF links

Slave

Sub-Master


DMR mixed DMR mixed simulcastsimulcast networknetwork

4FSK4FSK4FSK




SystemSystemSystem



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UHF links

UHF links

Master

Slave

Slave

Sub-Master

Frequency 1CH1+CH2 (TDMA)

UHF point-to –multipoint link1 frequency from MST to SLV

N frequencies from SLVs to MST

IP

DMR+VoIP

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:

ON

PSM

Vout

Vin_OK

Vin_KO

:

TCS

PPSEEP

SYNC

DSP

RX

TX

UNLK

MTCH

:

PWR RF HIGH

PWR RF LOW

PWR FAIL

ROS FA IL

TX

�

MUTE

SEL.

:

RADIO

LINE

POL DEVICE CHANNEL

:RX

UNLK 1

UNLK 2BUSY D

BUSY N

:

ON

PSM

Vout

V in_OK

V in_KO

:

TCS

PPSEEP

SYNC

DSP

RX

TX

UNLK

MTCH

:

PWR RF HIGH

PWR RF LOW

PWR FAIL

ROS FAIL

TX

Slave IP

Slave IP

Operative

Center

Date post:	06-Feb-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	phungkhue
View:	213 times
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Digital Mobile Radio - Radio Activity Srl DMR.pdf · Digital Mobile Radio ... The up-link has 5 to...

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