I M Khan (Asst. Prof. in English)www.imkeng.wordpress.com
Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
Diploma Engineering Sem I
English-3300002 Grammar
Types of Sentence
I M Khan (Asst. Prof. in English)www.imkeng.wordpress.com
Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
What is Sentence?
I M Khan (Asst. Prof. in English)www.imkeng.wordpress.com
Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
What is Sentence?
A set of words that is complete in itself, typically containing a subject and predicate, conveying a statement, question, exclamation, or command, and consisting of a main clause and sometimes one or more subordinate clauses.
From:http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/sentence?q=Sentence
I M Khan (Asst. Prof. in English)www.imkeng.wordpress.com
Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
(English) Sentence StructureAssertive
Subject + Verb + Object
I M Khan (Asst. Prof. in English)www.imkeng.wordpress.com
Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
What is Verb?
A word used to describe an action, state, oroccurrence, and forming the main part of thepredicate of a sentence, such as hear, become,happen.
From:http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/verb?q=verb
I M Khan (Asst. Prof. in English)www.imkeng.wordpress.com
Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
What is Verb?
Subject + Verb + Object / Complement• I am a teacher• I have a book• I teach English
I M Khan (Asst. Prof. in English)www.imkeng.wordpress.com
Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
What is Verb?
A verb is a word that shows position (being), possession or action.
I M Khan (Asst. Prof. in English)www.imkeng.wordpress.com
Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
Types of Sentences
• Simple: • Compound:• Complex:
I M Khan (Asst. Prof. in English)www.imkeng.wordpress.com
Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
Verb is a word that shows• Action (to do)• State / Position / Existence (to be)• Possession / Relation (to have)
Sentence ShowsI teach English ActionI am a teacher State / Position / ExistenceI have a book Possession / Relation
I M Khan (Asst. Prof. in English)www.imkeng.wordpress.com
Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
(English) Sentence Structure Other than SVOAssertive
• Subject + Verb + Object (Noun)• Subject + Verb + Complément (Noun /
Adjective)• Subject + Verb + Adverb• Subject + Verb + Adjective• Subject + Verb + Adverbial / s
I M Khan (Asst. Prof. in English)www.imkeng.wordpress.com
Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
(English) Sentence Structure Other than SVO
• He is a teacher (subject + Complement)• He teaches (Subject + verb)• He teaches English (Subject + object)• He teachers well (Subject + adverb)• He teaches in the class (Subject + Adv. of Place)• He teaches everyday (Subject + Adv. of Frequency)• He teaches at 10 o’clock (Subject + Adv. of Time)
I M Khan (Asst. Prof. in English)www.imkeng.wordpress.com
Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
Types of Sentences
• Simple: • Compound: • Complex:
I M Khan (Asst. Prof. in English)www.imkeng.wordpress.com
Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
Types of Sentences
• Simple: one subject + one predicate • Compound: • Complex:
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Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
Types of Sentences
• Simple: one subject + one predicate • Compound: Two simple sentences joined by
Conjunction• Complex:
I M Khan (Asst. Prof. in English)www.imkeng.wordpress.com
Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
Types of Sentences
• Simple: one subject + one predicate • Compound: Two simple sentences joined by
Conjunction• Complex: Main clause and sub-ordinate clause
joined by Connector
I M Khan (Asst. Prof. in English)www.imkeng.wordpress.com
Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
Simple Sentences
What is Predicate?
I M Khan (Asst. Prof. in English)www.imkeng.wordpress.com
Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
PredicateThe part of a sentence or clause containing a verb and stating something about the subject(e.g. ‘went home’ in “John went home”)
From:http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/predicate?q=predicate
Predicate is statement about the subject or it is a part of sentence except the subject
I M Khan (Asst. Prof. in English)www.imkeng.wordpress.com
Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
Simple Sentences
• Simple: one subject + one predicate
I am a teacher
I M Khan (Asst. Prof. in English)www.imkeng.wordpress.com
Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
Simple Sentences
• Simple: one subject + one predicate
Subject I am a teacher Predicate
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Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
Mostly subjects are in one wordSubject Predicate
I am a teacherWe are friends
You are my cousinThey have gone to Mumbai
He is preparing for examShe is a sincere student
It can run fast
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Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
Subjects containing more than one wordSubject Predicate
The girl in a read saree is my sisterThe books on that table are mine
The plants with yellow flowers are beautifulThe book he bought is very costly
The news I heard was very surprising
I M Khan (Asst. Prof. in English)www.imkeng.wordpress.com
Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
Subject The plants with yellow flowers
Predicate are beautiful
.
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Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
Compound Sentences
• Compound: two simple sentences joined with conjunction such as and, but, so, therefore, yet, etc….
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Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
‘So’ So : This connector is used to indicate the
consequences a well as the reason.Ex. • She has lot of pending so she is not able to come• I was very tired so I could not go out with my friend• The machine is out of order so the production is delayed• The students did not complete the work so the teacher punished him
I M Khan (Asst. Prof. in English)www.imkeng.wordpress.com
Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
Compound Sentences with ‘so’
Simple Sentence no. 1 Simple Sentence no. 1
Clause showing reason Clause showing result
I M Khan (Asst. Prof. in English)www.imkeng.wordpress.com
Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
Compound Sentences with ‘so’ Ex.• She has lot of work pending so she is not able to come • I was very tired so I could not go out with my friend• The machine is out of order so the production is delayed• The students did not complete the work so the teacher punished him
Sub Predicate conjunction Sub Predicate
She has lot of work pending so she is not able to come
I Was very tired so I could not go out with my friend
The machine
is out of order so the production is delayed
The students
did not complete the work so the teacher punished him
I M Khan (Asst. Prof. in English)www.imkeng.wordpress.com
Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
Complex Sentences
Complex: main clause and sub-ordinate clauseConnected by Connector such as Who Whom
Whose Which Where When and Why Sub-ordinate clause depends on the main clause
I M Khan (Asst. Prof. in English)www.imkeng.wordpress.com
Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
Formulation
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Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
Main Clause
Formulation
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Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
Main Clause+
Formulation
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Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
Main Clause+
Subordinate Clause
Formulation
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Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
What do we mean by Main Clause and Subordinate Clause?
Formulation
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Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
Main Clause:
Formulation
I M Khan (Asst. Prof. in English)www.imkeng.wordpress.com
Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
Main Clause:Main Clause has its own individual meaning therefore it can stand on its own.
Formulation
I M Khan (Asst. Prof. in English)www.imkeng.wordpress.com
Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
Subordinate Clause:Subordinate Clause depends on the main clause as it does not have its own individual meaning.
Formulation
I M Khan (Asst. Prof. in English)www.imkeng.wordpress.com
Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
Formulation
Main Clause:Main Clause has its own individual meaning therefore it can stand on its own.
Subordinate Clause:Subordinate Clause depends on the main clause as it does not have its own individual meaning.
I M Khan (Asst. Prof. in English)www.imkeng.wordpress.com
Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
Examples
English Connectors
Complex Sentence Main Clause with individual meaning
Subordinate Clause that depends on main clause
I get up when it is 7 o’clock I get up when it is 7 o’clock
She knows the boy whom you are asking about
She knows the boy whom you are asking about
The engineer whose work you like is my brother
The engineer is my brother whose work you like
I know the place which you talked about
I know the place which you talked about
This is the school where my father is working as a clerk
This is the school where my father is working as a clerk
What was the date when Gandhiji was assassinated?
What was the date when Gandhiji was assassinated?
I don’t know why he is absent today
I don’t know why he is absent today
I M Khan (Asst. Prof. in English)www.imkeng.wordpress.com
Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
A dependent clause may refer to a noun or pronoun in the main clause and may be joined with the main clause by such connectors as Who Which Whose Whom
Complex Sentences
I M Khan (Asst. Prof. in English)www.imkeng.wordpress.com
Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
Connectors and their usage
Connectors Refers to…
Who human being (noun or pronoun)Whom human being (noun or pronoun)
Whose human being (noun or pronoun)Which Object, bird, animal, insect (noun or
pronoun)
Where Place When Time Why Reason
I M Khan (Asst. Prof. in English)www.imkeng.wordpress.com
Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
Connectors (in sub-ordinate clause)
Refers to Examples
Who human being
here: Rabindranath
Tagore
Clause 1 The Gitanjali was written by Rabindranath Tagore
Clause 2 He was a great painter.
The Gitanjali was written by Rabindranath Tagore who was a great painter
I M Khan (Asst. Prof. in English)www.imkeng.wordpress.com
Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
Connectors (in sub-ordinate clause)
Refers to Examples
Who human beinghere: The girl
Clause 1 The girl is my neighbor.
Clause 2 She is in a red saree.
The girl who is in a red saree is my neighbor
I M Khan (Asst. Prof. in English)www.imkeng.wordpress.com
Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
Connectors (in sub-ordinate clause)
Refers to Examples
Whom human being
here: Rabindranath Tagore – the object of the main clause
Clause 1 The Gitanjali was written by Rabindranath Tagore.
Clause 2 Gandhiji called him ‘gurudev’.
The Gitanjali was written by Rabindranath Tagore whom Gandhiji called ‘gurudev’.
I M Khan (Asst. Prof. in English)www.imkeng.wordpress.com
Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
Connectors (in sub-ordinate clause)
Refers to Examples
Whom human beingHere: person
Clause 1 I know the person
Clause 2 The principal was scolding him
I know the person whom the principal was scolding
I M Khan (Asst. Prof. in English)www.imkeng.wordpress.com
Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
Connectors (in sub-ordinate clause)
Refers to Examples
Whose human being
here: Rabindranath
Tagore
Clause 1 Rabindranath Tagore was a great poet.
Clause 2 His Gitanjali was awarded the Noble Price.
Rabindranath Tagore was a great poet whose Gitanjali was awarded the Noble Price.
I M Khan (Asst. Prof. in English)www.imkeng.wordpress.com
Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
Connectors (in sub-ordinate clause)
Refers to Examples
Whose human being
Here: Mr. Aanand
Clause 1 Mr. Aanand is my friend.
Clause 2 His photographs are nominated for the National award.
Mr. Aanand whose photographs are nominated for the National award is my friend
I M Khan (Asst. Prof. in English)www.imkeng.wordpress.com
Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
Connectors (in sub-ordinate clause)
Refers to Examples
Which Object, bird, animal, insect
(noun or pronoun)
here: Gitanjali
Clause 1 Rabindranath Tagore wrote the Gitanjali.
Clause 2 It is a collection of poems.
Rabindranath Tagore wrote the Gitanjali which is a collection of poems.
I M Khan (Asst. Prof. in English)www.imkeng.wordpress.com
Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
Connectors (in sub-ordinate clause)
Refers to Examples
Which Object, bird, animal, insect
(noun or pronoun)
Here: Project
Clause 1 The students are working on a project
Clause 2 It is going to help them a lot
The students are working on a project which is going to help them a lot
A project which the students are working on is going to help them a lot
I M Khan (Asst. Prof. in English)www.imkeng.wordpress.com
Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
Connectors (in sub-ordinate clause)
Refers to Examples
Where Placehere:
Shantiniketan Ashram
Clause 1 [ends with
place word]
This is Shantiniketan Ashram.
Clause 2 Gandhiji had come to meet gurudev here
This is Shantiniketan Ashram where Gandhiji had come to meet gurudev.
I M Khan (Asst. Prof. in English)www.imkeng.wordpress.com
Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
Connectors (in sub-ordinate clause)
Refers to Examples
Where Place
Here: hospital Clause 1
[ends with place word]
This is the hospital
Clause 2 My father is working as a doctor here
This is the hospital where my father is working as a doctor
I M Khan (Asst. Prof. in English)www.imkeng.wordpress.com
Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
Connectors (in sub-ordinate clause)
Refers to Examples
When Time
here: 1941 (year)
Clause 1 [ends with time
word]
It was 1941
Clause 2 Gurudev passed away. It was 1941 when gurudev passed away.
I M Khan (Asst. Prof. in English)www.imkeng.wordpress.com
Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
Connectors (in sub-ordinate clause)
Refers to Examples
When Time
here: season Clause 1
[ends with time word]
Autumn is the season
Clause 2 All the trees shed their leaves in it
Autumn is the season when all the trees shed their leaves
I M Khan (Asst. Prof. in English)www.imkeng.wordpress.com
Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
Connectors (in sub-ordinate clause)
Refers to Examples
Why Reason
here: reasonClause 1
[ends with reason word]
Nobody knows the reason
Clause 2 He left the jobNobody knows the reason why he left the job (Adjective Clause)
I M Khan (Asst. Prof. in English)www.imkeng.wordpress.com
Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
Connectors (in sub-ordinate clause)
Refers to Examples
Why Reason
here: I don’t know
Clause 1 [ends with
reason word]
I don’t know
Clause 2 She is absent todayI don’t know why she is absent today (Adverb Clause of Reason)
I M Khan (Asst. Prof. in English)www.imkeng.wordpress.com
Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)
Thanks a lot !!!I M Khan
Assistant Professor (English)OM Institute of Engineering & Technology,
Junagadh