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Direct Challenges to the Authority of the Catholic Church

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By 1500, Renaissance values and ideals threatens church authority Rulers resent the popes attempt to control them German merchants resent church ban on usury

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Early Reformers challenge the Church John Wycliffe John Hus Challenged Popes authority Bible was the word of God Hus was executed Wycliffes body burned

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Martin Luther - Catholic monk in Germany Wrote and posted the 95 Theses (protests): Challenged indulgences and authority of pope

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Salvation won by faith alone Bible is ultimate authority All people equal in faith

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Excommunicated by pope Luther is named a heretic (criminal) by Monarchs Luther found support among German princes Edict (Judgment) of Worms (1521)

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Beginning of Lutheranism Priests - wore ordinary clothesCalled Ministers Sermons delivered in German instead of Latin

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Peasant Revolt (1524) demand an end to serfdom and church tithes War in German States: Protestants v. Catholics: Known as 30 Years War Peace of Augsburg (1555) religion decided by the ruler of each German state (Catholic or Lutheran)

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The Reformer John Calvin in Switzerland Beliefs: - God has chosen, prior to birth who will be saved -Destiny revealed by living a righteous life & work ethic -Creation of one Church -Bible = Predestination Calvinism highest authority Changes in Switzerland

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French Protestants P ractice insecrecy. Persecution was common - King grants religious toleration & peaceful worship in own churches Huguenots Edict Of Nantes Changes in France

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England: King Henry asks pope to annul Pope refuses Calls Parliament to session requests laws to end popes rule in England Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy (1534) King head of Englands Church (Anglican) set aside his marriage Under Elizabeth the National Church of England was recreated with toleration Changes in England

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Check all that apply Area of Reformation Violence New religious tradition (or Church) Monarch or royalty Involved Theologian Involved Resulted in more rel. tolerance Germany or German States England France Switzerland