Digital Preservation

NCDDP - New Delhi December 11-12, 20081

NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR THE PRESERVATION NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR THE PRESERVATION OF DIGITAL RESOURCES : CASE STUDIES & A OF DIGITAL RESOURCES : CASE STUDIES & A PROPOSALPROPOSAL

Smita ChandraEmail : [email protected]

Dr. Vivek PatkarIndependent Researcher,Mumbai.Email : [email protected]


Outline of Presentation

Importance and need for digital preservation

Stakeholders of preservation and their role

Strategies and approaches to digital preservation

Web archiving strategies

Metadata preservation, implementation and OAIS

IPR and copyrights

International initiatives

Indian scenario

A proposal relevant to Geomagnetism and in general

Conclusion


Importance of Digital Preservation

1975 – Two Viking space probes sent to Mars by USA.

Data generated by unrepeatable mission cost $1 billion.

Recorded data on magnetic tapes was corrupted / unidentifiable after 2 decades despite being kept in climate controlled environment.

Scientists could not access data, unable to decode the formats used.


Importance of Digital Preservation

Original format developers not alive.

Finally old printouts tracked and retyped.

NASA therefore is biggest supporters of Digital Projects.

This illustrates wide gap in information generation and its management.


Need for Digital Preservation

Huge scientific data 259 MB/person/yr. is being generated (having economic value).

90% is stored digitally.

This provides huge opportunities for long term digital preservation.

Initiatives for long term preservation needed with common goal, centrally funded activities with partnership and collaboration.


Stakeholders of Preservation

Libraries

Archives

Museums

Scientific Institution


Role of Libraries / Archives in Preservation activities

Maintaining digital material for long term

Conservation : Treatment for stability

Restoration (Bring back document to its original state)


Strategies for Preservation

Technical Preservation (hardware / software of object)

Technology Emulation (Mimic original environment using latest software)

Data Migration (Transfer digital materials from one format to current one).


Two Main Digital Preservation Approaches

Preservation through digitization (for greater security / saving space / producing multiple copies).

Born digital – (Convert information form from Analog to Digital).

Digitization costly but necessary for human progress.

Appropriate action by individuals / organization needed.


Technical Approaches to Archiving

Open Archival Information System (OAIS)

Published by consultative committee for space data system (CCSDS) 2002

ISO 14721 : 2003 standard

An archive consists of organization of people and systems with responsibility to preserve information and make it available to users.


Technical Approaches to Archiving

Three key players of OAIS model in archiving are :

OAIS MODEL

Creator Archive Operator

Designated user

community


Creator : Some of players are

Authors

Copyright owners

Professional societies

Publishers

Distributors

With so many players rights of ownership and responsibility to provide content to archive needs to be addressed.


Archive Operator

Collection policy needs attention (Based on topic / subject / user community addressed)

Boundary of archiving activity needs to be defined.

E.g.

National library of New Zealand collects electronic material using PUSH / PULL Business Process & online publication with purview copyright and community licensing agreements.


Users

Archiving should consider needs of specified user community.

Changing needs of user community

Change of users with time

Issue of access to archive, domain of material (Private vs. Public) needs to be addressed specifically.

Responsive and automated access control system required to facilitate use and save archive to problems arising out of user and third partly interaction.


Tools for quality of Digital Objects

Preservation Web Services Architecture for New Media and Interactive Collections (PANIC), Australia

Preserving Access to Digital Information (PADI), the National Library of Australia

PRONOM Project, National Archives, UK

Preservation and Long-Term Access via Networked Services (PLANETS), European Union


Web Archiving

Started in 1996 to tap wealth of information on web before they vanish.

Special software products i.e. web crawlers / spiders employed.

They have limitations like non-coverage of some hidden content, unable to interpret certain codes for links and long time to retrieve archived web pages.


Strategies for Web Archiving

Making a local copy of the files of a web site and navigating through this copy

Running a web server to make accessible the contents to the user

Reorganizing documents in a non-web manner

Examples: - Minerva, U.S. Library of Congress - Way Back Machine, Internet Archive, USA


Metadata and Digital Preservation

Creation and maintenance of metadata required for long term preservation of digital information.

Within Archive

Metadata (maintained / migrated format to format & standard to standard independent of objects it describes).

Refers each digital object and provides

Descriptive Structural Administrative Rights Management Other information


Metadata and Digital Preservation

Metadata preservation is popular area of research in last decade.

Research Library Group (RLG) at NLA has developed model to identify entities that supports its PANDORA (Preserving & Accessing Networked Documentary Resources of Australia) to support archive concept.


OAIS Model and MetadataOAIS Model and Metadata

Source: Day, M.,


OAIS and Metadata Implementation

NEDLIB Project National Library of Netherlands

DSEP (Deposit System for Electronic Publication)

CURL (Consortium of Univ. Res. Libraries of Cambridge, Leeds & Oxford).

PREMIS (Preservation Metadata : Implementation Strategies Working Group) sponsored by OCLC / RLG.


IIPC (International Internet Preservation Consortium) developed archival metadata scheme)

PID (Persistent identifier) assigns unique name to a digital object that points to bibliographic record.

URN (Uniform Resource Name) refers to identifiers.

OAIS and Metadata Implementation


IPR & Copyright

Different countries are addressing issues are IPR and copyright with respect to digital preservation.

National Libraries responsible for archiving national domain.

Examples : Library of Congress : best practices for digital preservation Koninklyke Bibliotheek (KB), the National Library of The Netherlands :

individual, collective and the ‘opt-out’ approach to archiving scholarly journals

UK, Legal Deposit Libraries Act 2000 LOCKSS


Data Archiving

“...is primarily a program of practices and procedures that support the collection, long-term preservation and low-cost access to & dissemination of scientific and technical data…”

Some Initiatives: International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU)/CODATA

Group on Data and Information World Meteorological Organization (WMO) World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Creative Commons

- The Research Index - Public Commons Project


International Initiatives

USA

The National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program (NDIIPP) by the Library of Congress with research focus on:

(i) Technical infrastructure and building a preservation layer(ii) Building core capacity and organizational issues(iii) Long-term research program



UK The Continuing Access and Digital Preservation Strategy of the Joint

Information Systems Committee (JISC) withMain objectives: Establish best practice and guidelines Generate support and collaborative funding Develop a long-term strategyAreas covered: Collecting and preserving the World Wide Web Legal issues related to internet archiving Archiving e-journals UK LOCKSS Data curation for e-Science Preservation of e-Prints Survey and assessment of information resources Study of records lifecycle



Germany The Network of Expertise in Long-term

Storage of Online Resources (nestor) KopalDigital Preservation Europe

@ http://www.digitalpreservationeurope.eu


The Indian Scenario

Initiative for information organization and management by Govt. and NGOs

Library InitiativesLibrary Initiatives

INFLIBNET (UGC) : e-Journal consortia, retro-conversion, web-site hosting, etc.

Indian National Digital Library in Engineering Sci & Tech (INDEST) by MHRD.

Proposal : (i) Consortia agreements incorporate compulsory option

of ‘archiving’ scholarly journals (ii) Consortia efforts for web archiving initiatives


The Indian Scenario

Digital Library Initiatives

Digital Library of India (DLI) to digitize books in Indian languages.

The Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL) by CSIR.

NISCAR by CSIR, MST and

Department of AYUSH

Proposal :

OAIS model for digital preservation


The Indian Scenario

Organizations involved in CMDOrganizations involved in CMD

Institutional Repositories

Eprints of the Indian Institute of Science <http://etc.ncsi.ernet.in> National Chemical Laboratory

<http://dspace.ncl.res.in/dspace/index.jsp>

Proposal :

Facilitate the option of digital preservation in the software


The Indian Scenario

Social Science Data

-- The Census of India-- M.S.Swaminathan Research Foundation

Proposal : Centralized Data Managament and Preservation Strategy

Museums and Art Galleries

-- Ministry of Culture, GOI-- The National Archives


Institutions involved in Data Production and Storage

Institute ResourceCentral Water Commission Command area maps

National Bureau of Soil Survey and

Soil Maps Soil maps and land use data

Survey of India (SOI) Topographical maps, geodetic trigonometric and levelling data, gravity & geomagnetic data, GPS data, tidal data, repetitive geodetic & geophysical data

Geological Survey of India (GSI) Geological maps on various scales, geological and seismic data

National Remote Sensing Agency

(NRSA)

Satellite imageries, land use and wasteland maps on different scales

Indian Meteorological Department (IMD)

Meteorological and seismic data

Ministry of Ocean Development (MOD) Oceanic data

Scientific and Technical DataScientific and Technical Data


A Proposal Relevant to Geomagnetism

Huge number of photographic magnetograms are kept at Alibagh (1901-1920) and at different World Data Centers (WDCs) under ICSU.

50 years after International Geophysical Year (IGY, 1957-1958), Electronic Geophysical Year (eGY, 2007-2008) is planned to digitize old magnetograms.

Foster International Co-operation in digitizing old magnetograms because aged films are brittle and cracking.


A Proposal Relevant to Geomagnetism

Digital Preservation for longer life and make them amenable to computational analysis.

The mission is universal (equal) access by everyone having an internet connection and a computer thus cut down the travel cost and time of researchers.

Encouraging library professionals to address issues related to preservation and intellectual property right (IPR) and allied issues.


A Proposal (General)

1. Maintaining digital material by building institutional repositories and digital libraries.

2. Providing adequate financial and technical resources for establishing certification system.

3. Archiving and maintaining access to S & T data with the help from ICSU / CODATA.

4. National Informatics Center (NIC) entrusted with framing guidelines and policy.

or establishing a new agency

For handling digital preservation, for collaboration, sharing and avoiding duplication.

5. Trusted Digital Repository for accurate and reliable information.


6. Legally sustainable digital preservation policy.

7. Joining the Digital Preservation Consortium.

8. Attention to collection management of digital material in libraries.

9. Amendment of the Delivery of Books Act and Press and Registration Act to cover the digital material.

10. Training of manpower for the management and preservation of electronic records.

11. Research in the area of digital preservation.

A Proposal (General)


Conclusion

Implementation of suitable preservation strategy for digital data and documents is required for our country.

Best practices for digital preservation in India can be established by combining OIAS model and trusted digital depository.

Collaborative efforts and sharing information will help preservation rather than duplication.

Experienced LIS professionals can play a major role in preserving the library material and handling the IPR like allied issues.


Date post:	17-Nov-2014
Category:	Devices & Hardware
Upload:	smita-chandra
View:	2,018 times
Download:	0 times

Digital Preservation

Devices & Hardware