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Photocatalytic Active Building Materials:Are They Affecting the
Air Quality in the Urban Environment?
Ralf DillertSophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo
102-8554, Japan Permanent address:
Institut für Technische Chemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstr. 3, 30167 Hannover, Germany
Photocatalytic Products for Passive Air Treatment
• Cement• Pavement Stones• Roofing Stones• …
• Tiles• Roofing Tiles• Plasters• Façade Paints
Testing the Photocatalytic Activity:Oxidation of NO (ISO 22197-1)
Test Conditions• cNO,in = 1000 ppb in air• T = 25 °C• hr = 50 %
• EUV = 10 W m-2
Environmental Conditions
• Weather Conditions• Temperature• Humidity• UV Irradiance
• Urban Air Pollution
Temperature
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1314 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 2425 26 27 28 29 3031
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1314 15 16 17 18 1920 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 2829 30 31
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Max
. tem
pera
ture
/ °C
July December
Humidity
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1314 15 16 17 18 1920 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 2829 30 31
0
25
50
75
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1314 15 16 17 18 1920 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 2829 30 31
0
25
50
75
rel.
hum
idit
y / %
Light Intensity (UV Irradiance)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1415 16 17 18 19 2021 2223 24 25 26 27 2829 30 31
0
6
12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1516 17 18 19 20 2122 23 2425 26 27 28 29 3031
0
6
12
Sun
shi
ne /
h
July December
Kinetics of Photocatalytic NO Oxidation
OHOHNO
NONONO
r
cKcK
cKEkr
22NO
NO'
111
OHOHNONONO
NONONO
r
cKcKcK
cKEkr
2222NO
NO'
111
NOcrNOr clEhTr 222
11121 )/exp(
NO
NO
1 cK
cKkr
NO
NONONO
r
EkNO 21 11
43
rNO hk 762
5 rrNO hhK
)(EKK NONO
N. Bengtsson and M. Castellote, J. Adv. Oxid. Technol., 2010, 13, 341.
M. Hunger, G. Hüsken and J. Brouwers, Cement Concrete Res., 2010, 49, 313.
M. M. Ballari et al., Catal. Today, 2010, 151, 71.
M. M. Ballari et al., Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 2010, 95, 245.
Kinetics of Photocatalytic NO Oxidation:Influence of Irradiance and NO Concentration
Dillert et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2013, 15, 20876-20886.
Kinetics of Photocatalytic NO Oxidation:Influence of Irradiance and NO Concentration
0
1
0102030405060708090
0 10 20 30 40 50
K-1/ mm
ol m
-3
I / µmol m-2 s-1
k/
µmol
m-2
s-1
ii
iii
Ai
A
cK
cKkR
1
Dillert et al., J. Hazard Mater. 2012, 211-212, 240-246.
Kinetics of Photocatalytic NO Oxidation:Influence of Irradiance and NO Concentration
Eχχkc
cK
k
ccK
k
EχχR
NOd
NOWW
NOa
NOWW
NOa
NOA
21
21
111
111
NO
NO NO
Rads, NO Rdes, NO
.OH
Rads, NO Rdes, NO
HNO2
HNO2
.OH H2O
NO2
NO2
.OH
HNO3
HNO3Rr, NO Rr, NO Rr, NO
Rads, NO Rads, NORdes, NORdes, NO
Dillert et al., J. Hazard Mater. 2012, 211-212, 240-246.
Dillert et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2013, 15, 20876-20886.
Kinetics of Photocatalytic NO Oxidation:Influence of Humidity
Dillert et al., unpublished results.
Kinetics of Photocatalytic NO Oxidation:Influence of Humidity
Dillert et al., unpublished results.
Eχχkc
cK
k
ccK
k
Eχχr
NOd
NOOHOH
NOa
NOOHOH
NOa
NOr
21
21
111
111
22
22
Environmental Conditions
• Weather Conditions• Urban Air Pollution
• NO, NO2, HONO, …• CO• SO2
• Organic Compounds (BTEX, Acids, Aldehydes, …)• Particulate Matter (C, Organic Compounds,
NH4NO3, other Inorganic Compounds)
Pollutant Concentration
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 120
100200
300
400
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 120
100
200
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 120
100
200
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 120
50
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 120
50
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 120
1020
30
40
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 120
5
10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 120
5
10
CO
NO2
NO
SO2
O3
Toluene
Benzene
m-Xylene
Conc
entr
ation
/ µ
g m
-3
Photocatalytic Treatment of NO/NO2 Mixtures
Dillert et al., unpublished results.
cNO,in + cNO2,in = cNOx,in ≈ const
experimentell run
Photocatalytic Oxidation of Urban Air Pollutants
NOx → NO3–
NH3 → N2, NOx, NO3–
SO2 → SO42–
CxHyX → x CO2 + y/2 H2O + X –
Are Photocatalytic Active Building Materials Affecting the Air Quality in the Urban Environment?
Acknowledgement
• Dipl. chem. Astrid Engel• Dipl.chem. Olga Raisch• Dipl.chem. Anna Glyk• Dr. Julia Große• Prof. Dr. Detlef Bahnemann
• Financial Support: BMBF (03X0069F, “HelioClean – Nanotechnologisch funktionalisierte Baustoffe zur solarkatalytischen Luft- und Oberflächenreinigung”)
