Lesson 1

The Foundations of Your Foundation“What is Nutrition?”

Presented by:

Louise Sheehan, Course Educator

MSc Exercise and Nutrition Science

Diploma in Nutrition – Part I

About us

Course Agenda

Member Area & Community

Course Engagement

Risks of undernutrition

Risks of over nutrition

What can you do to combat disease?

Summary

Course Interaction

Q & A

Lesson 1

Course AgendaWeek 1:

Lesson 1 : What is Nutrition

Lesson 2 : Food Composition- The Essential Nutrients

Week 2:

Lesson 3 : Healthy Eating Guidelines

Lesson 4 : Understanding Weight Loss and Fad Diets

Lesson 5 : On Demand Behavioural Change and SMART Goals- (Pre-recorded)

Week 3:

Lesson 6 : Eating to Optimise your energy

Lesson 7 : Diet, Exercise and Sports Nutrition Important

Lesson 8: On Demand Food Labelling- (Pre-recorded)

Week 4:

Lesson 9 :The secret to weight loss- anthropometric measurements Important

Lesson 10: Fast Food and Special Diets Important

What is Nutrition?

Why Is Nutrition Important?

What is Nutrition?

Nutrition is the intake of food, considered in relation to the body’s dietary needs (WHO)

The process of nourishing or being nourished

The History of Nutrition

To stimulate the brain we will continuously ask questions

How Long Have We Been Aware of Nutrition?

400 B.C. -- Hippocrates, the "Father of Medicine", said to his students, "Let thy food be thy medicine and thy medicine be thy food". He also said “A wise man should consider that health is the greatest of human blessings.”

1747: Dr. James Lind, a physician in the British Navy, performed the first scientific experiment in nutrition discovering the treatment of scurvy

History of Nutrition

The Importance of Nutrition

Who is Nutrition important for?

I

• Poor nutrition reduced immunityincreased susceptibility to diseaseimpaired physical and mental developmentreduced productivity.

Nutrition: a major and modifiable determinant of many chronic diseases

Nutrition has positive and negative

influences on health

At all stages of the life cycle!

Nutrition Affects Everyone

Nutrition is Fuel

Food is Fuel

Vitality and energy for

life

Helps you reach and maintain a healthy weight

Boosts immune system

Improves sports

performance Delays ageing

Protects teeth and keeps gums healthy

Enhances concentration

levels and mood

Fights and helps to prevent

disease

Benefits of Good Nutrition

How is malnutrition affecting people

worldwide?

Malnutrition

Undernourished Vs Overnourished

Global Look at Malnutrition

Undernutrition indicates a lack of the

necessary energy, protein or micronutrients required by the body for good health

Occurs when people do not eat or absorb enough nutrients to cover their needs for energy and growth or to maintain a healthy immune system

Most basic kind- Protein-energy malnutrition

Micronutrient deficiency occur when the body lacks one or more micronutrients resulting in deficiencies which usually affect growth and immunity e.g. anaemia (iron deficiency)

Undernutrition

Causes of undernutrition

Lack of info/

knowledge

Fad diets

Disease and illness

Changes in requirements throughout

lifecycle

Poverty/ lack of

access to food

Poor diet

Causes of Undernutrition

Unplanned weight loss (usually losing more than 5-10% of your body weight within three to six months)

Weak muscles and/or loss of muscleFeeling tired all the time Low mood Increase in illnesses or infectionsSlow recovery from illness Failure to grow at the expected rate Changes in behaviour such as appearing

unusually irritable, sluggish or anxious

Signs of Malnutrition

Prevalent in, but not limited to, developing countries

842 million people in the world do not eat enough to be healthy.

1 in 8 people on Earth go to bed hungry each night.

WHO estimate Undernutrition contributes to 1/3 of all child deaths (2010)

How Common is Undernutrition

Iron Deficiency Anaemia

Infants > 6months and toddlersMenstruating womenPregnant womenVegetariansDiets lacking in Vitamin CPeople with malabsorption or

pathological blood loss

Obesity

Type 2 Diabetes

Cardiovascular disease

Over Nutrition

Obesity

Obesity

Worldwide obesity has nearly doubled since 1980 In 2008, >1.4 billion adults were overweight 200million men and nearly 300 million women

were obese35% of adults aged 20 and over were overweight in

2008 and 11% were obese65% of the world’s population live in countries

where overweight and obesity kills more people than underweight

42 million children under the age of 5 were overweight or obese in 2013

Obesity Facts

Most common nutritional disorder

Global Epidemic

Increasing rates in developing countries

How Common is Obesity?

Country Percentage of obesity

Mexico 32.8

United States 31.8

Syria 31.6

Venezuela 30.8

Libya 30.8

Trinidad & Tobago 30

Vanuatu 29.8

Iraq 29.4

Argentina 29.4

Turkey 29.3

Source: United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization's 2013 State of Food and Agriculture Report

The World’s Fattest Country

In 2010 WHO estimated >42

million children under 5

overweight

Childhood Obesity

Implications of Obesity

Type 2 Diabetes

2

347 million people worldwide suffer from Diabetes

More than 80% of diabetes deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries

WHO projects that diabetes will be the 7th leading cause of death in 2030

Healthy diet, regular physical activity, maintaining a normal body weight and avoiding tobacco use can prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes

Diabetes is a Global Issue

What is Diabetes?

2

Type 1 Diabetes Type 2 Diabetes

Failure of cells to produce insulin 90% of all diabetes cases (WHO)

Autoimmune basis Decreased insulin produced or insulin resistance

Develops suddenly Strongly linked to obesity

In children or adults <40 Genetic predisposition

Treatment with insulin! Gradual onset usually in adults

Treat with diet and lifestyle Higher prevalence in African Caribbean and Asian origin

Treat with diet and lifestyle

Classification of Diabetes

Symptoms of Diabetes

Cardiovascular Disease

2

What is Cardiovascular Disease?

2

In 2008- 17.3 million people died from CVDs, 30% of all deaths that year

2030: CVD related deaths will increase to 23.3 million people/year

Facts of Heart Disease

CVD Related Deaths

Common Symptoms of CVD

2

Unhealthy diet

Lack of Physical Activity

Tobacco use

Harmful use of alcohol

Genetics

Risk Factors for CVD

Unhealthy Diet

Raised blood pressure

Raised blood glucose

Raised blood lipids

Overweight

Obesity

Indicate increased risk

of developing a heart attack, stroke, heart

failure Sedentary Lifestyle

Lifestyle and CVD

Obesity

Type 2 Diabetes

CVD Obesity increases your risk of

Developing Type 2 Diabetes And CVD

Type 2 Diabetes increases your risk of developing CVD

Relationship between obesity + CVD

A healthy Diet and Lifestyle can help to Treat and Prevent Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes

and Cardiovascular Disease

REDUCE YOUR RISK

Follow healthy eating guidelines Regular exercise Maintain a healthy weight Stop smoking Drink alcohol within recommended

ranges

Boost your Health

Summary

Nutrition is important for everyone

Malnutrition is extremely dangerous

Malnutrition is preventable

Congratulations you have just laid the foundations

Tús Maith Leath na hOibreo Now we can start building on your knowledge

o Attend all of the lessons live to ask Questions in real time

and benefit the most

o We’re here to help, so contact us anytime!

Diet related illnesses are leading contributors to death Don’t underestimate how complex the topic of nutrition is- a basic

introduction is crucial Vital to be aware that dietary advice NEEDs to be tailored to individuals “one size” DOESN’T fit all

Is learning about nutrition important? You tell me?

Lack of knowledge can impact: Personal health- prevent cancer, diabetes and life-debilitating conditions

Hold you back professionally- unable to provide clients with up to date nutrition information

Possibility of providing dangerous, unethical advice if not fully educated!

Rewards and Benefits

Next Lesson

• The next session is “Macro and Micro Nutrients”

• Carbohydrates

• Protein

• Fats

• Vitamins

• Minerals

• Attend all of the lessons LIVE and your knowledge will grow

• Shaw Academy Lifetime Membership Prize during Lesson 7

• Recordings are available within 24 hours

Go to www.shawacademy.com and then the Top Right Corner – Members Area

Answer revealed in lesson 2

Question time