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may be takpn separately ; also during the year thereare other short courses, lectures and demonstrationsin psychological medicine.

Maudsley HospitalAppointments as clinical assistants are obtainable at

the Maudsley Hospital. The holding of such appoint-ments for varying periods satisfies the requirementsof the different examining bodies in respect of practicalstudy- of mental disorders. The appointments andother facilities for clinical experience are open to

qualified medical practitioners apart from the coursesof instruction. A course for the Diploma in Psycho-logical Medicine is held annually from January toJune at the Central Pathological Laboratory of theLondon County Mental Hospitals, which is situatedin the Maudsley Hospital. Facilities and grants-in-aidare given for research work in psychiatry and alliedsubjects at the Laboratory. Inquiries as to lecturesshould be addressed to the Director of the CentralPathological Laboratory, Maudsley Hospital, DenmarkHill, S.E. ; and as to clinical facilities, to the MedicalSuperintendent at the same address.Bethlem Royal HospitalA course of lectures and practical instruction for

the Diploma in Psychological Medicine, granted bythe various universities and the Conjoint Board,is held at Bethlem Royal Hospital, Monk’sOrchard, Eden Park, Beckenham, twice annually,during the spring and autunm. Part A or Part B,however, may be taken separately. In addition tothe above, clinical instruction in PsychologicalMedicine is given at Bethlem Royal Hospital everymorning (except Wednesdays) at 11 A.M. A reductionis made to those who attend the Diploma Course.House physicians are appointed at Bethlem RoyalHospital for a term of six months, which may beextended. These appointments are made on Feb. 1st,May 1st, August 1st, and Nov. 1st in each year, andthe vacancies are advertised in the medical papers.Apartments, complete board, attendance, and laundryare provided, and a salary at the rate of .6150 perannum for the first three months, rising if commend-able service be given, to the rate of 2200 per annumfor the second period of three months. Clinicalassistants are often appointed from time to time forperiods of three months or longer. These are non-salaried and non-resident posts, but partial boardis provided. The Physician-Superintendent, BethlemRoyal Hospital, Monk’s Orchard, Eden Park, Becken-ham, will supply further particulars.University of EdinburghCandidates for the Diploma in Psychiatry must be

graduates in medicine and surgery of the Universityof Edinburgh or hold corresponding registrabledegrees or qualifications of some other licensing body.Candidates are required subsequent to the date ofgraduation or obtaining a registrable qualification tohave held (a) a resident appointment for one year in ahospital for mental disorders approved by the Facultyof Medicine, or alternatively (b) a six months’ appoint-ment as defined in (a) and six months’ practical studyof nervous diseases in a special or general hospitalapproved by the Faculty of Medicine. There aretwo examinations for the Diploma. Part I. comprises:1. Anatomy of the Nervous System. 2. Physiologyof the Nervous System. 3. Psychology and Experi-mental Psychology. Part II. comprises : 1. Neuro-pathology. 2. Clinical Psychiatry. 3. Clinical Neuro-logy. 4. An additional subject selected by thecandidate from a prescribed list. The examinationsare held twice yearly in March and July. Candidateswho have held an asylum appointment for a periodof five years or more may be exempted from thecourse of study in one or more subjects of thecurriculum. Full particulars can be obtained fromthe Dean of the Faculty of Medicine.

University of Dublin (Trinity College)A post-graduate diploma in Psychological Medicine

is conferred upon registered medical practitioners who

have held a resident medical appointment at a recog-nised institution for the treatment of Mental Diseasesfor 12 months, or who have held such an appointmentfor six months and have attended clinical instructionat an approved institution for six months. Candidatesmust also attend special courses of instruction andpass a special examination. Details can be obtainedfrom the Registrar of the School of Physic, TrinityCollege, Dublin.

National University of IrelandThis University confers a diploma in Psychological

Medicine ; application should be made to the Registrarsof the Constituent Colleges, University College,Dublin, University College, Cork, and UniversityCollege, Galway, for all information.

DIPLOMA IN TROPICAL MEDICINE

Although a qualification in tropical medicine hasnot been made registrable by statute, a diploma isregarded as indispensable for appointments in theColonial Medical Service and similar positions abroad.Systematic instruction for these diplomas is given atthe Incorporated Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine(founded in 1898) and at the London School ofHygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel-street, Gower-street, London, W.C. ; while the University ofEdinburgh and the English Conjoint Board grant adiploma.London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineThe course of instruction in tropical medicine and

hygiene is divided into two parts : Section A, athree months’ course in clinical and laboratoryinstruction, and Section B, a two months’ course intropical hygiene. Each section can be taken inde-pendently of the other, and the examinations of theConjoint Board will follow closely upon the end ofthe corresponding course of study. This revisedcourse is recognised by the University of London asa course for Associate students. The dates of thecourses for the Session 1932-33 are as follows :—

Section A (Clinical and Laboratory Instruction) :First course, Oct. 3rd to Dec. 23rd, 1932 ; secondcourse, Jan. 2nd to March 24th, 1933 ; third course,April 3rd to June 22nd, 1933. Section B (TropicalHygiene) : First course, Jan. 16th to March 17th,1933 ; second course, April 18th to June 16th, 1933.The course of instruction under Section A includesclinical tropical medicine, applied pathology, medicalzoology, and elementary bacteriology. Section Bcomprises instruction in tropical hygiene, including,in relation to hygiene, bacteriology, medical zoology,anthropology, and vital and medical statistics. SectionA is so arranged, in three self-contained groups orblocks, as to allow of the admission of a student atthe beginning of any block of work, subject to aplace in the laboratory being available. Accordingly,applications can be received for admission : to thefour weeks’ ’period of study in Protozoology andHaematology, or the four weeks in Helminthology,or the three weeks in Entomology, with. in each case,if the student so wishes, the corresponding clinicaldemonstrations, instruction in applied pathology, andspecial lectures. Further, students wishing to attendthe clinics and clinical lectures only can do so forany period of four weeks during the course. Theinstruction in the Division of Clinical Tropical Medi-cine is given by the medical staff of the Hospital forTropical Diseases and by visiting lecturers. In this

way the resources of the hospitals of the Seamen’sHospital Society at Endsleigh-gardens, at the AlbertDocks, and elsewhere, become available for theclinical instruction of the students at the School.

Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineThe Liverpool University Diploma of Tropical

Medicine (D.T.M.) is open only to those who havebeen through a full course of instruction at

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this school. The subjects of examination are (a)Parasitology, (b) Entomology, (c) Tropical Medicine,including Etiology, Symptoms, Pathology, Diagnosisand Treatment of Tropical Diseases. The advancedcourse consists entirely of Practical and ClinicalLaboratory Work, given at the Laboratory at theUniversity. Applications should be made to the Deanof the Medical Faculty, University of Liverpool.The University also grants a diploma in Tropical

Hygiene (D.T.H.). The subjects of examination are(a) Tropical Hygiene (including Sanitary Engineering,Vital Statistics and Epidemiology, and AppliedParasitology and Entomology). (b) Practical Sanita-tion. (c) Bacteriology. (d) Chemistry (includingMeteorology and Climatology). Two UniversityFellowships of .6100 a year each are open to studentsof the school, amongst others. Accommodationfor research work is to be had at the UniversityLaboratory. The Mary Kinglsey Medal is awardedby the school for distinguished work in connexionwith Tropical Medicine.

University of EdinburghCandidates for the Diploma in Tropical Medicine

and Hygiene must be graduates in medicine andsurgery of the University of Edinburgh or holdcorresponding registrable degrees or qualifications of ’,

some other licensing body. The course of instruction, ’,comprising a primary and a second course, is givenduring the autumn and spring terms, October toMarch, and includes Tropical Hygiene, Bacteriology,Entomology and Parasitology, Diseases of TropicalClimates (systematic and clinical), Tuberculosis,and Venereal Diseases. Provision is made in theUniversity for instruction in all subjects.The examinations are written, oral and practical,

and are held at the end of the courses. Candidatesare required on the first occasion of presentingthemselves for examination in either part to appearfor all the subjects of that part. Candidates who failto pass the entire examination in either part withina period of 12 months after first appearance arerequired to reappear for all the subjects. TheUniversity is included in the list of institutionswhose courses of instruction in Tropical Medicinemay be taken by officers on appointment to theColonial Medical Services or during study-leave.Full particulars can be obtained from the Dean ofthe Faculty of Medicine.

English Conjoint BoardThe Board conducts an Examination three times a

year for the D.T.M. and H. granted by the RoyalColleges, namely in January, April, and July. TheExamination comprises written, oral, and practicalexaminations in the following subjects :-Section A,Clinical Tropical Medicine and Surgery; appliedPathology, Zoology, and Elementary Bacteriology.Section B, Tropical Hygiene, including Epidemiology,Medical Zoology, and Bacteriology in relation to

Hygiene. Candidates may enter for either or bothSections of the Examination provided that Section Ais taken before Section B. (Candidates who are

unsuccessful in Section A will not be debarred frompresenting themselves for Section B). Candidatesmust give 14 days’ notice, in writing, to the Secretaryat the Examination Hall, 8-11, Queen-square, London,W.C.1, and produce at the same time the necessarycertificates of study (after Dec. 18tb, 21 days’ noticewill be required). Candidates must produce evidenceof being in possession of a registrable qualification inMedicine, Surgery, and Midwifery, and of havingattended subsequently to obtaining such registrablequalification :-(i) for admission to Section A :Practical instruction in Pathology, Protozoology,Helminthology, Entomology, and Bacteriology inan Institution recognised for this purpose, togetherwith the clinical practice of a hospital recognised forthe study of Tropical Diseases, during not less thanthree months; (ii) for admission to Section B :Instruction in Tropical Hygiene and Sanitation in an

Institution recognised for this purpose during a furtherperiod of not less than two months. Graduates (M.B.,B.S., or M.D.) in Medicine and Surgery of Indian,Colonial, and foreign Universities recognised by theExamining Board in England, whose degrees are

not registrable in this country, may enter for theExamination for the Diploma in Tropical Medicineand Hygiene on fulfilling the conditions in regard tostudy. These conditions may be modified at thediscretion of the Committee of Management In thecase of a candidate (a) who has been employed in

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foreign (in the case of Naval Medical Officers, one ormore commissions abroad must have been held) orColonial Medical Service, (b) who has been engagedin professional work in tropical countries, (c) whoproduces evidence of having been engaged in originalinvestigations in Tropical Medicine or Hygiene.Further particulars from the Secretary, ExaminationHall, Queen-square, London, W.C.I.

DIPLOMA IN OPHTHALMIC MEDICINE

Special diplomas in ophthalmic medicine andsurgery are issued by two examining bodies.

University of OxfordThe diploma in ophthalmology (D.O.) is granted to

registered medical practitioners after passing an

examination, held annually in June, which is open tocandidates who have pursued at Oxford a course ofstudy in ophthalmology over a period of at least twomonths and who have attended a 12 months’ recognisedhospital course. Further information regarding theserequirements may be obtained from the Dean of theMedical School, University Museum, Oxford.

English Conjoint BoardThe Conjoint Board grants the D.O.M.S. after an

examination held in two parts, twice yearly inFebruary and July. Part I. comprises anatomy andembryology of the visual apparatus, physiology ofvision, and elementary optics. Part II. comprisesoptical defects, ophthalmic medicine and surgery,and pathology with special reference to ophthalmology.The examination in each case is written, oral, andpractical or clinical. Candidates may only enter forPart II. on completion of a year of special study ofophthalmology after obtaining a registrable diplomaor a Degree in Medicine and Surgery of a Universityrecognised by the Board.

DIPLOMA IN MEDICAL RADIOLOGY AND

ELECTROLOGY

University of CambridgeThe D.M.R.E. is open only to those who have held

for at least one year a medical qualification approvedby the Committee. The next course, which beginsearly in October, occupies nine months. The firstthree months, which can be spent either in Cambridgeor in London, are occupied with lectures and practicalwork in Physics, in preparation for the examinationfor Part I. in January, with an introductory coursein Radiology and Electrology. The second threemonths must be spent in London. The course inpreparation for Part II. includes lectures and clinicalinstruction in Radiology and Electrology, with clinicalpractice in the radiological department of a hospitalapproved by the Committee. During this periodinstruction is given in Radium Therapy, a short courseof lectures and clinical instruction being given inconnexion with the National Centre and Post-graduateSchool of Radiotherapy. The examination for PartII. is held in April. During the final three monthsa candidate must hold a clinical clerkship or similarappointment in a radiological department approvedby the Committee, and must then present an exercisein the form of a critical report with notes upon six