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Taxonomy
KINGDOM Animalia PHYLUM Platyhelminthes CLASS Cestoda ORDER cyclophyllidea FAMILY hymenoleopididae GENUS Dipylidium SPECIES caninum
Background
Geographic Range Anywere cats and/or
dogs are present Europe Latin america East asia South aftrica United states
-Definitive host- Dogs- Cats
-Intermediate host- Fleas
-Transmission- Ingestion of infected flea
(humans and animals)- Usually happens while
grooming
Background
-Definitive host- Dogs- Cats
-Intermediate host- Fleas
-Transmission- Ingestion of infected flea (Humans and pets)
- Ctenocephalides canis (dogs)
- Ctenocephalides felis (cats)
- Usually happens while grooming
Structure (adult)
Adult worm ~ 18 in.
Head Scolex With armed rostellum 4 rows of spikes 4 suction discs
Segmented body (barrel shaped) Segments called proglottids Initially trapazoid shaped elongate as gravid proglottis
formed Proglottids contain both male and female sex organs
(hermaphroditic) Posterior proglotids completely filled with egg packets
Dipylidiidae
Life Cycle Breakdown
Intact gravid proglottids pass in feces
Proglottid releases egg packet containing oncospheres
Ingestion of egg pack by flea larva
Oncophere hatces in larva, passes through intestinal wall and developes into cysticercoid in body cavity
Larva mature into adult flea (with infective cysticercoid)
Ingestion of infected flea by cat, dog, or human
Digestion of flea releasing cysticercoid
Cysticercoid developes into adult worm in small intestine and attaches to intestivnal wall
Eventually developes gravid proglottids which are passed in feces
Clinical Signs
Most cases are asymptomatic Including cats/dogs
Severe infections can exhibit: Abdominal pain Diarrhea Itchy anus Urticaria
Red rash / welts Extremely itchy Caused by body’s allergic reaction to worm
antibodies
Diagnosis
Observe gravid proglottids in stool, or near anus White Shaped like cucumber seed\ Usually intact
Observe ova in fecal smear
Treatment
Praziquantil Very effective Tolerated well in both pets and humans Humans = oral Pets = injection
Can dissolve worm so it may not be seen in stool
Control
Vector control!
Control fleas on pet and in pets environment May take up to a month to get rid of all fleas Pet may need more than one treatment
Teach children to wash hands after playing with pets
Dispose of pet waste properly
Work Cited
http://cookislands.bishopmuseum.org/species.asp?id=14558
http://www.stanford.edu/class/humbio103/ParaSites2006/Dipylidiasis/index.htm
http://cal.vet.upenn.edu/projects/parasit06/website/lab6new2009.htm
http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/d/dipylidium_caninum_infection/symptoms.htm
http://www.vetmed.vt.edu/education/curriculum/vm8054/labs/lab14/cases/flea%20dermatitis/dermatitisdiscuss.htm
http://unboundstate.blogspot.com/2011/05/funny-dog-pictures.html
http://www.medicalook.com/Skin_diseases/Urticaria.html
http://www.hillsvet.com/pdf/en-us/tapewormsDipylidiumCaninum_en.pdf
http://casereports.bmj.com/content/2011/bcr.07.2011.4510.abstract