Dio Cassius, Roman History 006

8/3/2019 Dio Cassius, Roman History 006

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BOOK LTV

else might read them. He permitted all to standfor office who possessed proj)erty worth four hundredthousand sesterces and were eligible by the laws tohold office. This was the senatorial rating whichhe at first established ; but later he raised it toone million sesterces. Upon some of those who livedupright lives but })ossessed less than the fourhundred thousand sesterces in the first instance, orthe million in the second, he bestowed the amount

lacking. And because of this he allowed thepraetors who so desired to spend on the publicfestivals three times the amount granted them fromthe treasury. Thus, even if some were vexed atthe strictness of his other regulations, yet by reasonof this action and also because he restored onePylades, a dancer, who had been exiled on accountof sedition, they remembered them no longer.Hence Pylades is said to have rejoined very cleverly,when the emperor rebuked him for having quar-relled Avith 15athyllus, a fellow-artist and a favouriteof Maecenas ^ : ''It is to your advantage, Caesar, thatthe people should devote their spare time to us."

These were the occurrences of that year. In theconsulship of Gains Furnius and (Jaius Silanus,Agrippa again acknowledged the birth of a son, whowas named Lucius ; and Augustus immediatelyadopted him together with his brother Gains, notAvaiting for them to become men, but appointingthem then and there successors to his office, in order

that fever plots might be formed against him. Hetransferred the festival of Honor and Virtus to thedays Avhich are at present theirs, commanded thosewho celebrated triumphs to erect out of their

1 Cf. Tac. Ann. i. 54.

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spoils some monument to commemorate tlieir deeds, b.c. 17and held the fifth celebration of the Ludi Saeculares.He ordered th(; orators to give their services asadvocates without pay, on i)ain of a fine of fourtimes the amount they received ; and he forbadethose who were drawn as jurymen from time totime to enter any person's house during their yearof service. And since the members of the senateshowed a lack of interest in attending its sessions,

he increased thefines for

those were late with-out a good excuse.Next he set out for Gaul, during the consulship c. i6

of Lucius Domitius and Publius Scipio, making thewars that had arisen in that region his excuse. Forsince he had become disliked by many as a result ofhis long stay in the capital, and now was offending

many who committed some act contrary to hisdecrees by the punishments he was inflicting, andat the same time, by sparing many others, was beingcompelled to transgress his enactments, hedecided to leave the country, somewhat after themanner of Solon. Some even suspected that hehad gone aAvay on account of Terentia, the Avife ofMaecenas, and intended, inasmuch as there wasmuch talk about them in Rome, to live with herabroad free from all gossip. So great, indeed, was!iis passion for her that he once made her enter acontest of beauty against Livia. Before setting outhe dedicated the temple of Quirinus, which he hadrebuilt. I mention this for tlie reason that headorned it with seventy-six columns, Avhich was theexact number of the years he lived, and thus causedsome to declare that he had chosen this numberdeliberately and not by mere chance. So he dedi-cated this temple at that time, and also exhibited

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,'^; re Sta

,^/ ' hrj vas, who died at this time. Among his many be-quests to many persons he left to Augustus a goodshare of his estate together with Pausilypon,^ theplace between Neapolis and Puteoli, Avith instructionsthat some public work of great beauty should beerected there. Augustus razed Pollio's house to theground, on tlie pretext of ])reparing for the erectionof the other structure, but really with the purposethat Pollio should have no monument in the city ;

^ 1) modern Posilipo, betAvecii Naples and Poz/uoli.The (Jreck name Pausilypon means " grief-assuaging," thuscorresponding to such modern names as Sans Souci, Hearts-ease, etc.

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and he built a colonnade, inscribing on it the name, b.c. i5

not of Pollio, but of Livia.

However, he did this later. At the time we areconsidering he colonized numerous cities in Gaul andin Spain, restored to the people of Cyzicus their

freedom, and gave money to the Paphians, whohad suffered from an earthquake, besides allowing

them, by a decree, to call their city Augusta. I re-

cord this, not that Augustus and the senators, too,

did not aid many other cities also both before andafter this occasion, in case of similar misfortunes,

indeed, if one should mention them all, the Avork in-volved in making the record would be endless, butmy purpose is to show that the senate even assignednames to cities as a mark of honour and that theinhabitants did not, as is usually done now, makeout for themselves in each instance lists of namesaccording to their own pleasure.

The next year Marcus Crassus and Gnaeus Corne- pc ubus were consuls ; and the curule aediles, afterresigning their office because they had been electedunder unfavourable auspices, received it again, con-trary to precedent, at another meeting of the as-sembly. The Basilica of Paulus Avas burned and theflames spread from it to the temple of Vesta, sothat the sacred objects there Avere carried up to thePalatine by the Vestal Virgins,^ except the eldest,who had become blind, and were placed in thehouse of the priest of .Jupiter. The basilica wasafterwards rebuilt, nominally by Aemilius, who was

1 Cf. xhi. 31, 3.

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the descendant of tlie family of the man who had b.c 14formerly erected it, but really by Augustus and the

friends of Paul us. At this time the Pannonians re-volted again and were subdued, and the MaritimeAl})s, inhabited by the Ligurians who were calledComatij^ and were still free even then, were reducedto slavery. And the revolt among the tribes of theCimmerian Bosporus was quelled. It seems that oneScribonius, who claimed to be a grandson of Mithri-dates and to have received the kingdom from Augustusafter the death of Asander, married Asander's wife,named Dynamis, \vho was really the daughter ofPharnaces and the granddaughter of Mithridates andhad been entrusted \vith the regency by her husband,and thus he was holding Bosporus under his control.Agrippa, upon learning of this, sent against himPolemon, the king of that part of Pontus borderingon Ca})padocia. Polemon found Scribonius no longeralive, for the people of Bosporus, learning of his

advance against them, had already put him to death ;but when they resisted Polemon through fear thathe might be allowed to reign over them, he en-

gaged them in battle. But although he conqueredthem, he was unable to reduce them to submissionuntil Agrippa came to Sinope vith the purposeof conducting a campaign against them. Thenthey laid down their arms and were delivered upto Polemon ; and the woman Dynamis became hiswife, naturally not without the sanction of Augustus.

For these successes sacrifices were offered in thename of Agrippa, but the trium})h which was votedhim was not celebrated. Indeed, he did not so nmch

* i.e. the '* long-haired." Cf. Gallia Comata, xlvi. 55, 5.

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'IS notify the senate of what had been accomplished, b.c. i4and in consequence subsequent conquerors, treatinghis course as a precedent, also gave up the practiceof sending reports to the public ; and he wouldnot accept the celebration of the triumph. For thisreason, at least, such is my opinion, no one elseof his peers was permitted to do so any longer,either, but they enjoyed merely the distinction oftriumphal honours.

Now when Augustus had finished all the businesswhich occupied him in the several provinces of Gaul,of Germany and of Spain, ^ having spent large sumsupon special districts and received large sums fromothers, having bestowed freedom and citizenshipupon some and taken them away from others, he leftDrusus in Germany and returned to Rome himself in

the consulshij) of Tiberius and Quintilius Varus, b.c. isNow it chanced that the news of his coming reachedthe city during those days when Cornelius Balbuswas celebrating with spectacles the dedication ofthe theatre which is ev^en to-day called by hisname ; and Balbus accordingly began to put on airs,as if it Avere he himself that was going to bring

Augustus back, although he was unable even toenter his theatre, except by boat, on account ofthe flood of water caused by the Tiber, whichhad overflowed its banks, and Tiberius put thevote to him first, in honour of his building thetheatre. For the senate convened, and among itsother decrees voted to place an altar in the senate-chamber itself, to conunemorate the return of Augus-

^ Literally, " in the Gauls, in the Germanics, and theSpaina," "Germany" here and just below refers to theprovinces of Upper and Lower Germany, >vest of the Rhine.See note on liii. 12, 6.

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BOOK LIV

tus, and also voted that those who approached him n.c laas suppHants while he vas inside the pomeriiimshouUl not be i)unished. Nevertheless, he acceptedneither of these honours, and even avoided en-countering the })eople on this occasion also ; for heentered the city at night, j This he did nearly alwayswhenever he went out to the suburbs or anywhereelse, both on his way out and on his return, so thathe might trouble none of the citizens. The next

day he welcomed the peo})le in the palace, and then,ascending the Capitol, took the laurel from aroundhis fasces and placed it upon the knees of Jupiterand he also placed baths and barbers at the serviceof the people free of charge on that day. Afterthis he convened the senate, and though he made noaddress himself by reason of hoarseness, he gave his

manuscript to the quaestor to read and thus enu-merated his achievements and promulgated rules asto the number of years the citizens should serve intile army and as to the amount of money they shouldreceive when discharged from service, in lieu ofthe land which they Avere always demanding. Hisobject was tliat the soldiers, by being enlisted hence-forth on certain definite terms, should find no excusefor revolt on this score. The number of years wastwelve for the Pretorians and sixteen for the restand the money to be distributed was less in somecases and more in others. These measures causedthe soldiers neither pleasure nor anger for the time

being, because they neither obtained all they desirednor yet failed of all ; but in the rest of the i)oj)ula-tion the measures aroused confident hopes that theywould not in future be robbed of their possessions.

He next dedicated the theatre named after Mar-cellus. In the course of the festival held for this

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BOOK LIV

j)nrpose the p;itrician boys, including his grandson b.c is(iaius, performed the ecpiestrian exercise called

'^'IVoy,"^ and six hundred wild beasts from Africawere slain. And to celebrate the birthday ofAugustus, luUus, the son of Antony, who waspraetor, gave games in the Circus and a slaughterof wild beasts, and entertained both the emperorand the senate, in pursuance of a decree of thatbody, upon the Capitol.

After this there was another purging of the listsof the senate. At first, as we have seen, the ratingof senators had been fixed at four hundred thousandsesterces, because many of them had been stripped oftheir ancestral estates by the wars, and then, as timewent on and men acquired wealth, it had been raisedto one million sesterces. Consequently no one wasany longer found would of his own choice be-come a senator ; on the contrary, sons and grandsonsof senators, some of them really poor and others re-duced to humble station by the misfortunes of theirancestors, not only would not lay claim to thesenatorial dignity, but also, when already entered on

the lists, swore that they were ineligible. Therefore,previous to this time, while Augustus was still absentfrom the city, a decree had been passed that theVigintiviri, as they were called, should be appointedfrom the knights ; and thus none of these meneligible to be senators vas any longer enrolled inthe senate without having also held one of the other

offices that led to it. These igintiviri are what isleft of the Vigintisexviri, of whom three- are incharge of criminal trials, another three ^ attend to

^ See xliii. 23, 6, and note. ' Tresciri capilaUs.^ Tresviri monetales.

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BOOK iJV

the coinage of the money, four ^ look after the b.c. isstreets in the city, and ten ^ are assigned to thecourts which are allotted to the Centumviri ; for thetwo 2 who were once entrusted with the roads out-side the walls and the four* \vho used to be sent toCampania had been abolished. This was one decreethat was passed during the absence of Augustus ;there was also another providing that, since no onewas any longer ready to seek the tribuneship, someof the ex-quaestors who vere not yet forty years oldshould be appointed to the office by lot. But on thepresent occasion Augustus himself made an investi-gation of the whole senatorial class. With thosewho were over thirty-five years of age he did notconcern himself, but in the case of those who wereunder that age and possessed the requisite rating he

compelled them to become senators, unless one ofthem was physically disabled. He examined theirpersons himself, but in regard to their property heaccepted sworn statements, the men themselves andothers as witnesses taking an oath and rendering anaccount of their poverty as \vell as of their mannerof life.

Nor did he, while showing such strictness in thepublic business, neglect his private affairs ; indeed,he rebuked both Tiberius, because at the festival,given under Tiberius' management, in fulfilment ofa vow for the emperor's return, he had seated Gainsat the emperor's side, and the people for honouringGains with applause and eulogies.-* On the death of

^ Quatnorvh'i riis in nrbe purgnndi'i ; of. chap. 8, 4.- Decemviri sflifihu^ iudirandis.^ Duoviri viis extra vrbem purgandis,* Qnatuor prae/ecti Capiiam Cumrtx.^ Vi. Suet., Aug. 56.

353VOL. VI. \ \


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Lepidus he was appointed lii^h priest and the senate b.c. i;accordingly wished to vote him [other honours (?)]but he declared that he would not accept any of

them, and when the senators urged hira, he rose andleft the meeting. That measure, therefore, nowfailed of passage, and he also received no officialresidence ; but, inasmuch as it was absolutely neces-sary that the high priest should live in a publicresidence, he made a part of his own house publicproperty. The house of the rex sacnficnlus, how-ever, he gave to the Vestal Virgins, because it wasseparated merely by a wall from their apartments.

When Cornelius Sisenna was censured for theconduct of his wife, and stated in the senate thathe had married her with the knowledge and onthe advice of the emperor, Augustus becameexceedingly angry. He did not, to be sure, say ordo anything violent, but rushed out of the senate-house, and then returned a little later, choosing totake this course, though it vas not the correct thingto do, as he said to his friends afterAvard, ratherthan to remain where he was and be compelled todo something harsh.

Meanwhile he increased the power of Agrippa,who had returned from Syria, by giving him thetribunician power again for another five years, andhe sent him out to Pannonia, Avhich was eager forwar, entrusting him Avith greater authority thanthe officials outside Italy ordinarily possessed. AndAgrippa set out on the camj)aign in spite of the fact

that the winter had already begun (this was theyear in which Marcus Valerius and Publius Sulpicius b.c. liwere the consuls) ; but Avhen the Fannonians be-came terrified at his approach and gave up their

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BOOK LIV

plans for rebellion, he returned, and upon reachingCampania, fell ill. Augustus happened to be ex-hibiting, in the name of his sons, contests of armedwarriors at the Panathenaic festival,^ and when helearned of Agrippa's illness, he set out for Italyand finding him dead, he conveyed his body to thecapital and caused it to lie in state in the Forum.He also deHvered the eulogy over the dead, afterfirst hanging a curtain in front of the corpse. Whyhe did this, I do not know. Some, however, havestated that it Avas because he was high priest, othersthat it was because he was performing the duties ofcensor. But both are mistaken, since neither thehigh priest is forbidden to look at a corpse, nor thecensor, either, except when he is about to completethe census ; but if he looks upon a corpse then,

before his })urification,all his

vork has to be doneover again. Now Augustus not only did what I haverecorded, l)ut also had the funeral procession ofAgrippa conducted in the manner in which his ownwas afterward conducted, and he buried him in hisown sepulchre, though Agrippa had tiiken one forhimself in the Campus Martins.

Such was the end of Agrippa, who had in everyway clearly shown himself the noblest of the menof his day and had used the friendship of Augustuswith a view to the greatest advantage both of theemperor himself and of the commonwealth. Forthe more he surpassed others in excellence, themore inferior he kept himself of his own free willto the emperor ; and while he devoted all thewisdom and valour he himself possessed to thehighest interests of Augustus, he lavished all the

^ In Athens.

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HOOK LIV

honour and influence he received from him upon b.c. 12benefactions to others. It was because of this inparticular tliat he never became obnoxious to

Augustus himself norinvidious

tohis

fellow-citizenson the contrary, he helped Augustus to establish themonarchy, as if he were really a devoted adherent ofthe principle of autocratic rule, and he won over thepeople by his benefactions, as if he were in thehighest degree a friend of popular government. Atany rate, even at his death he left them gardens and

the baths named after him, so that they might bathefree of cost, and for this purpose gave Augustuscertain estates.^ And the emperor not only turnedthese over to the state, but also distributed to thej)eoj)le four hundred sesterces apiece, giving it to beunderstood that Agrippa had so ordered. And, in-deed, he had inherited most of Agrippa's property,including the Chersonese on the Hellespont, whichiiad come in some vay or other into Agrippa's hands.Augustus felt his loss for a long time and hencecaused him to be honoured in the eyes of the])eople ; and he named the posthumous son born tohim Agrippa. Nevertheless, he did not allow thecitizens at large, although none of the prominentmen wished to attend the festivals, to omit any ofthe time-honoured observances, and he in personsuperintended the gladiatorial combats, though theywere often held without his presence. The death ofAgri})pa, far from being merely a private loss to hisown household, was at any rate such a public loss

to all the Romans that portents occurred on thisoccasion in such numbers as are wont to happen

' For the baths, see liii. 27, 1 . The estates here jnentionetlwere to provide an income for the maintenance of the baths.

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BOOK LV

into service against Antony the troops who had a.d.served with his father, and he maintained themafterwards ; tliey constitute even now a special corps,and carry rods, like the centurions.

Now Augustus lacked funds for all these troops,and therefore he introduced a proposal in the senatethat revenues in sufficient amount and continuingfrom year to year should be set aside, in order thatthe soldiers might receive without stint from thetaxes levied their maintenance and bonuses withoutany outside source being put to annoyance. Themeans for such a fund were accordingly sought.Now when no one showed a willingness to becomeaedile, some men from the ranks of the ex-quaestorsand ex-tribunes were comi)elled by lot to take the

office a thing which happened on many otheroccasions.^ After this, in the consulship of Aemilius a.d. gLepidus and Lucius Arruntius, when no revenues forthe military fund Avere being discovered that suitedanybody, but absolutely everybody was vexed becausesuch an attem{)t was even being made, Augustus inthe name of himself and of Tiberius placed money in

the treasury which he called the military treasury,^and commanded that three of the ex-praetors, to bechosen by lot, should administer it for three years,employing two lictors apiece and such further as-sistance as was fitting. This method was followedwith the successive incumbents of the office formany years ; but at present they are chosen by theemperor and they go about without lictors. NowAugustus made a contribution himself toward thefund and promised to do so annually, and he also

1 Cf. xlix. 16, 2; liii. "2, 2; liv. 11, 1.- Atrarium militare.

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> LVprevent decrees from being passed^ a ruling wasmade that all decisions reached by tliose in atten-

dance at any meeting should be valid. Moreover,ex-consuls were appointed to have oversight overthe grain and bread suj)plies_, so that only a fixedquantity should be sold to each person. Augustus,to be sure, gave free of cost to those werereceiving doles of corn as much again in every caseas they were already getting ; but when even thatdid not suffice for their needs, he forbade even theholding of public banquets on his birthday.

When many parts of the city were at this timedestroyed by fire, he organized a comj^any of freed-men, in seven divisions, to render assistance on suchoccasions, and aj)pointed a knight in command overthem, expecting to disband them in a short time.He did not do so, however ; for he found by experi-ence that the aid they gave was most valuable andnecessary, and so retained them. These night-watchmen exist to the present day, as a specialcorps, one might say, recruited no longer from thefreedmen only, but from the other classes as well.They have barracks in the city and draw pay fromthe })ublic treasury.

Now the masses, distressed by the famine and thetax and the losses sustained in the fire, were ill atease, and they not only openly discussed numerousplans for a revolution, but also posted at night evenmore numerous bulletins. Word was given out thatall this had been })lanned and managed by onePublius^ Rufus, but suspicion was directed to others ;

^ The same man, evidently, who is called Plautius Rufus bySuetonius (Aikj. 19) ; his whole name may have been PubliusPlautius Rufus.

463


476/511

DIGS ROMAN HISTORY' ovre Tt ;iSvvaro, erepoL he i/ceivov ^-

3 .; -iyiyvovTO, ?, ^, \

\, ,4 ^. jap )) , -^ , .\8

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464


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BOOK

for as Rufus could neither have devised nor accom-plished any of these things, it was believed thatothers^ making use of his name, were planning arevolution. Therefore an investigation of the affairwas voted for and rewards for information were an-nounced. Information began to be offered, and thisalso contributed to the commotion in the city. Thislasted until the scarcity of grain Avas at an end andgladiatorial games in honour of Drusus vere givenby Germanicus Caesar and Tiberius Claudius Nero,his sons. For this mark of honour to the memory ofDrusus comforted the peoi)le, and also the dedicationby Tiberius of the temple of Castor and Pollux, uponwhich he inscribed not only his own name, callinghimself Claudianus instead of Claudius, because of

his adoption into the family of Augustus, but alsothat of Drusus. Tiberius, it should be explained,continued to carry on the wars, and at the same timevisited the city repeatedly whenever the opportunityoffered ; this was partly, to be sure, on account ofvarious business, but chiefly because he was afraidthat Augustus might take advantage of his absence

to show j^reference to somebody else.These were the events in the city that year. In

Achaia the governor died in the middle of his termand instructions were given to his quaestor and tohis assessor (whom, as 1 have stated,^ call envoy)for the former to administer the province as far asthe Isthmus and the other the remainder. Herodof Palestine, was accused by his ])rothers ofsome wrongdoing or other, was banished beyond the

1 Cf. hii. 14, 6.' Archelaus, sou of Herod the (Jieut, who used the name

Herod on his coinage.

VOL. VI.


478/511

DIO'S ROMAN HISTORY',.8 ,, iyei'OPTO. yap -Tpe^ov, 8' ^ - , 2 '

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466


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BOOK LV

Alps and his portion of the domain was confiscatedto tlie state.

During tliis same period many wars also tookplace. Pirates overran a good many districts, sothat Sardinia had no senator as governor for someyears, but was in charge of soldiers with knights ascommanders. Not a few cities rebelled, \vith theresult that for two years the same men held office inthe provinces whicii belonged to the })eo{)le and

were appointed ^ instead of being chosen by lot ; ofcourse the provinces vvhicli belonged to Caesar were,in any case, assigned to the same men for a longerperiod. Bi\t 1 shall not go into all these mattersminutely, for many thijigs not worthy of recordhappened in individual instances and their recital indetail would serve no useful purpose. I shall givesimply the events worthy of some mention and verybriefly at that, except in the case of those of greatestimportance.

The Isaurians began with marauding exj)cditions,but were led on into all tlie horrors of war, untilthey were utterly subdued. The Gaetulians, also,

were discontented with their king, Juba, andscorning the thought that they, too, should be ruledover by the Romans, rose against him. They ravagedthe neighbouring territory, sleV many even of theRomans who made a campaign against them, and, infine, gained so great lieadway that Cornelius Cossus,who subjugated them, received triumphal honoursand also a title from them.^ While these eventswere occurring, expeditions against the Germansalso were being conducted by various leaders,

' By Augnstus, naturally.- Oaetulicu?.

467II II 2


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DIO'S ROMAN HISTORY

Tive


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BOOK LV

especially Tiberius. He advanced first to the riverVisurgis and later as far as the Albis, but nothing

noteworthy was accomplished at this time^ although

not only Augustus but also Tiberius was called m-perator because of the campaign^ and Gaius Sentius,

the governor of Germany, received triumphal honours,

inasmuch as tiie Germans, through tlieir fear of the

Romans, made a truce, not merely once, but twice.The reason that peace was granted them a secondtime, in spite of their having broken their truce so

soon, was that the Dalmatians and Pannonians were

in a state of great disturbance and required sharp

attention.

The Dalmatians, chafing under thelevies

oftri-

bute, had hitherto kept quiet, though unwillingly.

But when Tiberius made his second campaign againstthe Germans, and V^ilerius Messallinus, the governor

of Dalmatia and Pannonia at the time, \vas sent out

with him, taking most of his army along, the Dal-

matians, too, vere ordered to send a contingentand on coming together for this purpose and behold-ing the strength of their warriors, they no longer

delayed, but, under the vehement urging of oneBato, a Desidiatian, at first a few revolted and

defeated the Romans who came against them, and

then the rest also rebelled in consequence of thissuccess. Next the Breucians, a Pannonian tribe, putanother Bato at their head and marched againstSirmium and the Romans in that town. They did

469

A.D. !


482/511

DIO'S ROMAN HISTORY

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470


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BOOK LV

not capture the place, however, for Caecina Severus,the governor of the neighbouring province of Moesia,marched rapidly against them, when he heard oftheir uprising, and joining battle with them near theriver Dravus,^ vanipiished them ; but hoping in someway to renew the struggle soon, since many of theRomans also had fallen, they turned their attentionto summoning their allies and were getting togetheras many as they could. Meanwhile the DalmatianBato marched u[)on Salonae, where he was badlywounded by a stone missile and so accomplishednothing himself; but he sent out some others, whowrought havoc along the whole sea-coast as far asApollonia, and at that point, in spite of having beenfirst defeated, won a battle in turn against theRomans \vho engaged them. Now when Tiberius

learned of this, fearing that they might invade Italy, hereturned from Germany, sending Messallinus aheadand folloving himself with most of his army. ButBato learned of their approach, and although not yetwell, went to meet Messallinus; and though he provedstronger than Messallinus in open conflict, he wasafterward defeated by an ambuscade. Thereupon he

went to Bato, the Breucian, and making commoncause with him in the war, occupied a mountainnamed Alma. Here they were defeated by Rhoe-metalces, the Thracian, who had been sent aheadagainst them by Severus, but resisted Severus him-self vigorously. Later, when Severus withdrew toMoesia, because the Dacians and Sarmatians were

The Drave.

Tii'i . . . 0(1(1e)', . . . .^ rolak, / .471


484/511

DIGS ROMAN HISTORY


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BOOK LV

ravaging it, and Tiberius and Messallinus were tarry-ing in Siseia, the Dalmatians overran the territory oftheir allies and caused many more to revolt.

Andalthough Tiberius approached them, they wouldengage in no pitched battle with him, but keptmoving from one place to another, causing greatdevastation ; for, owing to their knowledge of thecountry and the lightness of their equipment, theycould easily proceed wherever they pleased. And

when winter set in they did much greater damage,for they even invaded Macedonia again. As forthese forces, now, Rhoemetalces and his brotherRhascyporis checked them by a battle ; and as forthe others, they did not come to the defence of theircountry when it was later ravaged (in the consulshipof Caecilius Metellus and Licinius Silanus), but tookrefuge in the mountain fortresses, from which theymade raiding expeditions whenever the chanceoffered.

When Augustus learned of these things, he beganto be sus])icious of Tiberius, who, as he thought,might speedily have overcome the Dalmatians, butvas delaying ])urposely, in order that he might beunder arms as long as possible, with the war as hisexcuse. He therefore sent out Germanicus, althoughhe Avas only a quaestor, and gave him an army com-posed not only of free-born citizens but also of freed-men, including those whom he had freed from slaveryby taking them from their masters and mistresses on

payment of their value and the cost of their mainten-ance for six months. This was not tlie only measurehe took to meet the need occasioned by the war,but he also postponed the review of the knights,which was wont to occur in the Forum. And he

473

A.U. ti


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BOOK LV

made a vow with reference to the Megalensianjrames because some woman had cut some letters onher arm and practised some sort of divinalion. Heknew well, to be sure, that she had not been pos-sessed by any divine power, but had done this thingdeliberately; but inasmuch as the populace wasterribly wrought u}) over both the wars and thefamine (which had now set in once more), he, too,affected to believe the common report and proceeded

to do anything that would make the crowd cheerful,regarding such measures as necessary. And in viewof the dearth of grain he appointed two ex-consulscommissioners of the grain supply, granting themlictors. And as there was need of more money forthe wars and for the support of the night-watchmen,he introduced the tax of two per cent, on the sale ofslaves, and he ordered that the money which Avasregularly paid from the public treasury to the prae-tors who gave gladiatorial combats should no longerbe expended.

The reason why he sent Germanicus and notAgrippa to take the field was that the latter pos-sessed an illiberal nature, and spent most of his timein fishing, by virtue of which he used to call himselfNeptune. He used to give way to violent anger,and spoke ill of Livia as a ste[)mother, while he oftenreproached Augustus liimself for not giving him theinheritance his father had \et\ him. When he couldnot be made to moderate his conduct, he was banished

andhis })roperty

was given to the military treasuryhe himself was put ashore on Planasia, the islandnear Corsica.

475


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DIGS ROMAN HISTORY

3 iv rfj iroXeL iyevero' Be

e? \6


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HOOK LV

I'liese were the events in tlie city. Attcr Ger- \.>. :manicus reached Pannonia and armies were assem-bling there from many sides, the two Batos waiteduntil Severus apj)roac'hcd from Moesia and then fellu{)on him unexpectedly, while he was encamped nearthe Volcaean marshes. They frightened the picketsoutside the ramparts and drove them back inside, butwhen the men in the camp stood their ground, theattackers Avere defeated. After this the Romans

were divided into detachments, in order that theymight overrun many parts of the country at once ;most of these detachments did nothing worthy ofnote, at least not at that time, but Genmanicusconquered in battle and harassed the Mazaei, aDalmatian tribe.

These were the achievements of that year. In .. sthe consulship of Marcus B'urius and Sextus Nonius,the Dalmatians and Pannonians desired to maketerms, because they were afflicted first by famine andthen by disease that followed it, since they wereusinji for food roots and stranjie herbs. Thev didnot, however, make any overtures, being hinderedby those who had no hope of being spared by theRomans, but even in their distress still resisted.And one, Scenobardus, who had pretended he Avasgoing to change sides and with reference to this verymatter had sent to Manius Ennius, the commanderof the garrison in Siscia, as if he were ready todesert, became afraid that he might suffer harm

beforehand ....The Po, which, under the name Eridanus,^ theycall the king of the rivers that cleave the soil of Italy,had its waters let into a very wide canal by the

' This is tlie usual name of the river in Greek.

477


490/511

DIO'S ROMAN HISTORY

sima fossa demissus, qui septima sui alvei parte per

mediam influit civitatem, ad ostia sua amoenissimuniportum praebens, classem ducentarum quinquaginta

navium, Dione referente, tutissima dudum crede-batur recipere statione. Jordanes, Get. 29, 150.

4


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BOOK LV

Emperor Augustus. A seventh part of tlic stream a.d. 8of this river flows through the centre of the city,^affording at its mouth a most attractive harbour,which was formerly believed, according to Dio, to bea thoroughly safe anchorage for a fleet of two hun-dred and fifty ships.

When at last the famine had abated, he conductedgames in the Circus in the name of Germanicus,Avho was son of Drusus, and in that of Germanicus'

brother.2 On this occasion an elej)hant overcame arhinoceros and a knight who had once been dis-tinguislied for his wealtli fought in single combat.

Now when Augustus was growing weary by reasonof old age and the feebleness of his body, so that hecould not attend to the business of all those whoneeded his care, though he continued personally,

with his assistants, to investigate judicial cases and topass judgment, seated on the tribunal in the palace,he entrusted to three ex-consuls the embassies sentto Rome by ])eo})les and kings ; these, sitting sepa-rately, gave audience to such embassies and madeanswer to them, except in matters in which the finaldecision had of necessity to be rendered by thesenate and Augustus.

[It had been Augustus' j)ractice hitherto to attendall the meetings of the senate, though he did not,]however, declare his opinion among the first, butamong the last, his purpose being that all might be})ermitted to form their views independently and no

oneshould

abandonhis

own judgment,as

thoughlie were under any necessity of agreeing with theemperor; and he would often sit with the niagis-

' Ravenna.^ Claudius, who latei became iMuporor,

479


492/511

niO'S ROMAN HlSrORY

rot's T -^ /'ye TrapeSpevovTe^ ^'^/,^

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48


493/511

HOOK LV

trates as tliey tried cases. Also, whenever those who a.i>.sat in judgment with him found themselves in dis-

agreement, the emperor's vote was counted as nomore tlian equal to that of any other judge. But atthe time to which I refer, Augustus allowed thesenate to try most cases without him, and he gave upattending the popular assemblies. Instead, he hadthe year before personally aj)pointed all who were tohold office, because there were factional outbreaks,

and in this and the following years he merely posteda bulletin recommending to the plebs and to thepeople those whom he favoured. Yet he was sovigorous when it came to directing campaignsagain.st the enemy that he proceeded to Ariminuniin order that he might be near at hand to give allnecessary advice in regard to both the Dalmatians

and the Pannonians. On his departure vows were'made, and on his return the sacrifices customarywhen he came back from the enemy's country wereoffered.

This was what was done in Rome. Meanwhile,Bato, the Breucian, who liad betrayed Pinnes and hadreceived the right to rule over the Breucians as hisreward, was captured by the other Bato and put todeath. The Breucian, it seer^s, had been somewhatsuspicious of his subject triln and had gone roundto each of the garrisons to demand hostages ; andthe other, learning of this, lay in wait for him some-where or other, defeated him in battle, and shut him

up in a stronghold. Later, when the Breucian wasdelivered over by those inside, he took him andbrought him before the army, and then, when hehad been condemned, put him to death on the spot.After this many of the Pannonians rose in revolt,

48Lvol.. VI. 1 I


494/511

DIO'S KOMAN HISTORY

^


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BOOK

and Silvaiius made a campai


496/511

J


497/511

INDEX

(All dates are u.G. unless other/vi^f. slated.)

Achaia. 465Acropolis, the, 299Actla, festival in lionour of Actiura,

6Actium, battle of, 3 f., 15, 61, 195 f.Addon, 419Aegina, 299Aerailius, L. (perhaps the same as

Paulus Aemilius Lepldiis), 267Aesculapius, 23Africa, 17, 29Agrippa, M. Vipsanius, honoured

after Actium, 11, 59, 195 f. ;advises Octavian against estab-lishing a monarchy, 79-109, 185 ;censor, 187 ; public works super-vised by, 253, 263 f., 311 f. ;indicated as Augustus' successor,271-75 ; retirement to Lesbos,275 ; restoration to favour, 297 f

.

319, 355 ; military exploits of,309 f., 345 f., 355; death andcharacter of, 357-65 ; funeralgames in honour of, 399 f.

Agrippa Postumus, son of preced-ing, 400, 451, 475

Ahenobarbus, L. Domitlus (cos. 16),329, 417

Alban Moimt, the, 275, 297 n., 361Albis, the, 381, 417, 469Alexander the Great, 45Alexander, brother of lamblichus I.,

7Alexander, son of Antonv and

Cleopatra, 43, 63Alexandria, 17, 29, 47 f.. 53Alexandrians, the, 27, 45 f.Aliso (or Eliso), the, river in

Germany, 369 n.Almn, mountain in Pannonia, 471

DIO VI.

Alps, the, 259, 263, 467 ; Triden-tine. 337 f. ; Maritime, 345

Amyntas, king of Galatia, 7, 21,261

Antloch, 23Antiochus, king of Commagenc, 191Antistius, C. See Vetus.Antoninus, M. Aurelius, 457Antoninus, M. Aurelius (Caracalla),

41Autonlus, C. (cos, 63), 75Antonlus, lullus, son of the trium-

vir, 45, 351, 379, 413Antony, Mark, flight of, after

Actium, 5, 13 f. ; in Egypt, 15,29 ; death of, 31 ; character of,41 f. ; other references to, 7 f.13, 37 f., 45, 51 f., 67, 119, 189,199, 265, 279, 299, 305. 351, 459

Antyllus, son of preceding, 17 f.,25,43

Aper, P. Salvius, 411Apis, 47 f.Apollo, 5 ; temple of, on Palatine,

105, 409Apollonia, 471Apudius (or Pacuvius) Sex., 247Apuleius, Sex. (cos. 29), 55, 59Apuleius, Sex. (cos, k.D. 14), 363Aqua Virgo, the, 311Aquila, freedmau of Maecenas, 397 f.Aquitania, 221Arabia, 269 f., 453Arabian Gulf (the Red Sea), 21Arabians, the, 21, 303Archelaus, king of Cappadocia, 7,

303Archelaus, king of Judaea, 465 and

n.Areius, a philosopher, 45, 175

4^5


498/511

INDKX

Argonauts, picture of, 26;iAriminum, 251, 481Ariobarzanes, 419Armenia, 45, 303, 403, 415, 4J9Armenians, the, 303, 413, 419Arruntius, L. (cos. 22), 283Arruntius, L. (cos. a.d. 6), 450Artabazus, 415, 419Artacli, the, 77Artagira, 419Artavasdes, king of Armenia, 17Artavasdes, king of Media, 17, 45.

303Artaxes, 45, 303Asander, 345Asia,

11, 15, 51, 57, 219, 299, 361Asians, the, 57Astures, the, 57, 259 f., 267 f., 293Athena, 55, 299Athenians, tlie, 299, 305" Athenians," the, party in naval

battle given in Rome, 409Athenodorus, a philosopher, 17.')Athens, 305Athlula, 271Angurium salutis, tlie, 57

August, name given to tlie mouthSextilis, 395Augusta, name given to Paphos,

343Augusta Emerita, 261Augusta Praetoria, 259Augustalia, the, 307, 369Augustus, passim. Significance oi

name, 185 n., 235, 241, 245

Baetica, 221

Balbus, D. Laelius (cos. 6), 401Balbus, L. Cornelius, 347Basilica of Neptune, the, 263Basilica of Paulus, the, 343 f.Bastarnae, the, 67-75Batavia, 365, 457Batavians, the, 365, 457Bathyllus, 327Bato, Breucian chief. 469 f.. 477,

481Bato, a Dalmatian chief, 469 f.,

477, 481 fBelgica, 221Bessi, the, 73, 333, 371Bithynia, 59, 221, 299Bocchus, 261Bogud, 261Bosporus, kingdom of, 34.')

486

Breucians, the, 469 f., 481 f.Britain, 253, 259, 453 f.British ocean, the, 221Britons, the, 205, 253, 277Brundisium, 13, 51Brutus, 119

Caepio, Fannius, father and eon,289 f.

Caesar, C. Julius, 7, 9, 27, 35 f.,117, 187, 273, 335, 461 ; shrinesof, 43, 57 f. ; assassins of, 23.See also Julius.

Caesar, C. Julius (Octavianus),passim. After 29 B.C. styled

Augustas, q.v.Caesar, C, grandson of Augustus,327, 331, 351 f., 395, 399-405,409, 413-23.

Caesar, L., brother of preceding,327, 331, 399-405, 409, 415, 421 f

Caesar, as imperial title, 185, 241Caesarians, the (imperial ireedmen),

137Caesarion, 17 f., 43Calpurnius, C. (aedile 23), 279

Camillus, 107Camillu->, M. Furius (cos. x.D. 8),477

Camillus, M. Furius (Scribonianus),455

Campania, 353 f., 411Campanians, the, 409Campus Agrii)pae, the, 399Campus Martins, the, 67, 197, 2-53,

357, 383Camunni, the, 331

Candace, 293 f.Cantabri, the, 57, 259 f., 267 f., 293,309 f.

Capitol, the, 291, 301, 349 f., 383,399

Cappadocia, 345Capreae, 191Carisius, P. (or T.), 261, 293Carrinas, C, 61Carthage, 191Cassius, 119

Castor and Pollux, temple of, 465Cedrus (or Cebrus). river in Moesia,69

Celts, the, 221Censorinus, C. Marcius (cos. 8), 391Chalcidicuni, name given to temple

of Minerva, 03


499/511

INDEX

Chatti, tlie, 'Mil t., 375, 381Chauci, the, 365CherBonesus, the, 359, 37

Cherusci, the, 367, 381Chios, 415Cicero, son of the orator, 53CUlcia, 21, 221, 303Cinna, 107Cinna, Cn. Corneliu.s (Magnus), 427,

449 f.Clrcensian games, 153, 195, 303,

351, 395, 407 f., 451, 479Circus Flaminius, the, 383, 409Circus Maximus, the, 369, 409

Ciris, a cave, 75Claudius, the emperor, 455, 405.479 ; cf. 383

Cleopatra, 3 f., 15-13, 49 f., 61 f.Cleopatra, daughter of preceding,

4:}, 63Cluvius, C, 189Coele-Syria, 221Commagene, 191, 303Concord (Concordia), statue of, 373:

temple of, 399, 405

Cornelius. See Cinna and LentulusCorsica, 475Cos, 23Cossus. See. LeiitulusCotys, 333. 371Cra.ssus, M. Licinius, the triumvh.

279Craflsus, M. Licinius (cos. 30), 13.

67-73Cra.ssus, M. Licinius (cos. 14), 343Crete, 219

Crispinus, Q. (pr. 2), 411Crispinus, T. Quinctius (cos. 9), 379Curia lulia, the, 63Curia Octaviae, tlie, 399Curio, 9Curtius, 209Cydonia, 7Cyprus, 221, 291Cyrenaica, the, 219 f.Cythera, 299Cyzicus, 21, 299, 343

Dacia, 453 f.Dacians, the, 65 f., 375, 471Dalnmtia, 219 f., 333, 371, 469, 483Dalmatians, the, 61. 369, 375, 383.

409-73, 477, 481 f.Daphne, town near Aiitioch, 2:5

Dapyx, chief of a tribe uf the Oeta*i,73 f.

Dardani, the, 67, 77

Decii, the, 209Deldo, king of tiie Bastarnae, 71Demeter, 11 n., 305 n.Dentheleti, 69, 73, 33:{Didius, Q., 21 f.Dionysus, 73, 371Diribitoriura, the, 399Domltian, 273, 457Domitius, L. See AhenobarbmDravus, river in Pannonia, 471Drusus, M. Livius (Libo) (cos. 15),

335Drusus, Nero Claudius, 307, 331,337 f., 365-85, 391, 395, 399, 465

Dynamis, wife of Asander, 345Dj'rrachium, 15

Egypt, 1 1, 15, 17, 21, 47, 51, 61 f.,205, 221 f., 255, 269, 293, 417

Egyptians, tlie, 19, 27, 35, 43-47,53

Elephantine, 293Eliso (or Aliso), tlie, 369Enaius, M'., 477Epaphroditus, a freedman, 33, 39Ephesus, 57Epirus, 219Erato, (jueen of Armenia, 419Eretria, 299Eridanus, Greek name for the Po,

477Ethiopia. 43Ethiopians, the, 293 f.Evocati, the, 457

Fabius, Paiilus (Maximus) (cos. 11),367

Fabius, Africauus Quintus (or Q.Fabius Maximus Africauus) (cos.10), 379

Feriae Latiuae, the, 279, 297, 325,361 n., 385

Flaccus, C. Norbanus (cos. 24), 265Flaminian Way, the, 251Flevo, Batavian lake, 365 ti.Florus, Aquilius, father and son, 9Fortuna Kedux, altar of, 3li7Forum of Augustus, the, 407Forum Romanum, tlie, 51, 273. 291,

301 ., :;31, 383. 401, 407, 411,47:5


500/511

INDEX

Frisians, the, 305 f.Pulvia, 17, 45Furnius, C. (tr. 50), 189, 20;{Fnrnius, C. (cos. 17), 327

(laetulia, 261Gaetulians, the, 467Galatia, 21, 261Galba, the emperor, 11, 457Gallia (Gaul), 25, 205, 221, 253, 309,

333-39, 343, 347, 375 ; Lugdu-neasis, 375 ; liarbonensis, 189,221 291

Gallus, Aelius, 269Gallus, C. Asinius (cos. 8), 391Gallus, C. Cornelius, 25 r"., 47, 255Gallus, Lucius, 333Gallus, Nonius, 57Gauls, the, 61, 253, 335, 365Genucla, 75Geriaanicus, title cont'errod upon

Dnjsus and his sons, 383Germanicus, son of Drusus, 425,

465 473-79Germans, the, 57, 61, 65, 221, 309,

333 f., 365, 375, 393, 417, 425,

467f.

Germany, 471 ; provinces of, 22]333, 347, 399 f., 453-57, 469

Getae, the, 65, 71, 75 f.Greece, 11, 15, 59, 67, 97, 219, 299Greeks, the, 99, 305, 409, 423 f.

Haemus, 69, 77Helios, name given to Alexander,

son of Cleopatra, 63Hellenes, name given by Augustus

to foreigners living in Asiaticprovinces, 57

Hercules, Pillars of, 209Hermes, statues of. 305Hermundiiri, the, 417Herod the Great, 303Herod Archolaus. See ArchelausHonor, festival of, 327Horatius, 209

lamblichus I., Arab chieftain, 7, 303iamblichus II,, son of preceding,

303lapydes, the, 61Imperator, use of term under the

empire, 185 f., 237India, 305

488

lotape, daughter 01 Artavaudes Lacus Fievo, the, 365 n.Lacus Venetus, the, 339 and //.Lampe (or Lappa), town in Crete, 7Lampaeans, the, 7Lancia, town in Spain, 261Largus Valerius, 251 f.Legions, list of, 453-57Lentulus, Cn. Cornelius (cos. le:

313Lentulus, Ca. Cornelius (cos. 14),

343Lentulus, Cossus Cornelius (or Ca

Cornelius Lentulus Cosaus) (cos.1), 467

Lentulus, P. Cornelius (Marcellinu^:(cos. 18>, 313

Lepidus, M. Aemilius, the triumvir,119, 191, 199, 253, 319 f., 355

Lepidus, M. AemiUus, son of pre-ceding, 319

Lepidus, M. AemiUus (cos. A..0. 6),459

Lepidus, Paulus AemiUus (ceas.22), 285, 345. See also AemiUus

Lepidus, Q. Aemilius (cos. 21). 295


501/511

INDEX

Lesbos, 275Llbo, M. Se^ DrususLibya, 219 f.Liclnus, a Qaiil, 335 f.

Liguriana, the, 345Llmyra, 421Llvia, 37, 279, 299, 329, 343, 383 f.,

399, 405, 421, 475; advisesAugustus to be couclliatorytoward his enemies, 429-51 ;precinct dedicated to, 309

Loilius, M, (cos. 21), 295, 333Lucretius, See VispilloLudi Megalensea, 475Ludi Ilomani, 273

Ludi Saeculares, 329Lugduiiuin, 3G5Lupia, river in Germany, 305-69Lycaonia, 261Lycia, 421Lycomedes, 7

Macedonia, 5. 67 i., 77, 219, 287,333, 371, 473

Maecenas, 11, 289, 297, 327, 331,303. 395-99 ; advises Octavianiu favour of a monarchy, 72,109-185

Maedi, the, 73Marcellus, M. Claudius (Aeserninus)

(cori. 22), 283, 289MarccUus, M. Claudius, nephew of

Augustus, 59, 201, 205 f., 271-75,279, 349 ; theatre of, 273, 349

Marcomannian territory, the, 417Marius, 107, 117Marius, the younger, 107Mara, statue of, 203 ; Mars Ultor,

temple of, 301, 407 f.Mazaei, the, 477Mede, the. See ArtavasdesMedeius, 7Merula, 375Mesopotamia, 457Messalla, L. Valerius (Volcsus) (cos.

A.l). 5), 451Mossalla, M. Valerius (Corviuus)

(cos. 31), 23, 205Messalla, M. Valerius (Barbatus)

(cos. 12), 355Messalln, M. Valerius (Messallinus)

(cos. 3), 409-73Messalla, Potitua Valerius (nos. 29),

59

Metellus, 107Metellus, Q. Caecilius (C^eticas

(co!i. A.D. 7), 473Milliarium aureum, the, 301

Minerva, temple of, 63MIthridates the Great, 5 a., 345Mithridates II., king of Comma-

gene, 303Moesia, 05-69, 73, 77, 205. 453-57,

471, 477Moesians, the, 65, 69 f., 77Morini, the, 61Mucia, mother of Sex. Pompev,Mucins, 209Murena, Licinius, 289-Musa, Antoniua, 271 f..Mysians, the, 7Mysteries of tlie two goddesses, 11,

305

Napata, 295N'eapolis, 341. 409Neapolitans, tlie, 191, 409Xeptune, name taken by Agrippa

Postumus, 475Nero, Ti. Claudius, 465. Se4

ClaudiusNero, the emperor, 455Xerva, A. Licinius (Silianus or

Silanus) (cos. a. . 7), 379, 473Nerva, P. Silius (cos. 20), 299, 331 f.Nicaea, city in Bithyaia, 57Nicomedia, city in Bithynia, 57Nicopolis, city near Actium, 5Nicopolis, city in Cappadocia, 5 .Xicopolis, city in Egypt, 49xVorbanus,

C. See FlaccusNorthern ocean (North Sea), the381

Norici, the, 331 f.Noricura, 337, 457Numidia, 219, 453

Octavia, si.ster of Augustus, 43, 373Odrysae, the, 73, 287Olympian gamea, the, 153

Pacuvius (or Apudius) Sex., 247Paetus, Articuleius, 317Palatine, the, 195. 235, 265. 343Palatium, the, 275, 423Palestine, 465Pamphyha, 261, 371Pan;ithenaic festival, the, 359

489


502/511

INDEX

Pandateria, -HIPantheon, the, 263, 288Pannonia, 77, 205, 355, 375, 453-57,

469, 477Pannonians, the, 61, 33 1 f., 345, 355,

363 f., 369 f., 383, 469, 477, 481 f.Paphians, the, 343Papho3, 343Paraetonium. 25, 29Parians, tlie, 405Parthians, the, 51, 55, 413, 419Paulus, basilica of, 343 f.Pausilypon, 341Pax, statue of, 373Peloponnesus, Isthmus of (Isthniu.s

of Corinth), 15Pelusium, 27 f.Pergamenians, the, 59Pergamum, 57Persian Gulf, the, 21 a." Persians," the, party in naval

battle given at Rome, 409Petronius, C. (or P.), 293 f.Pharnaces, 205, 345Philippi, 15, 305Philopator, son of Tarcondimotus,

7Phoebe, freedwoman of Julia, 413Phoenicia, 221, 453Phraates, 51, 205, 275 n., 277 f..

301Phrataces, 415-19Pillars of Hercules, the, 209Pinnes, Pannonian chief, 481Piso, Cn, Calpurnius (cos. 23), 271Piso, Cn. Calpurnius (cos. 7), 399Piso, L. Calpurnius (cos. 15), 335,

371Planasia, 475Plancus, L. Muiiatius, 285Plancus, L. Plautius, brother of

preceding, 285Po, the. 477 f.Polemon, 257, 345PoUa, sister of Agrippa, 399PoUio, Vedius, 339-43Pompey the Great, 5 n., 107, 117,

285, 429

Pompey, Sextus, 7, 13Pontus, 7, 221, 257, 345Potitus, Valerius. See MessallaPraetorians, the, 135, 349, 411Primus, M., 287 f.Proculeius, C, 33, 255 f., 289Psylli, the, 41

490

Ptolemies, the, bodie.s of, 47Ptolemy, son of Antony and Cleo-

patra, 43Puteoli, 341Pylades, a dancer, 327, 411Pyrenees, the, 259Pythian games, the, 153

(iuintilianus, Sex. Nonius (co-i.A.D. 8), 477

Quirinus, P. Sulpicius (cos. 12), 355Quirinus, temple of, 329

Ravenna, 459Red Sea, the, 19 f.Regulus, 209Regulus, Licinius, 317Rhaetia, 457Rhaetians, the, 337 f.Pfchascyporis, a Thracian prince

371, 473Rhine, the, 61, 65, 207, 221. 333,

365-69, 381 f., 393, 417, 457Rhodes, 403 f., 421 |

Rhodope, 65 \Rhoemetalces, king of Thrace, 333,371, 471 f.

Roles, king of a tribe of theGetae, 71 f.

Romans, the, passimRome, 11-15, 47, 57 f., 63, 153 f.

245, 283, 297, 301, 309Romulus, 235 ; hut of, 361Rufus, M. Egnatius, 257Rufns, P., 463 f.

Sabos. king of Arabia Felix, 269Sacred Way. the, 331Saepta, the, 253, 401, 409Salassi, the, 259Salonae, 471Salus Publica. statue of. 373Samos, 299, 305Sardinia, 221, 467Sarmatians, the, 333, 47 L

Saturn, templeof,

301n.

Saturuinus, C. Seutius (cos. 19), 307Saturninus, C. Sentius (cos. a. P. 4).

469Savus, river in Pannonia, 77Scapula, Q. Ostorius, 411Scarpus^ L. Pinarius, 17, 25


503/511

INDKX

Scaurua, ., lialf-lirother of .Sex.Pompey, 7 i.

Scenobardus, 477Sclplo, P. Cornelius (Afrlcarius),

107aciplo, P. CorneliuH (cos. 16), 320Scordisci, the, 333, 305Scribonius, pretended grandson of

Mithridates, 345Scythians, the, 77 ; of. 05 f.8eetlca, 69Selene, name given to Cleopatra,

daughter of Cleopatra, 6:iSentius, C. See Haturnirui^September, 3, 395Serapis, 45Serdl, the, 73Sertorius, 119Servilius, P. (pr. 25), 265Sestius, L. (cos. 23), 277Severus, A. Caecina, 471, 477Severus, L. Septimius, emperor, 47Sextilia, name of, changed to August,

395Sextus. See Apuleius ami

Pompey.Sialetae, the, 371Sibylline verses, the, 325Sicily, 9, 189, 295, 299. 309Sidon, 301Silanus, M. .Junius (cos. 25), 25!Silanus, Licinius. See XervaSilius, P. See NervaSilvanus, L., iJ95 f.Sinope, 345Sirmium, town in Pannonia, 409 i.

Siscia, town in Pannonia, 477Sisonna, Cornelius, 355Sitaa, king of the Dentheleti. 09, 7Solon, 329Sosius, C, 7Spain, 19, 25, 29, 221, 253, 259,

207 i., 309, 333, 343, 347, 457Spaniards, the, 247Spolia opima, the, 7Statllius, Q. (tr. 29), 187Strabo, 107

Sudatorium Laconicum, the. 203Suobi, the, 01, 05 f., 381Sugambri, tlie, 333, 305 f., 375, 39-3Sulla, 01, 107, 117 f.Surrentum, 191Syracuse, 299Syria, 21-25, 49 f., 275. 295, 299.

331, 355, 415-19. 453. 459

Tarcondimotus, king of Cili;ia, 7,21, 303

Tarcondimotus, son of preceding,303

Tarentum, 63Tarraco, 221, 201Taurus, T. Btatilius (cos. 20), 57,

07, 253, 331Taurus, Sex. Pacuvius, 247 n.Tencteri, the, 333Terentia, wife of Maecenas, 329Theatre of Balbua, 347 ; of Mar-

cellus, 273, 349Thrace, 69, 77, 333, 371Thracians, the, 65, 73Thrasyllus, 421 f.Thucydides, 17 n.Thyrsus, a freedman, 25 f.Tiber, tlie, 245, 251, 279, 283, 347.

425, 451Tiberius, political honours received

by, 261, 267, 397, 331, 347, 363 f..399, 403 ; military exploits of,303 f., 337 f., 369-75. 383, 393 f.,409-73 ; sent to llhodes, 403,413 f.,; recalled, 425 ; adopted

byAugu.stu3, 425 ; other referencesto, 191, 353, 459, 465

Tigranes, 303, 403, 415, 419Tiridates, 51, 277 f., 419Tiro, 397 n.Titans, the, 75Torauius (or Thoranius), C. (tr. 25),

205L'rajan, 457L'reveri, the, 57

Triballi,the, 05

f.,77" Troy," game of, 65, 351

Tubero, Q. Aelius (cos. 11), 367TuruUius, P., 23Tyre, 301

Usipetes. the, 333, 365 f.

Vaccaei, the, 57

Valerius. . See MessallaVandalic mountains, the, 381Varro, A. Terentius (Murena) (cos.

23), 259Varus, P. Alfenus (cos. .\.D. 2), 419Varus, P. QuintUius (cos. 13). 347,

453 n.Vennii (or Vennones). tlie, 331

491


504/511

INDEX

Venus, temple of, 65 ; statue of, 263Vespasian, 457Vesta, temple of, 343 ; statue of,

405Vestal Virgins, the, 53, 343, 355,

451 f.Vetus, C. Antistius (cos. 6), 401Victory, statue of, 63Vigintisexviri and Vigintiviri, the.

351 f.Vinicius, M., 263Vinlcius. P. (cos. a.d. 2), 419Virtus, festival of. 327

Vispillo (or Vespillo). Q. Lucretius(cos. 19), 307

Visurgis. river in Germany, 367,381, 469

VitelUus, Q , 65Volcaean marshes, the, 477Vologaesus, a Thracian chief, 371

Zarmarus, an Indian, 305 f.Zenodorus, tetrarch of Trachoniti, i

303Zyraxee, liing of a

Getac. 7) f.tribe of the

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505/511

THE LOEB CLASSICALLIBRARY.

VOLUMES ALREADY PUBLISHED.

Latin Authors,

APULEIUS. The Golden Ass. (Metamorphoses.) Trans, byW. Adlington {1566). Revised by S. Gaselee.

CAESAR: CIVIL WARS. Trans, by A. G. Peskett.CAESAR : GALLIC WAR. Trans, by II. I. Edwards.CATULLUS. Trans, by F. W. Cornis'h ; TIHULLUS.

Trans, by j. W I'ostgate ; and PERVIGILIUM VENERIS.Trans, by J. W. Mackail. {^^rd Impression.)

CICERO: DE FINIBUS. Trans, by II. Rackham.CICERO: DE OFFICIIS. Trans, by Walter Miller.CICERO: LETTERS TO ATTICUS. Trans, by E. O.

Winstedt. Vols. I and II.CONFESSIONS OF ST. AUGUSTINF. Trans, by W. Walt.s

( 1 63 1 ). 2 Vols. {2nd Impression. )HORACE : ODES AND EPODES. Trans, by C. E. Bennett.

{znd Impression.)OVID: HEROIDES AND AMORES. Trans, by Grant

Showerman.OVID : Mf:TAMORPHOSES. Trans, by F.J. Miller. 2 Vols.

PETRONIUS. Trans, by M. Ilcseltine ; SENECA:

APOCO-LOCYNTOSIS. Trans, by W. II. D. Rouse. {2nd Im-pression.)

PLAUTUS. Trans, by Paul Nixon. 5 Vols. Vols. I and 11.PLINY : LETTERS. Melmoth's Translation revised by

W. M. L. Hutchinson. 2 Vols.PROPERTIUS. Trans, bv H. E. Butler. {2nd Impression.)SENECA: EPISTULAE' MORALES. Trans, by R. M.

Gummere. 3 Vols. Vol. I.SENECA TRAGEDIES. Trans, by F. ). Miller. 2 Vols.SUETONIUS. Trans, by J. C. Rolfe. 2 Vols.TACITUS: DIALOGUS. Trans, by Sir Wm. Peterson;

and AGRICOLA AND GERMANIA. Trans, by MauriceHutton.

TERENCE. Trans, by John Sargeaunt. 2 Vols. {2nd Im-pression.)

VIRGIL. Trans, by II. R. Fairclough. 2 Vols.


506/511

Creek Authors.

ACHILLES TATIUS. Trans, by S. Gaselee.APOLLONIUS RHODIUS. Trans, by R. C. Sealon. {ind Im^ressiou.)THE APO.STOLIC FATHER.S. Trans, by Kirsopp l>iike. 2 Vols, (i.-

Impressiofi.)

APPIAN'S ROMAN HISTORY. Trans, by Horace White. 4 Vols.DAPHNIS AND CHLOK. Thornley's Tran.slation revised by J. M-

Edmonds ; and PARTHENIU.S. Trans, by .S. Gaselee.

DIO CASSIU3 : ROMAN HISTORY. Trans, by E. Gary. 9 Vol^Vols. I to VI.

EURIPIDES. Trans, by A. S. Way. 4 Vols. {2nd Itu^ression.)

GALEN: ON THE NATURAL FACULTIES. Trans, by A. J. Brock-THE GREEK ANTHOLOGY. Trans, by W. R. Paton. 5 Vols.THE GREEK JiUCOLIC POETS (THEOCRITUS, 13I0N, MOS-

CHUS). Trans, by J. M. Edmonds, (znd Ini/>ression.)

HESIOD AND THE HOMERIC HYMNS. Tians. by H. G. EvelvnWhite.

JULIAN. Trans, by W^lmer Cave Wright. 3 Vols. Vols. I and II.

l-UCIAN. Trans, by A. M. Harmon. 7 Vols. Vol

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