Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 iii Table of Contents DIRECTOR-GENERAL'S INTRODUCTION VII DRAFT RESOLUTION FOR ADOPTION BY THE CONFERENCE 1 PROGRAMME FRAMEWORK 3 Context 3 Programme Structure 3 Import of Proposals 6 Main Resource Changes in the Programme of Work 6 Distribution of the Proposed Appropriation 8 ZRG Resource Levels 10 Other Strategic Dimensions 10 Distribution of Resources by Strategic Objectives 10 Overview of Planned Outputs 11 Language Balance 14 Priority Areas for Inter-disciplinary Action (PAIAs) 17 Overview of Planned Achievements in 2002-2003 19 BUDGETARY FRAMEWORK 27 Overview of Total Resource Availability 28 Developments Under Extra-budgetary Resources 29 Efficiency Savings and Organizational Changes 32 Efficiency Savings: Input-oriented Measures 32 Efficiency Savings: Process-oriented Measures 33 Posts 35 Programme Change by Organizational Unit 39 Cost Increases 41 Methodology 41 Analysis of Cost Increases 44 Summary of Cost Increases by Budget Component 51 Budget Level and Funding 53 PROGRAMME BUDGET 55 Summary Tables 55 CHAPTER 1: GENERAL POLICY AND DIRECTION 63 Major Programme 1.1: Governing Bodies 63 Programme 1.1.1: Conference and Council 64 Programme 1.1.2: Conference Services 65 Programme 1.1.3: Protocol Services 66
Transcript
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 iii
Table of ContentsDIRECTOR-GENERAL'S INTRODUCTION VIIDRAFT RESOLUTION FOR ADOPTION BY THE CONFERENCE 1PROGRAMME FRAMEWORK 3Context 3Programme Structure 3Import of Proposals 6
Main Resource Changes in the Programme of Work 6Distribution of the Proposed Appropriation 8ZRG Resource Levels 10
Other Strategic Dimensions 10Distribution of Resources by Strategic Objectives 10Overview of Planned Outputs 11Language Balance 14Priority Areas for Inter-disciplinary Action (PAIAs) 17Overview of Planned Achievements in 2002-2003 19
BUDGETARY FRAMEWORK 27Overview of Total Resource Availability 28Developments Under Extra-budgetary Resources 29Efficiency Savings and Organizational Changes 32
Major Programme 1.9: Programme Management 77CHAPTER 2: TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC PROGRAMMES 78Major Programme 2.1: Agricultural Production and Support Systems 79
Intra-departmental Entities 82Programme 2.1.1: Natural Resources 85Programme 2.1.2: Crops 89Programme 2.1.3: Livestock 95Programme 2.1.4: Agricultural Support Systems 100Programme 2.1.5: Agricultural Applications of Isotopes and Biotechnology 103Programme 2.1.9: Programme Management 106
Major Programme 2.2: Food and Agriculture Policy and Development 107Programme 2.2.1: Nutrition 110Programme 2.2.2: Food and Agricultural Information 115Programme 2.2.3: Food and Agricultural Monitoring, Assessments and Outlooks 121Programme 2.2.4: Agriculture, Food Security and Trade Policy 124Programme 2.2.9: Programme Management 128
Major Programme 2.3: Fisheries 128Programme 2.3.1: Fisheries Information 131Programme 2.3.2: Fisheries Resources and Aquaculture 133Programme 2.3.3: Fisheries Exploitation and Utilisation 136Programme 2.3.4: Fisheries Policy 139Programme 2.3.9: Programme Management 142
Major Programme 2.4: Forestry 143Programme 2.4.1: Forest Resources 145Programme 2.4.2: Forest Products 148Programme 2.4.3: Forestry Policy and Planning 150Programme 2.4.4: Forest Programmes Coordination and Information 153Programme 2.4.9: Programme Management 154
Major Programme 2.5: Contributions to Sustainable Development and Special Programme Thrusts 155
Programme 2.5.1: Research, Natural Resources Management and Technology Transfer157
Programme 2.5.2: Gender and Population 162Programme 2.5.3: Rural Development 165Programme 2.5.6: Food Production in Support of Food Security in LIFDCs 168Programme 2.5.9: Programme Management 170
Programme 3.1.1: Coordination of Policy Assistance and Field Programme Development174
Programme 3.1.2: Policy Assistance to Various Regions 177Programme 3.1.3: Legal Assistance to Member Nations 179
Major Programme 3.2: Support to Investment 180Programme 3.2.1: FAO/World Bank Cooperative Programme 183Programme 3.2.2: Investment Support Programme 184
Major Programme 3.3: Field Operations 185Programme 3.3.1: Field Operations in Various Regions 187Programme 3.3.2: Central Support and Special Activities 187Programme 3.3.3: Emergency Response Operations 189
Major Programme 3.4: FAO Representatives 189Major Programme 3.5: Cooperation with External Partners 192
Programme 3.5.1: Multilateral and Bilateral Agencies 192Programme 3.5.2: Civil Society Awareness and Partnerships 193Programme 3.5.3: Cooperation Agreements with Member Nations and Support toECDC and TCDC 195Major Programme 3.9: Programme Management 196
CHAPTER 4: TECHNICAL COOPERATION PROGRAMME 197CHAPTER 5: SUPPORT SERVICES 203Major Programme 5.1: Information and Publications Support 203
Programme 5.1.1: Public Information and Publications Support 204Major Programme 5.2: Administration 207
Programme 5.2.1: Financial Services 208Programme 5.2.2: Information Systems and Technology Services 209Programme 5.2.3: Human Resources Services 211Programme 5.2.9: Programme Management 213
CHAPTER 6: COMMON SERVICES 215CHAPTER 7: CONTINGENCIES 217CHAPTER 8: TRANSFER TO TAX EQUALIZATION FUND 219REGIONAL DIMENSIONS 221ACRONYMS 235ANNEXES 243Annex I: Regular Programme-funded New Posts and Abolitions 244Annex II: Information Products Revolving Fund 250Annex III: List of Scheduled Sessions 251
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 vii
Director-General's IntroductionI have the honour to submit to the Conference proposals for the Programme of Work and Budget for 2002-2003.Members will recall that at the last Conference they adopted the Strategic Framework covering the period 2000-2015. This landmark document not only set out, for the first time, the major policy orientations for the Organization over the longer term, but also laid down the essential elements of an enhanced programming and accountability process. Accordingly, the Medium Term Plan (MTP) proposed a programme over the shorter horizon of 2002-2007 which directly addressed the twelve Strategic Objectives set out in the Strategic Framework. The programme detailed in the MTP was endorsed by the Council in November 2000, as the blueprint of what FAO should do for the next six years.Therefore, the formulation of this biennial Programme of Work and Budget has had the advantage of being firmly based in these two documents. It has also benefited from the complementary guidance on sectoral priorities provided at the sessions of the Technical Committees of the Council held in the early part of 2001.In the Summary PWB, I highlighted the additional demands that were being placed upon the Organization both as a result of the need for support to the Membership in meeting the
commitments made at the World Food Summit (WFS), and consequent upon the outcome of the Regional Conferences and the various meetings of the Committees of the Council and the Council itself. I will not repeat these here – suffice it to say that there has been no respite in the demand for FAO's services.The Summary PWB proposals presented to the 120th session of the Council in June 2001, through the Programme and Finance Committees, were framed precisely to respond to the maximum extent possible to these demands. They embodied a real growth percentage level of 5.4 percent over the present approved budget at constant cost levels and at the same budget rate of exchange – a compromise which some Members criticised given their endorsement of the increase of 9.6 percent which was indicated in the MTP as highly desirable for the 2002-2003 biennium.I explained then why the Executive Head of an Organization charged with such an important mandate as the eradication of hunger and malnutrition, considered it his duty to invite the Membership to accept resumption of real growth under its Regular Budget. The same compelling logic obliges me to reiterate this invitation in the context of these full PWB proposals and to seek acceptance of real growth in the order of US$ 35.5 million.
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In short, when the annual rate of reduction in the number of under-nourished in the world is woefully inadequate in the light of the already conservative target agreed at the World Food Summit; after having exhausted realistic, as opposed to theoretical and potentially disruptive, possibilities offered by structural reforms and efficiency measures to cope with a protracted situation of declining resources; and given the impressive list of demands placed on FAO, which I presume the Membership wants translated into tangible actions and not to remain pious hopes, surely the same Membership should be prepared to allocate more resources to this Organization after more than eight years of budgetary decline and stagnation?Yet, there was no agreement on the budget level at the last Council. This lack of consensus was accompanied by requests from some Members that several scenarios be prepared, including one for zero nominal growth. However, in the absence of any indication of where the reductions could be made to achieve such a scenario, I have been unable to meet that request.Turning to the programme content of the proposals in this full PWB document, I note that most Members of the Council supported the balance proposed in the strengthening of FAO's technical programmes when considering the Summary PWB. Hence the proposals before you embody priorities in the same vein as those in the Summary, with some adjustments to take
account of recommendations made at the Council, particularly as regards the relative allocations for fisheries and forestry, as well as for the TCP. The major highlights remain: to allow for selective increases under high priority technical activities; to raise the share of the TCP Appropriation as requested by the majority of Members; and to strengthen the breadth and depth of FAO's work at the country level.As advised to the Council in June, the consequences of a possible zero real growth scenario are explained in the document.I now turn to the other two factors which affect the level of assessed contributions on Members: cost increases and the exchange rate.It is recalled that the Secretariat provided a supplementary paper to the Council with the latest data on cost increases which at that time were estimated at US$ 49 million assuming the budget rate of exchange for the current biennium of 1=US$ 1.0327 (US$ 1=Lire 1875). The same supplement also provided an initial calculation of the effect of the stronger US dollar on the cost increases but did not anticipate at that time the much more favourable rates experienced during July.The wide variations in exchange rates and hence in the amount required for cost increases are of great concern to me. This is particularly so when virtually all of the professional advice on the subject suggests that at such rates the US dollar is over-valued
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 ix
and that some weakening is expected over the forthcoming months. Such a weakening would reduce the purchasing power of whatever amount is eventually approved for the budget, and therefore I have concluded that it is in the interest of the Organization (i.e. the Members and the Secretariat which serves it) that we take advantage of the strength of the US dollar by entering into a forward purchase contract to cover our Euro requirements at current expenditure rates for the entire biennium 2002-03.I am pleased to report that this has been accomplished at an effective average rate of 1=US$ 0.88 (US$ 1=Lire 2,200) which I propose also be used as the budget rate of exchange, given that the contract guarantees this rate for the two year period covered by the proposed budget. For this reason, cost increases are calculated and applied at this rate of exchange throughout the document.The good news arising from this action is that cost increases are now estimated to be slightly over US$ 3.2 million, with the consequence that they have a limited effect on the assessed contribution of Members. In fact, the net increase sought is 6.0% covering both the growth proposals in the document and inflationary trends.I would like to turn briefly to the format of the PWB, where we are continuing with improvements in the light of Members' comments. I therefore draw the main points to your attention:
the new programme model is now being fully applied in the PWB as was pioneered in the MTP;
this implies a reduced amount of programme justification in the document so as to avoid duplication of the material provided in the MTP – however, details of every output to be produced are available on FAO's website at www.fao.org/pwb in a searchable database - post facto implementation reporting will track the status of each of these biennial outputs;
in response to several requests and in addition to the usual quantitative information which can be found on the FAO's website at the same address, a narrative has been included under the heading of Regional Dimensions to enable interested Members to perceive how the corporate programme will benefit the regions; and
a commentary on extra-budgetary resources has been provided for each technical programme as suggested by the Programme Committee.
Such changes are not a matter of policy but I mention them to remind Members of our desire to be as responsive as possible to their concerns.In conclusion, I look forward to the Members of this Organization renewing their World Food Summit commitment as expressed in 1996 at the highest political level. This opportunity
will come into being through the World Food Summit: five years later, which will take place during the Conference. I trust they will also renew their expectation that FAO should contribute – albeit modestly – to supporting their own efforts and continue to serve as an international forum in its important domains of competence. It follows that I hope that Members, in renewing that commitment, will recognise the consistency between that act and the need to approve additional resources for the work of this Organization.In this Introduction to the PWB proposals, I have chosen to use words in full consonance with what my conscience dictates I advise the membership at the current juncture. Managers are aware that when making the case for needed increases of resources to the stakeholders, they take a measured risk of being criticised or misunderstood. I accept that risk, trusting that the message
will be considered on its merits. The final decision, as always, belongs to the Members assembled in the Conference.
Jacques DioufDirector-General
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 1
Draft Resolution for Adoption by the Conference
Budgetary Appropriations 2002-03THE CONFERENCE
2 Draft Resolution for Adoption by the Conference
Having considered the Director-General's Programme of Work and Budget:
1. Approves a total net Appropriation of US$ 688 705 000 for the financial period 2002 - 03
(a)
Appropriations* are voted for the following purposes:
US$Chapter 1: General Policy and Direction 53 047 000Chapter 2: Technical and Economic Programmes 306 539 000Chapter 3: Cooperation and Partnerships 127 307 000Chapter 4: Technical Cooperation Programme 105 854 000Chapter 5: Support Services 56 963 000Chapter 6: Common Services 38 395 000Chapter 7: Contingencies 600 000Total Appropriation (Net) 688 705 000Chapter 8: Transfer to Tax Equalization Fund 96 039 000Total Appropriation (Gross) 784 744 000
(b)
The appropriations (gross) voted in paragraph (a) above, shall be financed by assessments on Member Nations, after deduction of Miscellaneous Income in the amount of US$ 6 695 000, thus resulting in assessments against Member Nations of US$ 778 049 000.
(c)
In establishing the actual amounts of contributions to be paid by individual Member Nations, the assessment of each Member Nation shall be reduced by any amount standing to its credit in the Tax Equalization Fund provided that the credit of a Member Nation that levies taxes on the salaries, emoluments and indemnities received from FAO by staff members shall be reduced by the estimated amounts of such taxes to be reimbursed to the staff member by FAO. An estimate of US$ 3 000 000 has been withheld for this purpose.
(d)
The contributions due from Member Nations in 2002 and 2003 shall be paid in accordance with the scale adopted by the Conference at its Thirty-first session, which contributions, after the deduction of amounts standing to the credit of Member Nations in the Tax Equalization Fund, result in net amounts payable totalling US$ 685 010 000.
*Calculated at 1 = US$ 0.880 (Lira 2,200 = US$ 1)
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 3
Programme FrameworkContext
1. As stressed in the Director-General's Introduction, the formulation of this Programme of Work and Budget (PWB) was facilitated by the assessment of long-term trends and the attendant policy orientations set out in the Strategic Framework 2000-2015, and endorsed by the last session of the FAO Conference. The PWB, moreover, builds on the substance of the Medium Term Plan1 (MTP) 2002-2007, which translated the Strategic Framework into a six-year programme, defined in terms of constituent programme entities. These entities have a rationale, objectives, major outputs and indicators, as well as an indication of the timeframe and of overall resources required. The 119th session of the Council in November 2000, in effect, invited the Secretariat to prepare the PWB taking as a starting point, the substantive content of the MTP. Thus, the formulation of proposals for the next biennium became essentially a matter of fine-tuning of planned outputs and staffing requirements – in conformity with the revised programme budget process endorsed by the Conference.
2. This fine-tuning took place through the usual process of detailed submissions by all Headquarters departments and offices, as well as Regional and Sub-regional Offices in response to senior management's guidance. These submissions were reviewed, and key features discussed at policy level, during a series of "budget hearings". Due attention was paid to consultations with offices outside Headquarters through regional videoconferences, in addition to the day-to-day contacts between outposted teams and their counterpart departments and divisions.
3. Finally, the views and recommendations of the Technical Committees of the Council at their 2001 sessions, in particular those of the Committees on Agriculture (COAG), Fisheries (COFI) and Forestry (COFO) and, to a lesser extent, the Committees on World Food Security (CFS) and on Commodity Problems (CCP) were taken into account. These Committees called for strengthening of FAO's action in a large number of substantive areas, the Committees on Fisheries and Forestry in particular inviting "preferential" treatment to be given in relative terms to their respective sectors. To this recent inter-governmental guidance, must be added the deliberations of the FAO Regional Conferences held in 2000. The total sum of these recommendations would translate into a substantial additional workload, as was intimated to the 120th session of the Council in June 2001, through a specially-prepared information document2. Nevertheless, the real growth proposals presented in this
1 CL 119/172 CL 120/INF/17
4 Programme Framework
PWB document, are expected to go a long way towards giving justice to the cumulative demands expressed by these Bodies.
Programme Structure4. The articulation of the PWB proposals under substantive programmes in terms of constituent entities is very similar to that indicated in the MTP 2002-2007 submitted to, and endorsed by the 119th session of the Council in November 2000, with rare exceptions to take account of developments since the latter document was formulated.
5. The principles of the enhanced programme approach approved by the FAO Conference are worth recalling below. Accordingly, the "building blocks" of FAO's substantive work fall under three categories:
a) technical projects (identified by codes 2XXA1 to 2XXO9 – under Chapter 2), which have the following general characteristics: a duration of up to six years; precise time-bound objectives defined in terms of the use which target users will make of outputs; definition of the major outputs; demonstrable effectiveness criteria and indicators; specification of target users and of linkages with partners – both internal and external – that will be necessary to achieve these objectives;
b) continuing programme activities (identified by codes 2XXP1 to 2XXR9), which vary from technical projects primarily because they are activities of an ongoing nature that are not amenable to time bound objectives (e.g. collection of statistical time series), while the same approach concerning effectiveness criteria, user focus and linkages applies; and
c) technical services agreements (identified by codes 2XXS1 to 2XXZ9), the third type of entity which is designed to cover demand-oriented services, such as advisory services to Members or technical support services (TSS) to projects and can include servicing of regular meetings.
6. As several important aspects in the design of the above entities, such as rationale, indicators and partnerships, were specified in the Medium Term Plan and associated database available on FAO's website, for the sake of brevity, the narratives for individual entities in the Programme Budget section are limited to statements of objective(s) and summaries of outputs planned for the next biennium labelled "Approach". While the objectives are generally "lifted" from the MTP, some rephrasing by the concerned units, has taken place to make them more concrete or understandable by non-specialist audiences. As recalled in the Director-General's Introduction, more detailed lists of biennial outputs are available on FAO's website at the address http://www.fao.org/pwb.
7. If comparison is made with the predecessor PWB 2000-2001, it may be noted that when the MTP was prepared during the year 2000 and subsequently, to take account of Programme Committee's comments, there were instances where programme entity numbers were changed, generally because a programme entity in the form of technical project or technical service agreement was converted to a continuing programme activity or vice versa. As a result, some programme entities have been renumbered in the base for PWB 2002-03, as follows:
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 5
Table of Renumbered Programme EntitiesPWB 2000-01 PWB 2002-03
221P1 Food and Nutrition Assessment 221A1 Human Nutrition Requirements221P2 Nutrition Policy at Country Level 221A2 Nutrition Improvement for Sustainable
Development221P3 Nutrition Programmes 221A4 Community Action for Improved
Household Food Security and Nutrition222P7 Virtual Library Support and Information
Management222P9 Virtual Library Information Services
244P2 Support to Initiatives in the Follow-up to UNCED
244A1 Follow-up to UNCED and International Forestry Processes
251P2 Cross-sectoral Mechanisms for Implementation of Agenda 21, International Environmental Conventions, Agreements and Obligations
251A6 Support to Environmental Agreements and Promotion of Integrated Environmental Planning and Management
256A1 SPFS Formulation 256P2 SPFS Formulation256A2 SPFS Implementation 256P3 SPFS Implementation311S1 Direct Support to Agricultural Policy
Work in the Regions311P4 Coordination of Country Focus
311S3 Support to Building In-house Capacity in Food and Agricultural Policy Analysis
311A1 Development of On-line Training Capacity in Food, Agriculture and Rural Development Policy and Planning
312S2 Support and Training in Sector/Sub-sector and Specific Agricultural Policies
312P3 Advice and Capacity Building in Agricultural Policies
31900 Programme Management 319S2 Divisional Direction
8. There is no change at the "macro level" of chapter, major programme, programme or sub-programme (in non-substantive areas) headings, except for Programme 3.1.1, now entitled Coordination of Policy Assistance and Field Programme Development to better reflect its increasing emphasis on field programme development.
6 Programme Framework
Import of Proposals9. The following table describes the proposed distribution of resources at the level of the Programme of Work (i.e. the gross budget including resources from other income) prior to the addition of anticipated cost increases.Proposed Overall Resources Allocation for the Programme of Work (RG Before Cost Increases)
Major 2000-01 2002-03Programme Description Programme Programme Change Programmeand Chapter of Work of Work
US$ 000 US$ 000 % US$ 000
11 Governing Bodies 17,671 41 0.2% 17,71212 Policy, Direction and Planning 22,479 1,533 6.8% 24,01213 External Coordination and Liaison 13,140 (9) (0.1%) 13,13119 Programme Management 789 29 3.7% 818Chapter 1 General Policy and Direction 54,079 1,594 2.9% 55,67321 Agricultural Production and
Support Systems 89,372 5,351 6.0% 94,72322 Food and Agriculture Policy and
Development 87,047 4,229 4.9% 91,27623 Fisheries 39,231 2,605 6.6% 41,83624 Forestry 30,439 2,175 7.1% 32,61425 Contributions to Sustainable
Development and Special Programme Thrusts 52,575 2,145 4.1% 54,720
Chapter 2 Technical and Economic Programmes 298,664 16,505 5.5% 315,169
31 Policy Assistance 27,042 1,195 4.4% 28,23732 Support to Investment 46,546 12 0.0% 46,55833 Field Operations 23,879 (4,331) (18.1%) 19,54834 FAO Representatives 72,403 5,540 7.7% 77,94335 Cooperation with External
10. In line with the decisions of the Joint Meeting of the Programme and Finance Committees to integrate "other" income into the PWB (adopted since the PWB 1998-99), tables throughout the document, especially in the section Programme Budget, deal with the Programme of Work. Resource changes over the PWB 2000-01 are explained in the latter section, as appropriate. The following summary covers the main programme changes at the level of the overall Programme of Work.
Chapter 1 - General Policy and Direction11. The major change under Major Programme 1.2, Policy, Direction and Planning, is attributable to the cost of rebuilding the Organization's Computerized Programme Planning and Budgeting System (PLANSYS). Amongst several offsetting changes, there is deliberate action to strengthen conference operations and to re-engineer language services to benefit from advanced technology, coupled with some required increases for the Offices of the Director-General and of the Inspector-General.
Chapter 2 - Technical and Economic Programmes12. In line with the substantive content of the Medium Term Plan 2002-2007 and the pertinent recommendations of the Technical Committees of the Council, this chapter would benefit from a significant boost of resources, albeit at a lower level than that indicated for the biennium 2002-2003 in the MTP. Particular attention has been given to the major programmes on Fisheries and Forestry which show increases of 6.6% and 7.1% respectively. In effect, these have been reinforced in relative terms, even since the stage of the Summary Programme of Work and Budget, to respond to attendant requests. While Major Programme 2.1, Agricultural Production and Support Systems, shows an increase of 6.0%, this includes the effect of decisions taken at the last FAO Conference concerning the Rotterdam Convention and the Near East Desert Locust Commission (see details under programme entities 212P2 and 212A4 respectively) as well as the fact that this programme plays host to the amount of US$ 0.9 million set aside as central support to Priority Areas for Inter-disciplinary Action (PAIAs) under 210S5. If these exceptional entries are discounted, the underlying increase to Major Programme 2.1 is closer to 4.6%. At the same time, attention was paid to more balanced use of FAO languages in planned substantive outputs.
13. It is clearly not possible to provide here an exhaustive list of the substantive priorities embodied in these PWB proposals in response to expressed demands of the membership. Nevertheless, it is worth highlighting the following:
a) the implementation of essential instruments such as the International Undertaking on Plant Genetic Resources, the International Plant Protection Convention, the Rotterdam Convention on chemicals and pesticides serviced by its Interim Secretariat, and the Codex Alimentarius;
8 Programme Framework
b) support to cooperation and action on food safety, both regarding outbreaks of animal diseases and food contamination, also addressing phytosanitary and biotechnology issues;
c) advisory and training services in trade-related policy, particularly in the context of important negotiations;
d) support to the establishment of effective national regulatory frameworks to allow all countries to avoid being excluded from the benefits of globalisation, and more generally to underpin their development efforts in all areas of FAO's mandate;
e) the implementation of national Food Insecurity and Vulnerability Information and Mapping Systems (FIVIMS);
f) support to the Administrative Committee on Coordination (ACC) Network on Rural Development and Food Security, especially as the vehicle to reflect food security concerns in UN/World Bank country planning frameworks;
g) assessing the policy implications of HIV/AIDS on agriculture and rural development;
h) information dissemination to a broad range of users, inter alia through a continuously expanding website and a strengthened World Agricultural Information Centre (WAICENT) with its vast store of data on agriculture, fisheries and forestry;
i) the implementation of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries and the International Plans of Action (IPOAs) endorsed by COFI;
j) forest resource assessment work and forestry outlook studies;k) support to the UN Forum on Forests (UNFF) and the Collaborative
Partnership on Forests (CPF); andl) assistance to countries in meeting the commitments of the World Food
Summit, including through the extension of the Special Programme for Food Security (SPFS).
Chapter 3 - Cooperation and Partnerships14. There are quite complex movements within this chapter, including net reduction in field operations services, especially in the Regional Offices, as well as further savings from the restructuring of the Technical Cooperation Department (TC), while additional resources are provided:
a) to strengthen the FAORs;b) for policy assistance; andc) to develop the Field Programme Management Information System
(FPMIS).
Chapter 4 - Technical Cooperation Programme15. The additional resources aim to increase the share of this chapter to the budget at the same proportional level as indicated in the MTP for the 2002-2003 biennium, which reflected the need to respond to Conference Resolution 9/89.
Chapter 5 - Support Services16. The main change under Major Programme 5.1, Information and Publications Support, is attributable to the reinforcement of public information activities in the Liaison Office in Washington and at Headquarters, in accord with the strategy for Communicating FAO's
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 9
messages. The increase under Major Programme 5.2, Administration, reflects additional resources for the restructured Finance Division (AFF) and further funding to meet development costs of FAO's administrative and financial systems. This is partially offset by staff reductions in the newly-established Management Support Service (MSS) and in the Personnel Division (AFP), as well as a transfer of the Administrative Services Division (AFS) direction's cost and Regional Offices' Management Support Unit (MSU) costs to other chapters.
Chapter 6 - Common Services17. Changes are principally on account of transfers from Chapter 5.
Distribution of the Proposed Appropriation
18. The following table examines the net impact on the Appropriation (i.e. consistent with the preceding Draft Resolution on Budgetary Appropriations for 2002-2003) including cost increases which have been calculated at 1 = US$ 0.880 (or US$ 1 = Lira 2,200). Calculation of cost increases is covered under the following section Budgetary Framework. The Appropriation is arrived at by deducting "Other Income" from the Programme of Work. While the movements under "Programme Change" are substantively the same in programme terms, the influence of changes in "Other Income" becomes apparent. The main variances between this and the previous table are explained below.
10 Programme Framework
Proposed Allocation for the Appropriation (RG Including Cost Increases)
Major 2000-01 Programme Cost 2002-03Programme Description Budget Change Increases Budgetand Chapter after Cost
Increases
11 Governing Bodies 17,671 41 (682) 17,03012 Policy, Direction and Planning 19,728 1,651 (344) 21,03513 External Coordination and Liaison 12,703 (9) 1,557 14,25119 Programme Management 789 29 (87) 731Chapter 1 General Policy and Direction 50,891 1,712 444 53,04721 Agricultural Production and
Support Systems 88,093 5,348 887 94,32822 Food and Agriculture Policy and
Development 85,560 4,212 (1,346) 88,42623 Fisheries 38,556 2,657 (146) 41,06724 Forestry 29,699 2,464 (82) 32,08125 Contributions to Sustainable
Development and Special Programme Thrusts 47,261 3,057 319 50,637
Chapter 2 Technical and Economic Programmes 289,169 17,738 (368) 306,539
31 Policy Assistance 26,201 1,313 696 28,21032 Support to Investment 18,839 (803) 168 18,20433 Field Operations 4,955 (1,412) (105) 3,43834 FAO Representatives 63,666 1,820 2,995 68,48135 Cooperation with External
19. Major reductions in income which have been reflected, can be explained as follows:
a) the Appropriation for Major Programme 2.4, Forestry, anticipates a reduction in budgeted income from the reimbursement of technical support services to the field programme which has not been matched by a corresponding reduction in the Programme of Work in view of the priority accorded to this major programme;
b) the Appropriation for Major Programme 2.5, Contributions to Sustainable Development and Special Programme Thrusts, reflects the decline of support from the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) in relation to FAO's work on population activities;
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 11
c) besides the substantial decline under the Programme of Work arising from restructuring measures, Major Programme 3.3, Field Operations, shows a smaller decline under the Appropriation due to the impact of lower AOS income, which has decreased both in overall terms and in the amount allocated to this major programme; and
12 Programme Framework
d) Major Programme 3.4, FAO Representatives, shows a smaller increase under the Appropriation than under the Programme of Work, on account of an increase in AOS income allocated to this major programme. This is appropriate since the transfer of project operational responsibilities to the country level implies that FAOR offices would now generate a larger share of AOS income.
20. It is recalled that since the stage of the Summary Programme of Work and Budget, the allocations for Fisheries and Forestry as well as for the Technical Cooperation Programme have been further strengthened in relative terms (i.e. higher net programme changes).
ZRG Resource Levels
21. Given the interest of some countries in seeing alternative proposals, a possible zero real growth (ZRG) "scenario" for 2002-03 was intimated to the 120th session of the Council in June 2001. While the Director-General makes clear in his Introduction the justifications for the real growth proposals embodied in this document, in similar vein, possible zero real growth levels are also indicated throughout the Programme Budget section, together with descriptions of the eventual impact of these levels, in text boxes at appropriate places.
22. The breakdown by budgetary chapter of both the Programme of Work and the Appropriation at ZRG levels are given below, set against the real growth proposals in this PWB.Real Growth and Zero Real Growth Comparative Table
Real Growth (RG) Zero Real Growth (ZRG) Reduction in
Chapter Programme of
Appropriation
Programme of
Appropriation
Programme of
Work Work Work fromRG to ZRG
1 General Policy and Direction 56,117 53,047 54,893 51,823 (1,224)2 Technical and Economic
23. The Medium Term Plan 2002-2007 included information on the distribution of resources for substantive programmes (i.e. those under Chapter 2, Technical and Economic Programmes, and Major
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 13
Programme 3.1, Policy Assistance) across the 12 objectives of the Strategic Framework (labelled A1 to E3 and listed on the back cover of this document).
24. The following table supplements the information provided in the MTP (adjusted to the first biennium 2002-2003 for comparative purposes) with similar breakdowns for the present Programme of Work and Budget proposals.Substantive Programmes – Distribution of Resources by Strategic Objectives*
Medium Term Plan 2002-20072.1 Agricultural Production and Support
Systems
2.2 Food and Agriculture Policy and Development
2.3 Fisheries
2.4 Forestry
2.5 Contributions to Sustainable Development and Special Programme Thrusts
3.1 Policy Assistance
Programme of Work and Budget Proposals2.1 Agricultural Production and Support
Systems
2.2 Food and Agriculture Policy and Development
2.3 Fisheries
2.4 Forestry
2.5 Contributions to Sustainable Development and Special Programme Thrusts
3.1 Policy Assistance
Legend
Greater than zero, less than US$ 2 million
US$ 2 million to 4million
US$ 4 million to 8million
More than US$ 8million
*(see back cover for detail of each strategic objective)
25. The resource breakdowns across strategic objectives are - not unexpectedly – broadly similar, although minor differences can be explained by the fact that lower resource levels characterise PWB proposals compared to the tentative resource distribution pattern in the MTP.
26. Individual tables showing the distribution of resources in relation to each of the twelve strategic objectives are provided at the beginning of each major programme in Chapter 2 and for Major Programme 3.1.
14 Programme Framework
Overview of Planned Outputs
27. Specific biennial outputs are planned for implementation during 2002-03 under the technical and economic programmes. Outputs are defined as the goods and services which the Organization produces - always in the context of the objectives established in the Medium Term Plan and ultimately as a contribution to the achievement of the Strategic Objectives of the Organization, as approved by the Conference in the Strategic Framework 2000-2015. These outputs form the basis for programme implementation during the biennium, as well as subsequent reporting in the Programme Implementation Report. Details concerning the biennial outputs are provided in the 2002-03 Planned Outputs Database on the Internet at the address http://www.fao.org/pwb.
28. The analysis which follows is of a purely quantitative nature (numbers of ouputs) which is not necessarily a reflection of either resources or effort required. However, it provides a broad picture of the nature and volume of goods and services produced by the Organization.
Distribution by Major Programmes29. Major Programme 2.2, Food and Agriculture Policy and Development, with 26 percent of the total has the largest number of planned outputs, followed closely by Major Programme 2.1, Agricultural Production and Support Systems, at 25 percent, as shown in the following chart. Headquarters technical divisions will be responsible for the implementation of 78 percent of the outputs, Regional Offices for 16 percent and Sub-regional Offices for the remaining 6 percent. The latter figures for decentralized offices are lower than might be expected, since they are based upon the lead division/office for individual outputs and, therefore, do not take into account the many contributions of the decentralized offices to outputs which are attributed to Headquarters' units.
Distribution by Type30. The distribution of biennial outputs by type is shown in the following chart. Coordination and information exchange, with 25 percent of the total, accounts for the largest portion of the outputs, followed by Direct advice to Members and field programme support with 18 percent. Information products, systems and databases; Methodologies and guidelines; and Studies and analyses also account for a significant portion of outputs, each with between 14 and 17 percent of the total.
Coordination and information exchange31. Networks, expert consultations, task forces and working groups are generally the main means by which coordination and information exchange is supported. Nearly all cooperation work with other UN organizations is included under this type of output. Major Programmes 2.1, Agricultural Production and Support Systems, 2.2, Food and Agriculture Policy and Development, and 2.4, Forestry, each account for about 20 percent of the coordination and information exchange outputs planned. However, this type of output is an important component of all major programmes, making up between 20 to 37 percent of the total outputs of each major programme. About 75 percent of these outputs will be undertaken by Headquarters divisions.
Direct advice to Members and field programme support32. Direct advice to Members and field programme support are generally undertaken upon request and, therefore, specific outputs are
16 Programme Framework
difficult to plan in advance. Implementation has often diverged significantly from work planned, therefore, outputs of this type foreseen for 2002-03 should be considered as indicative. This category is an important component of all programmes and is particularly significant for Major Programme 3.1, Policy Assistance, which produces nearly 50 percent of the planned outputs. The decentralized offices also have a strong role in undertaking this type of outputs, accounting for about 50 percent of the total.
Information products, systems and databases33. Information products, systems and databases are increasingly being made available on CD-ROM and over the Internet, in addition to more traditional publications. Major Programme 2.2, Food and Agriculture Policy and Development, accounts for over 35 percent of these outputs, and 25 percent of this major programme's outputs are of this type. This is explained, in particular, by the influence of WAICENT. Nearly 90 percent of the information products, systems and database outputs are planned to be carried out by Headquarters divisions.
International undertakings and agreements34. Outputs of this type make up only 4 percent of the total planned for 2002-03. However, they are quite important, focusing on areas such as plant protection; the International Code of Conduct on the Distribution and Use of Pesticides; plant and animal genetic resources; phytosanitary measures; Codex Alimentarius; and the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries and IPOAs on fisheries. Major Programme 2.2, Food and Agriculture Policy and Development, accounts for over 35 percent of the outputs related to international undertakings and agreements, followed by Major Programmes 2.1, Agricultural Production and Support Systems, with 28 percent and 2.3, Fisheries, with 18 percent. Over 90 percent of the outputs of this type will be carried out by Headquarters divisions.
Methodologies and guidelines35. Methodologies and guidelines generally involve initial formulation work, followed by expert panel reviews and pilot testing before they are ready for dissemination. In the past, the time and effort required for the production of methodologies and guidelines has often been underestimated resulting in relatively low levels of delivery of this type of output. For 2002-03, methodologies and guidelines, at 14 percent of the total, make up a smaller proportion than in the past, when they often accounted for over 20 percent of planned outputs. Major Programme 2.1 accounts for over 30 percent of the outputs related to methodologies and guidelines followed by Major Programme 2.3 with 22 percent. About 90 percent of these will be carried out by Headquarters divisions.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 17
Studies and analyses36. Studies and analyses encompass a broad range of activities, e.g. conceptualisation of issues, assessment of techniques and results, analytical work and case studies. Major Programme 2.1 accounts for 28 percent of the outputs of this type, followed by Major Programme 2.2 at 24 percent. This type of output is an important component of all major programmes, making up between 11 to 19 percent of the total outputs of each major programme. About 85 percent of the studies and analyses outputs will be undertaken by Headquarters divisions.
Training37. Training outputs include both the preparation of training materials and the delivery of training, directly or through distance-learning activities. Often individual training outputs include several discrete training courses. Therefore, the total training effort should not be perceived solely through counts of outputs of this type. Major Programme 2.1 accounts for over 38 percent, and decentralized offices have a important role, accounting for nearly 25 percent, of the biennial outputs of this type.
Language Balance
38. Attention to ensuring balanced use of FAO languages in all areas of work will continue in 2002-03. Significant efforts have already been made in the 2000-01 biennium towards improving language balance, in line with guidance provided by the Council at its June 1999 session and by the Conference. These efforts are reflected in the following chart and table. Publications in Arabic and Chinese have made strong gains in 2000 and 2001, while the proportion of publications in French and Spanish has remained at about the same level as in the recent past. However, the figures for 2001 should be treated with some caution, since they reflect only publications produced between January and June 2001.
18 Programme Framework
39. Also, the figures for 2002-03 are based upon planned publications by FAO units and do not include additional language versions which may result from the special provision available through programme entity 222P5, Programme for the Improvement of Language Coverage. Publications in Arabic and Chinese are, in particular, assisted by this provision. In the PWB 2000-01, Arabic publications were planned at 6.1% of the total, while actual achievement is expected to exceed 8%. For Chinese, planned publications were at 2.4% of the total, while actual achievement is expected to exceed 8% as well. Publications in Chinese
are also enhanced through the standing arrangement for translation by the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
40. During 2002-03, publications in Arabic and Chinese are expected to consolidate the gains made in 2000-2001, whereas the share of English is
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 19
expected to drop in proportion to the total publication programme towards the more appropriate level of 1996, when budget restrictions began and unduly led to lower volumes of translation into other languages. Publication production in French and Spanish is expected to remain close to the levels experienced over the past years.
41. The following graph and table illustrate similar efforts to improve language coverage as regards documentation for meetings (which mirrors closely the spread of interpretation services). Chinese language coverage in meetings documentation is expected to continue to improve, while the percentage share of English to all meetings documentation will
42. Beyond the planned gradual improvements described above as regards documents and meetings, additional measures are included in the PWB 2002-03, as follows:
Allocation of Incremental Resources43. A provision of US$ 2.1 million is made under entity 222P5, Programme for the Improvement of Language Coverage. This amount
20 Programme Framework
will be administered by the General Affairs and Information Department (GI) under the policy guidance of the Corporate Communication Committee (CCC). These additional resources will be applied to, inter alia, filling gaps in language coverage for priority publications and interpretation for meetings; and the extension of language coverage in WAICENT.
Impact of Improved Financial Arrangements44. The central management of multilingual editorial services in the Information Division (GII) was one of the actions approved in the PWB 2000-01. Since its introduction in 2000, it has helped FAO units to utilise more fully these services for publications, leading to improvements in the quality of the various language versions. Efforts in this regard will continue in 2002-03.
Other Steps45. The two P-2 Translator posts approved in the PWB 2000-01 have allowed the French and Spanish teams to reduce the high ratio of translation work done by external contractors in these two languages, leading to improved quality of output without impact on costs.
46. Also the two posts (i.e. one Arabic Language Editor and one French Language Production Clerk) approved in the PWB 2000-01 have enhanced the capacity to produce the relevant language versions of Cerestronic, i.e. the current information material put on FAO's website, which had previously been handled on an ad hoc basis. A further new post of Arabic Editor is proposed for 2002-03. Measures to improve the language skills of staff, developed by the Personnel Division (AFP) during 2000-01, will be actively pursued.
47. The issue of language use in FAO will be kept under review by the CCC to ensure that all departments and offices pay due attention to improving language coverage in the substantive activities of the Organization. Progress will be reported regularly to the Governing Bodies through the Programme Implementation Report (PIR), as recommended by the 81st session of Programme Committee.
48. In summary, the Programme of Work and Budget proposals seek to pursue improved language coverage in the biennial programme of publications and meetings, continue the special provision to stimulate additional language coverage, and include appropriate staffing arrangements for translation and multilingual editorial work. By these means, further progress should be achieved in this important aspect of FAO's work.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 21
Priority Areas for Inter-disciplinary Action (PAIAs)
Background
49. The Medium Term Plan 2002-2007 gave due emphasis to needed cooperation across departments, in order to respond to the call in the Strategic Framework for enhanced multi-disciplinary approaches. Sixteen Priority Areas for Inter-disciplinary Action (PAIAs) were singled out, and are recalled below under the corporate strategies on which they are largely focused, bearing in mind that several also contribute to other strategies.
A - Contributing to the eradication of food insecurity and rural poverty
a) Local Institution Building to Improve Capacity for Achieving Sustainable Rural Livelihoods (LHOO)
b) Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Preparedness and Post-Emergency Relief and Rehabilitation (REHA)
B - Promoting, developing and reinforcing policy and regulatory frameworks for food, agriculture, fisheries and forestry
a) Biosecurity for Agriculture and Food Production (BIOS)b) WTO Multilateral Trade Negotiations on Agriculture, Fisheries and
Forestry (AWTO)c) Climate Change Issues in Agriculture (CLIM)
C - Creating sustainable increases in the supply and availability of food and other products from the crop, livestock, fisheries and forestry sectors
a) Organic Agriculture (ORGA)b) Food for the Cities (FCIT)c) Integrated Production Systems (SARD/SPFS) (PROD)d) Biotechnology Applications in Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (BTEC)
D - Supporting the conservation, improvement and sustainable use of natural resources for food and agriculture
a) Integrated Management of Biological Diversity for Food and Agriculture (BIOD)
b) Strengthening Capacity for Integrated Ecosystem Management (ECOM)
E - Improving decision-making through the provision of information and assessments and fostering of knowledge management for food and agriculture
a) Definitions, Norms, Methodologies and Quality of Information (QINF)b) Spatial Information Management and Decision Support Tools (SPAT)c) Global Perspective Studies (GLOP)
50. The other two PAIAs are more thematic in nature, covering Gender Mainstreaming, and Ethics in Food and Agriculture (ETHI). As Gender Mainstreaming translates into a detailed Plan of Action on Gender and
22 Programme Framework
Development 2002-2007, also submitted to the FAO Conference at its request at its November 2001 session, this PAIA is not addressed below.
51. The substance under each PAIA was fully articulated in the Medium Term Plan, with description of the rationale and scope for enhanced inter-disciplinary work, the appropriate supervisory mechanism and the relevant programme entities or component activities. The following succinct narratives do not purport to repeat this extensive descriptive material, but aim at highlighting main expected achievements in the 2002-2003 biennium.
52. All concerned units have sought to identify the resources earmarked for the implementation of the above PAIAs under technical programmes in the 2002-2003 biennium. The resulting picture is given in the following table.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 23
Distribution of Resources Allocated to PAIAs under Substantive Programmes (2002-2003)
Major Programme
AWTO
BIO
D
BIO
S
BTE
C
CLI
M
ECO
M
ETH
I
FCIT
GLO
P
LHO
O
OR
GA
PRO
D
QIN
F
REH
A
SPA
T
2.1
Agricultural Production and Support Systems
2.2
Food and Agriculture Policy and Development
2.3
Fisheries
2.4
Forestry
2.5
Contributions to Sustainable Development and Special Programme Thrusts
3.1
Policy Assistance
Legend Greater than zero, less
than US$ 250 000US$ 250 000 to 1
millionUS$ 1 million to 3
millionMore than US$ 3
million
AWTO WTO Multilateral Trade Negotiations on Agriculture, Fisheries and ForestryBIOD Integrated Management of Biological Diversity for Food and AgricultureBIOS Biosecurity for Agriculture and Food ProductionBTEC Biotechnology Applications in Agriculture, Fisheries and ForestryCLIM Climate Change Issues in AgricultureECOM Strengthening Capacity for Integrated Ecosystem ManagementETHI Ethics in Food and AgricultureFCIT Food for the CitiesGLOP Global Perspective StudiesLHOO Local Institution Building to Improve Capacity for Achieving Sustainable Rural ORGA Organic AgriculturePROD Integrated Production Systems (SARD/SPFS)QINF Definitions, Norms, Methodologies and Quality of InformationREHA Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Preparedness and Post-Emergency Relief SPAT Spatial Information Management and Decision Support Tools
53. It may be noted that provision has been made at central level (entity 210S5) for limited catalytic resources to be made available to the respective coordination mechanisms and Chairpersons depending on requirements, and on which some of the following planned achievements may depend. Some may also be subject to the availability of extra-budgetary support.
Overview of Planned Achievements in 2002-2003
Local Institution Building to Improve Capacity for Achieving Sustainable Rural Livelihoods
Indicative resource allocation in 2002-03: US$ 14.1 million
24 Programme Framework
54. The pertinent coordination mechanism will ensure that a sequential set of activities is carried out by all concerned technical units, so as to assist Member Nations in building local capacities related to sustainable rural livelihoods. National Thematic Groups affiliated to the ACC Network on Rural Development and Food Security will also be instrumental in this regard. Expected achievements will include:
a) normative materials translating lessons learnt into practical guidelines on important areas such as alternative crops and cultivars; household livestock production; provision of commercial, marketing, and mechanisation services; agribusiness development; small-scale integrated rural aquaculture; appropriate utilisation of forest resources and products; enhanced role of youth workers; improved extension, education and communication services; government-assisted agrarian reform; land regularisation and common property resources policies and instruments; decentralisation of rural institutions; household food security and community nutrition initiatives;
b) harmonisation of technical documentation on a rich variety of subjects of direct relevance to rural livelihoods; and
c) information dissemination activities through WAICENT tools and knowledge databases, including the virtual library and library information services.
Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Preparedness and Post-Emergency
Relief and RehabilitationIndicative resource allocation in 2002-03: US$ 4.3 million
55. This PAIA embodies strengthened coordination in dealing with the different phases of the emergency cycle from prevention, preparedness, early warning, impact and needs assessment, to relief, rehabilitation, reconstruction, and sustainable recovery measures in the agriculture, fishery and forestry sectors. Coordination will be ensured by the inter-departmental Emergency Coordination Group (ECG). The implementation of the PAIA will incorporate policy, planning, institutional and technical considerations. It will promote improved knowledge, capacity building and exchange of relevant regional and national experiences in order to raise the level of preparedness of countries and regions and to improve the post-crisis recovery and rehabilitation process.
56. Major achievements in the biennium 2002-03 will include:a) improved accessibility to information in emergency situations;b) expanded monitoring and information systems on agricultural recovery,
food security and nutrition;c) use of joint tools, including a database on the typology of disasters
affecting the food and agriculture sector;d) increased participation of technical officers in disaster preparedness
programmes at country level and in multi-disciplinary missions mounted
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 25
by the Special Relief Operations Service (TCOR), as well as project backstopping; and
e) joint training programmes and training of technical officers in the Regional and Sub-regional Offices to enable them to fully participate in impact and needs assessment missions.
Biosecurity for Agriculture and Food ProductionIndicative resource allocation in 2002-03: US$ 10.8 million
57. Expected achievements include:a) Consultation on Biosecurity in Food and Agriculture (including Fisheries
and Forestry) subject to extra-budgetary support, which will involve national regulators to develop guidance to national programmes in food safety, animal and plant health;
b) development of an international biosecurity information exchange mechanism;
c) FAO's website on biosecurity, with links to other relevant sites within and outside FAO;
d) manuals and guidelines for the application of risk analysis principles; and
e) coordinated support to technical assistance integrating the various elements of biosecurity at national level.
WTO Multilateral Trade Negotiations on Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry
Indicative resource allocation in 2002-03: US$ 3.0 million
58. This PAIA is to enhance FAO's support to Members, particularly developing and transition countries, for their effective participation in multilateral trade negotiations (MTN) on agriculture, as well as their integration into global trade in food, agricultural, fishery and forestry products.
59. It is focused, therefore, on capacity building for trade, and involves normative and operational field activities. The main planned achievements of a cross-sectoral nature include:
a) analytical studies on developments in commodity markets and trade (in both printed and electronic form);
b) medium-term agricultural projections to 2010;c) studies on trade liberalisation and food security;d) analytical reports and information regarding the implications of
alternative proposals emerging from the agenda of trade negotiations;e) meetings of experts on trade and food security issues under negotiation,
including support to trade policy conferences;f) support to countries in the implementation of trade agreements,
including the adjustment and adaptation of domestic policies;g) establishment of benchmarks for evaluating progress in developing
countries' integration into global agricultural trade; and
26 Programme Framework
h) support to training activities related to commodity and trade policies for agricultural commodities, as requested
60. The PAIA will also benefit from a number of sectoral activities under various technical programmes which have clear trade-related dimensions.
Climate Change Issues in AgricultureIndicative resource allocation in 2002-03: US$ 1.3 million
61. By the end of 2003, FAO is expected to have expanded its expertise in this complex area and strengthened its technical contributions to international initiatives linked to climate change adaptation and mitigation. Although the way and means by which the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC) will become operational are still being developed, areas where FAO will be most active are:
a) ensuring that agricultural issues are given due consideration in meetings of the FCCC (including meetings of the Conference of Parties, scientific and technical bodies and the Secretariat), the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPPC), as well as other high-level technical meetings where agriculture, forestry and fisheries are, or should be, prominent;
b) technical support to Members in implementing the FCCC as relates to the agriculture, forestry and fisheries sectors, including the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and carbon sequestration;
c) capacity building in countries on climate change issues related to agriculture and food security, including for national reporting;
d) collection, analysis and provision of agricultural and forestry data relevant to the FCCC process; and
e) promotion of best practices and techniques that assist in mitigation of, and adaptation to potential climate change, including carbon management in biomass and soils, e.g. conservation agriculture, and substitution of fossil fuels through biofuels and other renewable sources of energy.
Organic AgricultureIndicative resource allocation in 2002-03: US$ 1.0 million
62. Expected achievements include:a) ensuring convergence of all disciplinary inputs for effective policy
advisory services to countries and development of technical decision-support tools for productive and efficient organic farming systems;
b) ensuring coherent assessment of current developments and prospects for certified and uncertified organic agriculture;
c) studies, technical assistance and policy advice relating to production and trade of certified organic agriculture products;
d) information dissemination systems and networking arrangements for production, conservation, processing, labelling and marketing of organic produce;
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 27
e) workshops and studies that integrate agronomic, environmental, economic and social criteria and indicators for assessing the contribution of organic agriculture to food security, income and employment generation and sustainability; and
f) publications on key issues of importance to organic agriculture, including the links with the environment and food security, coupled with further development of information services on organic agriculture within the corporate FAO's website.
Food for the CitiesIndicative resource allocation in 2002-03: US$ 2.6 million
63. In addressing a wide range of issues such as urban and peri-urban agriculture, assembling, handling, processing, transport, credit, information, marketing and distribution, as well as food security, nutrition and environmental aspects, expected achievements under this PAIA will include:
a) sensitisation and training activities on strategy, policy and programme formulation aimed at city and local authorities facing the problems and requirements of supplying food to rapidly expanding populations;
b) technical guidelines to foster environmentally-sustainable urban and peri-urban agricultural systems;
c) preparation of a briefing guide on urban and peri-urban agriculture, especially in the context of the SPFS; and
d) study and development of sustainable irrigation practices in peri-urban areas, including safe use of waste water, as a precondition to the production of safe food and animal produce.
Integrated Production Systems (SARD3/SPFS)Indicative resource allocation in 2002-03: US$ 10.1 million
64. During the biennium, thematic and regional working groups will be established to support work under this PAIA. Coordination will be operated through virtual means, the "PROD's" website and a discussion list. This will facilitate assembly of information and knowledge from Headquarters divisional and regional activities across disciplines. The PAIA will use entry-point thematic areas (which represent clusters of outputs in divisional programmes) as follows: conservation agriculture; good farming practices; crops-trees-livestock-fish systems; intensive forage production and use; livestock, environment and development; economics of production system intensification; vertical integration of production systems, products and marketing; integrated databases and information systems.
3 Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development
28 Programme Framework
65. In addition, regional pilot projects will commence involving regional working groups and initial case studies and reports. The currently defined pilot projects are:
a) integrated crop management practices for sustainable intensification of rice-wheat systems in Asia;
b) integrated production systems in West Africa (oncho-freed ecosystems);c) integrated production systems in arid and semi-arid areas (IGAD4 and
SADC5 areas);d) integrated production systems in arid and semi-arid areas of the Near
East; ande) watershed management and participatory natural resource management
in Latin America and the Caribbean.
66. For each regional pilot project, the following activities will be undertaken in 2002-03: field-level assessment of current systems and farming methods (consultant's report); meetings with local institutions and stakeholders; project proposal; and development of action plans.
Biotechnology Applications in Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry
Indicative resource allocation in 2002-03: US$ 4.5 million
67. This PAIA links up to a vast number of sectoral outputs, involving the pertinent technical divisions, the Legal Office and WAICENT. Building on these, the major achievements of a cross-sectoral nature are foreseen to include:
a) an enhanced website on biotechnology, with inter alia a discussion forum on cross-sectoral issues and dissemination of information on assessments of developments in biotechnology and their impact;
b) coordinated policy advice and guidelines to Members on agricultural biotechnology applications; and
c) establishment of a comprehensive database on biotechnology.
68. These activities should facilitate FAO's active engagement in the debates on genetically modified organisms (GMOs) through science-based contributions, and enable it to keep abreast of current scientific developments.
Integrated Management of Biological Diversity for Food and Agriculture
Indicative resource allocation in 2002-03: US$ 4.2 million
4 Inter-Governmental Authority on Development5 Southern African Development Community
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 29
69. This PAIA will contribute to the establishment of FAO's coordinated position on biological diversity for food and agriculture. Major achievements are expected to include:
a) promotion of ecosystem approaches for sustainable management of production systems, i.e. by examining the inter-relationship between socio-economic and biophysical factors and biological diversity to resolve inter-sectorial problems; this work will include case studies and the development of practical tools and methodologies;
b) implementation of joint programmes with a range of partner organizations to promote the sustainable use and the conservation of biological diversity in ecosystems, also assisting countries in meeting their obligations under various international instruments, strategies and agreements; and
c) improved awareness of the importance and value of biological diversity for food and agriculture, among all stakeholders including policy makers, consumers and the public, through inter alia specific awareness documents, tailored materials for different fora (i.e. video, articles, participation in regional and international fora and events, and support to networks).
Strengthening Capacity for Integrated Ecosystem ManagementIndicative resource allocation in 2002-03: US$ 2.6 million
70. Bearing in mind the requirements for development of drylands and mountains, but also of other ecosystems, joint work is expected to focus on:
a) better understanding of the concept of ecosystem management through technical documents on component issues, and meetings;
b) reviews of past and current initiatives supporting integrated ecosystem management, including at country and regional levels;
c) improved methodologies and practices in integrated ecosystem management, as relates to areas of FAO's mandate;
d) improved in-house capacity to put integrated ecosystem management in action, coupled with training in countries and information exchange; and
e) support to introducing integrated ecosystem management in the implementation of the Conventions on Biological Diversity and to Combat Desertification and, more generally, the management and conservation of natural resources for food and agriculture, in particular for fragile ecosystems.
Definitions, Norms, Methodologies and Quality of InformationIndicative resource allocation in 2002-03: US$ 4.4 million
71. Target accomplishments include:a) updated procedures to document and ensure the quality and consistency
of statistical data regarding agricultural production, trade, food balance
30 Programme Framework
sheets (FBS), inputs, forestry and fisheries products, farm data and land and water indicators;
b) further standardisation of terms, definitions and categorisation schemes regarding land use, plant production and protection, livestock, forestry and fisheries information as well as human nutrition aspects, establishing appropriate linkages among them;
c) standards and norms regarding country-specific information to facilitate data dissemination and integration on a country basis; and
d) standard data models to describe information resources such as experts, institutions, species and maps to assist in data exchange within and outside the Organization.
Spatial Information Management and Decision Support ToolsIndicative resource allocation in 2002-03: US$ 5.0 million
72. Expected achievements include:a) further development of spatial data standards and norms, under the
leadership of the Geographical Information System (GIS) unit in the Research, Extension and Training Division (SDR), with links to the previous PAIA;
b) effective "spatial networking" across units, also under the leadership of SDR, to facilitate wide accessibility of spatial data and information, including vector data (maps), raster data (remote sensing images), meta-databases and geo-referenced non-spatial information, and maintenance of related website;
c) development of a meta-database and a corporate gateway on spatial products, under the joint leadership of SDR and GI/WAICENT; and
d) integration of various thematic maps and filling of spatial data gaps.
Global Perspective StudiesIndicative resource allocation in 2002-03: US$ 3.3 million
73. Joint work under this PAIA is to improve coherence in analytical methods and databases used in global perspective studies. Expected achievements include:
a) completion of a full technical report on Agriculture Towards 2015/30, and preparation and publication of a companion, shorter and more popular document under the same title;
b) regional perspective studies for the livestock sector for Latin America, Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa;
c) regional perspective studies for the forestry sector for Africa (2002), one for Latin America and the Caribbean, and one for Europe in the following biennium;
d) perspectives for fish consumption, supply and trade by major geographical region, including supplies from both aquaculture and capture fisheries;
e) new and improved estimates of the prevalence of under-nourishment;f) a new analytical framework for undertaking food and agriculture
projections and scenario analysis for the crop and livestock sectors;
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 31
g) improvements in the land and water (irrigation) databases;h) a study on the efficiency of water and fertilizer use;i) new and improved estimates of the environmental aspects of food and
agriculture production for use in perspective studies; andj) implementation of a Country Profiles System to provide access to FAO
country information in support of regional studies.
32 Programme Framework
Ethics in Food and AgricultureIndicative resource allocation in 2002-03: US$ 1.0 million
74. Besides sectoral outputs, such as meetings, publications and other activities that are directly related to ethical issues, expected achievements as the result of joint efforts include:
a) two publications in an FAO Ethics Series;b) one meeting of the Panel of Eminent Experts on Ethics in Food and
Agriculture;c) further development of an Ethics section of FAO's website and related
information management tools; andd) close relations with other intergovernmental and UN bodies, in
particular the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) on matters of common interest.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 33
Budgetary Framework75. The following table summarises, in a simplified manner, the projected income and utilisation of resources under all sources of funds in 2002-03 under the real growth (RG) and zero real growth (ZRG) scenarios together with comparative information for 2000-01.Budgeted Income and Utilisation of Resources (Amounts in US$ 000)
Proposals at 2000-01 Cost
Proposals at 2002-03 Cost
2000-01 PWBRG at
2000-01 Costs
ZRG at 2000-01
Costs
RG at 2002-03
Costs
ZRG at 2002-03
Costs
Income/Resources:Member Nations Net Assessed Contributions
643,104 678,839 643,305 682,010 645,063
Miscellaneous Income 6,896 6,695 6,695 6,695 6,695Voluntary Contributions:
Other Income 84,453 84,186 84,186 84,401 84,390Trust Fund Income 501,385 553,065 553,065 553,065 553,065
Total Estimated Income 1,235,838 1,322,785 1,287,251 1,326,171 1,289,2
13Expenditure/Utilisation of Resources:
Programme of Work 734,453 769,720 734,186 773,106 736,148Trust Funds 501,385 553,065 553,065 553,065 553,065
Total Estimated Expenditure 1,235,838 1,322,785 1,287,251
1,326,171 1,289,213
76. The Programme of Work in the preceding table comprises those activities that are proposed to be performed on the basis of expected contributions from Member Nations, Miscellaneous Income and Other Income, and is designed according to the expected availability of these resources. The sub-category of Other Income comprises voluntary contributions available to execute the Programme of Work because they are at the disposal of the Organization and/or are managed closely with the Regular Budget Appropriation.
77. Trust Fund expenditure estimates are the Secretariat's forecast of the trust fund resources expected from donors to execute the extra-budgetary programme.
34 Budgetary Framework
Overview of Total Resource Availability78. The following table highlights the movements in budgetary resources.Overview of Total Resource Availability (Before Cost Increases)
Member Nations Net Assessed Contributions 643,104 678,839Miscellaneous IncomeRental of Conference and Office Facilities 196 100Interest Earnings 4,000 4,500Less: discounts payable (1,200) (600)Lapse of accrued liabilities 3,700 2,500Contributions from New/ Associate Members 100 100Surplus on the Information Products Revolving Fund 0 0Sundry 100 95Total Miscellaneous Income 6,896 6,695Net Appropriation voted by the Conference 650,000 685,534Voluntary Contributions under Financial Regulation 6.7: To Other IncomeOther Income credited to the General Fund in the Financial AccountsWorld Bank 18,745 18,625Other Financial Institutions 8,101 8,824Technical Support Services 5,687 5,334Project Servicing Costs and Administrative and Operational Support Services 36,851 34,573Reimbursements for Administrative Services to WFP 2,416 2,193Government Counterpart Cash Contributions 1,670 1,670Other Items (e.g. Miscellaneous Secondments) 1,626 1,467Total Other Income credited to the General Fund in the Financial Accounts 75,096 72,686Other Income not credited to the General Fund in the Financial AccountsWorld Health Organization (CODEX) 969 969Co-sponsors to TAC 3,063 3,000UNFPA 1,189 360Terminal Reports 715 715OSRO Direct Operating Expenses 3,421 6,456Total Other Income not credited to the General Fund in the Financial Accounts 9,357 11,500Total Other Income 84,453 84,186Resources Available for the Programme of Work 734,453 769,720Voluntary Contributions under Financial Regulation 6.7: To Trust Fund IncomeUNDP Projects - Total 61,070 11,000Less: Project Servicing Costs (5,552) (1,000)Emergency Projects - Total 172,424 260,000Less: Direct Operating Costs (3,324) (6,456)Other Trust Fund Projects 305,648 323,070Less: Project Servicing Costs (31,298) (33,573)Less: Technical Support Services (5,583) (4,475)UNDP TSS/STS/SPPD Projects 8,000 4,500Total Estimated Trust Fund Income 501,385 553,066TOTAL ESTIMATED RESOURCES AVAILABLE 1,235,838 1,322,786
79. Overall, Miscellaneous Income is projected to remain close to current levels. An increase in interest earnings is offset by a lower estimate for the lapsing of accrued liabilities, which is due to further
36 Budgetary Framework
expected improvement in the accuracy of unliquidated obligations at the end of 2001. Proposals have been put forward for a suspension of the incentive scheme to encourage prompt payment of contributions, but at this stage it is assumed that some discounts will be payable in 2002-03. No surplus is expected to be earned on the Information Products Revolving Fund, and the 2002-03 budget for this fund is provided in Annex II.
80. The table also highlights a decline of US$ 0.3 million in Other Income. This consists of a number of movements, the more significant ones being summarised as follows:
a) an anticipated US$ 3 million increase in reimbursements of direct operating costs from trust fund emergency activities, carried out by the Special Relief Operations Service (TCOR);
b) the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) is expected to reduce its support to the population activities implying a reduction in income of US$ 0.8 million; its contribution will now be sufficient to support only one P-5 post, half a G-4 post and limited non-staff resources;
c) a decline of US$ 2.3 million in budgeted project servicing costs and administrative and operational support services (AOS) reimbursements, as well as US$ 0.4 million in reimbursements for technical support services (TSS) from non-emergency trust funds and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) projects. Estimates are subject to some uncertainty and risk, as the achievement of the planned figure necessitates a turnaround in non-emergency trust fund project delivery from current levels; and
d) a decline of US$ 0.2 million in estimated reimbursements for administrative services to the World Food Programme (WFP), as the latter will complete the implementation of its own payroll system during the course of the 2002-03 biennium, thus requiring reduced services from the Personnel (AFP) and Finance (AFF) Divisions.
Developments Under Extra-budgetary Resources81. Historical project delivery by funding source is shown in the following table and indicates that the total extra-budgetary field programme has increased from the low level of 1996. However, this increase reflects a growth in emergency assistance which has expanded from US$ 15.8 million in 1996 to US$ 168.5 million in 2000, while non-emergency assistance has continued to show a steady decline from a level of US$ 263.2 million in 1993 to US$ 129.1 million in 2000.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 37
Extra-Budgetary Field Programme (All Amounts in US$ million, net of Project Servicing Costs)
82. UNDP project delivery has declined steadily from US$ 108.1 million in 1993 to US$ 13.2 million in 2000. With the exception of 1997, when UNDP project delivery was close to the level of 1996, there has been a consistent decline averaging 25 percent each year. New policy orientations in UNDP point to a diminishing role in project financing for agency execution or implementation. UNDP delivery is, therefore, projected to decline further to approximately US$ 10 million in 2002-03.
83. Non-emergency trust fund project delivery has shown a more gradual decline from US$ 130 million in 1997 to US$ 116 million in 2000. Activity in 2000 has undergone a period of adjustment due to the introduction of new financial accounting systems and the decentralization of project operations to country offices and technical units, with consequent structural and procedural changes. However, an improvement is expected from 2001.
84. Overall, the prospects for 2002-03 point to an increase in non-emergency Trust Fund project delivery versus the levels achieved in 2000. This projection is considered achievable in the light of the very considerable effort being made for the further development of the field programme, including:
a) the Director-General's strategy to encourage developing countries to benefit from the technical resources of the Organization, particularly in the area of food security, through projects funded under Unilateral Trust Fund (UTF) arrangements;
b) the reinstatement of the Field Programme Committee with an enhanced mandate to revitalise the field programme and improve related administrative and operational procedures;
c) the reorganisation of the Technical Cooperation Department (TC) and of the decentralized structures in Regional Offices, including added emphasis on project pipeline development and field programme management and monitoring, as well as the improvement of the Field Programme Management Information System (FPMIS);
d) the decentralization of responsibility for operations to country offices, more in line with the approach that is now usual for donors' country level representatives; and
e) the strengthening of the Project Identification Facility (PIF), which has demonstrated its utility in mobilising resources under multilateral trust funds.
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85. The estimates have been produced through a detailed project by project analysis of ongoing and foreseen projects. Available unspent budgets on current projects and newly confirmed projects are higher than in the past, and there are several significant projects in the pipeline. Of particular significance are some UTF projects, currently at the final stages of preparation in Nigeria, Venezuela and Libya, as well as the expansion of the ongoing UTF programme in Brazil, which should become operational in 2001. In addition, the Council of the Global Environment Facility (GEF) approved an initiative in May 2000 to expand opportunities for the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) and FAO as executing agency. FAO's expertise in newly emerging areas of interest to GEF, such as the Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) and agricultural biodiversity, should promote greater collaboration and extra-budgetary funding for FAO's Members.
86. To the extent possible, extra-budgetary forecasts reflect, therefore, known facts regarding ongoing projects and reasonable expectations for projects in the pipeline. However, clearly, some projects that might produce delivery in 2002-03 have not yet even been conceived. Moreover, the varying and unpredictable lead time required to transit from project conception to execution and the relatively short project duration of most existing projects implies that two-year forward estimates of extra-budgetary delivery are inevitably subject to some degree of inaccuracy.
87. Trust fund emergency activities vary with need. The large increase in emergency programmes since 1997 is related to the Iraq Oil for Food programme, which is assumed to continue through 2002-03 at close to current levels of activity.
88. The anticipated extra-budgetary non-emergency activities in 2002-03 will be handled by FAORs, Regional Offices, and Headquarters technical divisions, while emergency projects will be operated by TCOR. They are broken down by programme heading and major geographic areas in the following table.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 39
2002-03 Extra-budgetary Expenditure by Region and Programme
40 Budgetary Framework
Global Africa Asia/ Near Europe Latin TotalProgramme and Major Programme and Inter- Pacific East America/
and Information 0 0 621 0 0 0 6212.4 Forestry 16,094 4,882 12,428 83 350 12,344 46,1822.5.1 Research, Natural Resources
Management and Technology Transfer 1,965 3,621 2,993 3,434 1,015 711 13,738
2.5.2 Gender and Population 5,295 541 154 52 0 1,074 7,1172.5.3 Rural Development 3,246 1,614 1,018 586 0 6,131 12,5942.5.6 Food Production in Support of Food
Security in LIFDCs 140 14,785 1,850 761 0 6,979 24,5152.5 Contributions to Sustainable
Development and Special Programme Thrusts 10,646 20,561 6,015 4,833 1,015 14,895 57,964TOTAL CHAPTER 2
64,230116,4
22 35,410264,8
5422,72
9 33,679 537,3263.1.1 Coordination of Policy Assistance
and Field Programme Development 552 18 211 0 0 406 1,1873.1.2 Policy Assistance to Various Regions 102 152 0 0 0 6,713 6,9673.1.3 Legal Assistance to Member Nations 0 1,033 0 0 0 0 1,0333.1 Policy Assistance 654 1,203 211 0 0 7,119 9,1873.2.1 FAO/World Bank Cooperative
TOTAL CHAPTER 3 3,740 1,219 211 0 40 7,444 12,6546.0.0 Common Services 1,000 0 0 0 0 982 1,982
TOTAL CHAPTER 6 1,000 0 0 0 0 982 1,982GRAND TOTAL
69,261117,6
41 35,934264,8
6423,26
9 42,105 553,076
Efficiency Savings and Organizational Changes89. Numerous measures have been implemented since the Director-General took office in January 1994 to improve the Organization's efficiency. These include:
a) input-oriented measures, which are mainly aimed at taking advantage of favourable cost differentials; and
b) process-oriented measures, which focus on changing policies, procedures and ways of working, with the aim of streamlining operations and administrative functions.
90. Improvement in efficiency and related process change is an essential part of a dynamic organization and remains an ongoing management activity. Some of the input-oriented efficiency measures implemented in prior biennia are being further pursued. These include the ongoing efforts at reducing the average grade of professional posts, expanding partnership programmes, and implementing cheaper and better forms of communication between locations.
91. Process change, including modifications to systems and procedures, has had major implications for training, as new skills need to be acquired by existing (and future) staff, where the need for new or different skills is created. Moreover, such restructuring has had to be implemented within a fixed budgetary appropriation, which has been declining in real terms for several biennia, without recourse to additional financial or human resources. This has been an obstacle to achieving an effective transition from old ways of working to new processes.
92. Efficiency achievements since 1994 and estimated annual cost savings are outlined below.
Efficiency Savings: Input-oriented Measures
Efficiency Improvements in the Acquisition of Staff Inputs
93. New partnership agreements: the FAO partnership programmes acquire professional expertise through a variety of innovative arrangements. While the main objective is to enhance the spirit of cooperation and partnership based on mutual benefits, there is also a
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clear economic advantage. Although there is no means to actually determine the degree of substitution of international expertise for the new arrangements, savings can be estimated at US$ 11 million per year assuming that each work-month of expertise employed under these new agreements substituted the same number of work-months of international expertise.
94. Reduction of average professional grade level: a concerted effort has been undertaken to improve the average grade level by reducing the number of Director and P-5 posts and increasing the number of lower-graded posts. Further steps are taken in this regard in the 2002-03 biennium, where 43 additional entry-level professional posts are created and 16 P-5 posts are abolished. Thus, since 1 January 1994, the Organization has seen the elimination of 37 or 18 percent of director level posts and 61 or 17 percent of P-5 posts, whereas P-3, P-2 and P-1 posts have increased by 78 posts or 32 percent, even though there were reductions overall. Estimated savings amount to approximately US$ 5 million per annum.
95. Reduction in support staff: the Organization has protected, to the extent possible, its professional capacity and, therefore, concentrated staff reductions in the general service category where declines in workload justified such reductions. This has been achieved mainly through office automation (including the widespread dissemination of personal computers, and the installation of improved communication networks and planning and financial application packages) and through outsourcing. It is estimated that a reduction of 300 general service posts (including the proposed changes in the FAORs) can be attributed to these improvements with a net savings in the region of US$ 12 million per annum.
96. Increase in National Professional Officer (NPO) posts: since 1994, efficiency saving measures have been implemented in the FAO Representations, including replacing 65 internationally-recruited Programme Officers with National Professional Officers and removing D-2 level posts. These changes have generated savings of approximately US$ 6 million per annum. In 2002-03, efficiency is further increased by replacing 29 general service posts with 27 additional NPO posts, a cost neutral change which further enhances the professional expertise in the Representations.
97. Decentralization of posts: Regional Offices, which are among the primary sources of support to country offices, have been significantly expanded in recent biennia by the establishment of technical department groups, policy assistance branches, and operations branches. The decentralization of over 100 general service posts has created approximately US$ 2 million per year in savings due to the differential in salary rates for local staff in Rome versus other locations. Decentralization of professional staff has also moved people closer to field activities at limited additional cost.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 43
Efficiency Improvements in the Acquisition of Non-staff Inputs
98. Change in contracts for purchase of airline tickets: FAO has changed its approach for the purchase of airline tickets by switching, wherever practicable, to non-endorsable tickets, and by offering the "80 percent" option6, originally offered only in the case of home leave travel, for all forms of entitlement travel. It is estimated that these changes have produced annual cost savings of approximately US$ 2 million.
99. Communication costs: the Organization is making significant improvements in its communications infrastructure. Already implemented is a switch in communications service providers, which achieved reduced unit costs and improved business process and quality. The planned installation of the Wide Area Network will greatly enhance the communication capabilities of FAO Representations and contribute significantly to FAO's image as a centre of excellence. It is expected that, notwithstanding these significant improvements, some net savings will be achieved. The amount is difficult to quantify in absolute terms because of the offsetting increase in the quality speed and volume of communications, but is estimated at US$ 1 million per year.
Efficiency Savings: Process-oriented Measures
100. Leaner management arrangements: as the number of layers of management can be a constraint to efficient decision making, FAO removed what was considered to be a superfluous layer of senior level posts of Assistants to Assistant Directors-General and Assistants to Division Directors. Resulting savings were approximately US$ 3 million per annum.
101. New arrangements for the production of documents and publications and for remote translation: the financial policies underlying publications' production were rationalised to increase the use of external suppliers for editing, translation and printing. In addition, remote translation is increasingly used for Regional Conferences, resulting in significant savings in travel and daily subsistence allowance (DSA). Total savings as a result of these changes amount to approximately US$ 6 million per year.
102. Savings in governance: with the full support of Governing Bodies, savings in the cost of running meetings have been achieved by reducing meetings' length and documentation. In addition, steps were taken to enhance the efficiency of governance by eliminating obsolete Statutory Bodies, and by limiting the creation of new Bodies to those that were strictly necessary7. Estimated savings are approximately US$ 2 million per annum.
6 The possibility for staff to opt for a cash payment equivalent to 80% of the full purchase price of the ticket7 Conference Resolution 13/97 refers
44 Budgetary Framework
103. Creation of a centralised Management Support Service (MSS): a new centralised Management Support Service (MSS) structure was created in 2000-01 (with final adjustments reflected in the current PWB) to replace the departmental Management Support Units (MSUs). The MSS reports to the Assistant Director-General, Administration and Finance Department (AF), and provides support for financial and personnel servicing to Headquarters departments and to the Regional Office for Europe (REU). Process-wise, the new arrangements have resulted in shortened approval chains, streamlined transaction processing, and improved access to data to support core budgetary management functions. In conjunction with the creation of the MSS, AFF has restructured and strengthened its professional staffing capacity, as outlined in the section entitled Posts below. The net savings attributed to the creation of the MSS, taking into account the offsetting costs incurred under AFF, but excluding other offsetting costs in AFI, amount to approximately US$ 3 million per annum.
104. Restructuring of field programme operations: the decentralization of field operations, beginning from 1994-95, followed a number of phases:
a) the regrouping of operational units into a single Field Operations Division (TCO) under the newly formed Technical Cooperation Department (1994-95);
b) the decentralization of most of TCO's functions to regional operations branches located at Regional Offices (1996-97); and
c) the further decentralization of responsibility for operations to FAOR country offices, where practicable, and the restructuring of the TC Department (initially indicated in the PWB 2000-01 and at the Conference in November 1999).
105. All of these changes coincided with a significant decline in the level of non-emergency field programme delivery, a change in the nature of extra-budgetary projects operated by the Organization, and the formal declaration and endorsement of a policy on support cost reimbursements. It is, therefore, difficult to attribute a specific amount of the cost reductions to "efficiency savings".
106. However, the initial stages of decentralization (through 1997) reflected savings of close to US$ 5 million per annum beyond those already attributed to cost differentials for General Service staff quantified above.
107. The latest stage of restructuring comprises the following transfers:a) national projects from regional operations branches to FAO
Representations;b) regional projects from regional operations branches to technical units at
Regional Offices;
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 45
c) inter-regional and global projects from TCO to technical units at Headquarters; and
d) projects in Europe from TCO to REU and the FAOR in Turkey.
108. These changes are expected to produce additional savings of approximately US$ 4 million per year, largely through reductions to the staff and non-staff budgets of regional operations branches, as well as to the staffing structure of Regional Offices' MSUs.
109. Internal financial and budgetary management practices are being reviewed in connection with this current phase of restructuring. The transfer of responsibility of country projects to FAORs will specifically result in the redistribution of project operational responsibility and funding from regional operations branches to FAORs, and has underlined the need for a more transparent and equitable income distribution system which better relates allocations of support cost reimbursements to the units and programmes earning these resources. At present, support cost income has been redistributed, using the new methodology, to FAORs and regional operations branches. Support cost income has not yet been assigned to specific programme entities and organizational units at Headquarters, pending further analysis.
110. As outlined in the section on Posts below, the restructuring of TC focuses on the need to strengthen its capacity to develop, coordinate and monitor the field programme in order to reverse the current declining trend in non-emergency field activities funded from external sources. Current estimates indicate that the TC restructuring will yield savings of approximately US$ 1 million per year.
111. In conclusion, a net total savings of approximately US$ 10 million per annum is identified in the context of the field programme restructuring, although, as indicated above, this total cannot be entirely attributed to efficiency as the level of operations and the related support cost income has declined during the same period.
112. A period of respite is needed to complete, absorb, and take advantage of changes that have already been initiated. For example, the downsizing of regional operations branches and the transfer of project operational responsibility to country offices has, inter alia, required the upgrading of the Field Accounting System (FAS) and information technology infrastructures; the training of country representatives who are assigned new responsibilities for operating and managing projects; the transfer, redeployment and separation of operations officers and their assistants; and the rewriting of relevant procedures. There are clearly limits to the capacity of the Organization and its staff to handle fundamental process change, on top of its regular work, when overall resources have been declining in real terms.
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Posts113. The PWB 2000-01 included the net abolition of 87 general service and 4 professional posts, bringing the total establishment down to 3,508 posts. In the PWB 2002-03, further implementation of restructuring and other ZRG programme changes, results in the net creation of 53 professional and NPO positions and the net abolition of 69 general service posts, as tabulated under the column entitled Total ZRG Change. Furthermore, 51 posts are added under real growth (31 professional and NPO and 20 general service posts), bringing the total establishment to 3,543 posts. The changes result in an overall improvement in the general service to professional ratio from 1.48 to 1.36, as the Organization continues to strengthen its professional capacity.Evolution of Posts
International Professional 92 0 0 0 0 92National Professional 65 0 27 27 14 106General Service 606 0 (29) (29) 20 597
Total 763 0 (2) (2) 34 795Total Regular Programme:
International Professional 1,269 (9) 30 21 17 1,307National Professional 65 0 27 27 14 106General Service 1,948 (22) (40) (62) 20 1,906
Total 3,282 (31) 17 (14) 51 3,319Pools and Other Funds:
Professional 81 0 5 5 0 86General Service 145 0 (7) (7) 0 138
Total 226 0 (2) (2) 0 224Grand Total All FundsInternational Professional 1,350 (9) 35 26 17 1,393National Professional 65 0 27 27 14 106General Service 2,093 (22) (47) (69) 20 2,044Total 3,508 (31) 15 (16) 51 3,543*The 2002-03 proposal includes 7 outposted TCI posts and 4 outposted AUD posts.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 47
114. The restructuring changes resulted in the net addition of 14 posts at Headquarters and the abolition of 45 posts at decentralized locations, as detailed in the following table.Post Changes due to Restructuring Initiatives
Professional and Above General ServiceDescription New Abolished Sub-total
115. The restructuring of AFF, already considered by the Joint Meeting of the Programme and Finance Committees8 in September 2000, is reflected in the PWB, together with further refinements to the Management Support Service which was established following the implementation of Oracle.
116. The ongoing decentralization of project operations to FAOR offices and technical departments has resulted in the abolition of 23 professional and 22 general service posts in regional operations branches, while FAOR offices which will operate substantial project volumes will receive additional support through temporary staff assignments.
117. Further post abolitions through the amalgamation of regional operations branches and Management Support Units are expected following the completion of the current review of project delivery and the regional MSU workload. Specific post abolitions cannot be identified at this stage and are, therefore, not tabulated above, although the budgetary provisions for 2002-03 foresee further staff savings of US$ 1.1 million in the regional operations branches and US$ 0.9 million in MSUs.
118. The restructuring of the TC Department was intimated to the Conference in 1999 and focuses on the need to strengthen TC's capacity to develop, coordinate and monitor the field programme, to reverse the current declining trend in non-emergency field activities funded from external sources.
8 Document JM 2000/3, FAO's New Financial Systems and Procedures, refers
48 Budgetary Framework
TC Restructuring - Net Post ChangesProfessional and Above General Service
119. The main elements of the restructuring are described below:a) in TCO, a new Field Programme Monitoring and Coordination Service
(TCOM) is created and the Special Programmes Coordination and Monitoring Service (TCOS) is strengthened;
b) the fellowships programme in TCO is downsized to match the decline in workload and its residual functions are transferred to TCD;
c) the Technical Cooperation Programme (TCP) unit, now Service, is transferred from TCD to TCO, so as to combine similar functions in the TCO Division; and
d) the Special Relief Operations Service (TCOR) is increased by 5 professional and 9 general service posts, funded by direct operating cost reimbursements from emergency project operations, in view of the substantially increased demand for emergency work as described above.
120. Due to the complexity of the work involved in the restructuring of the TC Department, a phased approach is being undertaken which may result in further post change proposals in the PWB 2004-05.
121. The Net Other ZRG Programme Changes shown in the table on Evolution of Posts, incorporate a net increase of 62 professional and a net reduction of 47 general service posts. The changes include:
a) replacing 29 general service posts in the FAO Representations with 27 NPO posts;
b) establishing additional entry-level professional posts to provide for an increased intake of junior professionals, bearing in mind the future levels of retirement of professional staff; and
c) using opportunities arising from natural staff turnover and post vacancies in both the general service and professional categories to realign and strengthen technical expertise.
122. Under the RG Change, additional resources are proposed for high-priority programmes (9 professional posts at Headquarters and 8 at Regional Offices).
123. Annex I lists all new and abolished posts to the Regular Programme (total ZRG and RG change in the table on Evolution of Posts), excluding posts in FAO Representations.
124. Particular emphasis has been placed on creating entry-level positions, aimed at providing opportunities for attracting young professionals, given the significant staff turnover foreseen in upcoming years through retirements. Indeed, 43 new positions at the P-1 to P-3
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 49
level are foreseen in the PWB 2002-03. This, together with further efforts to downgrade professional posts where feasible and appropriate, will result in a reduction in the average grade mix of professional staff, with the overall grade point average (GPA) declining from 4.3 to 4.2.
125. The general service category has borne much of the burden of reductions in recent biennia due to the changing nature of the workplace and the impact of automation on many tasks, with remaining staff sometimes taking on additional and more demanding tasks. In this regard, a limited number of well-justified general service grade increases are included in the budgetary proposals. Furthermore, a review of general service posts in the office support area is underway and is expected to result in some further upward adjustments of the general service GPA. This is considered appropriate both in terms of the comparison across the United Nations system, where FAO's general service GPA is below average, and also as the means to creating a structure which has satisfactory career opportunities despite the overall reduction in the general service population at Headquarters.
Programme Change by Organizational Unit126. The programme budgeting principles applied by FAO focus on relating resources to programme entities, and their objectives and outputs. However, it is also useful to see where the responsibility for resources lies by organizational unit. Annex V of the supplementary information on the Programme of Work and Budget 2002-03 available on the FAO's website (http://www.fao.org/pwb) provides information of resources under real growth (RG) and zero real growth (ZRG) by organizational unit and account.
127. The following matrix relates the two dimensions of the budget, i.e. "programme" and "organizational" responsibility. The narrative below the table points briefly to the major reasons for shifts in resources between the 2000-01 Programme of Work and the 2002-03 RG proposal.Summary of Programme Changes by Organizational Unit
128. For the Office of Director-General (ODG) units, the increases arise from several factors. The Internal Auditor posts which are physically located in the Regional Offices are now shown under the Office of the Inspector-General at Headquarters, with the regional internal auditors treated as "outposted" staff, to better reflect the accountability for these positions. Furthermore, funds for the rebuilding of the Organization's programme planning and budgeting system (PLANSYS) have been provided to the Office of Programme, Budget and Evaluation (PBE). The budget for the Office of the Director-General has been increased to cover the regularisation of some temporary staff. The increase under Major Programme 2.1 is for the central support to Priority Areas for Inter-disciplinary Action (PAIAs). The changes under Chapters 3 and 4 are a result of the realignment of internal cross-charges for TCP direct operating expenses.
129. The increase under the FAO Representations covers partial provisions for the establishment of 11 new country offices as well as the strengthening of information technology, communications and training of staff in existing offices. Part of the increase in funding (US$ 1.6 million) is a result of the decentralization of project operational responsibility to country offices, which, under the net budget, is offset by an equivalent increase in support cost income.
130. The Agriculture Department (AG) has strengthened its professional capacity with 2 new senior-level posts for the implementation of the Rotterdam Convention and the Emergency Prevention System for Transboundary Animal and Plant Pests and Diseases (EMPRES), and entry-level positions in the Agricultural Support Systems Division (AGS). AG has also strengthened resources in other selected, high-priority technical areas, and for improved language coverage in publications and meetings.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 51
131. In the Economic and Social Department (ES), the Commodities and Trade Division (ESC), in particular, has been strengthened, with resources identified for high priority areas such as the International Action on Commodity and Trade Issues (224P4). The Food and Nutrition Division (ESN) has gained three new entry-level Nutrition Officer posts, focusing on nutrition in emergencies, food microbiology, and biotechnology.
132. Particular attention has been paid to directing resources to the Fisheries and Forestry Departments. Fisheries has realigned and strengthened its professional capacity, establishing a number of junior-level professional posts focusing on areas such as fisheries resources, aquaculture, and fishery information and statistics. Furthermore, Fisheries is directing resources toward the International Plans of Action (IPOAs) under entity 234P3, Economic and Social Analysis of Fishery and Aquaculture Policy and Management.
133. The Forestry Department is also strengthening its professional capacity by establishing junior-level posts in sustainable mountain development, national forest programmes, forest fire management, impact assessment, and economic analysis. It is also assigning additional resources to the National Forest Programme Implementation Facility. Finally, both Fisheries and Forestry are focusing on improved language coverage.
134. The Sustainable Development Department (SD) proposes additional resources to strengthen information and communication technologies, and support to environmental agreements in its Research, Extension and Training Division (SDR). Furthermore, a new post has been created for an HIV/AIDS and Food Security Officer. Due to the decline in income from UNFPA, resources were decreased under Programme 2.5.2 in the Gender and Population Division (SDW).
135. The majority of the increase in the Programme of Work of the Technical Cooperation Department (TC) reflects a realignment of field operations, including in particular, an increase in the staffing of the Special Relief Operations Service (TCOR) which is funded by direct operating cost reimbursements from emergency project operations, in view of the substantially increased demand for emergency work. In addition, resources have been directed towards the Field Operations Division (TCO) for a more advanced Field Programme Management Information System (FPMIS) and for the Special Programme on Food Security (SPFS).
136. The additional resources under the Administration and Finance Department (AF) shown across the programme structure are for the ongoing costs of the Wide Area Network (WAN) in the Computer Pool Account. The WAN is presently being installed and will greatly enhance the communications infrastructure of the Organization and the communications capabilities of FAO Representations. The further increase under Chapter 5 is for the strengthening of the Finance Division
52 Budgetary Framework
(AFF), already implemented in 2000, and for the Information Systems and Technology Division (AFI) for the development phases of the human resources and payroll systems under Phase II of Oracle.
137. The increase under Major Programme 2.2 of the General Affairs and Information Department (GI) is related to the strengthening of the Library and Documentation Systems Division (GIL), where a number of new entry-level professional posts have been created, focusing mainly on the facilitation of the World Agricultural Information Centre (WAICENT) outreach and on information management systems. The incremental funding under Chapter 3 is for World Food Day Special Events/TeleFood supportive structures.
138. The decrease in funding for Regional Offices is primarily related to the decentralization of field programme operations, and affects mainly Chapter 3. Changes under the technical programmes are due to the strengthening and realignment of technical expertise in the field; indeed, a net increase of 14 technical officers at Regional and Sub-regional Offices is proposed.
139. The increase in TCP resources under Chapter 4 is aimed at maintaining the proportion of this programme as a percentage of the budget at 14.9 percent, as foreseen in the Medium Term Plan 2002-07.
Cost Increases
Methodology
140. The programme budget is developed using cost rates and the rate of exchange approved for the previous budget thus allowing, in the Programme Budget section of this document, a valid comparison of the approved budget for the current biennium with the proposed budget for the next biennium. The methodology and results of the calculation of cost increases to be provided within the Programme of Work and Budget 2002-03 are described in this section. The methodology used is the same as used for the 2000-01 biennium and approved by the Finance Committee, Council and Conference.
141. The changes in costs estimated in this document are developed from detailed calculations for each item of expenditure using an accepted methodology and under stated assumptions. Where possible, use has been made of independent verifiable forecast data such as the Economist Intelligence Unit and published data of authoritative bodies such as the International Civil Service Commission (ICSC) and the United Nations Administrative Committee on Coordination (ACC). The cost increase calculations included in this document are based on actual data to June 2001.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 53
Impact of Exchange Rate
142. The budget is prepared in US Dollars and, therefore, the relationship of the US Dollar to other currencies in which expenditures are incurred can have a notable impact upon the costs incurred. This is particularly important for expenditures based in Euro-zone countries, especially in Italy, where the majority of staff is located.
143. As stressed in the Director-General's Introduction, and for reasons more fully described below, to develop the estimates for cost increases in 2002-03, a rate of 1 = US$ 0.880 (Lira 2,200 to US$ 1) has been used.
144. This rate will, as per established practice, affect the budgeted cost for personnel services as follows:
a) firstly, through its effect upon professional staff post adjustment multipliers and some benefits earned by staff in Euro-zone countries, notably Italy; and
b) secondly, by changing the US Dollar amount of general service salary costs incurred in Euro.
145. The impact of the exchange rate on other categories of cost is less apparent. In practice, shifts in exchange rate relationships tend to be gradually absorbed by their relative impact upon international prices and FAO's continuing efforts to find the best price for goods and services. However, one area where the currency impact on non-staff costs cannot be ignored is for those categories of expenditure where the Organization has no practical alternative to procuring the required goods and services in a single country, particularly in the host country, and in Austria, where FAO supports the joint programme with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
146. Under the current practice, the budget rate is set by the Conference. It is based on the spot rate on the day of the Conference Resolution on the budget. Thereafter, the budget thus voted is protected from further movements in the Lira/US Dollar rate of exchange via a forward purchase contract which allows the Organization to meet future needs for Euro at, or close to, the rate at which the budget is approved. This involves entering into 24 monthly forward purchases of Lira/Euro for US Dollars, at a fixed US Dollar/Lira rate, with the amount covered by the forward contract being the estimated monthly value of Lira/Euro disbursements during the biennium.
147. At its 96th session in May 2001, the Finance Committee took note of the present mechanisms to protect the Programme of Work and Budget against exchange rate fluctuations, notably the Euro/US Dollar rate. The Committee was informed that under current market conditions, the present methodology as applied to budget rates and forward purchase would entail minor costs. It was also informed that the Secretariat planned to seek expert advice on this and related matters from the external experts, including the Advisory Committee on Investments. The latter Committee, which met in May 2001, noted that the present methodology of forward purchase had the advantage of simplicity and
54 Budgetary Framework
advised that, because of its limited staff capabilities, FAO should continue using the simplest hedging techniques.
148. Given the volatility of the Euro/US Dollar exchange rate and the generally held perception that the US Dollar is over-valued vis à vis the Euro, the Director-General decided to eliminate the risk of a major downturn in the US Dollar and, therefore, in the purchasing power of the Appropriation in US Dollars, by anticipating the timing of the forward purchase contract. A contract covering current expenditure levels was entered into in late July at a rate of 1 = US$ 0.880 (Lira 2,200 to US$ 1). Noting that this rate of exchange is effectively guaranteed for the biennium, it is also the Director-General's proposal that it be approved by the Conference as the budget rate for 2002-03.
149. To ensure clarity of budgetary impact, the effect of this Euro/US Dollar exchange rate is clearly identified in the Cost Increase tables that follow.
150. The worldwide presence of the Organization implies that the relationship of the US Dollar to the local currencies in which FAO has decentralized offices (i.e. Regional, Sub-regional, Liaison Offices and FAO Representations) can also have a significant impact upon costs. The estimates for cost increases have been adjusted to reflect the prevailing US Dollar rates of exchange and the actual local costs experience up to mid-2001. The US Dollar exchange rate has fluctuated substantially against these currencies in the past two years, which has often been offset by significant local rates of inflation. For example, in Ghana, where FAO has its largest regional office, the local currency (Cedi) has depreciated by 66 percent against the US Dollar in the past two years. The Organization has no financial instruments in place to protect the budget against possible adverse movements in the US Dollar rate of exchange against non-Euro currencies. However, the Programme of Work can be protected as unbudgeted extra costs due to movements of currency exchange rates may be covered by the Special Reserve Account9.
Biennialization and Inflation
151. As in previous biennia, cost increases are analysed under the headings of Biennialization and Inflation.
152. Biennialization reflects the full biennial effect of cost adjustments that have occurred at some stage during the current biennium (and, therefore, for only part of the 24-month period) but which will be incurred for the full 24 months in 2002-03. It includes US Dollar-denominated cost adjustments for the decentralized offices to reflect the prevailing US Dollar rates of exchange and the actual experience of local costs. Therefore, biennialization reflects the financial impact in 2002-03 of changes that will have occurred before the end of 2001. It is not based
9 Conference Resolution 13/81 refers
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 55
on long-term forecasts, which are understandably more prone to forecasting error.
153. Inflation, on the other hand, represents the cost impact in 2002-03 of those increases that are expected to take effect at various points in the next biennium (i.e. on or after 1 January 2002 and before 31 December 2003).
Lapse Factor
154. The lapse factor is a technique used by a number of organizations in the United Nations system, which affects the budgetary estimates of staff costs. It consists of a reduction of the budgetary provision for the estimated cost of established posts to account for the fact that some of them will be vacant for some time as a result of staff movements. The lapse factor methodology approved by the Council at its 107th session for application since the 1996-97 budget, has again been applied to the Programme of Work and Budget 2002-03.
155. In accordance with this methodology, several new posts have been costed in the programme budget for only part of the next biennium, where the expected incumbency period is less than the full biennium.
156. The methodology for ongoing posts is based on three factors:a) staff turnover rates, as measured through separations;b) standard recruitment times; andc) the extent to which separations are foreseen, so that recruitment action
can be anticipated and the effective lead time thus reduced.
157. In accordance with the established methodology, a five-year moving average has been applied (i.e. 1996 through 2000 inclusive). This results is an average turnover rate of 8.56 percent for professional staff and 5.15 percent for general service staff. Comparing to the five-year moving average used in the PWB 2000-01, the turnover rate has now decreased by 0.85 for professionals and 0.46 for general service. The decrease is largely attributed to the fact that 1995 turnover rates (the highest since 1990 in both professional and general service categories) have now been excluded from the lapse factor calculations.
158. The current standard recruitment lead times are as follows: professional - 42 weeks or 0.81 years; and general service - 25 weeks or 0.48 years.
159. The extent of separations which can be foreseen is derived from a review of the reasons for separation, the results of which are summarised below:
56 Budgetary Framework
Extent to which Recruitment Action can be ForeseenProfessional General Service
Category of Separations % of Population
No. of weeks foreseen % of Population
No. of weeks foreseen
Foreseen separations (e.g. mandatory retirements)
44% 42 weeks or more 22% 25 weeks or more
Foreseen separations for a limited period (e.g. resignations with notice)
160. These results have been applied to calculate the 2002-03 lapse factor of 2.77 percent for professional and 1.38 percent for general service costs respectively in arriving at the financial estimates for 2002-03. Weighting these on the basis of respective costs for the revised programme base produces an average lapse factor of 2.31 percent. This compares with lapse factor figures of 4.41 percent for professional and 1.64 percent for general service in 2000-01.
161. The decrease in lapse factor is explained by two factors: first, a lower five-year moving average for staff separations, as explained above, and second, a higher share of separations in 1999 and 2000 than could be foreseen in the past.
Analysis of Cost Increases162. The table which follows shows the cost increases summarised by major component, indicating separately the amounts attributable to biennialization of cost increases incurred in 2000-01 from cost increases due to inflation in 2002-03. Explanation of the most significant increases and the main assumptions made in forecasting the amounts are described below.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 57
Summary of Cost Increases for 2002-03 (All Amounts in US$ 000)
2002-03 RG Programme
Base
Biennialization Inflation Total Increase for
2002-03
Euro/US$ Currency
Adjustment
Proposed RG Budget 2002-03
PERSONNEL SERVICES:Salaries and Allowances
Basic Professional Salaries and Post Adjustments
206,680 25,120 4,978 30,098 (25,309) 211,469
General Service Salaries 116,516 (4,316) 2,829 (1,487) (13,554) 101,475Pension Fund Contributions
70,949 800 1,542 2,342 (2,495) 70,796
Dependency Allowances 7,141 580 214 794 (244) 7,691Social Security 14,842 544 2,307 2,851 (1,104) 16,589Education Grant, Travel and Other Allowances
44,293 (1,382) 1,515 133 (2,317) 42,109
Sub-total Salaries and Allowances
460,420 21,347 13,385 34,732 (45,023) 450,129
After Service Benefits:Compensation Payments 535 24 112 136 (23) 648After Service Medical Care
Total Personnel Services 489,334 23,267 15,375 38,642 (46,010) 481,966GOODS AND SERVICES:
Other Human Resources 159,071 0 7,435 7,435 (200) 166,306Travel on Official Business
37,469 0 1,075 1,075 0 38,544
General Operating Expenses
62,993 0 2,696 2,696 (1,000) 64,689
Furniture, Equipment and Vehicles
20,853 0 757 757 0 21,610
Total Goods and Services 280,386 0 11,962 11,962 (1,200) 291,148Programme of Work 769,720 23,267 27,337 50,604 (47,210) 773,114Less: Income (84,186) 0 (215) (215) 0 (84,401)NET BUDGET 685,534 23,267 27,122 50,389 (47,210) 688,713
Personnel Services
163. Differentiated standard rates for professional positions by location, which take account of distinct cost levels in FAO's major duty stations, were implemented in the PWB 2000-01. The absolute level of professional and general service salaries and benefits varies between locations, for example with respect to payments for hardship, mobility
58 Budgetary Framework
and rental allowances for professional staff, and best prevailing local salary conditions for general service staff. The estimated cost increases at each location are also dependent on economic factors which differ from country to country, and the cost increase assumptions below take due account of distinct cost trends and economic projections in each of FAO's major duty stations.
Basic Professional Salaries and Post Adjustment
164. The salaries of staff in the professional and higher categories are made up of two main elements: a base/floor salary and a post adjustment, both expressed in US Dollars. The base/floor salary scale is applied worldwide and is established by the UN General Assembly on the recommendation of the ICSC. The ICSC is also responsible for determining the post adjustment level (multiplier) to ensure that professional salaries have the same purchasing power at all duty stations. FAO accepted the statute of the ICSC in March 1975.
165. The level of the post adjustment is determined by periodic place-to-place cost-of-living surveys conducted by the ICSC secretariat every four to five years. The purpose of these surveys is to establish the cost-of-living relationship between the surveyed duty station and New York, the base of the post adjustment system. The results of the survey are then updated monthly to reflect changes due to inflation and exchange rate fluctuations.
166. Such a survey was carried out by the ICSC secretariat in Rome in October 2000, as part of the ICSC's round of surveys of all UN-Headquarters duty stations. The Rome survey for professional staff covered price data collection and index calculations for a basket of goods and services. In addition to the price collection, all international officials in grades P-1 to D-1 were requested to report on their housing and domestic service costs.
167. The purpose of the housing survey was to collect data for the establishment of duty station specific weights for rents and housing costs and the calculation of rental subsidy thresholds. This information was derived from a questionnaire that was distributed to 1,233 staff members. A total of 444 questionnaires or about 36 percent were received. The questionnaires also provided the costs and weights for domestic services.
168. Furthermore, a sample of international officials in grades P-1 through D-1 was requested to report on their household expenditures. A second questionnaire was distributed for this purpose to a random sample of 722 staff members located in Rome. A total of 217 questionnaires or about 30 percent were received. The expenditure data was used in the calculation of common weights for the seven UN Headquarters duty stations.
169. The report on this survey was reviewed by the Advisory Committee on Post Adjustment Questions (ACPAQ) in March 2001 and approved by the ICSC in June 2001. The result of the place-to-place survey were
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 59
implemented from July 2001, and included a further adjustment for inflation in Italy in the period from October 2000, when the survey was conducted to the effective date of implementation of the results.
170. Thus, under Basic Professional Salaries and Post Adjustments, a cost increase of US$ 24 million is attributable under biennialization to a technical review by the ACPAQ which resulted in an increase in the Headquarters post adjustment of 12.2 percent as of the base date of the survey (October 2000) and at the exchange rate prevailing at the time (Lira 2,186 to the US Dollar). In fact, the effective increase at the rate of Lira 2,186 was limited to 12.2 percent because the salaries in Rome were below the worldwide floor of UN salary scales. The impact at the budget rate of exchange of Lira 1,875 amounted to a larger increase, of 15.3 percent, and the adjustment for inflation in the intervening period amounts to a further 2.5 percent approximately.
171. With regard to other duty stations, biennialization also includes the impact of a cost-of-living adjustment of 9.7 percent in Washington, effective July 2001; and the effect in Bangkok of the consolidation of 5.1 multiplier points into base salaries in March 2001, ostensibly on a no-gain-no-loss basis, but which was not cost neutral as salaries in Bangkok were already at the base salary level, which represents the floor for worldwide UN professional salaries. Offsetting some of the increases under biennialization are cost decreases in FAOR locations and in the Regional Office for Africa (RAF), in particular, on account of the need to adjust the planned salary rates of these decentralized offices for the effect of more favourable exchange rates against the US Dollar.
172. Under inflation, the expected professional salary levels for staff will also be influenced by the annual cost of living change to the post adjustment. This would normally be implemented in the month of July for Rome-based staff and is projected at 2 percent in July 2002 and July 2003. The US Dollar denominated inflation adjustments projected for non-Headquarters staff range from 2 percent per annum for most locations to a maximum of 7.7 percent for Harare (SAFR).
General Service Salaries
173. The biennialization of General Service Salaries includes a substantial overall decrease for Headquarters staff, following a review of current Headquarters salary budget rates versus actual cost trends to mid-2001. Downward adjustments for Headquarters salaries include the impact of the implementation of accrual principles for all After Service Benefits, particularly Terminal Payments, supported by actuarial valuations and their statistical allocation between the general service and professional categories (see below). Downward adjustment has also arisen on account of the lower than expected increase in general service salaries effective November 1999 (1.55 percent versus 3 percent estimated) and a revision for the impact of the International Labour Organization (ILO) Administrative Tribunal Judgement of January 1998 on the language factor, following a successful appeal by Headquarters staff.
60 Budgetary Framework
This has been partly offset by an ICSC-approved salary increase of 4.25 percent, retroactive to November 2000, following a recently completed place-to-place survey at Headquarters. The ICSC again decided not to take into account the language factor, which could have added a further 3.7 percent to the increase for Headquarters general service staff from November 2000. Although the ICSC claims to have defensible technical grounds to exclude the language factor, for the purposes of the budget, financial provision has been foreseen for an additional language factor adjustment in Headquarters salaries. A further cost of living adjustment of 3 percent is foreseen in November 2001 for Headquarters staff and is included under biennialization.
174. With regard to the decentralized offices, biennialization also reflects the impact of lower general service salary costs incurred than what was planned in the PWB 2000-01 for Accra (RAF), on account of more favourable exchange rates against the US Dollar.
175. Under inflation, an estimated 3 percent increase in Headquarters general service salaries is foreseen effective November 2002 and 2 percent in November 2003. The US Dollar denominated inflation adjustments projected for non-Headquarters general service staff range from 1 percent per annum in Cairo (RNE), Apia (SAPA) and Tunis (SNEA), to 5 percent per annum in Accra (RAF) and Harare (SAFR).
Other Salaries and Allowances
176. Biennialization of Pension Fund Contributions is attributable to an increase of 3.63 percent in pensionable remuneration for professional staff, promulgated by the ICSC in October 2000 (compared with a foreseen increment of 3 percent in the PWB 2000-01), and the impact on pension contributions of the 2000-01 increase in general service salaries at Headquarters. Under inflation, the estimated increases are consistent with the overall rates of inflation of professional and general service salaries in 2002-03.
177. Under Dependency Allowances, biennialization reflects the impact on children's and secondary dependents' allowance of an 11.89 percent increase for professional staff in 2001. Under inflation, an increase of 5 percent is foreseen in 2003. Increases for the general service category are assumed to correspond to their estimated salary increases in 2002-03.
178. Under Social Security, which comprises the Organization's payment to staff medical schemes, biennialization brings the provision to the actual rate of expenditure in the 2000 accounts. Under inflation, in view of recent medical claims history, a rise of 15 percent is forecast to take effect upon the commencement of the new medical coverage contract from January 2002.
179. With regard to Education Grant, Travel and Other Allowances, current expenditure patterns indicate that cost increases, which have taken effect during the current biennium, can be absorbed. Education
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 61
grant provisions, amounting to approximately US$ 17 million in the current biennium, are reviewed every two years by the ICSC. An increase in the education grant ceiling of up to 13 percent in key countries became effective 1 January 2001, and an overall biennial increase of 5 percent has been included.
After Service Benefits
180. After Service Benefits are staff members' entitlements which become payable at the end of service. The evaluation of the Organization's liability and the periodic contributions for after service benefits is based on actuarial valuations that are normally conducted every biennium for retroactive application in that biennium. The Organization needs to make financial provision for the following liabilities as they are earned: Compensation Payments; After Service Medical Coverage (ASMC); Terminal Payments; and Separation Payments.
181. Compensation Payments are due to staff members and their dependents in case of death, injury or illness attributable to the performance of official duties. Compensation payments are subject to actuarial review to ascertain the liabilities and the recommended rates of contribution. The plan is fully-funded. The amounts provided for 2002-03 are consistent with the rate of contributions in the last valuation as at 31 December 1999 and include an inflationary increase for 2002-03 to take account of possible adverse changes in the actuarial assumptions in the next valuation.
182. The accounting and funding aspects of the ASMC liability have been the subject of many reports and explicit action since 1997. The unaccrued ASMC liability in respect of past service of staff members, which amounted to US$ 195.1 million on 31 December 1997 and US$ 109.6 million two years later, is being amortised over a period of 30 years outside the budgetary appropriations. The decrease in After Service Medical Coverage costs under biennialization reflects the results of the latest available actuarial valuation as of 31 December 1999, which has determined a reduced provision for current service costs. This provision has varied considerably since the first actuarial valuation in 1996, and it is considered prudent to include an inflationary increase for 2002-03, bringing the overall provision closer to the amount required in the 1997 actuarial valuation.
183. Terminal Payments relate to payments of accrued leave, repatriation grant, termination indemnity, the cost of repatriation travel and the removal of household goods for all eligible staff. In the PWB 2000-01, such costs were budgeted on the basis of planned cash expenditure. Since the 1998-99 accounts, however, terminal payments have been accounted on the basis of an actuarial valuation, whereas prior to this date, they were charged to expenditure on a cash paid basis. As at 31 December 1999, there was an unaccrued Regular Programme liability of US$ 20.8 million. The Director-General proposes to address the unfunded liability outside the budgetary appropriations by extending the
62 Budgetary Framework
funding mechanism under Conference Resolution 10/99 to cover this liability. In the meantime, however, the rate of the provision for 2002-03 is consistent with the last valuation as at 31 December 1999 and the amounts charged in the 1998-99 accounts.
184. Separation Payments are due to general service category staff at Headquarters who are entitled to receive a separation payment equivalent to 1/13.5 of yearly salary for each year of service completed after 1 January 1975. The provision for General Service Separation Payments Scheme is consistent with the recommended rates of contribution in the latest actuarial valuation as at 31 December 1999.
Lapse Factor
185. As noted above, in accordance with the methodology approved by the Council at its 107th session for application since the 1996-97 budget, the average lapse factor has decreased from 3.46 percent in 2000-01 to 2.31 percent in 2002-03. The resulting financial impact of the decrease in the lapse factor is US$ 6 million and taken into account as cost increases. It is shown separately, under biennialization, in the tables on cost increases.
Breakdown of Personnel Services between Professional and General Service Categories
186. The following tables break down the professional and general service staff costs for 2002-0310 and show a net increase before currency adjustment of 11.8 percent and 0.2 percent respectively. After taking account of the impact of the US Dollar/Lira currency adjustment from the current budget rate of Lira 1,875 to the 2002-03 forward purchase rate of Lira 2,200 ( 1 = US$ 0.880), the adjusted cost increase amounts to 3.1 percent and minus 10.8 percent respectively over the biennium.Professional Staff Cost Increases – Programme of Work and Budget 2002-03
Budget Component 2002-03 RG Programme
Base
Biennialization
Inflation Total Increase
for 2002-03
Euro/US$ Currency
Adjustment
Proposed RG Budget 2002-03
Basic Professional Salaries and Post Adjustment 206,680 25,120 4,978 30,098 (25,309) 211,469Pension Fund Contributions 49,976 1,111 1,022 2,133 0 52,109Dependency Allowances 4,440 522 124 646 0 5,086Social Security 5,779 45 874 919 (551) 6,147Education Grant, Travel and Other Allowances 43,173 (1,399) 1,493 94 (2,262) 41,005Compensation Payments 383 18 80 98 0 481After Service Medical Care 8,879 (2,661) 1,243 (1,418) 0 7,461Terminal Payments 6,943 136 0 136 (24) 7,055Adjustment for Lapse Factor 5,676 5,676 5,676Total 326,251 28,570 9,814 38,384 (28,146) 336,489
10 Actuarial valuations for After Service Benefits are not provided separately for professional and general service costs and are thus allocated on the basis of appropriate statistical keys
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 63
General Service Staff Cost Increases – Programme of Work and Budget 2002-03Budget Component 2002-03 RG
Programme Base
Biennialization
Inflation Total Increase for
2002-03
Euro/US$ Currency
Adjustment
Proposed RG Budget 2002-03
General Services Salaries 116,516 (4,316) 2,829 (1,487) (13,554) 101,475Pension Fund Contributions 20,973 (311) 520 209 (2,495) 18,687Dependency Allowances 2,700 59 90 149 (244) 2,605Social Security 9,063 499 1,433 1,932 (553) 10,442Education Grant, Travel and Other Allowances 1,120 17 22 39 (55) 1,104Compensation Payments 152 6 32 38 (23) 167After Service Medical Care 4,535 (1,360) 635 (725) 0 3,810Terminal Payments 1,350 28 0 28 0 1,378Separation Payments Scheme 6,674 (307) 0 (307) (940) 5,427Adjustment for Lapse Factor 0 382 0 382 0 382Total 163,083 (5,303) 5,561 258 (17,864) 145,477
Goods and Services
187. Other Human Resources consists of non-staff human resources in the form of consultants and contracts, temporary assistance and overtime payments to general service staff. Under inflation, a cost increase of 3.0 percent effective January 2002 and January 2003 is included for consultants and contracts for human resources. The amount provided is well below the projected trends in US earnings growth by the Economist Intelligence Unit of 3.2 percent and 3.6 percent respectively as well as projected trends in Italian wage inflation of 3.3 percent in 2002 and 3.6 percent in 2003. Overtime payments have been subject to a 2 percent inflation increase per annum. Also included, however, is an exceptional increase of US$ 600,000 to partially cover the cost increase for FAO's share of the costs of the Office of the United Nations Security Coordinator (UNSECCORD) secretariat in New York as well as likely changes to the cost sharing formula between the participating agencies. Finally, the currency adjustment reflects the favourable impact of currency differences in the cost of contractual services for the Austrian-based joint programme on Agricultural Applications of Isotopes and Biotechnology with IAEA.
188. Travel costs normally follow the ACC recommendations which, in January 2001 recommended that they be increased by 1.9 percent per annum for 2002 and 2003.
189. The inflation under General Operating Expenses has been based on estimated rates of inflation for Italy which, according to the Economist Intelligence Unit are forecast at 2.2 percent in 2002 and 2.4 percent in 2003. Due account has also been taken of an exceptional increase in rent for the Liaison Office in New York, as well as increases in certain Headquarters utility costs. Under currency adjustment, the net impact of differences between the current budget exchange rate of Lira 1,875 and the forward contract exchange rate for 2002-03 of Lira 2,200 ( 1 =
64 Budgetary Framework
US$ 0.880) is estimated at US$ 1 million in costs associated with the maintenance of Headquarters buildings relating to goods and services that must be sourced locally (e.g. utilities, maintenance of premises, etc.).
190. Under Furniture, Equipment and Vehicles, it has been assumed that most of the expenditure will be incurred under international tendering provisions for which US rates of inflation are considered more appropriate. Accordingly, an estimated rate of inflation of 2.3 percent for 2002 and 2.6 percent for 2003, corresponding to the projected trends in US consumer price index growth by the Economist Intelligence Unit, has been applied.
Income
191. Most categories of Other Income are not affected by cost increases, as the current estimates are already based on the nominal levels of reimbursements for 2002-03. This is the case, for example, for AOS income and government counterpart cash contributions for the FAORs. However, arrangements with the World Bank and other financial institutions permit cost reimbursement as a percentage of actual costs incurred, and largely account for the estimated increase in income, under cost increases, of US$ 215,000.
Summary of Cost Increases by Budget Component192. The following table summarises the cost increases after currency adjustment by budget component. It is emphasised that these budget components include some "composite" items, such as computer services and internal chargeback services, as well as the provision for personnel inputs and goods and services. It, therefore, follows that the components below are not individually comparable with the aforementioned descriptions of personnel services and goods and services. Thus, for example, the professional and general service budget components below exclude the staff inputs involved in the translation of documents, interpretation services for meetings and staff involved in the provision of computer services through the computer pool account.
193. The biennial rate of cost increases is the net effect of applying two annual increases to each year of the biennium. For example, assuming a 2 percent increase in 2002 and a 3 percent increase in 2003 on a biennial budget of US$ 100, the calculation of the biennial rate is as follows:
2000 cost of US$ 50 x 2%
= 51.00
2001 cost of US$ 51 x 3%
= 52.53
Total 103.53
194. The biennial rate in this example is, therefore, 3.53 percent. Conversely, this process can be reversed so that a biennial rate can be
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 65
converted to an annual rate of inflation. In this example, the biennial rate of 3.53 percent is equivalent to an annual average rate of 2.33 percent.PWB 2002-03 Programme of Work after Cost Increases by Budget Component
2002-03 RG Proposal
Cost Increases1
% Inflation for the
Biennium
Annualized Equivalent of Inflation
Professional staff located at Headquarters 206,174 6,241 3.0% 2.0%Professional staff posted at Regional, Sub-regional or Liaison locations
65,656 2,923 4.5% 2.9%
Professional and NPO staff posted at all other locations (FAORs and other sundry locations)
40,186 663 1.6% 1.1%
General Service staff located at Headquarters 119,578 (19,050) (15.9%) (11.0%)General Service staff posted at Regional, Sub-regional or Liaison locations
14,503 713 4.9% 3.3%
General Service staff posted at all other locations (FAORs and other sundry locations)
20,199 2,200 10.9% 7.1%
Temporary assistance 7,761 199 2.6% 1.7%Non-staff human resources 135,621 6,500 4.8% 3.2%Travel 36,755 939 2.6% 1.7%Computer services 24,347 (99) (0.4%) (0.2%)Internal chargeback services 25,093 2 0.0% 0.0%Furniture, equipment and vehicles 20,377 699 3.4% 2.3%General operating expenses 53,470 1,456 2.7% 1.8%Total Expenditures 769,720 3,386 0.4% 0.3%External Income 84,186 215 0.3% 0.2%Net Total 685,534 3,171 0.5% 0.3%*i.e. Total of biennialization + inflation after currency adjustment
195. Cost increases are applied to every programme entity in the Programme Budget in accordance with the planned distribution of resources by budget component. The introduction of country-specific cost increases for personnel services causes some redistribution of the budget between programmes, with some locations receiving a larger share of the overall cost increases in 2002-03. In particular, at the proposed Euro/US Dollar rate of exchange for 2002-03, the overall impact of cost increases is made up of a substantial decline in general service costs and a small increase in professional costs at Headquarters, offset by overall increases in professional and general service costs at decentralized locations. It, therefore, follows, for example, that programme entities which include a high proportion of Headquarters general service costs will experience a cost decrease in 2002-03. Conversely, programmes incurring a high proportion of decentralized staff and non-staff costs will receive the largest share of cost increases.
196. The overall biennial rate of cost increases at the forward contract rate of Lira 2,200 ( 1 = US$ 0.880) for 2002-03 works out at 0.5 percent. The proposed cost increases for 2002-03 is equivalent to an average annual rate of 0.3 percent.
66 Budgetary Framework
Budget Level and Funding197. The RG and ZRG budgets as proposed would be financed as follows:Funding of the Programme of Work and Budget Under RG and ZRG
Amounts in US$ 000 2000-01 PWB 2002-03 PWB RG
2002-03 PWB ZRG
Programme of Work 734,453 734,186 734,186Less: Other Income (84,453) (84,186) (84,186)Net Programme Change 0 35,534 0Net Requirements (at 2000-01 Cost Levels) 650,000 685,534 650,000Add: Estimated Cost Increases (at 1 Euro = 0.880 US$) 0 3,171 1,758Appropriation 650,000 688,705 651,758Less: Miscellaneous Income (6,896) (6,695) (6,695)Assessed Contributions 643,104 682,010 645,063Percentage Increase in Assessed Contributions versus 2000-01 6.0% 0.3%
198. The proposal for a RG budget would result in an increase in US Dollar assessments of 6.0 percent. The zero real growth scenario would imply an increase in assessments of 0.3 percent using the same cost increase assumptions.
199. A system of split assessments has been the subject of preliminary consideration by the Finance Committee as a means of protecting the Programme of Work within and between biennia11. Split assessments would entail the development of the appropriation and collection of assessed contributions partly in Euro and the remainder in US Dollars. The overall proportion to be collected in each currency would correspond to the Regular Programme obligations of the Organization denominated in Euro and non-Euro currencies, which are very tentatively estimated at 46 and 54 percent respectively.
200. An estimate of the Euro and US Dollar appropriation under such system is provided below, for information purposes, for the RG and ZRG scenarios.Funding of the Programme of Work and Budget Under Split Assessments
2002-03 PWB RG 2002-03 PWB ZRG
US Dollar Appropriation (in US$ 000) 368,285 348,334Euro Appropriation (in 000) 356,505 337,192
11 Document FC 95/9 entitled Protection of the Organization's Programme of Work Against Exchange Rate Fluctuations, refers
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 67
Programme BudgetSummary Tables
2000-01 BudgetTable 1 Summary of 2000-01 Programme of Work and Appropriation by Chapter and Major
Programme: Comparison of 2000-01 Budget with 2000-01 Forecast Expenditure
2002-03 BudgetTable 2 Summary of Other Income Estimates by Source and Major Programme: Comparison of
2000-01 Budget to 2002-03 Budget at 2000-01 Costs
Table 3 Summary of 2002-03 Programme of Work and Appropriation by Chapter and Major Programme at 2000-01 Costs
Table 4 Estimate of 2002-03 Programme of Work and Trust Fund Activities by Chapter and Major Programme at 2000-01 Costs
Table 5 Summary of Cost Increases on 2002-03 Programme of Work and Appropriation by Chapter and Major Programme
Table 6 Summary of Programme of Work and Appropriation by Chapter and Major Programme at 2002-03 Costs Reduced to Zero Real Growth
56 Programme Budget
Table 1: Summary of 2000-01 Programme of Work and Appropriation by Chapter and Major Programme: Comparison of 2000-01 Budget with 2000-01 Forecast Expenditure (All Amounts in US$ 000)
Major 2000-01 Budget 2000-01 Forecast Expenditure Variance of Actual (Over)/Under Budget
Programme
and Description Programme
Less: Appropriation
Gross Less: Net Programme
Less: Appropriation
Chapter of Work Income Expenditure Income Expenditure of Work Income
TOTAL 734,453 84,453 650,000 725,724 75,939 649,784 8,729 8,514 216
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 57
Table 2: Summary of Other Income Estimates by Source and Major Programme: Comparison of 2000-01 Budget to 2002-03 Budget at 2000-01 Costs(All Amounts in US$ 000)
Major 2000-01 Budget 2002-03 Budget Variance 2002-03Program
me(at 2000-01 costs) Over (under)
2000-01and Description Jointly Technical Admin. Other Total Jointly Technica
lAdmin. Other Total
Chapter Funded Support Support Items Other Funded Support Support Items Other US$ 000 Percent
Activities Services Services Income Activities Services Services Income
Table 3: Summary of 2002-03 Programme of Work and Appropriation by Chapter and Major Programme at 2000-01 Costs (All Amounts in US$ 000)Major 2000-01 Budget Programme Change 2002-03 Proposal before Cost
IncreasesProgramm
eand Description Programme Less: Appropriatio
nProgramme Less: Appropriatio
nProgramm
eLess: Appropriatio
nChapter of Work Income of Work Income of Work Income
Table 5: Summary of Cost Increases on 2002-03 Programme of Work and Appropriation by Chapter and Major Programme (All Amounts in US$ 000)Major 2002-03 Proposal before Cost
IncreasesCost Increases 2002-03 Proposal after Cost
IncreasesProgramm
eand Description Programm
eLess: Appropriatio
nProgramm
eLess: Appropriatio
nProgramm
eLess: Appropriatio
nChapter of Work Income of Work Income of Work Income
TOTAL 769,720 84,186 685,534 3,386 215 3,171 773,106 84,401 688,705
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 61
Table 6: Summary of Programme of Work and Appropriation by Chapter and Major Programme at 2002-03 Costs Reduced to Zero Real Growth(All Amounts in US$ 000)Major 2002-03 Real Growth Programme Change 2002-03 Zero Real Growth with Cost
IncreasesProgramm
eand Description Programme Less: Appropriatio
nProgramm
eLess: Appropriatio
nProgramm
eLess: Appropriatio
nChapter of Work Income of Work Income of Work Income
TOTAL 773,106 84,401 688,705 (36,958) (11) (36,947) 736,148 84,390 651,758
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 77
Chapter 1: General Policy and Direction
(All amounts in US$ 000)Major Programme 2000-01
Programme of Work
RG Program
me Change
RG 2002-03
Programme of Work
ZRG Program
me Change
ZRG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
Trust Fund
1.1
Governing Bodies 17,671 41 17,712 0 17,712 17
1.2
Policy, Direction and Planning 22,479 1,533 24,012 (1,000) 23,012 284
1.3
External Coordination and Liaison 13,140 (9) 13,131 (177) 12,954 813
1.9
Programme Management 789 29 818 0 818 0
Total 54,079
1,594 55,673
(1,177) 54,496
1,114
Cost Increases 444 397Total - recosted 56,11
754,89
3
201. This chapter covers well established provisions for Governing Bodies, as well as a number of offices, principally at Headquarters, but also outside Rome (Liaison Offices). Some savings are still possible under Programme 1.1.1 on account of further efficiency gains. Due attention is paid to balanced language coverage (e.g. for Regional Conferences). The Conference, Council and Protocol Affairs Division (GIC) requires strengthening for improved translation services and handling of relationships with Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs) – Programme 1.1.2. The major increase under this chapter is for replacement of the Programme Planning and Budgeting System (PLANSYS) under Programme 1.2.2. Finally, some increases are necessary under the Office of Director-General to regularise temporary posts; under the Office of the Inspector-General to enhance audit work; and for strengthening liaison and coordination work with the UN system under Programme 1.3.1, which are largely offset by reductions under Liaison Offices (Programme 1.3.2).
78 Chapter 1: General Policy and Direction
Major Programme 1.1: Governing Bodies(All amounts in US$ 000)
Programme 2000-01 Program
me of Work
RG Program
me Change
RG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
ZRG Program
me Change
ZRG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
Trust Fund
1.1.1
Conference and Council 7,367 (634) 6,733 0 6,733 17
1.1.2
Conference Services 7,176 558 7,734 0 7,734 0
1.1.3
Protocol Services 1,905 129 2,034 0 2,034 0
1.1.9
Programme Management 1,223 (12) 1,211 0 1,211 0
Total 17,671
41 17,712
0 17,712
17
Cost Increases (682) (682)Total - recosted 17,03
017,03
0
Programme 1.1.1: Conference and Council(All amounts in US$ 000)
202. This programme covers the direct costs of sessions of the Conference and Council, as well as some Council Committees and FAO Regional Conferences. Expenditures relate primarily to costs for documentation, interpretation and short-term staff, in addition to the travel of government representatives, as provided for in the Financial Regulations. The programme also includes provisions related to the McDougall Memorial Lecture and commemorative awards.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 79
2002-03 Estimates by Funding Source, Unit and Region (US$ 000)
Funding Source Organizational Unit Region
Fund Total Unit Programme
Trust Total Region Total
of Work FundProgramme of Work AFIP 3 0 3 Global 5,663Regular Programme 6,733 GIC 5,660 0 5,660 Inter Regional 7
RO 1,070 17 1,087 Africa 281Programme of Work 6,733 Asia and
Pacific245
Trust Fund Activities Near East 161Trust Funds 17 Europe 245Trust Fund Activities 17 Latin America 148Programme 1.1.1 Total 6,750 6,733 17 6,750 6,750
Programme 1.1.2: Conference Services(All amounts in US$ 000)
Programme Entity 2000-01 Program
me of Work
RG Program
me Change
RG 2002-03
Programme of Work
ZRG Program
me Change
ZRG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
1.1.2.1 Support to Governing Bodies and Relations with Governments
3,826 267 4,093 0 4,093
1.1.2.2 Meeting Programming and Documentation Services
Sub-programme 1.1.2.1: Support to Governing Bodies andRelations with Governments
203. This sub-programme covers the cost of the Secretariat for Conference and Council sessions, including preparation of agendas, coordination of documents' production, and provision of necessary procedural and logistical arrangements. It also includes management and production of official correspondence from the Director-General to senior levels of governments.
204. This sub-programme deals with: meetings' planning; arrangement of meetings' facilities at Headquarters; provision of interpretation services and translation of documents into FAO languages, including terminology; final typing of translated documents; and internal printing of meetings' papers. GIC is facing an increase in translation volumes and interpretation at meetings in order to respond to the Conference's emphasis on more balanced use of FAO languages. This is partly being
80 Chapter 1: General Policy and Direction
met by higher use of contractual services, and partly by re-configuring staff functions to enhance quality control of external work, hence an adjustment of resource levels to enable GIC to ensure the quality of language versions of often complex texts. The division will continue to introduce new technologies in all activities, including computer-assisted translation tools and new terminological software.
205. GIC will provide remote translation services from Headquarters to field locations for in-session production of required language versions of meetings' reports. Remote translation is planned for Regional Conferences and all major meetings held at locations with reliable communications infrastructures.
206. New technologies are also being introduced in GIC's central printing facilities at Headquarters, which produces all meetings' documents, large reports from corporate financial and personnel systems and other materials. The division plans to further extend the use of on-demand printing, thereby reducing the need for bulk printing of documents and long-term storage of publications.
207. Interpretation services and translation of documents and internal printing activities are carried out under two self-financing pool accounts. The expected level of resources to be managed through these pool accounts is in excess of US$ 14 million. These costs are to be recovered from the allocations provided under the pertinent programmes for meetings and publications.
2002-03 Estimates by Funding Source, Unit and Region (US$ 000)
Funding Source Organizational Unit Region
Fund Total Unit Programme
Trust Total Region Total
of Work FundProgramme of Work AFIP 520 0 520 Global 7,734Regular Programme 7,734 GIC 7,214 0 7,214 Inter Regional 0
Africa 0Programme of Work 7,734 Asia and
Pacific0
Trust Fund Activities Near East 0Trust Funds 0 Europe 0Trust Fund Activities 0 Latin America 0Programme 1.1.2 Total 7,734 7,734 0 7,734 7,734
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 81
Programme 1.1.3: Protocol Services(All amounts in US$ 000)
208. This programme covers liaison and protocol work at Headquarters, i.e. liaison with Permanent Representatives and Missions accredited to FAO, liaison with the host government regarding implementation of the Headquarters Agreement, and the issuance of travel documents, visas and identity cards.
2002-03 Estimates by Funding Source, Unit and Region (US$ 000)
Funding Source Organizational Unit Region
Fund Total Unit Programme
Trust Total Region Total
of Work FundProgramme of Work AFIP 145 0 145 Global 2,034Regular Programme 2,034 GIC 1,889 0 1,889 Inter Regional 0
Africa 0Programme of Work 2,034 Asia and
Pacific0
Trust Fund Activities Near East 0Trust Funds 0 Europe 0Trust Fund Activities 0 Latin America 0Programme 1.1.3 Total 2,034 2,034 0 2,034 2,034
82 Chapter 1: General Policy and Direction
Major Programme 1.2: Policy, Direction and Planning
209. This major programme covers: provisions for the immediate Office of Director-General (ODG), the Office of Programme, Budget and Evaluation (PBE) and the Office of the Inspector-General (AUD). It also includes the share of the total costs of the Legal Office (LEG) as relates to legal services to the Organization and the share of the cost of the Office for Coordination of Normative, Operational and Decentralized Activities (OCD) as relates to its overall coordination responsibilities. The remaining costs of the latter two offices are budgeted under Programme 3.1.3, Legal Assistance to Member Nations, Major Programme 3.4, FAO Representatives, and Programme 3.5.3, Cooperation Agreements with Member Nations and Support to ECDC and TCDC.
Impact of ZRG Resource LevelsWhile some start-up funds would remain, elimination of the substantial increase under Programme 1.2.2, Programme Planning, Budgeting and Evaluation, which is to meet most of the cost of replacing the current budget preparation and work planning system (PLANSYS) would imply further postponement of this much needed replacement.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 83
Programme 1.2.1: Director-General's Office(All amounts in US$ 000)
210. This programme covers the immediate Offices of the Director-General and the Deputy Director-General including the Cabinet and the Special Adviser to the Director-General. The increase is to regularise temporary posts.
2002-03 Estimates by Funding Source, Unit and Region (US$ 000)
Funding Source Organizational Unit Region
Fund Total Unit Programme
Trust Total Region Total
of Work FundProgramme of Work AFIP 305 0 305 Global 6,545Regular Programme 6,545 ODG 5,750 0 5,750 Inter Regional 0
SAD 490 0 490 Africa 0Programme of Work 6,545 Asia and
Pacific0
Trust Fund Activities Near East 0Trust Funds 0 Europe 0Trust Fund Activities 0 Latin America 0Programme 1.2.1 Total 6,545 6,545 0 6,545 6,545
Programme 1.2.2: Programme Planning, Budgeting and Evaluation
211. This programme covers the coordination of programme formulation leading to planning documents such as the Strategic Framework, Medium Term Plan (MTP) and biennial Programme of Work and Budget (PWB). It encompasses the full programming cycle through allotment setting,
84 Chapter 1: General Policy and Direction
implementation monitoring and evaluation and is supported by the appropriate corporate information systems at both centralized and decentralized levels. It also includes advice on budget formulation of field projects, and on the application of approved support cost recovery policies.
212. PBE also monitors and evaluates the likely flow of resources for all sources as well as external factors (e.g. inflation, exchange rates, etc.) which may impact upon the Programme of Work and acts as the focal point for the exchange of programme budget documents between agencies of the UN system and for contacts with the Joint Inspection Unit (JIU).
213. FAO's comprehensive evaluation practices will be pursued in accordance with the new regime approved by the Council. Evaluation arrangements will increasingly address the needs of the new programme budget process and in particular, the Strategic Framework. Field project and programme evaluation missions will aim at improving the overall approach to technical assistance, as well as the effectiveness of individual projects.
214. In addition to the above key planning documents, the office will prepare evaluation reports for consideration by the Programme Committee; the Programme Evaluation Report (PER) and the Programme Implementation Report (PIR), as major accountability reports, in cooperation with all units concerned.
215. The increased provision under real growth includes the cost of replacing PLANSYS budget preparation and work planning modules with an upgraded version fully integrated into the financial systems of the Organization, a project deferred from the biennium 2000-01.
2002-03 Estimates by Funding Source, Unit and Region (US$ 000)
Funding Source Organizational Unit Region
Fund Total Unit Programme
Trust Total Region Total
of Work FundProgramme of Work AFI 500 0 500 Global 8,118Regular Programme 6,831 AFIP 349 0 349 Inter Regional 0Credits for AOS 916 PBE 7,269 0 7,269 Africa 0WFP payments - Non-technical
60 Asia and Pacific
0
Secondments to Trust Funds
311 Near East 0
Programme of Work 8,118 Europe 0Trust Fund Activities Latin America 0Trust Funds 0Trust Fund Activities 0Programme 1.2.2 Total 8,118 8,118 0 8,118 8,118
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 85
Programme 1.2.3: Audit and Inspection(All amounts in US$ 000)
216. The audit and inspection function includes, as specified in FAO's Basic Texts, external audit as provided by the Auditor-General (or person exercising an equivalent function) of a Member Nation appointed by the Governing Bodies of the Organization and reporting directly to them, and by the Office of the Inspector-General (AUD) located in the Office of Director-General. AUD operates as an integral part of the Organization under policies established by senior management. Full cooperation is ensured between the Inspector-General and the External Auditor, for each to perform their different roles in a coordinated and complementary manner. In this respect the External Auditor automatically receives copies of the reports of the Inspector-General. In addition, local audits of imprest accounts, records, bank reconciliations and asset verification, which take place at FAO field and Liaison Offices, are budgeted under Programme 5.2.1 in recognition of their primary function to enhance internal control.
217. The audit strategy and scope of the Office of the Inspector-General retain the concept of comprehensive auditing embodying financial, compliance and value-for-money features. The office operates on an integrated basis which includes investigation, inspection, audit monitoring and management control. The programme will continue to assist management in improving the operations of the Organization and promoting control at reasonable cost; and to provide FAO units with advisory services to enable them to discharge their responsibilities in the most effective manner. The annual report of the Inspector-General to the Director-General, as well as any other similar reports that in the view of the Inspector-General should be made available, is communicated to the Finance Committee.
218. The programme will continue to comprise Headquarters activities for ensuring reliability and integrity of financial and operating information, compliance with the Organization's policies and rules, and the proper safeguarding of assets; decentralized activities for providing assurance that structures and offices away from Headquarters, as well as field operations, are run in an economical, efficient and effective manner; and special management assignments for conducting reviews to determine the economy, efficiency and effectiveness of management's
86 Chapter 1: General Policy and Direction
operations, for investigating potential fraud, and performing special reviews and studies.
219. Headquarters priorities will continue to focus on technical activities, without duplicating the work of the Evaluation Service and without losing sight of the need to continuously review the core financial and accounting functions. Emphasis will be given to field audits by assisting Regional and Sub-regional Offices, as well as some 60 country offices, in accomplishing their expanded objectives within the decentralized structure having regard to matters of economy, efficiency and effectiveness, and to ensuring that field projects are properly managed and executed, with emphasis placed on the most significant programme priorities. Special management assignments will cover value-for-money audits of major contracts, special reviews and studies, as well as a follow-up of audits performed in the 2000-01 biennium. The Office of the Inspector-General will continue to offer independent, impartial and unbiased judgement in controlling the tender panel operations. This will involve the supervision of some 750 tender openings.
2002-03 Estimates by Funding Source, Unit and Region (US$ 000)
Funding Source Organizational Unit Region
Fund Total Unit Programme
Trust Total Region Total
of Work FundProgramme of Work AFD 818 0 818 Global 3,296Regular Programme 4,599 AFIP 211 0 211 Inter Regional 0Other External Secondments
105 AUD 4,417 0 4,417 Africa 545
Credits for AOS 742 Asia and Pacific
427
Programme of Work 5,446 Near East 505Trust Fund Activities Europe 122Trust Funds 0 Latin America 551Trust Fund Activities 0Programme 1.2.3 Total 5,446 5,446 0 5,446 5,446
Programme 1.2.4: Legal Services(All amounts in US$ 000)
220. Programme 1.2.4 is delivered by the Legal Counsel and the General Legal Affairs Service, while maintaining strong interactions with
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 87
Programme 3.1.3, Legal Assistance to Member Nations, implemented by the Development Law Service.
221. In general terms, Programme 1.2.4 covers the "in-house counsel" work of the Legal Office including advice to the Director-General, technical departments and Governing Bodies of the Organization on legal matters; servicing of the Committee on Constitutional and Legal Matters (CCLM); preparation of international legal agreements at the global and regional levels and performance of the Director-General's depositary functions; advice on legal aspects of relations with the host government and with other governments and international organizations; and representation of FAO in judicial proceedings and in settlements of disputes and, in particular, handling of cases before the International Labour Organization (ILO) Administrative Tribunal. The Legal Office also provides services to the World Food Programme (WFP) Secretariat and Executive Board under this programme.
222. As such, the programme is responsive to requests from "its clients". It is expected that high priority matters to be dealt with during the 2002-03 biennium will include:
a) further work on the legal aspects of the conservation and sustainable utilisation of genetic resources for food and agriculture, including work concerning the International Undertaking on Plant Genetic Resources and the further development of the international network of seed banks;
b) review of the constituent agreements of FAO regional fisheries management bodies, in the light of recent international developments;
c) work relating to the functioning of the Interim Commission on Phytosanitary Measures and the Codex Alimentarius Commission;
d) follow-up to the World Food Summit (WFS), including work on the right to adequate food in support of the activities of the High Commissioner for Human Rights;
e) participation of the European Community (EC) in bodies and agreements established under the Constitution of FAO;
f) the legal aspects of personnel matters; andg) legal services to WFP.
88 Chapter 1: General Policy and Direction
2002-03 Estimates by Funding Source, Unit and Region (US$ 000)
Funding Source Organizational Unit Region
Fund Total Unit Programme
Trust Total Region Total
of Work FundProgramme of Work AFIP 121 0 121 Global 2,423Regular Programme 1,924 LEG 2,302 284 2,586 Inter Regional 284WFP payments - Non-technical
340 Africa 0
Secondments to Trust Funds
20 Asia and Pacific
0
Other External Secondments
139 Near East 0
Programme of Work 2,423 Europe 0Trust Fund Activities Latin America 0Trust Funds 284Trust Fund Activities 284Programme 1.2.4 Total 2,707 2,423 284 2,707 2,707
Programme 1.2.5: Programme and Operational Coordination(All amounts in US$ 000)
223. This programme includes activities of the consolidated Coordination Service (OCDC) of OCD to support effective coordination between Headquarters and the decentralized offices. This service results from the merger of the former Coordination Branch (OCDC) and the TCDC/ECDC Service (OCDT). Work on partnership programmes is covered under Programme 3.5.3.
224. The process of transferring a significant portion of FAO's business to decentralized offices has been further strengthened with the delegation of operational responsibility for national projects to FAORs. OCD has overall responsibility for ensuring the optimal functioning of these offices and their contribution to policy formulation, priority setting and field programme development.
225. Ensuring that decentralized offices function as an integral part of the Organization will entail continuous review of mechanisms for linkages and communication among decentralized offices themselves and with Headquarters, as well as updated directives on relations with
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 89
decentralized offices and monitoring of their implementation. As required, OCD will prepare documents on decentralization policy issues for consideration by Governing Bodies and senior management and provide support to Regional Offices in the organisation of Regional Conferences. Other key activities are the six-monthly management letters containing Headquarters feedback to FAO Representatives (FAORs) on a variety of issues, and management of the small-scale facility for FAORs, which has proved extremely useful in enabling these offices to respond promptly to requests for technical policy advice.
226. OCD will also continue to play a key role in the planning, preparation, conduct and monitoring of Regional Conferences, overseeing the process of preparation to ensure timely arrangements. Furthermore, OCD will maintain and update the Regional Conferences Preparation Handbook, incorporating lessons of experiences gained from each series of Conferences.
2002-03 Estimates by Funding Source, Unit and Region (US$ 000)
Funding Source Organizational Unit Region
Fund Total Unit Programme
Trust Total Region Total
of Work FundProgramme of Work AFIP 78 0 78 Global 1,480Regular Programme 1,480 OCD 1,402 0 1,402 Inter Regional 0
Africa 0Programme of Work 1,480 Asia and
Pacific0
Trust Fund Activities Near East 0Trust Funds 0 Europe 0Trust Fund Activities 0 Latin America 0Programme 1.2.5 Total 1,480 1,480 0 1,480 1,480
Major Programme 1.3: External Coordination and Liaison
(All amounts in US$ 000)Programme 2000-01
Programme of Work
RG Program
me Change
RG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
ZRG Program
me Change
ZRG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
Trust Fund
1.3.1
External Relations and Coordination
4,183 394 4,577 (177) 4,400 0
1.3.2
Liaison Offices 8,957 (403) 8,554 0 8,554 813
Total 13,140
(9) 13,131
(177) 12,954
813
Cost Increases 1,557 1,555Total - recosted 14,68
814,50
9
90 Chapter 1: General Policy and Direction
Programme 1.3.1: External Relations and Coordination(All amounts in US$ 000)
Programme Entity 2000-01 Program
me of Work
RG Program
me Change
RG 2002-03
Programme of Work
ZRG Program
me Change
ZRG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
1.3.1.1 United Nations System Organizations
1,455 180 1,635 (177) 1,458
1.3.1.3 Contributions to Inter-agency Coordination Mechanisms
227. Sub-programme 1.3.1.1 covers the work of the unit under the Special Advisers to the Director-General (SAD), which supports FAO's cooperation with other organizations of the UN system through monitoring of developments, information exchange and facilitating FAO's participation in the Administrative Committee on Coordination (ACC) and subsidiary machinery. It is being strengthened to cope with increased workloads linked to a variety of UN system initiatives.
JIU Joint Inspection UnitCCPOQ Consultative Committee on Programme and Operational
Questions12
CCAQ Consultative Committee on Administrative Questions (Personnel and Financial and Budgetary Matters)1
ICSC International Civil Service CommissionILO International Labour Organization (Administrative Tribunal)
229. Contributions will be adjusted depending on the results of ongoing reform of the ACC subsidiary machinery. An increased provision is necessary to meet higher costs of security for UN personnel in the field.
Impact of ZRG Resource LevelsReversal of the net increase under Sub-programme 1.3.1.1, United Nations System Organizations, would be necessary under ZRG, hampering capacity to deal satisfactorily with UN system cooperation.
12 Replaced by the ACC High Level Committees on Programme and Management, but, as agreed with the UN, funding is to be maintained as in 2000-01.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 91
2002-03 Estimates by Funding Source, Unit and Region (US$ 000)
Funding Source Organizational Unit Region
Fund Total Unit Programme
Trust Total Region Total
of Work FundProgramme of Work AFIP 102 0 102 Global 4,577Regular Programme 4,577 PBE 2,925 0 2,925 Inter Regional 0
SAD 1,550 0 1,550 Africa 0Programme of Work 4,577 Asia and
Pacific0
Trust Fund Activities Near East 0Trust Funds 0 Europe 0Trust Fund Activities 0 Latin America 0Programme 1.3.1 Total 4,577 4,577 0 4,577 4,577
Programme 1.3.2: Liaison Offices(All amounts in US$ 000)
Programme Entity 2000-01 Program
me of Work
RG Program
me Change
RG 2002-03
Programme of Work
ZRG Program
me Change
ZRG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
1.3.2.1 United Nations 4,198 (286) 3,912 0 3,9121.3.2.2 North America 2,757 (196) 2,561 0 2,5611.3.2.3 Other Liaison Offices 2,002 79 2,081 0 2,081Total 8,957 (403) 8,554 0 8,554Cost Increases 935 935Total - recosted 9,489 9,489
230. This programme covers the Liaison Offices with the United Nations (in New York and Geneva); for North America (in Washington DC); with the European Union and Belgium (in Brussels); and with Japan (in Yokohama). Some adjustments in resources are made.
Liaison at United Nations Headquarters and Geneva
231. The main function is to assist decision making at FAO Headquarters in relation to developments in the UN system, mainly through representation at meetings in New York and in Geneva, through liaison with representatives of Member States of the UN and specialized agencies, and through liaison with the secretariats of these organizations. These offices contribute to strengthened cooperation and coordination, and active information exchange.
232. Specific activities are to:a) represent FAO at intergovernmental meetings, notably meetings of the
UN General Assembly (UNGA) and the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), as well as related committees, functional commissions and subsidiary bodies; and report on such meetings to FAO Headquarters - priority is to be given to follow-up to the World Food Summit: five years later and to the UN Millennium Declaration;
92 Chapter 1: General Policy and Direction
b) represent FAO at inter-agency meetings as needed and maintain working relations with all organizations and entities of the UN system in New York and Geneva and their secretariats - key subjects covered include: international trade, humanitarian affairs and sustainable development; an important new dimension is supporting FAO's participation in the United Nations Development Group (UNDG);
c) maintain liaison with intergovernmental, non-governmental and private institutions, including foundations, associated with UN system activities and development generally;
d) contribute to public information and public relations at UN Headquarters, and deal with local public information requests; and
e) provide services to visiting FAO officers, including briefing them on developments related to the purpose of their mission.
Liaison with North America
233. The functions are to assist FAO Headquarters in formulating and implementing policy and maintaining communications and cooperation between FAO and the North American governments and public, as well as with Washington-based international organizations, specifically:
a) to represent the Director-General before the Governments of Canada and of the United States of America and Washington-based international organizations;
b) to provide North American governments and Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs) with general information (also in support of World Food Day – WFD - and related events) about worldwide food problems and FAO activities, now with the assistance of an outposted information officer;
c) to identify, analyse and report to Headquarters, developments regarding policies, legislation, programmes, events and public opinion developments in the region, relevant to the objectives and programmes of FAO;
d) to provide the secretariat and servicing for the Consultative Sub-committee on Surplus Disposal (CSSD) in support of the Organization's worldwide activities in monitoring food aid programmes, including the WFP;
e) to carry out a wide range of administrative support functions in North America;
f) to participate, on behalf of FAO, in governmental and non-governmental groups and meetings, and in particular to work with private voluntary groups involved in fighting hunger; and
g) to arrange official visits and consultations in North America for FAO Headquarters, regional and country staff.
Liaison Offices in Belgium and Japan
234. The Liaison Office with the European Union in Brussels and the host country, Belgium, follows the work of the European Commission and other organs of the European Community (EC) in areas of competence of FAO with a view to enhancing cooperation between FAO and the European Union. It facilitates communication and cooperation between FAO and the Government of Belgium and other institutions based in Brussels. Its function is more specifically:
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 93
a) to represent FAO before the European Commission and other organs of the European Community and to monitor the evolution of the EC development policies, legislation, programmes and related subjects with potential implications on FAO;
b) to provide information on food, agriculture and rural development issues and FAO's policies and programmes to the European Community and to the Government of Belgium as well as the public and non-governmental organizations based in Belgium;
c) to provide liaison, maintain contact and represent the Organization at meetings convened by the European Commission and by other organs of the European Community;
d) to foster FAO/EC collaboration and respond to information needs concerning the Organization's programmes and activities; and
e) to support as appropriate visits of FAO officials to the Community and to Belgium.
235. The Liaison Office in Japan aims at closer communication and greater cooperation between FAO and the Japanese Government, civil society and the public, as well as Japan-based international organizations. Its function is more specifically:
a) to represent FAO before the Government of Japan and Japan-based international organizations;
b) to provide the Government of Japan and organizations of civil society with general information about world-wide food problems and FAO activities;
c) to identify, analyse and report to Headquarters developments regarding policies, legislation, programmes, events and public opinion in the country, relevant to the objectives and programmes of FAO;
d) to carry out a wide range of administrative support functions in Japan;e) to participate, on behalf of FAO, in groups and meetings which are
relevant to, or can support, the objectives and programmes of FAO;f) to arrange official visits and consultations in Japan for FAO staff; andg) to maintain close relations with the Japan FAO Association.
2002-03 Estimates by Funding Source, Unit and Region (US$ 000)
Funding Source Organizational Unit Region
Fund Total Unit Programme
Trust Total Region Total
of Work FundProgramme of Work AFIP 113 0 113 Global 4,733Regular Programme 8,117 LOBR 981 500 1,481 Inter Regional 0Other External Secondments
437 LOGE 1,766 0 1,766 Africa 0
Programme of Work 8,554 LOJA 1,074 313 1,387 Asia and Pacific
1,387
Trust Fund Activities LONY 2,099 0 2,099 Near East 0Trust Funds 813 LOWA 2,521 0 2,521 Europe 3,247Trust Fund Activities 813 Latin America 0Programme 1.3.2 Total 9,367 8,554 813 9,367 9,367
94 Chapter 1: General Policy and Direction
Major Programme 1.9: Programme Management(All amounts in US$ 000)
Contributions to Sustainable Development and Special Programme Thrusts
52,575 2,145 54,720 (2,867) 51,853 57,964
Total 298,664
16,505
315,169
(13,720)
301,449
537,326
Cost Increases (322) (792)Total - recosted 314,8
47300,6
57
237. As is evident from the preceding table, real growth resource levels would permit strengthening of all component major programmes - with "preferential" treatment being given to fisheries and forestry in line with the recommendations of the Committees on Fisheries and Forestry (COFI and COFO), subsequently endorsed by the 120th Council – and would go a long way towards meeting expectations expressed, for instance, at the 2001 sessions of the Technical Committees of the Council.
Impact of ZRG Resource LevelsLower zero real growth (ZRG) provisions under the five major programmes imply reduced levels of activity and loss of outputs for the benefit of the membership, as further explained below. In particular, the envisaged strengthening of professional capacity, one of the features of the real growth proposal in the PWB, would fall short of fifteen additional posts, including eight in Regional and Sub-regional Offices, which aimed at redressing lack of sufficient expertise in key disciplines (e.g. statistics, aquaculture, rice-base systems).
96 Chapter 2: Technical and Economic Programmes
Major Programme 2.1: Agricultural Productionand Support Systems
(All amounts in US$ 000)Programme 2000-01
Programme of Work
RG Program
me Change
RG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
ZRG Program
me Change
ZRG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
Trust Fund
2.1.0
Intra-departmental Programme Entities for Agricultural Production and Support Systems
Distribution of Resources by Strategic ObjectivesMajor Programme 2.1 A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 E1 E2 E3
2.1.0 Intra-departmental Programme Entities for Agricultural Production and Support Systems
2.1.1 Natural Resources
2.1.2 Crops
2.1.3 Livestock
2.1.4 Agricultural Support Systems
2.1.5 Agricultural Applications of Isotopes and Biotechnology
Legend
Greater than zero, less than US$ 1 million
US$ 1 million to 2million
US$ 2 million to 4million
More than US$ 4million
Main Substantive Thrusts and Priorities
238. Major Programme 2.1 relates to the World Food Summit Plan of Action, principally by aiming at reliable production, processing and delivery of more food. Its normative and operational components promote technologies to sustainably intensify agricultural production; reduce the effects of agriculture-related environmental degradation and
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 97
market failures on vulnerable, food insecure households; and address the biosecurity risks of exchanges of agricultural inputs and products to facilitate expanded international trade.
239. The major programme not only operates through the constituent entities and major outputs within each programme, but contributes in a significant manner to Priority Areas for Inter-disciplinary Action (PAIAs), in particular on biotechnology, biosecurity, biodiversity, food for the cities, sustainable rural livelihoods, and integrated productions systems. Integrated information systems and services are often facilitated by a dedicated entity within each programme.
240. The programme on natural resources gives prominence to work in integrated planning and management of land and water resources, technical assistance and information systems. Attention is also given to institutional aspects, including privatisation of irrigation services. The prime emphasis under land management shifts from technical aspects of soil inventories and conservation techniques to integrated management of soil nutrients and reducing soil degradation, especially in intensified agriculture.
241. The crops programme addresses integrated crop and grassland/pasture production systems, cropping systems biodiversity, rice-based systems, integrated pest management, desert locust control through the related component of the Emergency Prevention System for Transboundary Animal and Plant Pests and Diseases (EMPRES), and the use of biotechnology. It supports the implementation of the Global Plan of Action (GPA) for the Conservation and Sustainable Utilisation of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (PGRFA), as well as seed policy and security. Increased support is provided to the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC), the International Code of Conduct on the Distribution and Use of Pesticides and the Rotterdam Convention on Prior Informed Consent (PIC) Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade.
242. The livestock programme has been reassessed, placing the rapidly expanding and changing livestock sector in an international public goods context. Hence, priority is given to: transboundary animal disease (TAD) control and the Global Rinderpest Eradication Programme (GREP) through EMPRES; veterinary public health, food/feed safety and zoonoses; environmental management of insect-borne diseases, including the Programme Against African Trypanosomiasis (PAAT); coordination of the first State of the World's Report on Animal Genetic Resources (AnGR); and integrated support to the diversification component of the Special Programme for Food Security (SPFS). Importance is also accorded to global livestock information, together with a livestock resources knowledge management facility to address increasingly intensive animal agriculture and livestock sector and policy analysis, including environmental and socio-economic impact assessment of animal agriculture.
98 Chapter 2: Technical and Economic Programmes
243. The programme on agricultural support systems aims at establishing an enabling environment for farm and non-farm enterprise development and promoting entrepreneurship in agriculture, agribusiness and agricultural support services, including for finance, marketing, agricultural mechanisation, farm economics, processing and agro-industries. Priority attention is given to products and services for increasing small farmer incomes, meeting urban food needs, reinforcing commercial provision of agricultural services, developing agribusiness and post-production systems, and strengthening agricultural services data and information systems.
244. The programme on agricultural applications of isotopes and biotechnology, implemented by the Joint FAO/IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) Division (AGE) in Vienna, has an increased focus on the use of biotechnology in crop improvement, plant protection and animal health, in close collaboration with the programmes on crops, natural resources and livestock.
Resources
245. A major presentational change, already reflected in the Medium Term Plan, is the introduction of five intra-departmental entities to address cross-cutting issues, including integrated production systems, conservation agriculture, genetic resources for food and agriculture and servicing of the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (CGRFA), and the Committee on Agriculture (COAG).
246. While involving some expansion of activities in relatively new fields, most of the resources are simply shifted from other programmes. In addition, a sixth entity (210S5) has been added (this time involving "fresh" resources) in order to provide central support to the implementation of PAIAs. It is placed for administrative convenience under Major Programme 2.1, although it is intended to serve the cross-sectoral objectives of PAIAs which extend to the whole gamut of FAO's substantive work.
247. Other noteworthy alterations to the programme structure since the Programme of Work and Budget (PWB) 2000-2001, are the consolidation of constituent programme entities under Programme 2.1.1 (one less) and even more so under Programme 2.1.4 (four less), whereas under Programmes 2.1.2 and 2.1.3, due prominence was given to several important areas through dedicated entities, i.e. International Rice Commission (IRC)-related activities (212P5); the Environmental Management of Insect Borne Diseases (213A9); and Livestock Sector Analysis and Strategy Development (213B1). The programme structure and/or resources for Programmes 2.1.2 and 2.1.9 are also affected by the transfer of activities to the "intra-departmental" level (CGRFA and COAG).
248. As a result of these structural changes, the aggregate resource change figures at programme level must be interpreted with caution. In
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 99
fact, despite the substantial resource change shown at the whole major programme level, i.e. around US$ 4.5 million, or over 5 percent (net of entity 210S5 which, as stressed above, does not apply strictly to Major Programme 2.1) the net change for Programme 2.1.1 appears limited (just 1 percent), and even negative for Programmes 2.1.2, 2.1.4 and 2.1.5. In fact, discounting the transfers, the underlying increases in resources are US$ 672,000 for 2.1.0, US$ 415,000 for 2.1.1, US$ 740,000 for 2.1.2, US$ 721,000 for 2.1.3, US$ 348,000 for 2.1.4, and US$ 165,000 for 2.1.5. The same caution should be exercised in interpreting the - at times very substantial - resource changes indicated at entity level in the more detailed programme level tables below.
249. The selective application of incremental resources would permit, for instance: strengthening of water-related information systems (211P7); additional expert groups to support the implementation of the IPPC (212P1), and recommendations on pesticide residues (212P2); formally consolidating the provisional strengthening of work on the PIC procedure and on desert locusts in the central region effected after the PWB 2000-2001 was approved [in terms of new posts, this translates into two senior posts in the Plant Production and Protection Division (AGP) to cover implementation of the Rotterdam Convention and EMPRES, and one post of Secretary to the Central Desert Locust Commission in the Regional Office for the Near East (RNE)]; faster implementation of verification of freedom from rinderpest (213A7) and design of animal genetic improvements schemes (213A5); as well as greater attention to biotechnology applications under the pertinent entities. As for other major programmes, part of these additional resources is dedicated to the improvement of language coverage in publications and meetings.
250. It is also planned to augment professional capacities in other selected areas in line with identified major substantive thrusts, e.g. three junior posts in the Agricultural Support Systems Division (AGS) to complement expertise in agribusiness and rural finance development, and information system management; strengthening of the Regional and Sub-regional outposted teams, in particular through: an agricultural officer in the Regional Office for Europe (REU) (where no such expertise existed hitherto), transfer of a meat officer to the Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean (RLC) and of an animal health and production officer from RLC to the Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (RAP), a new post of animal production officer in the Sub-regional Office for Southern and East Africa (SAFR), and additional land and water posts in RAP and RLC.
100 Chapter 2: Technical and Economic Programmes
Intra-departmental Entities(All amounts in US$ 000)
Programme Entity 2000-01 Program
me of Work
RG Program
me Change
RG 2002-03
Programme of Work
ZRG Program
me Change
ZRG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
2.1.0.A1 Sustainable Intensification of Integrated Production Systems
0 918 918 (399) 519
2.1.0.A2 Promotion of Conservation Agriculture
0 989 989 (50) 939
2.1.0.P1 Secretariat of the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (CGRFA)
0 1,753 1,753 (133) 1,620
2.1.0.S1 Committee on Agriculture (COAG) 0 445 445 0 4452.1.0.S2 Technical Services for Partnership
Development and Information Enhancement
0 693 693 (90) 603
2.1.0.S5 Central Support to PAIAs 0 897 897 (500) 397Total 0 5,695 5,695 (1,172) 4,523Cost Increases 54 12Total - recosted 5,749 4,535
251. As mentioned above, five intra-departmental entities - two technical projects (TPs), one continuing programme activity (CP), and two technical services agreements (TSs) are to address emerging cross-cutting issues and to bring more prominence and coherence to hitherto dispersed activities. The sixth one is to support the implementation of PAIAs.
210A1 – Sustainable Intensification of Integrated Production Systems
252. Objectives: to disseminate promising integrated production techniques and best management practices for several major agro-ecological zones, and ensure coordinated approaches to the intensification of production systems.
253. Approach: the TP underpins the PAIA on Integrated Production Systems by supporting regional pilot projects, and providing the coordinating mechanism which will be operated through virtual meetings, a dedicated section of FAO's website and a discussion list. This will enable the assembling of information and knowledge from divisional technical projects and regional projects across disciplines. Regional pilot projects will commence with the establishment of regional working groups, and the production of initial case studies and reports. Activities during the biennium include: field assessment of current systems and farming methods; meetings with institutions and stakeholders; and preparation of project proposals and action plans.
254. The pilot projects currently defined cover:a) Integrated crop management practices for sustainable intensification of
rice-wheat systems in Asia (RAP);
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 101
b) Integrated production systems in West Africa (oncho-freed ecosystems) (RAF);
c) Integrated production systems in arid and semi-arid areas (IGAD13 and SADC14 areas) (SAFR);
d) Integrated production systems in arid and semi-arid areas of the Near East (RNE); and
e) Watershed management and participatory natural resource management (RLC).
210A2 – Promotion of Conservation Agriculture255. Objective: to achieve increased sustainable agricultural production through better land, crop and animal husbandry based on principles and practices of conservation agriculture.
256. Approach: the TP brings together efforts to address conservation agriculture and will also be particularly relevant to the PAIA on Integrated Production Systems (SARD/SPFS). It will provide support to the wider adoption of conservation agriculture (integrated technologies including zero tillage, maintenance of soil cover, improved water infiltration and retention, crop rotations with particular reference to cover crops, and livestock integration) through two regional networks, three regional meetings, a multilingual global database and several publications.
210P1 – Secretariat of the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (CGRFA)
257. Objective: to facilitate and support the work of the Commission and attendant intergovernmental agreements.
258. Approach: the CP includes one regular session of the Commission and support to its Intergovernmental Technical Working Groups (ITWGs) on Animal and Plant Genetic Resources - the major specialised fora for the development of agreed policy and regulatory frameworks for animal and plant genetic resources and other sectors. It will also provide support to the entry into force of the International Undertaking on Plant Genetic Resources and ensure coordination with other relevant international processes. In a broader context, the CP also includes one meeting of the Panel of Eminent Experts on Ethics in Food and Agriculture and will issue the third and fourth in a series of technical papers on ethics.
210S1 – Committee on Agriculture (COAG)259. This entity involves servicing of COAG, the Technical Committee of the Council which report on Major Programmes 2.1, Agricultural Production and Support Systems, 2.2, Food and Agriculture Policy and Development, and 2.5, Contributions to Sustainable Development and Special Programme Thrusts, including the preparation of issue papers.13 IGAD (Inter-Governmental Authority on Development)14 SADC (Southern African Development Community)
102 Chapter 2: Technical and Economic Programmes
210S2 – Technical Services for Partnership Development and Information Enhancement
260. This entity covers several activities of interest to the Agriculture Department (AG), i.e. work on Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development (SARD) of Agenda 21 of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED); coordinated contributions to global perspective studies (with the Economic and Social Department - ES); the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and other partnership agreements and advocacy publications; and maintenance of AG website.
210S5 – Central Support to PAIAs261. As mentioned under Resources above, it is necessary to provide for catalytic funds (to be placed under this new entity, and to be centrally-administered) to support effective implementation of the PAIAs in the 2002-2003 biennium. Subject to specific criteria, these resources will be put at the disposal of the chairpersons of coordination mechanisms to cover the cost of truly cross-sectoral activities, particularly where it would be impractical to expect cost-sharing by too many concerned units.
Impact of ZRG Resource LevelsAt ZRG resource levels, two entities in particular would be severely curtailed: 210A1, Sustainable Intensification of Integrated Production Systems, especially through the elimination of critical inputs from decentralized offices to work on various regional agro-ecosystems (intensified rice-wheat systems in Asia and Pacific, arid and semi-arid production in Near East and East Africa, watershed management in Latin America, oncho-freed areas of West Africa, etc.), and 210S5, Central Support to PAIAs, whose provision would be cut by more than half, hampering the adequate development of cross-sectoral programmes under these PAIAs. Other reductions would affect some of the proposals to further improve language coverage (e.g. planned publications on ethics in food and agriculture, or meetings and publications relating to conservation agriculture) and the planned expansion of FAO's website in connection with biotechnology.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 103
2002-03 Estimates by Funding Source, Unit and Region (US$ 000)
Funding Source Organizational Unit Region
Fund Total Unit Programme
Trust Total Region Total
of Work FundProgramme of Work AFIP 115 0 115 Global 3,902Regular Programme 5,695 AGA 44 0 44 Inter Regional 184
AGD 2,872 0 2,872 Africa 827Programme of Work 5,695 AGE 181 0 181 Asia and
Pacific315
Trust Fund Activities AGL 66 0 66 Near East 162Trust Funds 0 AGP 245 0 245 Europe 92Trust Fund Activities 0 AGS 617 0 617 Latin America 213
262. This programme is concerned with the sustainable use, management and conservation of land and water resources and soil nutrients. The three technical projects (TPs) and two continuing programme activities (CPs) are complemented by two technical services
104 Chapter 2: Technical and Economic Programmes
agreements (TSs) in support of field projects and the International Programme for Technology and Research in Irrigation and Drainage (IPTRID). More emphasis has been placed on collaboration across disciplines as well as securing inputs from other divisions within FAO and from partner organizations and conventions. Work on the collection, analysis and dissemination of best practices will increasingly rely on electronic media for the exchange of experiences.
211A1 – Agricultural Water Use Efficiency and Conservation263. Objective: to promote efficient use and conservation of water in agriculture through improved irrigation and water harvesting technologies, efficient water management and related water resources policy and institutional reforms.
264. Approach: the TP will provide for: guidelines and training materials; organisation of regional seminars; and support to networks on improved on-farm water control, irrigation scheduling, water harvesting, irrigation scheme modernisation and water resource valuation and demand management for irrigated agriculture. Studies will be pursued on impact of water saving, crop water productivity, irrigation system performance, and on policy and institutional reform for irrigation management, including groundwater user associations and river basin management. Pilot projects will be initiated on the provision of irrigation services through private entrepreneurs.
211A2 – Land and Soil Productivity265. Objective: to improve soil productivity and sustainable land use through: integrated plant nutrient management and soil fertility enhancement; soil management and conservation technologies; and policies and strategies for land use options, land management and fertiliser use.
266. Approach: the TP will seek to meet demands for methodologies of assessment and monitoring of soil fertility and plant nutrients. Networks will be expanded on soil productivity improvement to promote participatory diagnosis. Technical documents will be prepared on management, conservation and rehabilitation of degraded and problem soils, including participatory methods (farmers field schools). Some updating will be carried out on the FAO land evaluation framework. Information systems will be further developed to assist with planning of land resources use. The TP will also support the Rio+10 processes and international conventions.
211A3 – Integrated Land, Water and Plant Nutrient Management267. Objective: to promote an integrated and multi-disciplinary approach to land and water management, taking account of major land-water interactions.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 105
268. Approach: the entity will address areas of rainfed cropping through better soil moisture conservation techniques and soil fertility management in zones of irregular rainfall. Mechanisms for ensuring adequate balances in costs and benefits will be identified in river basins/watersheds, taking account of the interests and views of various stakeholders in medium-sized watersheds. Wetland development in SADC countries is a targeted priority, as well as waterlogging and salinity control, disaster preparedness and mitigation.
269. Other planned outputs are: guidelines on moisture conservation in rainfed areas, strategies and training modules for the assessment, development and conservation of wetlands, impact studies on wetland and lowland development. Case studies and workshops will be carried out on land and water linkages in rural watersheds, and guidelines will be prepared for the maintenance of drainage systems and performance assessment. Technology transfer will be supported for reclamation of salt-affected soils. Case studies on health impact of water development will be carried out in close collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Meetings, training and networks will cover land and water assessment, planning and management to mitigate natural disasters, including guidelines on adjustment to climate variability.
211P7 – Land and Water Information Systems, Databases and Statistics
270. Objective: to provide a recognised point of reference and a continuous forum for exchange of experiences, norms, data and information on the state of land and water for food and agriculture in the world.
271. Approach: a major contribution to the above objective is an Internet-based Land and Water Information System, including an interactive site for the Rural Water Statistical System (AQUASTAT) together with inputs to the World Water Development Report. A digital map of world irrigation is being prepared in collaboration with external partners. Software tools are to be developed to model current and future impact of water scarcity on food production. Analytical documents will be formulated using global agro-ecological zone applications on land degradation risks, climatic change scenarios and country assessments of land potentials and constraints.
211P8 – Knowledge Management and Partnerships272. Objective: to provide a service and reference centre on important aspects of land, water and plant nutrient resources management to guide effective planning and sound management of land and water resources and application of fertilisers.
273. Approach: the service and reference centre will provide access by international, regional and national institutions and agencies, to reliable synthesised information, and guidance on all aspects of land, water and
106 Chapter 2: Technical and Economic Programmes
plant nutrition management, including resources availability, best practices in soil conservation and management, water management and development of irrigation technology as well as plant nutrition management.
274. The CP will also support international partnerships and initiatives including the Administrative Committee on Coordination (ACC) Sub-committee on Water, and the Global Dialogue on Water, Food and Environment. Exchange of knowledge and joint activities will take place with UN system partners and other Intergovernmental and Non-governmental Organizations (IGOs and NGOs).
211S1 – Direct Support to Member Nations and to the Field Programme
275. This entity will support the formulation and implementation of projects including the Special Programme for Food Security (SPFS) and emergency and relief operations from the perspective of land and water issues, as well as national action plans to combat desertification, the Soil Fertility Initiative (SFI) for Africa, and regional food security plans.
211S2 – International Programme for Technology and Research in Irrigation and Drainage (IPTRID)
276. As a joint initiative of several partner institutions, and with substantial extra-budgetary support, IPTRID will continue to enhance the standard of applied research and technology transfer of irrigation and drainage in developing countries through facilitation, mobilisation of expertise, analytical reports, thematic networks, formulation of policies and projects and information dissemination activities. It will also complete a study on benchmarking of irrigation systems.
Impact of ZRG Resource LevelsWhile this programme would be only moderately affected by lower ZRG allocations, it would not be possible, for instance, to pursue the establishment of a new P-2 post of Land and Water Management Officer in the Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean (particularly relevant to entities 211S1, Direct Support to Member Nations and to the Field Programme, and 211P7, Land and Water Information Systems, Databases and Statistics, as well as several others). Work on guidelines on adjustment to climate variability (technical project 211A3, Integrated Land, Water and Plant Nutrient Management) and on several databases and water balance models under entity 211P7, Land and Water Information Systems, Databases and Statistics, would need to be abandoned or postponed.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 107
Extra-budgetary Resources
277. Work on soil and nutrient management under entity 211A2, Land and Soil Productivity, will benefit from a major agro-biodiversity project, including a knowledge base, case studies and training modules. The Global Environment Facility is expected to support studies and analysis of the contribution on carbon sequestration to land management, and desertification assessment in Latin America.
278. Internet-based land and water information systems contributing to the World Water Development Report, including an interactive site for AQUASTAT, will also receive extra-budgetary support under entity 211P7, Land and Water Information Systems, Databases and Statistics. In partnership with the Global Dialogue on Water, Food and Environment, main outputs under entity 211P8, Knowledge Management and Partnerships, will be strengthened with external assistance: national- and basin-level cross-sectoral roundtables and dialogues to build bridges between agricultural and environmental communities on water resources issues; and Global Dialogue's knowledge base, comprising network facilities and irrigation mapping and monitoring through remote sensing.
279. The International Programme for Technology and Research in Irrigation and Drainage (IPTRID) under 211S2 will use extra-budgetary resources to support formulation of four national "research and development" programmes and projects; two research management workshops; implementation of a drainage programme in 11 countries in Asia; an Internet-based information dissemination system (WCA-infoNET); 12 country partnerships; and a newsletter.
280. Linked to normative activities, basin-level field activities are expected to receive extra-budgetary support in various regions (integrated water management of the Carpathian sub-basin of the Danube, environmental protection and sustainable management of the Okavango River, and reversal of land and water degradation trends in the Lake Chad basin ecosystem).
108 Chapter 2: Technical and Economic Programmes
2002-03 Estimates by Funding Source, Unit and Region (US$ 000)
Funding Source Organizational Unit Region
Fund Total Unit Programme
Trust Total Region Total
of Work FundProgramme of Work AFIP 502 0 502 Global 2,497Regular Programme 15,820 AGL 10,464 655 11,119 Inter Regional 717Secondments to Trust Funds
298 FAOR 14 10,653 10,667 Africa 5,467
Secondments to STS 79 RO 3,375 15,491 18,866 Asia and Pacific
3,536
Secondments to SPPD 20 SO 1,873 0 1,873 Near East 26,182Other External Secondments
11 Europe 1,057
Programme of Work 16,228 Latin America 3,570Trust Fund ActivitiesTrust Funds 26,799Trust Fund Activities 26,799Programme 2.1.1 Total 43,027 16,228 26,79
943,027 43,026
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 109
Programme 2.1.2: Crops(All amounts in US$ 000)
Programme Entity 2000-01 Program
me of Work
RG Program
me Change
RG 2002-03
Programme of Work
ZRG Program
me Change
ZRG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
2.1.2.A1 Alternative Crops and Cultivars for New Opportunities
4,025 (2,748) 1,277 11 1,288
2.1.2.A2 Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture 558 (558) 0 0 02.1.2.A3 Strategies and Technologies for
2.1.2.A6 Conservation, Management and Sustainable Utilization of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
1,797 (1,797) 0 0 0
2.1.2.A7 Strengthening Sustainable Seed Production and Seed Security Systems in Member Countries
1,930 12 1,942 (25) 1,917
2.1.2.A8 Facilitating Plant Production and Protection Decision Making
1,100 (205) 895 1 896
2.1.2.P1 Secretariat of the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC)
2,735 223 2,958 (225) 2,733
2.1.2.P2 Pesticide Management 2,029 588 2,617 (110) 2,5072.1.2.P3 Migratory Pest Management 1,750 92 1,842 0 1,8422.1.2.P4 Support to the FAO Global System
on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (PGRFA)
2,524 284 2,808 (175) 2,633
2.1.2.P5 Support to Strategy Formulation and Promotion of Specific Action for Rice Development in Member Countries of the International Rice Commission (IRC)
0 625 625 (28) 597
2.1.2.S1 Advice to Countries and Support to Field Programme
281. The programme deals with the enhancement and sustainability of crop production, prevention and reduction of losses due to pests, conservation and use of plant genetic resources and sustainable seed production. The programme of work has been formulated into six technical projects (TPs) and five continuing programme activities (CPs), with one technical services agreement (TS) for direct support to member countries on crop production. Several normative activities are closely linked to technical field work or capacity building within the above entities.
282. Work in crop production will give increased emphasis to crop diversification, including use of under-utilised crops. The impact will be
110 Chapter 2: Technical and Economic Programmes
enhanced through links to post-harvest processing and marketing. Improved pastures and grassland management will address related biodiversity in cooperation with the Netherlands Partnership Programme. Inter-country cooperation will be facilitated through the International Rice Commission (IRC), global and regional networks, such as the Global Cassava Strategy, and biotechnology networks, including a new network for Africa. Besides support to the GPA for PGRFA, the World Information and Early Warning System on Plant Genetic Resources (WIEWS) will form the basis for preparation of an updated State of the World's Report on PGRFA.
283. Work in plant protection will assign prominence to the Secretariat of the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC), in particular its work on international phytosanitary standard setting, information exchange and technical assistance. Standard setting will address pest risk analysis for plant pest concerns that may be presented by living modified organisms and other products of modern biotechnology, as well as environmental risks associated with plant pests, in cooperation with Codex and other partners. High priority, as requested by the 30th FAO Conference, will also be given the Implementation of the Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent (PIC) Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade, for which UNEP and FAO provide the Secretariat. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) will be pursued through the IPM Facility, a multi-disciplinary cooperative venture of multilateral and bilateral agencies and donors. FAO will continue to service regional and inter-regional fora on desert locust control, while EMPRES will strengthen national and regional programmes on early warning and early control on the desert locust, and stimulate and coordinate relevant research on this pest.
212A1 - Alternative Crops and Cultivars for New Opportunities284. Objective: to assist countries with crop diversification options in specific ecozones, in relation to food security and income generation targets and market opportunities.
285. Approach: strategies to reduce the economic, nutritional and environmental risks associated with monoculture will be formulated, including the introduction of novel varieties and related production systems, e.g. for fruits, vegetables, herbs and spices, flavourings, natural colorants, medicinal plants and neutraceuticals. Priority is to be given to integration of fragmented knowledge on lesser-known plants, the assessment and promotion of high-value crops and integrated greenhouse crop production and protection. Countries will be assisted with testing of high-value cultivars in specific ecologies, in particular temperate fruit species for tropical highlands, drought resistant species for low-rainfall areas and sub-tropical fruit and nut species. National and regional initiatives will be supported for date palm production, with particular emphasis on African drylands.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 111
212A3 - Strategies and Technologies for Sustainable Crop and Grassland Production Systems
286. Objective: to assist with strategies and integrated production technologies capable of reducing food insecurity, generating income and contributing to the sustainable use of natural resources and biodiversity.
287. Approach: promotion of improved and diversified cropping systems based on good agricultural practices and the establishment of participatory and decentralised breeding programmes will seek to increase sustainable crop production and improve income opportunities and food security in selected agro-ecological zones. Information and technical know-how will be channelled to farmers through networks and technical assistance projects, enhancing income derived from small-scale horticultural production in rural areas. Establishment of community-level seed multiplication enterprises will be supported through participatory approaches in training of farmers groups to produce, process and market good quality seeds of local and new adapted varieties.
212A4 – EMPRES – Plant Pests Component288. Objective: to promote concerted efforts by donors and affected countries to prevent major desert locust upsurges through early warning, early reaction and relevant research.
289. Approach: the EMPRES programme will continue activities in the region around the Red Sea, which is the major outbreak area of the desert locust, to be extended to West Africa, depending on the availability of extra-budgetary resources. EMPRES will focus on the upgrading of early warning communication systems in, and among locust-affected countries. Methodologies and training for locust control operations, including locust surveys, will aim to enhance the ability to react to critical desert locust situations, while safeguarding human health and the environment.
212A5 – "Mainstreaming IPM" by Enhancing Essential Ecological Processes
290. Objective: to expand the number of national programmes, especially in countries covered by the SPFS, that sustainably identify, analyse and enhance essential agro-ecological processes based on local decision making, and to facilitate related policy and institutional changes.
291. Approach: the TP will work on improving weed management through the application of practical weed population ecology (through farmers field school groups) in a range of representative agro-ecosystems. Plant protection and regulatory personnel will be provided with relevant information on the testing and use of herbicide resistant crops. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) methods for major weeds will be tested, and studies on population dynamics and patho-systems and on the development of IPM will be carried out. Successful community IPM methodologies will be documented and opportunities emerging from the
112 Chapter 2: Technical and Economic Programmes
demand for uncontaminated agricultural produce will be identified, with information exchange facilitated through a network of national IPM programmes.
212A7 - Strengthening Sustainable Seed Production and Seed Security Systems in Member Countries
292. Objective: to promote country commitment and facilitate farmer participation in the strengthening of farmers' seed production and supply systems, particularly within the framework of the SPFS, and with due attention to seed security.
293. Approach: the TP will establish a mechanism for the development and rehabilitation of crop germplasm in the aftermath of disaster, through scientific and technical working groups of five regional seed networks and seed consultative fora. Technical guidelines will be made available on harmonisation of seed rules and regulations; development of a seed information management system; and initiation of effective disaster preparedness and rapid-response seed security networks. Technical support will be provided to countries through guidelines and methodologies to develop community-based seed enterprise. In addition to the existing SADC Seed Security Network, efficient rapid-response disaster-mitigating seed security consultative networks will be set up (subject to extra-budgetary resources) in other regions to facilitate restoration of sustainable seed supply systems.
212A8 - Facilitating Plant Production and Protection Decision Making
294. Objective: to meet the substantial demand for technical information on seed and planting material, crop production, and plant protection.
295. Approach: the TP will coordinate the plant and plant pest aspects of the EcoPort Internet-based information exchange and knowledge system. Crop production and plant protection records and categories will be completed with basic information and keyword search profiles on major global crop species, pests and biological control agents. Further collaborative sources and data providers will be selected and contacts established. EcoPort records will also be tested as a tool for knowledge transfer and training in field projects in collaboration with IPM farmers field school activities (subject to extra-budgetary resources).
212P1 – Secretariat of the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC)
296. Objective: to secure common action to prevent the spread and introduction of plant pests and promote measures for their control through effective implementation of the Convention, including the improvement of national capacities.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 113
297. Approach: the Interim Committee on Phytosanitary Measures (ICPM) will meet twice. Its main functions are to: adopt new international phytosanitary measures; provide guidance on the information exchange system; and further develop a technical assistance programme to enable developing countries to participate effectively in setting and implementation of standards. The Interim Standard Setting Committee will meet four times to prepare standards for the ICPM. It is expected that six new international standards for phytosanitary measures will be adopted. The Asia and Pacific Plant Protection Commission (APPPC) will meet once, and work on standard setting in that region will commence. Support will be provided to the Caribbean to foster sub-regional cooperation. The CP will organise two coordinating meetings of regional plant protection organizations. The information exchange mechanism relevant to the implementation of the Convention will become fully operational within the framework of the PAIA on biosecurity. Technical assistance will be provided in relation to the implementation of international and national phytosanitary regimes.
212P2 – Pesticide Management298. Objective: to promote sound pesticide management practices and reduction of risk to human health and the environment associated with their use.
299. Approach: in line with new strategies in risk reduction, the revised International Code of Conduct on the Distribution and Use of Pesticides will be published, along with up to two pesticide management guidelines. Together with WHO, approximately 15 new pesticide product specifications will be developed. New recommendations on maximum residue limits (MRLs) will be made to the Codex Alimentarius Committee on Pesticide Residues by the FAO/WHO joint meeting on pesticide residues. FAO will continue to provide, together with UNEP, the Interim Secretariat for the Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade. This Secretariat will organise (subject to extra-budgetary resources) two meetings of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee and Interim Chemical Review Committee. It will also produce decision guidance documents for substances included in PIC procedures, and establish an information system. Also, subject to extra-budgetary resources, an inventory of obsolete pesticide stocks in Latin America and parts of Asia, and training and awareness raising workshops on obsolete stocks will be carried out. Technical assistance will be provided on all aspects of pesticide regulation and management, including the replacement of methyl bromide as a soil fumigant.
212P3 – Migratory Pest Management300. Objective: to facilitate information exchange and collaboration among affected countries on migratory pests, coupled with sensitisation of the international donor community and assistance to countries affected by migratory pests.
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301. Approach: the CP will support information exchange and provide forecasts through monthly bulletins, special alerts and databases. It provides the Secretariat to the Desert Locust Control Committee and three sub-regional Commissions, as regional and sub-regional fora for discussion and decisions on common action on migratory pest control. Technical support will be provided to countries, and guidelines and methodologies on migratory pest management will be produced. National survey and forecasting will be improved through the training of national subject specialist officers.
212P4 - Support to the FAO Global System on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (PGRFA)
302. Objectives: to provide advice on PGRFA at all levels and across disciplines; to optimise decision making for their efficient management and sustainable use; and to promote exchange of information and knowledge in line with the rolling Global Plan of Action (GPA).
303. Approach: major activities are the preparation of thematic papers to contribute to the second State of the World's Report on PGRFA; the initiation of a mechanism to facilitate the implementation of the GPA; pilot testing of national mechanisms (clearing house) for monitoring the implementation of the GPA and their integration into WIEWS and the Seed Information System (SIS), and support to PGRFA networks. The CP provides for the second session of the ITWG on PGRFA.
212P5 - Support to Strategy Formulation of Specific Action for Rice Development in Member Countries of the International Rice Commission (IRC)
304. Objective: to support the IRC and related cooperative action aimed at increasing the productivity and efficiency of rice production systems for the benefit of income-poor farmers and consumers, while maintaining a healthy environment for future generations.
305. Approach: the 20th IRC session and the IRC Steering Committee meetings will carry out a concerted review and orientation of national rice development programmes aimed at increasing the productivity of rice smallholders and conservation of natural resources. Support will be provided to inter-regional cooperative networks on rice to promote exchange of experience on approaches and strategies for sustainable rice production. In collaboration with International Agricultural Research Centres (IARCs) and other institutions, studies will be conducted on the impact of hybrid rice, New Rice for Africa (NERICA), and integrated crop management techniques on the productivity and sustainability of rice production by smallholders. Assistance will be provided to countries in the formulation of national programmes and capacity building to promote the development and use of improved technologies and approaches for sustainable increased rice production. Access to rice information will be enhanced through two issues of the IRC Newsletters, the FAO Rice Information Volume, and the IRC website.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 115
212S1 –Advice to Countries and Support to Field Programme306. This entity will provide direct advice on plant production issues in active support to the field programme including pertinent SPFS components and emergencies.
Impact of ZRG Resource LevelsIn relative terms, lower resource allocations would impact basically on four entities dealing, however, with priority activities of keen interest to the membership. They would entail lower support to cooperation on desert locust management in West Africa under 212A4, EMPRES - Plant Pests Component; reduced expert group meetings relating to the IPPC implementation under 212P1, Secretariat of the International Plant Protection Convention; less work on recommendations for residues and quality standards of pesticides under 212P2, Pesticide Management, and on the refinement of reporting formats and indicators for monitoring the implementation of the GPA on PGRFA under 212P4. Support to a biotechnology network in Africa would also be undermined under technical project 212A3, Strategies and Technologies for Sustainable Crop and Grassland Production Systems.
Extra-budgetary Resources
307. Under entities 212A3, 212P4 and 212P5, the agro-biodiversity project mentioned under Programme 2.1.1, will strengthen national capacities in the areas of assessment, management and monitoring of agricultural biodiversity. Traditional farmers' needs for, and difficulties in, obtaining genetic resources from elsewhere will be documented, and access and benefit-sharing arrangements will be promoted on a multilateral basis. Other extra-budgetary resources will be used to create awareness of traditional knowledge among policy makers, development agencies and their partners on existing sustainable pastoral, agricultural and fishing systems in the Lake Tchad and Caucaso areas.
308. EMPRES will continue to rely on donors' assistance to coordinate and improve early warning systems, early control capacity and desert locust management. Under entity 212P3, countries will cooperate to prevent and control desert locust outbreaks through the Desert Locust Control Committee and three sub-regional Commissions, all supported by trust funds provided by the locust-affected countries.
309. The IPM programme under entity 212A5 will build on extra-budgetary support for pilot activities demonstrating the farmers field school methodology, policy studies, networks and planning of national IPM implementation. Limited extra-budgetary funding is also expected for the development of international standards for phytosanitary measures under entity 212P1. The provision of the UNEP/FAO Secretariat to the Rotterdam Convention, and activities to enable countries to implement the Convention under entity 212P2, will receive
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contributions from UNEP. However, a large part of the annual budget of the Secretariat is provided through voluntary contributions to a trust fund administered by UNEP.
310. Work to facilitate pesticide disposal and the introduction of preventative measures on obsolete pesticide stocks under 212P2 will continue to attract extra-budgetary support, involving an inventory of obsolete pesticide stocks in Latin America and parts of Asia; training and awareness raising workshops on obsolete stocks; and technical assistance on all aspects of pesticide regulation and management, including the replacement of methyl bromide as a soil fumigant.
311. Regional seed security networks will be established through extra-budgetary support, in relation to entity 212A7, to: strengthen on-farm seed and planting material production and management; develop information exchange systems; initiate seed security and early warning systems; provide capacity building; and promote seed trade and germplasm exchange.
312. It may be observed that the very high share of extra-budgetary resources "accruing" to this programme in a technical sense, is due the impact of the Iraq emergency operation, which is mainly focused on rehabilitation of the crop production sector.
2002-03 Estimates by Funding Source, Unit and Region (US$ 000)
Funding Source Organizational Unit Region
Fund Total Unit Programme
Trust Total Region Total
of Work FundProgramme of Work AFIP 765 0 765 Global 8,911Regular Programme 23,949 AGP 18,056 10,380 28,436 Inter Regional 5,059Secondments to STS 16 FAOR 20 9,104 9,124 Africa 51,769Secondments to SPPD 24 RO 3,898 45,605 49,503 Asia and
Pacific13,600
Secondments to Trust Funds
210 SO 1,462 0 1,462 Near East 197,787
Other External Secondments
2 TCO 0 212,947
212,947 Europe 18,903
Programme of Work 24,201 Latin America 6,208Trust Fund ActivitiesTrust Funds 278,036Trust Fund Activities 278,036Programme 2.1.2 Total 302,23
724,201 278,0
36302,23
7302,23
7
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 117
Programme 2.1.3: Livestock(All amounts in US$ 000)
Programme Entity 2000-01 Program
me of Work
RG Program
me Change
RG 2002-03
Programme of Work
ZRG Program
me Change
ZRG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
2.1.3.A3 Contribution of Livestock to Poverty Alleviation
1,899 114 2,013 (35) 1,978
2.1.3.A5 Developing the Global Strategy for the Management of Farm Animal Genetic Resources
1,720 210 1,930 (209) 1,721
2.1.3.A6 Veterinary Public Health Management and Food and Feed Safety
1,406 (192) 1,214 (67) 1,147
2.1.3.A7 EMPRES - Livestock 2,334 492 2,826 (247) 2,5792.1.3.A8 Technologies and Systems for
Efficient Natural Resource Use in Livestock Production
3,888 (1,155) 2,733 (35) 2,698
2.1.3.A9 Environmental Management of Insect Borne Diseases
0 898 898 0 898
2.1.3.B1 Livestock Sector Analysis and Strategy Development
0 898 898 0 898
2.1.3.P1 Global Livestock Information System and Knowledge Framework
2,997 (1,087) 1,910 (12) 1,898
2.1.3.S1 Advice to Member Countries and Support to the Field Programme
313. The programme is to analyse and facilitate the contributions of a fast changing livestock sector to food security, poverty alleviation and sustainable use of the natural resource base, while taking account of food safety issues. It places the rapidly expanding livestock sector in an international public goods context which requires strengthening of the programme's information, sector analysis and policy dimensions. Substantial extra-budgetary support is expected in the biennium.
314. The programme comprises seven technical projects (TPs), one continuing programme activity (CP) and one technical services agreement (TS). It builds up capabilities and partnerships in the areas of zoonoses and food and feed safety on the one hand (213A6) and environmental management of insect borne diseases on the other (213A9). It will more effectively address the technology, information and policy gaps created by the livestock revolution through entities focusing of technology and systems (213A8), information and knowledge management (213P1) and policy and strategy development (213B1), the latter two areas strongly enhanced by extra-budgetary resources. Entity 213A3 is configured for integrated support to the diversification component of the SPFS and is being strengthened in the areas of post-harvest product value-adding, and improved animal genetic resources
118 Chapter 2: Technical and Economic Programmes
utilisation (breed improvement) in low-input systems. Entity 213A5 provides for the coordination of the first State of the World's Report on Animal Genetic Resources and is to facilitate the constituent country reports to be assembled. EMPRES - Livestock (213A7) will need to address the increasing threat of transboundary animal diseases, impacting more and more on areas which were previously disease-free.
213A3 - Contribution of Livestock to Poverty Alleviation315. Objective: to provide decision makers, including NGOs, bilateral agencies and producer associations, with the rational basis to exploit the potential of livestock to improve the livelihoods of the rural poor.
316. Approach: updated information, analyses and interpretation of technical options and trends, codes of conduct, best management practices, and impact assessments will be made widely available to decision makers incorporating aspects of breeding, feeding, animal health and management, and covering small-scale and emerging, low-input production systems including those found in fragile ecosystems. These activities will be closely associated with the Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Initiative (213B1) and the SPFS. Work in 2002-03 will set the basis for preparation of adapted codes of conduct and best management practices in successive biennia.
213A5 - Developing the Global Strategy for the Management of Farm Animal Genetic Resources
317. Objective: to advance core strategic elements of improved management of farm animal genetic resources at various levels, with emphasis on the global resource and needs assessment.
318. Approach: the TP will establish and support technical focal points at country and regional levels, assist countries in the preparation of the State of the World's Report on Animal Genetic Resources (AnGR); prepare a strategic priority actions report on the basis of State of the World process; and provide for the third session of the Intergovernmental Technical Working Group (ITWG) on AnGR.
213A6 - Veterinary Public Health Management and Food and Feed Safety
319. Objective: to develop and promote efficient veterinary public health structures and functions through strengthening of relevant institutions.
320. Approach: four main outputs are planned: formulation of principles for sustainable veterinary public health systems and cost-effective control of selected zoonotic diseases; analysis of zoonoses status globally and formulation of regional strategies; risk assessment procedures for traditional and new public health challenges and guidelines for risk management and precautionary measures; and quality control
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 119
mechanisms tested and validated for use in livestock production, product processing and distribution.
213A7 - EMPRES - Livestock321. Objective: to promote the effective containment and control of the most serious epidemic livestock diseases, as well as newly emerging diseases, by progressive elimination on a regional and global basis through international cooperation involving early warning, early and rapid reaction, enabling research and coordination.
322. Approach: the livestock component of EMPRES will primarily address: functional early warning systems for the major epidemic diseases of livestock at national, regional and global levels; contingency planning and strategic analysis of animal disease emergencies to support early reaction systems; application of biotechnology to diagnosis, strategic epidemiological analysis and vaccine development for the major livestock epidemic diseases; and coordinated strategies for regional control of priority epidemic diseases. The TP also provides for leadership and coordination of the Global Rinderpest Eradication Programme (GREP).
213A8 - Technologies and Systems for Efficient Natural Resource Use in Livestock Production
323. Objective: to facilitate widespread adoption of decision-support frameworks for meeting the challenges of the livestock revolution, and novel technical and procedural approaches to livestock intensification and product processing.
324. Approach: policy and regulatory frameworks will be developed, and related technologies facilitated, to address environmental issues in intensive integrated farming systems and in the area-wide integration of crop and livestock production. A major technical publication is planned on sustainable intensive livestock production. The TP will support: national programmes and strategies for the delivery of integrated veterinary and livestock services, including production, testing, validation and distribution of strategies for feed management, for utilising animal genetic resources and for the control of endemic and production diseases; technology transfer and validation for the sustainable control of parasitic diseases; and networking for broad expert input and wide reporting and dissemination. Other planned outputs are: studies, publications and technical consultations on food and feed safety, livestock feeds and feeding, livestock products and processing, intensive pasture-based systems, and managing genetic resources in intensive livestock systems.
213A9 - Environmental Management of Insect Borne Diseases325. Objective: to support insect borne diseases control through monitoring and clarifying the changes in disease transmission levels, development of strategies for intervention, and concerted regional action.
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326. Approach: the TP will monitor changes in disease transmission levels, develop strategies for intervention and provide support to concerted regional action. It will also cover the identification, design, and formulation of disease intervention and management programmes, and provide scientific guidance through the Panel of Advisory Group Coordinators of the Programme Against African Trypanosomiasis (PAAT) and a conducive policy environment in the PAAT Committee.
213B1 - Livestock Sector Analysis and Strategy Development327. Objective: to facilitate livestock farming that is economically and ecologically efficient and safe, while enhancing social objectives (poverty alleviation and gender equity).
328. Approach: a major activity is the assessment of the impact of the livestock revolution on public goods, focusing on external costs and benefits, complemented by country case studies and methodology development for such assessments at different scales. This will lead to the development of strategies that address the livestock revolution – public goods interface, covering general principles and specific regional, national and sub-national approaches. These activities will be supported by extra-budgetary resources in the framework of the Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Initiative, which will establish an international policy dialogue and negotiation networks, with the participation of a wide range of stakeholders.
213P1 - Global Livestock Information System and Knowledge Framework
329. Objective: to collate, analyse, synthesise and disseminate information and develop tools for livestock policy analysis and methodologies for policy formulation.
330. Approach: a Global Livestock Knowledge Framework website will be established and operated through electronic conferences, publications and a peer-reviewed scientific journal (AGRIPPA), including reviews, scientific articles, poster papers and manuals. A Global Livestock Information System will operate through integration of a set of information systems (comprising spatially-referenced databases, knowledge bases, analytical and modelling tools, and information acquisition and dissemination mechanisms) providing baseline information on livestock sector resources, animal production, environment, animal and public health as well as socio-economic aspects of livestock production. The entity will ensure the livestock component of multi-disciplinary work on integrated production systems.
213S1 - Advice to Member Countries and Support to the Field Programme
331. This entity covers advice to the membership and backstopping of the field programme, including emergencies, in relation to a wide range of livestock production and health issues.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 121
Impact of ZRG Resource LevelsThe effect of lower ZRG provisions would be principally of a three-pronged nature: the abandonment of the proposed new P-3 post of Animal Production Officer in SAFR (affecting more particularly entity 213S1, Advice to Member Countries and Support to the Field Programme); much reduced work of synthesis and consolidation of country reports in relation to the Global Strategy for the Management of Farm Animal Resources and on local action plans for genetic utilisation and improvement (particularly in Africa) under technical project 213A5, Developing the Global Strategy for the Management of Farm Animal Genetic Resources; and the delays in implementation of a pathway for verification of freedom from rinderpest (project 213A7, EMPRES – Livestock).
Extra-budgetary Resources
332. Entity 213A5 will continue to rely on extra-budgetary support to a substantial degree for preparing the State of the World's Report on Animal Genetic Resources, as does overall coordination activities of the Livestock, Environment and Development (LEAD) Initiative under entity 213A8, and the models and decision-support tools which directly relate to this initiative.
333. The externally funded Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Initiative will aim to accelerate progress in the achievement of all outputs of entity 213B1, Livestock Sector Analysis and Strategy Development, and for the knowledge bases and information dissemination tools under entity 213P1.
334. Under 213A7, EMPRES - Livestock, will count on donor support for work on GREP, and more generally on strengthening the early warning and early reaction capabilities. Similar support will be sought for strengthening work in support of veterinary public health under entity 213A6.
335. As for crops, the impact of the Iraq emergency operation is also quite strong on the livestock programme.
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2002-03 Estimates by Funding Source, Unit and Region (US$ 000)
Funding Source Organizational Unit Region
Fund Total Unit Programme
Trust Total Region Total
of Work FundProgramme of Work AFIP 548 0 548 Global 7,380Regular Programme 17,187 AGA 13,247 11,084 24,331 Inter Regional 8,184Secondments to Trust Funds
210 FAOR 21 493 514 Africa 9,685
Secondments to STS 53 RO 2,700 3,914 6,614 Asia and Pacific
3,108
Secondments to SPPD 12 SO 951 0 951 Near East 38,989Other External Secondments
5 TCO 0 37,567 37,567 Europe 910
Programme of Work 17,467 Latin America 2,269Trust Fund ActivitiesTrust Funds 53,058Trust Fund Activities 53,058Programme 2.1.3 Total 70,525 17,467 53,05
870,525 70,525
Programme 2.1.4: Agricultural Support Systems(All amounts in US$ 000)
336. The focus of the programme will be essentially on:a) promotion of market-oriented farm production and support to small
farmers in increasing productivity and incomes, including strengthening the role of the private sector to provide agricultural inputs to rural areas, and development of efficient marketing chains for diverse agricultural products to meet the needs of both rural areas and the cities;
b) enhancement of farm-level economic analysis and planning and decision making by farmers and organizations providing support to farmers;
c) assessment and dissemination of improved processing, preservation, storage and produce handling technologies for food and agricultural products;
d) promotion of viable rural banking, savings and agricultural credit schemes; and
e) progress in the use of farm machinery and equipment through the introduction of appropriate standards and codes of conduct.
337. In addition, the component programme entities are designed to foster full involvement of women and an enabling environment for the growth of rural enterprise. There has been further consolidation of technical projects in order to enhance inter-disciplinarity and facilitate linkages with other programmes, as well as with the pertinent PAIAs, particularly Food for the Cities, Integrated Production Systems including conservation agriculture, and Biotechnology.
214A1 - Enhancing Small Farmer Livelihoods338. Objective: to improve small farmer livelihoods, and in particular small farmer incomes and competitiveness.
339. Approach: the TP aims to improve small farmer livelihoods by providing guidance on enabling policies, programmes, and advisory services; appraising and promoting opportunities for increasing farm income; and developing training materials to enhance managerial and entrepreneurial capacity. As a basis for policy guidance, two specific issues will be addressed through cross-regional studies, i.e. farm-level adjustments following trade liberalisation, and gender impacts of small farm commercialisation. To identify opportunities for increasing farm income, economic appraisals will be undertaken on diversification opportunities in Africa, Latin America, and Asia and the Pacific. Information and promotional materials will be produced on the most promising options identified, as well as on contract farming, term lending for farming investments, and farmer resource sharing and partnership arrangements. Training aides and guides will be developed on farmer financial management skills, analysis and dissemination of market information, and farm economics for field agents. To strengthen farmer advisory and support services, technical support and training guidance will be provided on farm business planning and enterprise development, marketing extension and market information, and farmer financial management skills.
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214A2 - Meeting Urban Food Needs340. Objective: to provide the basis for government and municipal authorities to identify changes needed in order to improve the efficiency of food supply and distribution operations to, and within, urban areas.
341. Approach: the requirements of city and local authorities will be addressed through information material, training aids and workshops to improve food supply and distribution systems. Opportunities for improved food supply and distribution will be pursued in terms of selected small-scale agro-industries suitable for meeting urban food needs, and a technical document produced on profitable and sustainable farm resource management and investment for peri-urban farming. The SPFS will be supported through technical capacity building, methodologies for high-quality and safe agriculture produce, and awareness of the opportunities and constraints of urban and peri-urban agriculture.
214A3 - Sustainable Commercial Provision of Input Supply, Mechanisation, Investment Support and Marketing Services
342. Objective: to support improved performance of the agricultural sector, through increased efficiency of input-output systems and the private and government services pertaining thereto.
343. Approach: the TP will formulate strategies and provide training for enhanced input supply and financing modalities for small farmers, and support economic and policy studies on farmers' access to services and impacts on farm resource use and productivity. It will sensitise government ministries and central banks to needs, and methodologies for policy formulation and delivery for rural banking services. It will prepare guidelines for domestic marketing strategy formulation in response to growing globalisation of trade, and identify options for increased private sector participation in input supply systems for the small farm sector, including for farm machinery. Ongoing collaboration related to the FAO/German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ) MicroBanking System will continue, including training of MicroBanker users and support personnel.
214A4 - Agribusiness Development344. Objectives: to enhance the integration of production, processing, packaging, transport and storage of marketable commodities and value-added products from the farm through to the consumer, and to support entrepreneurs in rural and peri-urban agribusiness development.
345. Approach: the TP will develop and deliver training packages for entrepreneurs in agribusiness and guidelines on loan finance, and provide support to awareness campaigns on food safety issues in food processing and marketing. Appropriate technologies for agro-industries and post-harvest management will be evaluated through feasibility studies and pilot testing, supported by an expert consultation on modalities and
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 125
measures for introducing new technologies (including biotechnology) to the consumers. Training requirements for contract negotiation and compliance will be assessed, and post-production constraints analysis performed in selected countries.
214A5 - Agricultural Services - Data and Information Systems346. Objective: to collect and disseminate up-to-date data and information as relates to key agricultural services as a tool for policy guidance and technical advice.
347. Approach: the TP will collect, analyse and disseminate data and information on a range of agricultural services by integrating and updating existing information systems and databases. These include agricultural mechanisation, gender issues and farm power, improved quality and safety standards for pesticide application equipment, and sectoral institutions and training facilities. The AgriBank database will provide information on desegregation of client data by gender and enterprise size, while the Information Network on Post-Harvest Operations (INPhO) database will incorporate contributions on post-harvest technologies from other institutions and will be promoted through regional meetings in Asia and South America. The farm economics website (InFarm) will be developed for farm-related data, information and technical support, supported by work on farm data systems review and design, farm data collection and analysis and integrated economic and environmental accounting.
214S1 - Field Programme Support and Advisory Services to Countries
348. The entity provides for advice to Members on farm management, mechanisation, rural agro-industries, post-harvest management, marketing, rural and agricultural insurance. It also includes backstopping of the field programme, including the SPFS and work on emergencies, and will be carried out in association with regional technical teams.
Impact of ZRG Resource LevelsThe lower levels of activity under the two most-critically affected entities (214A2, Meeting Urban Food Needs, and 214A4, Agribusiness Development) would imply respectively: a) postponement of the development of training modules on peri-urban farming for food security in Central Africa, reduced dissemination of information through the Internet, and less balanced language coverage of publications on urban and peri-urban horticulture; and b) a reduced programme of workshops and expert meetings dealing with food biotechnology and consumer education.
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Extra-budgetary Resources
349. Training and technical guidance on farm planning and enterprise development for enhancing small farmer livelihoods will receive extra-budgetary support under entity 214A1. In-kind support from partner institutions will also contribute to achieving outputs under 214A2 and 214A3, including: translating technical documents and covering the costs of some participants to technical workshops on meeting urban food needs; further development of the MicroBanker software programme and training personnel in its use; selected rural finance and marketing publications; and preparation of training materials for capacity enhancement in rural finance institutions.
350. Field work on post-harvest management under entity 214A4 should continue to benefit from significant extra-budgetary resources. These are also expected in support of workshops and seminars on conservation agriculture as well as for preparing guidelines relating to agricultural mechanisation.
2002-03 Estimates by Funding Source, Unit and Region (US$ 000)
Funding Source Organizational Unit Region
Fund Total Unit Programme
Trust Total Region Total
of Work FundProgramme of Work AFIP 518 0 518 Global 4,887Regular Programme 15,034 AGP 213 0 213 Inter Regional 714Secondments to Trust Funds
55 AGS 10,046 350 10,396 Africa 4,535
Secondments to STS 49 FAOR 16 1,747 1,763 Asia and Pacific
3,686
Secondments to SPPD 13 RO 3,509 914 4,423 Near East 1,818Programme of Work 15,151 SO 849 0 849 Europe 771Trust Fund Activities Latin America 1,749Trust Funds 3,011Trust Fund Activities 3,011Programme 2.1.4 Total 18,162 15,151 3,011 18,162 18,160
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 127
Programme 2.1.5: Agricultural Applications of Isotopesand Biotechnology
(All amounts in US$ 000)Programme Entity 2000-01
Programme of Work
RG Program
me Change
RG 2002-03
Programme of Work
ZRG Program
me Change
ZRG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
2.1.5.A1 Sustainable Intensification of Crop Production Systems through Technologies and Capacity Building
2,345 (249) 2,096 (105) 1,991
2.1.5.A2 Sustainable Intensification of Livestock Production Systems through Technologies and Capacity Building for Mitigation of Constraints and Risks
1,589 170 1,759 (60) 1,699
2.1.5.P1 Capacity Building and Risk Analysis Methodologies for Compliance with Food Safety Standards and Pesticide Control and Strengthened Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures through Irradiation of Food and Agricultural Commodities
351. This programme is implemented jointly with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and includes research, training and other services from the FAO/IAEA Agriculture and Biotechnology Laboratory at Seibersdorf, near Vienna. It fosters applications of nuclear and related biotechnologies to intensify and diversify agricultural production systems and improve food quality and safety, while ensuring efficient and environmentally-sound resource management.
352. All major outputs from the two technical projects (TPs) and one continuing programme activity (CP) involve: a) method or technology development and assessment which relies on studies and surveys conducted through networks, and b) training and capacity building in application on pilot and area-wide scales through workshops and field projects implemented nationally and regionally through IAEA- and FAO-funded technical cooperation activities. Complementing country and regional activities and promoting wider outreach, are publications, databases and computer-based information systems available in hard copy, over the web and on CD-ROM. The programme makes a contribution to the intra-departmental project 210A2, Promotion of Conservation Agriculture, particularly from entity 215A1, hence the apparent decrease.
353. The Programme will concentrate on:
128 Chapter 2: Technical and Economic Programmes
a) completing work on the comparative assessment, pilot testing and monitoring of methods to measure, understand and manipulate key processes for more efficient use of soil, water and nutrient resources;
b) normative and operational work on biotechnology;c) promoting the concept of area wide Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
through provision of improved mass rearing, release and quality assurance methods for applying the sterile insect technique (SIT) to control or eradicate economically significant crop and livestock insect pests or vectors of disease, most notably medfly, screwworms and tsetse flies; and
d) international and national regulatory frameworks and capacities for complying with food safety and phytosanitary standards through irradiation and transfer of analytical methods and quality assurance procedures for contaminants and residues covered by the Codex Alimentarius.
215A1 – Sustainable Intensification of Crop Production Systems through Technologies and Capacity Building
354. Objective: to develop and disseminate improved techniques and practices for assessing and alleviating constraints and risks to sustainable intensification.
355. Approach: contributing to improved soil, water and nutrient management, will be internationally validated methods for measuring soil erosion at the catchment scale, soil water and its dynamics, and the agronomic effectiveness of phosphate rocks. An interactive computer-based system will provide decision support for direct application of such materials. These methods will be employed for identifying practices which improve crop productivity through integrated approaches to soil, water and nutrient management. With respect to work on crop germplasm improvement and characterisation, planned outputs include methodologies and guidelines for induction, molecular characterisation and selection of mutated germplasm with agronomically important traits such as yield, disease and stress tolerance; guidelines on tissue culture methods appropriate for low-income countries; and the availability of a regularly updated web-based database on officially released crop mutant varieties; and a crop mutant germplasm register with accessions characterised by DNA fingerprinting. The results of an expert consultation on genetically modified arthropod pests, the dissemination of improved insect mass rearing, internationally validated quality control and molecular characterisation procedures and the availability of a database on radiation doses for insect sterilisation will contribute to work on risk assessment and management of major trade-related insect pests of crops.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 129
215A2 - Sustainable Intensification of Livestock Production Systems through Technologies and Capacity Building for Mitigation of Constraints and Risks
356. Objective: to develop and disseminate techniques and practices for improved assessment and management of risks and constraints to productivity.
357. Approach: in relation to small-scale dairy production systems, the TP will develop methods and a manual for making more effective use of tanniferous tree foliage as feeds, coupled with strengthened national capacities in using these and other methods and strategies developed in previous biennia for improving feed utilisation and management of artificial insemination (AI) services. Biotechnology applications in support of EMPRES will include improved methods for early warning, diagnosis and surveillance of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, foot-and-mouth and Newcastle disease and the conduct of a global serological survey to determine progress in the global rinderpest eradication campaign (GREP). A laboratory management software will be disseminated and training organised to aid processing and analysis of diagnostic and surveillance information, while advice and other services will be provided to promote diagnostic laboratory accreditation for transboundary animal diseases, as well as technical services to the International Office of Epizootics (OIE) Standards Commission.
358. Towards the development and implementation of appropriate risk assessment and management procedures for screwworm in the Near East and Latin America and the Caribbean regions, and for tsetse fly infestations in Africa, the TP will develop: methodologies and guidelines for sampling, identification and genetic analysis of insect populations; standards and guidelines for efficient large-scale production of quality assured tsetse flies; and decision-support tools for identifying priority areas for intervention. Through the PAAT, it will contribute to the gathering and dissemination of internationally coordinated information, strategy development and policy advice with respect to tsetse in Africa, thereby contributing to the OAU's Pan African Tsetse and Trypanosomosis Eradication Campaign (PATTEC), and provide technical support to field projects aimed at the establishment of tsetse free areas through integrated use of SIT with other methods.
215P1 - Capacity Building and Risk Analysis Methodologies for Compliance with Food Safety Standards and Pesticide Control and Strengthened Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures through Irradiation of Food and Agricultural Commodities
359. Objectives: to strengthen capacities within national food and pesticide control laboratories to implement risk analysis procedures for food contaminants and residues and compliance with pesticide standards; to provide decision support for use of irradiation as a sanitary and
130 Chapter 2: Technical and Economic Programmes
phytosanitary treatment of food and agricultural commodities, thereby facilitating trade.
360. Approach: work relating to Codex and pesticide standards includes: technical services for adoption by Codex of guidelines for the validation of analytical methods for residues; guidelines on quality assurance parameters for method validation and for determining uncertainty of analytical results for compliance with maximum residue limits; and methodologies for validating simple methods for determining pesticide residues, mycotoxins and human bacterial pathogens in food. Additional contributions to the international standard-setting process will be provided through technical services to the Panel of Experts on Pesticide Residues. Capacities for complying with relevant standards and guidelines relating to the operation of food and pesticide control laboratories will be strengthened in all regions through courses, field projects and organisation of proficiency testing activities, complemented by enhancements to the content of the International Food Contaminant and Residue Information System (INFOCRIS).
361. With respect to irradiation, key outputs are: technical support to the development of an amended Codex General Standard for Irradiated Foods and a standard on irradiation as a phytosanitary treatment through the ICPM; and regular updating of the website of the International Consultative Group on Food Irradiation and of databases on irradiated food and irradiation facilities, which will provide Members with factual information about global developments relating to the process.
Impact of ZRG Resource LevelsThe two technical projects (215A1, Sustainable Intensification of Crop Production Systems through Technologies and Capacity Building, and 215A2, Sustainable Intensification of Livestock Production Systems through Technologies and Capacity Building for Mitigation of Constraints and Risks) would have a reduced publication output, in particular a technical document on understanding genetically modified organism (GMO) technology for insect pest management and attendant risks, guidelines on molecular marker methods for characterising plant genetic resources, as well as other documents.
Extra-budgetary Resources
362. It is recalled that this programme is implemented jointly with IAEA. The latter's contribution is foreseen at around US$ 11 million, including the Seibersdorf Laboratory. The IAEA technical cooperation programme will continue to provide technical services to projects and training courses in all areas, at an estimated value of US$ 26 million. These are not shown in the following table as they are recorded in the accounts of the IAEA.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 131
2002-03 Estimates by Funding Source, Unit and Region (US$ 000)
Funding Source Organizational Unit Region
Fund Total Unit Programme
Trust Total Region Total
of Work FundProgramme of Work AFIP 21 0 21 Global 500Regular Programme 5,665 AGE 5,644 0 5,644 Inter Regional 0
Africa 1,201Programme of Work 5,665 Asia and
Pacific1,602
Trust Fund Activities Near East 796Trust Funds 0 Europe 369Trust Fund Activities 0 Latin America 1,197Programme 2.1.5 Total 5,665 5,665 0 5,665 5,665
Programme 2.1.9: Programme Management(All amounts in US$ 000)
Programme Entity 2000-01 Program
me of Work
RG Program
me Change
RG 2002-03
Programme of Work
ZRG Program
me Change
ZRG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
2.1.9.S1 Departmental Direction 3,607 (623) 2,984 0 2,9842.1.9.S2 Divisional Direction 2,963 3 2,966 0 2,9662.1.9.S3 Regional and Sub-regional
363. This programme covers the immediate Office of Assistant Director-General (AGD), including the Programme Coordination Unit (AGDP), the offices of the division directors and those parts of Regional Office direction attributable to this major programme.
132 Chapter 2: Technical and Economic Programmes
Major Programme 2.2: Food and Agriculture Policy
and Development
Main Substantive Thrusts and Priorities(All amounts in US$ 000)
Programme 2000-01 Program
me of Work
RG Program
me Change
RG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
ZRG Program
me Change
ZRG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
Trust Fund
2.2.1
Nutrition 17,050 544 17,594 (587) 17,007 11,725
2.2.2
Food and Agricultural Information 34,166 1,727 35,893 (1,791) 34,102 12,172
2.2.3
Food and Agricultural Monitoring, Assessments and Outlooks
Distribution of Resources by Strategic ObjectivesMajor Programme 2.2 A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 E1 E2 E3
2.2.1 Nutrition
2.2.2 Food and Agricultural Information
2.2.3 Food and Agricultural Monitoring, Assessments and Outlooks
2.2.4 Agriculture, Food Security and Trade Policy
Legend
Greater than zero, less than US$ 1 million
US$ 1 million to 2million
US$ 2 million to 4million
More than US$ 4million
364. This major programme is implemented mainly by the Economic and Social Department (ES) and associated regional teams, with the World Agricultural Information Centre (WAICENT) and other activities of the Library and Documentation Systems Division (GIL) also included within Programme 2.2.2. The main substantive thrusts were presented in the Medium Term Plan (MTP) 2002-2007, and are briefly recalled below.
365. Building on its strong information dissemination and analytical dimensions, the major programme addresses, in the first instance, the insufficient progress in combating hunger and malnutrition. Secondly, it plays a significant role in ensuring greater participation of developing
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 133
countries in the formulation of a rules-based food and agricultural trading system. Thirdly, it contributes to an important goal of the whole membership, i.e. ensuring improved quality and safety of foods.
366. This translates into key priorities, as listed below:a) Raising awareness of the benefits of combating hunger, reducing
malnutrition and identifying priority action areas, particularly through data collection and analytical studies in preparation for the mid-term review in 2006 of progress towards achievement of the World Food Summit (WFS) target and commitments.
b) Identification and targeting of the food insecure, through further development of the Food Insecurity and Vulnerability Information and Mapping System (FIVIMS) in collaboration with FIVIMS partners, and by assisting countries in regularly and systematically locating and enumerating food insecure and vulnerable people. This is to be supplemented by global and regional reporting through the State of Food Insecurity in the World (SOFI), now a fully-fledged addition to FAO's major assessment reports.
c) Sustainable improvement in nutritional well-being through a combination of: community-based actions to address local causes of malnutrition; improvement of nutritional benefits arising from national and sectoral policies and programmes; support to civil society institutions to help create the conditions for poor households to acquire sufficient food and utilise it most effectively; and enhanced education and public information for dietary improvement and nutritional well-being.
d) Promoting food safety and consumer protection, thereby addressing concerns about food borne diseases in many areas of the world. This includes: improvement and international harmonisation of risk analysis; objective information about incidents and food safety hazards; support to food safety at national and international levels in close cooperation with the World Health Organization (WHO), particularly through Codex; and regional and global food safety conferences. Particular emphasis is given to risk analysis of foods derived from biotechnologies, of microbiological contaminants, and to the establishment of a Food Safety Rapid Alert and Crisis Management System.
e) Facilitating the integration of developing countries into international markets, especially to assist those seeking to enhance their agricultural performance through improved domestic and trade policies, and to enable them to participate as well-informed and equal partners in multilateral trade negotiations (MTN) on agriculture.
f) Improving preparedness and the response to food emergencies through further refinement of the Global Information and Early Warning System (GIEWS) and by incorporating nutrition considerations and assessments.
g) Improving quality and coverage of statistical data as well as access to FAO's data by electronic means. Part of this effort is to assist countries in enhancing the compilation of agricultural statistics, within the integrated framework for the preparation of agricultural sector accounts and food and agricultural indicators.
h) Pursuing the expansion of WAICENT as a truly integrated corporate information dissemination instrument at the service of Members, and harnessing the potential of fast-changing information and communication technologies. The programme extends to strengthening national capacities for management and dissemination of information,
134 Chapter 2: Technical and Economic Programmes
with the proactive participation of countries. The new WAICENT Outreach initiative seeks to expand knowledge exchange and information systems available to stakeholders associated with agricultural development and food security.
Resources
367. In response to the above priorities, as already reflected in the Medium Term Plan 2002-2007, a number of changes to the underlying programme structure are introduced:
a) Under Programme 2.2.1, the principal innovations are two new entities of a continuing nature, i.e. 221P6, Food Safety Assessment and Rapid Alert System, and 221P7, Public Information about Nutrition, Food Quality and Safety; other entities are also restructured, as anticipated in the MTP, e.g. through separate identification of work related to household food security (221A4), nutrition education (221A5) and emergencies (221A6).
b) Under Programme 2.2.2, a special effort is to be made for the Systematic Evaluation and Improvement of Statistical Data Quality (new project 222A4), while the hitherto large entities dealing with WAICENT and the Virtual Library are broken down into more manageable and homogeneous components, including Facilitation of WAICENT Outreach (222P8).
c) Some realignment between Programmes 2.2.3 and 2.2.4 through limited resource transfers is also made in order to strengthen work related to support agricultural trade negotiations; moreover, a new, inter-disciplinary project to which all ES Divisions will contribute, covers the mandated Mid-term Review in 2006 of Progress Towards the WFS Target (224A3).
368. The overall net increase provided for the major programme translates into differentiated net increases to the four constituent programmes, with Programme 2.2.3 evidencing the highest change (over 7 percent) and Programme 2.2.2 a close second (over 5 percent), while more limited increments are possible for the other two substantive programmes. This would, in particular, greatly facilitate the more-balanced use of FAO languages which is specifically contemplated in several areas, including Codex, Global Perspective Studies, market intelligence reports, trade information, where budgetary constraints had hitherto inhibited sufficient progress to be made. It may also be noted that the special entity introduced in the 2000-2001 biennium (222P5, Programme for the Improvement of Language Coverage) is proposed to be maintained in the 2002-2003 biennium, with a slight increase.
369. Examples of activities, which would particularly benefit from the impact of increased resource levels, may be given as follows:
a) Under Programme 2.2.1, training and direct assistance to countries addressing the nutrition aspects in emergencies (221A6); and food safety assessments of the microbiological hazards of food derived from biotechnology (221P5 and 221P6).
b) Under Programme 2.2.2, start-up support to national FIVIMS in a larger number of countries (222A1); the new entity for statistical quality
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 135
improvement (222A4); a more effective consultative mechanism (Consultation on Agricultural Information Management - COAIM) under 222S2; and strengthening of WAICENT tools under other GIL entities.
c) Under Programme 2.2.3, an increased number of crop and food supply assessment missions for the GIEWS (223P6), an area chronically affected by resource constraints; and analytical studies and assessments on food security and trade-related issues (223P3 and 223P5).
d) Under Programme 2.2.4, an ample range of analytical studies and data collection efforts under the new entity, Mid-term Review in 2006 of Progress Towards the WFS Target (224A3), and enhanced analysis of pertinent issues to support countries for trade negotiations (224P4).
e) The technical services agreement entities which are generally devoted to direct advisory services to Members and support to the field programme, are also to be reinforced.
370. The filling of critical gaps in expertise would also be possible, e.g. new posts in the Food and Nutrition Division (ESN) dealing with food safety (microbiology), nutrition in emergencies, and impact of biotechnology; two new regional Statistician posts; and a new post of Trade Economist (Multilateral Trade Negotiations) in the Commodities and Trade Division (ESC). GIL would also be able to strengthen its professional capacity with several junior posts of Technical Information Specialists.
136 Chapter 2: Technical and Economic Programmes
Programme 2.2.1: Nutrition(All amounts in US$ 000)
Programme Entity 2000-01 Program
me of Work
RG Program
me Change
RG 2002-03
Programme of Work
ZRG Program
me Change
ZRG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
2.2.1.A1 Human Nutrition Requirements 1,275 (214) 1,061 0 1,0612.2.1.A2 Nutrition Improvement for
Sustainable Development2,534 (748) 1,786 0 1,786
2.2.1.A4 Community Action for Improved Household Food Security and Nutrition
3,534 (2,272) 1,262 (3) 1,259
2.2.1.A5 Food and Nutrition Education, Communication and Training
0 1,089 1,089 0 1,089
2.2.1.A6 Nutrition and Household Food Security in Emergencies
371. The programme focuses on food quality and safety for consumer protection and fair practices in food trade and the sustained improvement of nutritional well-being, with particular attention given to nutritionally vulnerable households and population groups.
372. The programme coordinates international food composition activities and, together with WHO, provides a forum for risk assessment of chemical and microbiological food-borne hazards and food production and processing methods, and for the development of science-based international food standards and related instruments for use by governments to protect consumers and ensure fair practices in food trade. It develops methodologies for monitoring, surveillance and assessment of human nutrition and household food security requirements and situations. It provides guidelines and technical support for developing and implementing specific nutrition programmes and activities. Policy and technical advice is provided to Members on various aspects of food and nutrition, including the implementation of national plans of action aimed at improving nutritional well-being as a follow-up to the International Conference on Nutrition (ICN) and the WFS.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 137
373. The programme is now structured in five technical projects (TPs) and five continuing programme activities (CPs), in addition to the usual technical services agreement (TS).
221A1 - Human Nutrition Requirements374. Objective: to update estimates of human nutritional requirements for use by Members in national policy formulation.
375. Approach: the TP will produce technical papers on determination of energy, protein and vitamin A and other nutrient requirements. Expert consultations will be organised, coupled with publications on nutritional requirements and their attainment by diet. Ongoing work on assessment of nutritional status will be complemented by manuals and software incorporating new data.
221A2 - Nutrition Improvement for Sustainable Development376. Objective: to reduce nutritional deficiencies and improve nutritional well-being through assistance in the implementation of national plans of action.
377. Approach: regional and sub-regional workshops will foster effective use of guidelines for the implementation of national plans of action for nutrition; targeting of nutrition interventions; policy advocacy for nutrition improvement; and the introduction of nutrition considerations into agricultural research. The TP also includes guidelines on facilitating support for multi-sectoral and community-driven nutrition improvement, and the formulation of guidelines for the development of strategic multi-sectoral alliances to aid in the alleviation of rural and urban malnutrition and to reduce the impact of urbanisation and globalisation.
221A4 - Community Action for Improved Household Food Security and Nutrition
378. Objective: to foster multi-sectoral, community-based programmes and improve household food security and nutrition in both urban and rural areas.
379. Approach: this entity will provide guidelines and direct assistance to countries for effective participatory community-based programmes with year-round access to, and consumption of, nutritionally-adequate diets. It will implement training and workshops to strengthen national and local capacity for household food security and nutrition programmes, and promote the exchange of information and lessons learned on household food security and community nutrition among nutrition practitioners through an interactive website and other media.
138 Chapter 2: Technical and Economic Programmes
221A5 - Food and Nutrition Education, Communication and Training
380. Objective: to strengthen capacities of national and local institutions for effective nutrition education and communication programmes and activities.
381. Approach: the main activities will be: methodologies, training materials, direct assistance, workshops and training for promoting nutrition education in schools, and nutrition education and communication for the public.
221A6 - Nutrition and Household Food Security in Emergencies382. Objective: to assist stakeholders in taking due account of nutrition aspects in emergency preparedness, response and rehabilitation.
383. Approach: guidelines and training materials will aim at incorporating household food security and nutrition considerations into emergency preparedness, response and rehabilitation. The TP will also support local capacity building to deal with nutrition concerns in natural disasters and other emergencies; and provide advice to countries to address nutrition in emergency situations; and strengthen mechanisms for coordinated interventions.
221P1 - Food Composition (INFOODS)384. Objective: to assist countries in updating, disseminating and using food composition data.
385. Approach: food composition data will continue to be disseminated to support global assessments of the nutritional status of individuals and populations together with standards for, and harmonisation of, food composition data. The CP also covers: regional and national food composition tables and databases; international food composition training workshops; the Journal of Food Composition and Analysis; and an interactive database for the promotion of local and traditional foods. An international Food Data Conference is to be organised.
386. Objective: to develop, disseminate and maintain international science-based food standards and related instruments relevant to consumer protection and fair practices in the food trade for use by governments and as the reference in bilateral, regional or international agreements.
387. Approach: the joint programme will continue to develop food standards, guidelines and other recommendations for consumer protection and trade, and pursue increased use of FAO languages. It will ensure that international policies and principles for food standardisation include risk assessment policies for food safety.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 139
221P5 - Food Quality Control and Consumer Protection388. Objective: to promote the establishment and operation of national regulatory frameworks compatible with international requirements, and food control systems and programmes at national and local levels that ensure food quality and safety throughout the food chain.
389. Approach: focus will continue to be on the harmonisation of national food control regulations with Codex standards and active support to national policies, instruments and mechanisms for the use and application of international food standards, national food quality and safety assurance systems and programmes. Risk communication and consumer awareness will be addressed through workshops, publications, and regional and global food safety conferences.
221P6 - Food Safety Assessment and Rapid Alert System390. Objective: to provide scientific assessments of food safety and related guidance to the Codex Alimentarius Commission and its Members, and global access to information and data on food quality and safety.
391. Approach: this CP is primarily involved with scientific safety evaluations of food additives, contaminants and processes such as biotechnology, as well as risk assessment through dietary intake studies. It will maintain a database on food additives and contaminants and operate the recently established Food Safety Rapid Alert and Crisis Management System. Attention will be given to scientific evaluation and nutritional and safety assessments of foods derived from biotechnology, and related advice to Codex and it Members.
221P7 - Public Information about Nutrition, Food Quality and Safety
392. Objective: to provide to a variety of users, current, relevant and readable technical information on nutrition and food control.
393. Approach: the main vehicles to disseminate information will be the Journal of Food, Nutrition and Agriculture and a section of FAO's website on food and nutrition.
221S1 – Technical Support Services to Member Nations and the Field Programme
394. This entity covers a wide range of advisory services at national level and technical backstopping to field projects as relate to nutrition considerations.
140 Chapter 2: Technical and Economic Programmes
Impact of ZRG Resource LevelsUnder technical project 221A6, Nutrition and Household Food Security in Emergencies, lower resource levels would imply reduced training, and direct assistance to Members, for addressing nutrition issues during emergency relief and rehabilitation. Collaboration with the working group on nutrition in emergencies of the Administrative Committee on Coordination (ACC) Sub-committee on Nutrition would also need to be curtailed. Under entity 221P2, Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme (Codex Alimentarius), the planned additional four volumes of Codex Alimentarius published in all languages, would not be possible. Under entity 221P5, Food Quality Control and Consumer Protection, scientific evaluation and nutritional and safety assessment of foods derived from biotechnology, and the provision of advice to countries and to the Codex Intergovernmental Task Force on Foods Derived from Biotechnology would be particularly affected. The impact on entity 221P6, Food Safety Assessment and Rapid Alert System, would be in terms of less satisfactory coverage of products and processes of topical importance. Under 221S1, Technical Support Services to Member Nations and the Field Programme, reduced volumes of activity would need to be contemplated as regards in particular formulation of project proposals on nutrition education and improvement in the nutritional status of populations, as well as support to National Codex Committees.
Extra-budgetary Resources
395. Field activities are expected to expand particularly in two areas: capacity building for national food control systems for the protection of consumer health and facilitating international trade in agricultural commodities; and support for household food security and nutrition programmes. Support to normative work will include the creation of an Internet-based mechanism for the exchange of information between countries on conventions and standards relating to food safety and plant and animal health. Donor support for conducting international and regional conferences on food quality and safety, with related follow-up activities at national level, is also anticipated.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 141
2002-03 Estimates by Funding Source, Unit and Region (US$ 000)
Funding Source Organizational Unit Region
Fund Total Unit Programme
Trust Total Region Total
of Work FundProgramme of Work AFIP 558 0 558 Global 10,512Regular Programme 16,520 ESN 14,541 7,329 21,870 Inter Regional 6,553Secondments to SPPD 15 FAOR 16 4,067 4,083 Africa 6,583Other External Secondments
4 RO 1,417 122 1,539 Asia and Pacific
1,819
Secondments to STS 9 SO 1,062 13 1,075 Near East 1,069Secondments to Trust Funds
77 TCO 0 194 194 Europe 1,210
CODEX 969 Latin America 1,573Programme of Work 17,594Trust Fund ActivitiesTrust Funds 11,725Trust Fund Activities 11,725Programme 2.2.1 Total 29,319 17,594 11,72
529,319 29,319
142 Chapter 2: Technical and Economic Programmes
Programme 2.2.2: Food and Agricultural Information(All amounts in US$ 000)
Programme Entity 2000-01 Program
me of Work
RG Program
me Change
RG 2002-03
Programme of Work
ZRG Program
me Change
ZRG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
2.2.2.A1 Food Insecurity and Vulnerability Information and Mapping System (FIVIMS)
3,664 407 4,071 (250) 3,821
2.2.2.A2 FAO/World Bank/USDA Initiative for Agricultural Statistics in Africa
466 (53) 413 0 413
2.2.2.A3 FAO Country Profiles and Mapping Information System
200 234 434 (100) 334
2.2.2.A4 Systematic Evaluation and Improvement of Statistical Data Quality
0 878 878 (878) 0
2.2.2.A5 World Agriculture Information Resource System (WAIR)
181 297 478 0 478
2.2.2.P1 Agricultural Resources and Income Statistics
3,201 (585) 2,616 0 2,616
2.2.2.P2 Agricultural Production, Trade Statistics and Food Balance Sheets
5,398 (227) 5,171 0 5,171
2.2.2.P3 Agricultural Statistics Development
2,031 (200) 1,831 0 1,831
2.2.2.P5 Programme for the Improvement of Language Coverage
2,025 62 2,087 (111) 1,976
2.2.2.P6 WAICENT Corporate Information Management and Dissemination Systems
8,311 (3,990) 4,321 (160) 4,161
2.2.2.P7 Document Repository and Electronic Publishing Systems, and Integrated Documentation Activities
0 3,303 3,303 (100) 3,203
2.2.2.P8 Facilitation of WAICENT Outreach 0 1,739 1,739 0 1,7392.2.2.P9 Virtual Library Information
Services6,223 (1,784) 4,439 0 4,439
2.2.2.S1 Technical Support Services to Member Nations and the Field Programme
1,024 580 1,604 0 1,604
2.2.2.S2 Assistance to Countries in Capacity Building for Agriculture and Food Information through WAICENT
396. Members and the international community require comprehensive information and statistics based on common concepts, standards and definitions for international comparisons and to reflect the global situation. The programme involves statistics on production, trade and food supply and consumption, as well as economic statistics relating to agriculture and gender-disaggregation. At the national level, it provides assistance for strengthening statistical information systems so that
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 143
reliable and timely data are generated to support policy formulation and decision making.
397. Programme 2.2.2 covers work on Food Insecurity and Vulnerability Information and Mapping Systems (FIVIMS), in partnership with countries themselves, other UN and bilateral agencies, and concerned international non-governmental organizations (NGOs). FIVIMS is to assemble accurate and timely information on the incidence, nature and causes of food insecurity and vulnerability, and is of a multi-disciplinary nature involving all ES Divisions, as well as other units.
398. This programme also embraces the WAICENT corporate information platform, aimed at the effective management of FAO's store of information and its widest dissemination to Members. It also coordinates the establishment of methods and standards for the management of information documentation. Through WAICENT, the programme seeks to enhance multilingual corporate information systems, i.e. the Corporate Database for Substantive Statistical Data (FAOSTAT), the FAO Information Database (FAOINFO), the Virtual Library, the International Information System for the Agricultural Sciences and Technology (AGRIS), and the Current Agricultural Research Information System (CARIS). It will provide new ones in response to changing information perspectives, such as the World Agriculture Information Resource System (WAIR) and FAO Country Profiles. Due emphasis is given to facilitating access to worldwide authoritative sources of information, both electronically and through traditional means.
399. The main technical project refers to FIVIMS (222A1), while four smaller technical projects address other time-bound initiatives. The ongoing nature of FAO's data and information collection and dissemination work explains the substantial number of distinct continuing programme entities. One entity (222P5) is dedicated to spearhead enhanced language coverage in FAO's work. Two technical services agreements complete the picture.
222A1 - Food Insecurity and Vulnerability Information and Mapping System (FIVIMS)
400. Objective: to provide accurate and timely information (including mapping) on the incidence, nature and causes of food insecurity and vulnerability as a key input to the formulation, implementation and monitoring of policies and programmes that contribute to the goals of the WFS and other international conferences.
401. Approach: the TP is to provide support to the Inter-agency Working Group (IAWG) and to FIVIMS start-up in a large number of countries, including dissemination of tool kits and support to networks. It will promote collaborative use of sub-national information and mapping in the context of national assessments and planning exercises; and disseminate food insecurity and vulnerability assessment methodologies, indicators and related monitoring reports, particularly, the State of Food
144 Chapter 2: Technical and Economic Programmes
Insecurity in the World (SOFI). FIVIMS will also address nutritional anthropometry and dietary assessments; estimates of prevalence of under-nourishment, food consumption and income statistics stemming from household surveys.
222A2 - FAO/World Bank/USDA Initiative for Agricultural Statistics in Africa
402. Objectives: to generate reliable and timely food and agricultural data for improved sectoral planning, monitoring, and evaluation of performance of the agricultural sector in Africa.
403. Approach: the TP will carry out country data needs assessments and issue framework documents for the development of integrated statistical systems. It will support data harmonisation, storage and dissemination, and formulate project documents for external assistance.
222A3 - FAO Country Profiles and Mapping Information System404. Objective: to integrate the different FAO thematic and statistical databases on country-based information so as to provide complete country profiles for assessment of the state of food, nutrition and agriculture.
405. Approach: the country-based profiles will consist of integrated FAO information resources and information from member countries. The TP will ensure adequate profile storage and retrieval tools.
222A4 - Systematic Evaluation and Improvement of Statistical Data Quality
406. Objectives: to improve data series and document data quality aspects.
407. Approach: the TP will seek to develop improved statistics on land use, irrigated areas, fertilizers, farm machinery and pesticides, and data on agricultural production and trade through an enhanced methodology for filling data gaps for non-responding countries and more complete documentation of national methods to estimate official production, trade and input statistics, and of FAO's estimation procedures for non-reporting countries. Methodological material will include quality of data from national agricultural censuses and surveys.
222A5 - World Agriculture Information Resource System (WAIR)408. Objective: to establish networks of authoritative information providers in agriculture, agriculture-related sectors, and agricultural research and development, thereby ensuring multiplier effects to FAO's own dissemination efforts.
409. Approach: the TP will develop WAIR gateways to facilitate access to worldwide information. This will involve appropriately organising and linking information pertinent to FAO's work on food security and
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 145
sustainable agricultural development, a consistent information architecture, and applications to allow data exchange between networks of institutions. The enhanced role of AGRIS/CARIS and other thematic networks will be sought in a WAIR network.
222P1 - Agricultural Resources and Income Statistics410. Objective: to provide consistent and up-to-date data series and indicators on land use, agricultural inputs, prices, income, economic accounts and related environmental concerns.
411. Approach: this core CP covers databases on agricultural resources and inputs and updated databases on agricultural income, investment and price statistics. It will issue two volumes of the Fertilizer Yearbook and the regular Summary of World Food and Agricultural Statistics and related country profiles. It also carries out work on demographic estimates and projections in collaboration with partner agencies, and gender profiles of agricultural households.
222P2 - Agricultural Production, Trade Statistics and Food Balance Sheets
412. Objective: to provide consistent and up-to-date statistics on agricultural production, trade and food balance sheets for the purpose of assessing, analysing and monitoring the food and agricultural situation.
413. Approach: this complementary core CP deals with: agricultural production statistics, leading to two volumes of the Production Yearbook and two volumes of the Bulletin of Statistics; updated international trade statistics, including two volumes of the Trade Yearbook; and supply and utilisation accounts and food balance sheets and related methodological documents. It will issue guidelines on the compilation of food and agricultural data, and on the preparation of related sectoral and environmental indicators and accounts; and support training on the compilation of food and agricultural statistics.
222P3 - Agricultural Statistics Development414. Objectives: to enhance national capacities to produce harmonised and improved basic data including appropriate gender disaggregation, and to facilitate countries' access to these data.
415. Approach: assistance to countries will build on studies on agricultural censuses and survey methodology development, including gender issues. The CP will maintain a database on census methodologies and key results; formulate training materials on applied survey methods; and provide guidelines for national integrated systems. A bulletin board on data collection dissemination and quality is also included, as well as publications on the review of the World Census of Agriculture.
146 Chapter 2: Technical and Economic Programmes
222P5 - Programme for the Improvement of Language Coverage416. Objective: to improve language balance, also by filling important gaps in coverage and support of Internet links, CD-ROMs and publications in non-FAO languages.
417. Approach: this special provision supports enhancement of tools and system to improve language balance in FAO's Internet sites and the production of multiple language versions of publications and CD-ROMs, and fill gaps in language coverage (publications, audio-visual products, meeting documents and interpretation services), including publications in Chinese (in cooperation with national authorities) and in non-FAO languages.
222P6 - WAICENT Corporate Information Management and Dissemination Systems
418. Objective: to maintain and enhance FAO information systems and systems tools, and support their continued expansion to put FAO's store of knowledge at the service of agricultural development and food security.
419. Approach: this CP involves a number of complementary activities, i.e. the development of enhanced indexing and search capabilities of FAO's website; corporate databases including FAOINFO and FAOSTAT and maintenance of the Organization's Intranet; provision of multilingual environments to facilitate access to WAICENT information through Internet and CD-ROM technologies; tools, guidelines and procedures to adjust and expand published content dynamically using current and new Internet technologies; and support to thematic information systems.
222P7 - Document Repository and Electronic Publishing Systems, and Integrated Documentation Activities
420. Objective: to enable Members and the community at large to benefit from an organised and up-to-date repository of full-text, multilingual documents for consultation and printing on demand.
421. Approach: an integrated publishing workflow management system is to efficiently generate information in various media (documents, Internet, CD-ROM). The document repository is to provide full-text versions of FAO documents and publications. This will be accompanied by upgraded documentation standards utilising the international Multilingual Thesaurus of Agricultural Terminology (AGROVOC) and FAO catalogues to strengthen information retrieval tools. Support will continue to be provided to decentralized networks of national documentation centres (AGRIS and CARIS).
222P8 - Facilitation of WAICENT Outreach422. Objective: to make WAICENT's store of knowledge and related information systems widely available to countries and other stakeholders,
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 147
including institutions associated with agricultural development and food security.
423. Approach: this new entity will seek to adapt WAICENT applications and tools and foster the use of information exchange systems, i.e. Virtual Extension Research Communication Networks (VERCON) and Farm Information Networks (FARM-Net), to meet the specific information requirements of national agricultural systems. This effort will also benefit from conceptual frameworks, methodologies and training material (Information Management Resource Kit), including distance-learning materials and impact assessment indicators.
222P9 - Virtual Library Information Services424. Objective: to facilitate access to the wealth of FAO's information on agriculture and agriculture-related fields, through development of a substantive multi-media collection (Virtual Library).
425. Approach: the CP will pursue enhancement of FAO's multiple media resource and document master collections (including completion of digitisation of priority works and heritage library catalogues of special collections). It will provide full-text document delivery services and customised, targeted information research services. It will further support a global integrated library network (Worldwide Network of Agricultural Libraries - AGLINET) and library exchange agreements for shared access to agricultural documentation and specialised information resources.
222S1 - Technical Support Services to Member Nations and the Field Programme
426. This entity covers provision of direct advisory services to Members' statistical meetings, support to the field programme and to cross-sectoral activities in the Organization.
222S2 - Assistance to Countries in Capacity Building for Agriculture and Food Information through WAICENT
427. This entity primarily involves technical assistance to national information centres (AGRIS/CARIS among others), regional cooperation through decentralized Information Management Specialist posts, and the biennial COAIM, an intergovernmental forum which reports to FAO's Governing Bodies.
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Impact of ZRG Resource LevelsUnder technical project 222A1, Food Insecurity and Vulnerability Information and Mapping Systems (FIVIMS), ZRG resource levels would entail elimination of the planned publication, within the biennium, of the second edition of the State of Food Insecurity in the World (SOFI), and much reduced support to the needed start-up of FIVIMS in countries not yet covered. Technical project 222A4, Systematic Evaluation and Improvement of Statistical Data Quality, would need to be virtually eliminated, delaying the implementation of long awaited activities to improve data series. Two entities implemented by GIL: 222S2, Technical Support Services to Member Nations and the Field Programme, and 222P6, WAICENT Corporate Information Management and Dissemination Systems, would not benefit from the proposed addition of two junior P-2 posts of Information Management Specialists, which were inter alia to support the regular COAIM organised by GIL and cross-sectoral information systems under WAICENT. Other entities implemented by the same division i.e. 222A3, FAO Country Profiles and Mapping Information System, and 222P7, Document Repository and Electronic Publishing Systems, and Integrated Documentation Activities, or in part 222P5, Programme for the Improvement of Language Coverage, would see less work on, respectively: the development of computerised country profiles; documentation standards and semantic tools; and the further multi-language development of FAO's website and CD-ROM products.
Extra-budgetary Resources
428. The field programme will focus on strengthening the capacity of developing countries to produce statistical and other information for their own planning purposes, as well as for international comparison purposes. Extra-budgetary resources will be used in particular to support the FAO/World Bank/USDA Initiative for Agricultural Statistics in Africa (222A2). Strong donor support is also expected for the FIVIMS initiative (222A1), including for normative work on the determination of indicators and mapping tools as well as FIVIMS start-up activities within countries, particularly within the United Nations Development Assistance Frameworks (UNDAF) and the World Bank's Common Country Assessments (CCA).
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 149
2002-03 Estimates by Funding Source, Unit and Region (US$ 000)
Funding Source Organizational Unit Region
Fund Total Unit Programme
Trust Total Region Total
of Work FundProgramme of Work AFIP 2,771 0 2,771 Global 21,395Regular Programme 35,636 ESA 635 0 635 Inter Regional 5,200World Bank Other 40 ESC 59 53 112 Africa 9,994World Bank 76 ESD 559 4,903 5,462 Asia and
Pacific4,717
Secondments to Trust Funds
58 ESN 422 0 422 Near East 2,122
Secondments to STS 33 ESS 10,823 0 10,823 Europe 1,615Secondments to SPPD 20 FAOR 16 6,627 6,643 Latin America 3,021Other External Secondments
30 GII 1,976 0 1,976
Programme of Work 35,893 GIL 13,965 0 13,965Trust Fund Activities RO 3,490 589 4,079Trust Funds 12,172 SO 1,177 0 1,177Trust Fund Activities 12,172Programme 2.2.2 Total 48,065 35,893 12,17
248,065 48,064
Programme 2.2.3: Food and Agricultural Monitoring,Assessments and Outlooks
(All amounts in US$ 000)Programme Entity 2000-01
Programme of Work
RG Program
me Change
RG 2002-03
Programme of Work
ZRG Program
me Change
ZRG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
2.2.3.A1 Global Perspective Studies 1,358 (87) 1,271 (100) 1,1712.2.3.P2 The State of Food and Agriculture 1,101 74 1,175 0 1,1752.2.3.P3 Market Assessments for Basic
Food Commodities and Impact on Global Food Security
1,252 303 1,555 (40) 1,515
2.2.3.P4 Projections and Global Commodity Analyses
1,023 (21) 1,002 0 1,002
2.2.3.P5 Market Assessments and Food Security Reports for Tropical, Horticultural and Raw Material Commodities
1,692 379 2,071 (20) 2,051
2.2.3.P6 Global Information and Early Warning System on Food and Agriculture
6,099 132 6,231 (200) 6,031
2.2.3.S1 Technical Support Services to Member Nations and the Field Programme
429. The programme serves to meet Members' requirements for regular and timely flows of information on, and assessments of, current food supply/demand situation, the outlook for agricultural commodities, and for strategic analyses and perspectives on longer-term food and agriculture and food security at national, regional and global levels.
430. The programme builds on basic statistical information generated mainly through Programme 2.2.2, as well as commodity market information systems within Programme 2.2.3. It addresses cross-cutting issues having policy implications, particularly food security in developing countries. Continuing attention is given to the quality and relevance of the State of Food and Agriculture (SOFA) report; assessments of the world commodity situation and its short and medium-term forecasting; understanding of the impact which agricultural development and commodity export earnings have on food security; the essential role of the Global Information and Early Warning System (GIEWS); and wide circulation of the results of the global perspective study, Agriculture Towards 2015/30.
431. In terms of structure, work on global perspective studies is captured in technical project 223A1, whereas several continuing programme activities (223P2 to 223P6) refer to the preparation of regular major publications (SOFA) or ongoing essential monitoring work (commodity-linked or emergency-linked, i.e. GIEWS). This is completed by a technical services agreement.
223A1 - Global Perspective Studies432. Objective: to provide a well-informed, long-term perspective on world food, nutrition and agriculture, including issues of technology and natural resource use in agriculture.
433. Approach: the main outputs will be: the full report of the study Agriculture Towards 2015/30, and a shorter, more popular version under the same title. A new analytical framework will be developed for making projections and undertaking scenario analysis while contributions to non-FAO long-term assessments will be made, as required.
223P2 - The State of Food and Agriculture434. Objective: to inform Members, and the international community at large, in a timely and regular fashion, on major events, trends and issues in food, agriculture and food security.
435. Approach: the State of Food and Agriculture, as an annual publication in hard copy and on the Internet, will continue to address global and regional food and agricultural situations, and produce thematic reports on important and timely issues. A CD-ROM containing statistical data for users' convenience will also be available. Technical documentation for meetings of FAO Governing Bodies will be prepared.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 151
223P3 - Market Assessments for Basic Food Commodities and Impact on Global Food Security
436. Objective: to provide up-to-date data, information and assessments related to global market developments of basic food commodities.
437. Approach: this entity provides for commodity market reports in both printed and electronic form. Work also includes medium-term projections for basic foodstuffs; integrated databases for oilseeds, oils and meals, meat and dairy products, roots, tubers and pulses; and analytical models to conduct short-term market analysis of basic foodstuffs. Two editions each are foreseen of the Review of Basic Food Policies and Recent Market Issues for Basic Foods. Periodic publications of international prices of basic food stuffs will also be issued. Other activities are: the development of market-based global food security indicators for the Committee on World Food Security (CFS) and FIVIMS; monitoring of food import bills of food-deficit developing countries and food aid flows; servicing of the Consultative Sub-committee on Surplus Disposal (CSSD); and training on market monitoring of basic food commodities.
223P4 - Projections and Global Commodity Analyses438. Objective: to enable national institutions, the private sector and other international organizations to recognise and take into account the forces and underlying trends which agricultural policies have failed to solve or may have aggravated.
439. Approach: the CP will carry out analytical studies on overall commodity markets and trade and medium-term agricultural commodity projections to 2010. A new version of the Commodity Market Review will be issued in printed and electronic form. The CP will also develop software and manuals on the revised FAO World Food Model and support training on projection methodology.
223P5 - Market Assessments and Food Security Reports for Tropical, Horticultural and Raw Material Commodities
440. Objective: to enable governments, development agencies, the commercial sector and civil society to have access to, and take into account, a wide range of information regarding market developments and prospects for tropical, horticultural and raw material products.
441. Approach: the CP maintains commodity market intelligence systems for tropical, horticultural and raw materials commodities, including electronic collection and dissemination. It develops econometric models for short-term price forecasting, prepares commodity market reports and short- and medium-term forecasts. Other supportive activities are: an electronic price monitor for tropical, horticultural and raw material commodities; key indicators for analysing the impact of export price changes on food security, and a system to monitor the impact of export earnings on food security.
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223P6 - Global Information and Early Warning System on Food and Agriculture
442. Objectives: to monitor the crop and food supply/demand situation at sub-national, national, regional and global levels and to provide governments and the international community at large with special alerts and early warnings of impending food emergencies so as to facilitate timely action to prevent loss of life and minimise human suffering.
443. Approach: the GIEWS will continue to issue its regular reports - Food Outlook, Food Crops and Shortages, Food Supply Situation and Crop Prospects in Sub-Saharan Africa, Sahel Weather and Crop Situation Reports, as well as special alerts and country-level assessments of food crop and food supply/demand situations in disaster-affected countries to evaluate the impact on food security and estimate needs for food import and aid. It will pursue the analysis of emergency food aid requests from governments; the improved electronic dissemination of GIEWS reports and extension to sub-national level of data coverage in GIEWS; and the development and maintenance of integrated food supply/demand databases.
223S1 – Technical Support Services to Member Nations and the Field Programme
444. This entity involves advisory services, especially as relate to commodity developments and other technical areas under the programme.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 153
Impact of ZRG Resource LevelsUnder technical project 223A1, Global Perspective Studies, it would not be possible to carry out the planned expanded language coverage for the shorter and more popular version of studies in the Agriculture Towards 20xx series. The reduction to entity 223P3, Market Assessments for Basic Food Commodities and Impact on Global Food Security, would curtail new information products on basic foodstuffs, particularly short-term forecasts of food market prospects and price outlooks. Under 223P5, Market Assessments and Food Security Reports for Tropical, Horticultural and Raw Material Commodities, proposed additional reports on food security and export earnings for the tropical, horticultural and raw material products, short-term market monitoring notes, and reviews of current policy developments would be curtailed. Entity 223P6, Global Information and Early Warning System on Food and Agriculture, would continue to suffer from a problem of chronic under-budgeting for crop and food supply assessment missions, including timely reports and alerts, which was partially remedied through the proposed real growth increase. Regional workshops for national consultants on GIEWS methodology to strengthen locally-organised assessment missions, would also be affected.
Extra-budgetary Resources
445. Extra-budgetary resources are expected for the further development of GIEWS supportive information technology applications, including the development of custom software and the collection and dissemination of sub-national level data, the further development and enhancement of the GIEWS web pages, and when feasible, to assist national and regional early warning systems. In addition, extra-budgetary resources will be used to develop software tools and digital databases at global, regional, and national levels in support of FIVIMS. Extra-budgetary resources are being sought to organise workshops on organic horticulture in Africa, Asia and the Pacific, and to continue work on tobacco into 2002.
154 Chapter 2: Technical and Economic Programmes
2002-03 Estimates by Funding Source, Unit and Region (US$ 000)
Funding Source Organizational Unit Region
Fund Total Unit Programme
Trust Total Region Total
of Work FundProgramme of Work AFIP 624 0 624 Global 7,816Regular Programme 13,846 ESA 1,095 72 1,167 Inter Regional 1,566
ESC 10,699 2,405 13,104 Africa 2,301Programme of Work 13,846 ESD 1,221 0 1,221 Asia and
Pacific1,876
Trust Fund Activities FAOR 16 58 74 Near East 2,860Trust Funds 4,718 RO 163 0 163 Europe 1,446Trust Fund Activities 4,718 SO 28 0 28 Latin America 699
446. This programme aims at sustainable improvements in the standard of living and nutritional status of the whole population, taking full advantage of the contributions made by agriculture to economic and rural
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 155
development and to the reduction of poverty and food insecurity. Sound agricultural policies play a major role in this effort. Furthermore, in an increasingly complex and rapidly changing international trade environment, there is a need for countries to strengthen their agricultural trade performance by improving competitiveness and developing appropriate policies.
447. In the high priority area of trade policy, the broad objective is to strengthen national capacities, particularly of developing countries, for fuller participation in multilateral trade negotiations. There is also the need to improve the competitiveness of agricultural commodities, especially in the light of rapid technological change and globalisation of markets. Special attention is given to: consolidating reforms of the Intergovernmental Group (IGG) system including thematic commodity conferences in collaboration with other bodies; strengthening the capacity of developing countries to deal with burgeoning regional trade arrangements and multilateral trade negotiations through studies, analyses and training; and pursuing work on the linkages between scientific developments and agricultural commodity trade.
448. This programme also covers comparative analyses of food security and agricultural development experiences and aims at informing policy advice activities. The outputs are mainly in terms of publications, meetings and seminars. Advisory services are provided in collaboration with the Policy Assistance Division (TCA). The programme also monitors the implementation of the World Food Summit Plan of Action, together with international and bilateral partners, civil society and regional and sub-regional organizations. A new entity is devoted to the mid-term review of progress in 2006.
224A1 - World Food Summit Monitoring and Follow-up449. Objective: to monitor WFS follow-up and foster information exchange and dialogue on policy issues identified as requiring attention by the international community.
450. Approach: the main planned outputs include: monitoring reports and facilitation of information exchange (including for media, the general public, and consultations); annual thematic issues documents for the CFS; and analytical documents on WFS follow-up matters. The involvement of civil society, including via an interactive website is an important feature.
224A2 – Commodity and Trade Policy Support to Developing Countries for Trade Negotiations
451. Objectives: to provide countries with trade policy advice to strengthen their capacity to participate effectively in trade negotiations, and to assist them in making full use of the trading opportunities arising from the implementation of trade agreements.
452. Approach: this TP will prepare analytical reports and disseminate information regarding the implications of alternative proposals emerging
156 Chapter 2: Technical and Economic Programmes
from the agenda of trade negotiations. It will convene meetings of experts on trade and food security issues under negotiation and provide direct support to countries to enhance their capacity to participate in ongoing World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiations on agricultural commodities and trade. It will also advise countries in the implementation of trade agreements, including the adjustment and adaptation of domestic policies, so as to make best use of new trading opportunities arising from these agreements.
224A3 - Mid-term Review in 2006 of Progress towards the WFS Target
453. Objective: to conduct an in-depth review of progress towards the WFS target of halving the number of under-nourished by no later than 2015, to be examined at a special forum in 2006.
454. Approach: building up towards the full-scale assessment, will include: the preparation of working papers on the impacts of economic and social policies on access to food and resources by vulnerable and disadvantaged groups; assessments of food consumption, at national level, of agricultural assets critical for food production and access to food; collection of data on changes in food consumption distribution and assessment of their impact on estimates of the number of under-nourished; and assessments of country situations and nutrition prospects. Also relevant will be: anthropometric studies for monitoring under-nutrition and complementing the global assessment of hunger and benchmarks for evaluating progress in the integration of developing countries into the global agricultural trade.
224P1 - Agricultural Adjustment and Policy Reforms455. Objective: to assist Members in developing, implementing and adjusting policies in response to rapidly changing conditions, as they affect the food and agricultural sectors.
456. Approach: a publication entitled Food, Agriculture and Rural Development: Current and Emerging Issues in Economic Analysis and Policy Research (CUREMIS), composed of analytical reports on current and emerging issues in agricultural development, food security and agricultural policy is to be issued. The issues are identified in collaboration with FAO's policy assistance staff at Headquarters and decentralized structures. The entity will also propose an agenda of priority research which needs to be undertaken by research institutions dealing with international development issues.
224P2 - Contribution of Agriculture to Poverty Alleviation, Rural Development and Food Security
457. Objective: to enhance Members' capacity to maximise the contribution of agriculture to rural development, food security and poverty alleviation (especially rural poverty).
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 157
458. Approach: the CP will produce technical publications with comparative analyses of the economic and other roles of agriculture for equitable development (contributing to SOFA). It will analyse the contribution of agriculture and farm-off-farm linkages to poverty alleviation (including interactions between agricultural growth and poverty alleviation, and risk coping strategies in developing countries). The CP will carry out studies on food security policies, practices and options, and prepare reports on the economic costs of hunger.
224P3 - Economics of Natural Resources and Environmental Sustainability
459. Objective: to enhance Members' capacity to analyse environmental and resource problems and the environment-related benefits and costs of policies.
460. Approach: the main focus will be on developing methods for economic valuation of environmental costs and benefits and analysis of specific issues (degradation, conservation and rehabilitation of natural and biological resources).
224P4 - International Action on Commodity and Trade Issues461. Objective: to assist countries in maximising benefits from trade in agricultural commodities and processed and semi-processed food products.
462. Approach: the CP will carry out analyses of emerging global and regional trade issues and policies, as they relate to agricultural trade and individual commodities and provide advice on strategies to maximise benefits obtained from trade. It will develop methodologies to assess the impact of changes in commodity and trade policies on international trade flows and food security and support a variety of consultative mechanisms (including intergovernmental consultations, multi-commodity and multi-disciplinary outlook conferences, networking and multi-media communications, and inter-disciplinary linkages with government, non-governmental, academic and private sector stakeholders) for promoting international understanding and consensus regarding the evolving of agricultural trade commodity issues. It will require databases and methodologies to assess the impact on trade and on the competitiveness of agricultural commodities in the light of emerging developments such as new technologies, eco-labelling and fair trade, and organic agriculture.
224P5 - Measures to Enhance Commodity and Trade Development463. Objectives: to enhance countries' capacity to develop their agricultural commodity sectors through improvements in productivity and increased competitiveness, and assist them in taking full advantage of trading opportunities in the globalised world economy.
464. Approach: the CP will essentially provide assistance to commodity and trade development strategies, including the building of institutional
158 Chapter 2: Technical and Economic Programmes
capacity, encouraging actions to attract investments to the commodity trade sectors and to exploit trading opportunities at the sub-regional, inter-regional and multilateral levels. It will develop related analytical tools, formulate commodity development project proposals and mobilise resources from the Common Fund for Commodities (CFC).
224S1 - Technical Support Services to Member Nations and the Field Programme
465. This entity includes, inter alia, the servicing of the Committee on World Food Security.
Impact of ZRG Resource LevelsThe most affected entity under this programme would be the critical Mid-term Review in 2006 of Progress Towards the WFS Target (224A3). There would only be partial country coverage for information on changes in the distribution of food consumption and the structure of agriculture, thus undermining the assessment of the impact on progress towards the WFS target. Other negatively affected activities would include: analysis of household surveys to map income distributions to the levels of caloric intake; the planned report on the relationship between poverty and under-nourishment, and the degree of linkage between reducing poverty and reducing food insecurity; assessment of progress made in the integration of developing countries into the global trading environment; establishment of benchmarks for evaluating progress and defining future challenges; and analyses of general trade policy areas, as well as specific agricultural markets of high significance to developing countries. Entity 224P2, Contribution of Agriculture to Poverty Alleviation, Rural Development and Food Security, would not benefit from planned empirical studies on the economic cost of hunger, while entity 224P4, International Action on Commodity and Trade Issues, would experience much reduced capacity to deliver information on commodity and trade policy in a rapid and cost-effective manner to countries in their preferred languages, by incorporating new advances in information technology and electronic dissemination to supplement traditional methods.
Extra-budgetary Resources
466. The intensification of analytical studies and capacity building for countries to participate as well-informed and equal partners in WTO trade negotiations on agriculture, remains a priority area with high potential to attract extra-budgetary resources. Support to normative work will include the socio-economic analysis and policy implications of the roles of agriculture in developing countries, and ways to improve the availability of information to guide emergency operations, especially in situations of complex emergencies where normal information systems have stopped functioning.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 159
2002-03 Estimates by Funding Source, Unit and Region (US$ 000)
Funding Source Organizational Unit Region
Fund Total Unit Programme
Trust Total Region Total
of Work FundProgramme of Work AFIP 626 0 626 Global 9,442Regular Programme 14,789 ESA 5,396 6,151 11,547 Inter Regional 6,120Secondments to Trust Funds
70 ESC 6,938 584 7,522 Africa 9,072
Other External Secondments
10 ESD 99 778 877 Asia and Pacific
1,348
Programme of Work 14,869 ESN 50 0 50 Near East 866Trust Fund Activities ESS 500 0 500 Europe 1,342Trust Funds 14,550 FAOR 16 6,195 6,211 Latin America 1,229Trust Fund Activities 14,550 RO 1,054 842 1,896
SO 190 0 190Programme 2.2.4 Total 29,419 14,869 14,55
029,419 29,419
Programme 2.2.9: Programme Management(All amounts in US$ 000)
Programme Entity 2000-01 Program
me of Work
RG Program
me Change
RG 2002-03
Programme of Work
ZRG Program
me Change
ZRG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
2.2.9.S1 Divisional Management 3,725 (120) 3,605 0 3,6052.2.9.S2 Divisional Direction 3,404 296 3,700 0 3,7002.2.9.S3 Regional and Sub-regional
467. This programme covers the immediate Office of Assistant Director-General (ESD), including the Programme Coordination Unit (ESDP), the offices of division directors and those parts of the Regional Office direction attributable to the programmes on food and agriculture policy and development. Some adjustments in provisions are required.
160 Chapter 2: Technical and Economic Programmes
Major Programme 2.3: Fisheries(All amounts in US$ 000)
Programme 2000-01 Program
me of Work
RG Program
me Change
RG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
ZRG Program
me Change
ZRG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
Trust Fund
2.3.1
Fisheries Information 6,408 570 6,978 (284) 6,694 1,640
Distribution of Resources by Strategic ObjectivesMajor Programme 2.3 A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 E1 E2 E3
2.3.1 Fisheries Information 2.3.2 Fisheries Resources and
Aquaculture
2.3.3 Fisheries Exploitation and Utilisation
2.3.4 Fisheries Policy
Legend
Greater than zero, less than US$ 1 million
US$ 1 million to 2million
US$ 2 million to 4million
More than US$ 4million
Main Substantive Thrusts and Priorities
468. The FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries, the recently-developed International Plans of Action, together with other international fisheries instruments, provide the framework for national policies aiming at responsible, long-term development in fisheries and aquaculture. The major programme facilitates the implementation of these instruments and provides assistance in the management, development, marketing and use of the fisheries and aquaculture resources. Most of the activities are multi-disciplinary and often involve cross-sectoral cooperation with other programmes in the Organization as well as national and international institutions, centres of excellence and the private sector. In addition, where relevant, activities specifically address the enhancement of women's contributions to the development of the sector, and safety of all involved in the fisheries industry.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 161
469. The need for more responsible and environment-friendly fisheries is recognised globally and the major programme will contribute to: conservation of all exploited ecosystems, with focus on those particularly at risk; rehabilitation of those already damaged; and promotion of environmentally sound, sustainable development. The major programme will also support the use of technology needed to reduce discards and any negative impact on the environment from fishing activity. Principles and guidance for ecosystem-based fishery management will be further developed and promoted with policy-makers.
470. The major programme reflects the significant role of fisheries in combating food insecurity. This includes priority work to develop sustainable rural livelihoods in small-scale fishing communities and activities to improve emergencies preparedness to lessen their adverse impact on fisheries and aquaculture. Major outputs in several programme entities also address sustainable increases in food supply through enhancing the contribution of aquaculture and inland fisheries to food security, and supporting the development of small-scale fisheries and fishery-dependent communities.
471. Major Programme 2.3 will promote the participation of developing countries in international trade, including through the enhancement of fish quality and safety systems, as well as the use of under-utilised resources and lower-value species. It will assist in the formulation of national strategies for quality and safety in handling and marketing of fish and fish products, as well as government policies to enhance safe consumption and fair trade, including training to improve compliance with the provisions of World Trade Organization (WTO) agreements.
472. Monitoring and coordination of the implementation of the Code of Conduct are important aspects of reinforced policy and regulatory frameworks. Assisting Members in building the foundations of good fisheries management; an effective legal framework; institutional capacity; and efficient monitoring, control and surveillance arrangements, are essential elements of successful implementation. Policy work includes assistance in the coordination and implementation of effective fisheries management and strengthening of regional fisheries bodies. Specific attention will be given to monitoring and analysis of subsidies in fisheries and to management of fishing capacity.
473. The major programme aims to improve the quality of, and access to, information of strategic value for fisheries managers, Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs), funding institutions and the public at large. The development of a Fisheries Global Information System (FIGIS) will be completed in 2003. This will be a unique, integrated, policy-oriented information resource base to aid in the development of global, regional and national statistical and information systems and in the monitoring and analysis of data and trends. Other fisheries information products, such as the State of the World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2002 (SOFIA) and the CD-ROM Atlas on World Fisheries, will be completed. There will
162 Chapter 2: Technical and Economic Programmes
be due emphasis on improving the quality and timeliness of information and statistics.
474. Attention to gender issues will include, in particular, new databases on employment in primary production and fish processing with gender disaggregation; guidelines for small-scale aquaculture with gender dimensions; support to regional networks of women working in fisheries; and assessment of the role of women in fisheries in selected countries.
Resources
475. Programme 2.3.1, Fisheries Information, is to benefit most in relative terms (nearly 9.0 percent) from the net increase in resources for the entire major programme.
476. Proposed staffing changes include: two new posts of statisticians (one for Asia and the Pacific); one of technical editor; and several other new professional posts to fill critical gaps, e.g. dealing with aquaculture economics, fisheries resources, and aquaculture development in Latin America and the Caribbean. Most of these posts are at junior grade levels.
477. Besides the reinforcement of the two programme entities related to fisheries information (231A1 and 231P1), this strengthening of expertise translates into higher resources for a number of other entities, e.g. 232A3 and 232A5, and 232S1 dealing inter alia with advisory services on aquaculture.
478. Worthy of note are also the incremental activities on food safety and processing technology under technical project (TP) 233A4 and active support to the implementation of the FAO-sponsored International Plans of Action (IPOAs) under continuing programme activity (CP) 234P3. Greater attention to enhanced language coverage in both meetings and publications activities is also facilitated by the net increase in resources under the pertinent entities.
479. The decrease under entity 232A2 reflects transfers of resources to 232A1 (because of the demand for better aquaculture management with lower environmental impacts), 232P1 (to improve the contribution to SOFIA and global monitoring), and 232S1 (in support of the field programme and countries' requests for assistance). The change also reflects a shift of emphasis from production to management, as a consequence of the negative environmental impacts of aquaculture in some areas (mangrove deforestation, diseases outbursts, etc.) and the bad image this important food producing sector was consequently acquiring.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 163
Programme 2.3.1: Fisheries Information(All amounts in US$ 000)
Programme Entity 2000-01 Program
me of Work
RG Program
me Change
RG 2002-03
Programme of Work
ZRG Program
me Change
ZRG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
2.3.1.A1 Development of the Fisheries Global Information System (FIGIS)
629 213 842 0 842
2.3.1.P1 Provision of Fisheries Information and Statistics
4,789 308 5,097 (283) 4,814
2.3.1.S1 Advice and Technical Support to Member Nations and Regional Fisheries Bodies
480. This programme provides comprehensive information and statistics on fisheries and aquaculture, in support of analysis, policy-making and planning, to Members and the international community at large. The development of the Fisheries Global Information System (FIGIS) will continue under 231A1, relying extensively on extra-budgetary funds. This work will build on efforts to improve access to existing fisheries information and statistics, and make available current information on the status and trends of fishery resources, the latter in partnership with regional fisheries bodies. The programme also covers the development of norms and standards for collection and exchange of fisheries information and statistics; technical advice and assistance on information and statistics collection, processing and exchange programmes of Members and regional fisheries bodies.
231A1 – Development of the Fisheries Global Information System (FIGIS)
481. Objective: to improve access to, and disseminate, good quality and timely information for governments, policy-makers and other users in support of responsible fisheries, aquaculture and trade.
482. Approach: this TP is to use leading edge technology, in conformity with World Agricultural Information Centre (WAICENT) norms, to further integrate Fisheries Department (FI) databases and information, and make this integrated information readily accessible. Additional information on status and trends of fishery resources will be provided in partnership with regional fisheries bodies. In order to enhance contents, common standards, classifications, formats and protocols will be developed.
231P1 – Provision of Fisheries Information and Statistics483. Objective: to provide to Members and users at large, verified global fishery, aquaculture, aquatic sciences and fisheries information and statistics and related standards.
164 Chapter 2: Technical and Economic Programmes
484. Approach: collation, verification, analysis and dissemination of information and statistics will continue, with due emphasis on improving quality and timeliness through the increased use of computerised data submission and screening tools. In close cooperation with Members, a plan will be developed to rehabilitate and improve the collection, analysis and reporting of information on the status and trends of fisheries, so as to enhance and streamline reporting at the national, regional and global levels. In this connection, norms, standards, definitions and classifications will be developed.
231S1 – Advice and Technical Support to Member Nations and Regional Fisheries Bodies
485. This entity is to cover direct advice, methodological guidelines, operational tools and training to improve national fisheries information and statistics collection, processing, dissemination and exchange. Capacity building for Members and regional fisheries bodies will be continued, also through regional workshops as a cost-effective mechanism.
Impact of ZRG Resource LevelsThe effort envisaged for enhanced collection and dissemination of fisheries statistics, would be undermined by the deletion of the proposed new post of Fisheries Statistician for the Asia and Pacific Region, which could not be established under ZRG resource levels.
Extra-budgetary Resources
486. Under 231A1, it is expected that donors will support the development of the FIGIS system during the biennium. Other extra-budgetary resources are being sought, to develop the FIRMS sub-system of FIGIS.
2002-03 Estimates by Funding Source, Unit and Region (US$ 000)
Funding Source Organizational Unit Region
Fund Total Unit Programme
Trust Total Region Total
of Work FundProgramme of Work AFIP 329 0 329 Global 3,261Regular Programme 6,958 FAOR 43 0 43 Inter Regional 213Secondments to Trust Funds
20 FI 5,862 221 6,083 Africa 1,299
Programme of Work 6,978 RO 529 1,419 1,948 Asia and Pacific
1,962
Trust Fund Activities SO 215 0 215 Near East 673Trust Funds 1,640 Europe 586Trust Fund Activities 1,640 Latin America 625Programme 2.3.1 Total 8,618 6,978 1,640 8,618 8,619
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 165
Programme 2.3.2: Fisheries Resources and Aquaculture(All amounts in US$ 000)
Programme Entity 2000-01 Program
me of Work
RG Program
me Change
RG 2002-03
Programme of Work
ZRG Program
me Change
ZRG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
2.3.2.A1 Promotion of Responsible Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture
1,510 322 1,832 (95) 1,737
2.3.2.A2 Increased Contribution of Aquaculture and Inland Fisheries to Food Security
1,174 (330) 844 (33) 811
2.3.2.A3 Marine Fisheries Resources Identification and Biodata
1,006 165 1,171 (153) 1,018
2.3.2.A4 Monitoring and Reporting on Global Marine Resources and Relevant Environmental and Ecological Changes
1,405 (329) 1,076 (4) 1,072
2.3.2.A5 Assessment and Management of Fisheries Resources
1,017 147 1,164 (144) 1,020
2.3.2.P1 Global Monitoring and Strategic Analysis of Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture
1,852 306 2,158 (88) 2,070
2.3.2.S1 Advice on Marine Resources and Environmental Issues and Aquaculture Development
487. The programme assists Members in ensuring the sustainable contributions of marine and inland water fisheries and aquaculture to food supplies, food security and general economic growth, and aims at conserving the ecosystems on which these contributions are based. This is to be achieved through advice to Members on improved management practices in marine and inland fisheries and aquaculture, including conservation and rehabilitation of inland and coastal habitats and resources. Further, the programme provides technical advice for the sustainable development of under-utilised marine fisheries resources, where appropriate. Advice is also provided on the expansion of sustainable aquaculture (particularly in food-deficit countries) through efficient use of resources, sustainable intensification, and integration with agricultural programmes. Programme 2.3.2 will continue to provide strategic data on, and analysis of the performance, trends, principal issues and potentials of marine, inland fisheries and aquaculture sub-sectors. Attention is given to ecosystem problems in the marine environment, a necessary condition for fisheries sustainability. The work programme comprises five technical projects, one continuing programme activity covering FAO's monitoring responsibilities, and one technical services agreement.
166 Chapter 2: Technical and Economic Programmes
232A1 – Promotion of Responsible Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture
488. Objective: to promote the sustainable use of fisheries resources and reduce environmental and biodiversity impacts from inland fisheries and aquaculture.
489. Approach: this TP will carry out studies and produce methodologies on conservation, management and rehabilitation of inland water habitats, genetic resources, sustainable use of land, water, feed and seed inputs in aquaculture. Technical guidelines will also be prepared on implementation of the Code of Conduct as regards inland fisheries and aquaculture, and regional and international norms will be developed.
232A2 – Increased Contribution of Aquaculture and Inland Fisheries to Food Security
490. Objective: to assist countries in increasing aquatic production in inland and coastal areas through sustainable development of aquaculture and inland fisheries for national food security and rural development.
491. Approach: major outputs will include studies and methodologies on the efficient use of resources and health management; and farming systems and practices for the integration of aquaculture with agriculture and rural development, particularly for integrated small-scale rural development. The TP will also promote regional and inter-regional cooperation in rural development, and assist with strategies for inland fisheries and aquaculture in semi-arid and arid countries.
232A3 – Marine Fisheries Resources Identification and Biodata492. Objective: to provide information on species, stock data of potentially or actually exploited marine species and fisheries and advice on composition of stock and catches.
493. Approach: this TP maintains an electronic archive of drawings, photographs, distribution maps and data on species for dissemination through the FAO website and other systems. Other activities include preparation of guides and catalogues of marine resources and the improvement of the Population Dynamic Database (POPDYN) and related software.
232A4 – Monitoring and Reporting on Global Marine Resources and Relevant Environmental and Ecological Changes
494. Objective: to satisfy member countries' and stakeholders' need for summaries of trends and events in world fishery resources, including concerns about impact of human activities on marine production, habitats and ecosystems.
495. Approach: the TP includes studies of the ecosystem effects of fishing and of ecosystem variation on fisheries and fishery resources.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 167
Main outputs will be publications on the state of world fishery resources and related fisheries-environmental interaction and Reviews of World Marine Fishery Resources.
232A5 – Assessment and Management of Fisheries Resources496. Objective: to promote appropriate policies and technologies to encourage effective resource management and enhance national capacity.
497. Approach: this TP covers methodology development and publications on appropriate, cost-effective resource management and risk assessment and management practices. It includes the determination of Total Allowable Catch (TAC) and effort capacity. The use of methodologies and related constraints at national level will be regularly assessed, and an international consultation on risk assessment and management in fisheries will be convened.
232P1 – Global Monitoring and Strategic Analysis of Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture
498. Objective: to assist governments, development agencies, the private sector and the NGO community in decision making for sustainable development of inland fisheries and aquaculture.
499. Approach: regional studies will address priority areas for research while methodologies will be developed to promote the participatory approach in extension. Training materials will deal with the recognition and support of women's role in the sub-sector. Publications will include: feed and nutrient atlas, a review of aquaculture information systems, reviews of the state of aquaculture and inland fisheries, culture-based fisheries and stock enhancement, evaluation of genetic resource use, and the FAO Aquaculture Newsletter. Guidelines on sustainability criteria and indicators will be prepared and disseminated.
232S1 – Advice on Marine Resources and Environmental Issues and Aquaculture Development
500. This entity is to provide direct advice and training on management of marine fishery resources and on inland fisheries and aquaculture, including gender-specific technical advice. Technical backstopping to field projects is also covered.
Impact of ZRG Resource LevelsThis programme would not benefit from the expected important technical contributions of two proposed new specialist posts dealing with marine resources and aquaculture (in the Latin America and Caribbean region) and attendant non-staff resources. Accordingly, entity 232S1 covering advisory services to countries would need to be reduced, as well as several outputs under other entities .
168 Chapter 2: Technical and Economic Programmes
Extra-budgetary Resources
501. Under entity 232A1, extra-budgetary resources are anticipated in order to support the first meeting of the COFI Sub-committee on Aquaculture and the development of an information system on aquatic animal diversity.
502. Several projects are supporting the general thrust of the programme, of which a few are worth mentioning. For instance, the ADRIAMED15 project, which originated from a request by the General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM), is designed to parallel activities carried out in the Western Central Mediterranean by the sub-regional project COPEMED16, while focusing on the Adriatic ecosystem. This project interacts with entities 232A5 and 232S1, as it encompasses activities concerning the implementation of the Code of Conduct, and GFCM's recommendations in the field of resources assessment and monitoring.
503. Another regional project (MedSudMed) is to develop methodologies and tools of major relevance to entities 232A4 and 232S1. The well-established Nansen programme, making use of ship-borne surveys to determine fish abundance and distribution (supported by the Government of Norway), is at present active in the Southeast and Northwest Atlantic Oceans. Its activities contribute directly to entities 232A4, 232A5 and 232S1. Another major project in West Africa is being supported by the Government of the United Kingdom.
2002-03 Estimates by Funding Source, Unit and Region (US$ 000)
Funding Source Organizational Unit Region
Fund Total Unit Programme
Trust Total Region Total
of Work FundProgramme of Work AFIP 371 0 371 Global 7,807Regular Programme 10,885 FAOR 0 1,638 1,638 Inter Regional 206Secondments to STS 41 FI 9,323 19,157 28,480 Africa 18,556Secondments to SPPD 32 RO 1,013 1,757 2,770 Asia and
Pacific3,139
Secondments to Trust Funds
136 SO 387 146 533 Near East 2,363
Programme of Work 11,094 TCO 0 271 271 Europe 715Trust Fund Activities Latin America 1,278Trust Funds 22,969Trust Fund Activities 22,969Programme 2.3.2 Total 34,063 11,094 22,96
934,063 34,064
15 Support to strengthen coordination of Fishery Management in the Adriatic Sea16 Advice, technical support and establishment of cooperation networks to facilitate coordination to support fisheries management in the Mediterranean
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 169
Programme 2.3.3: Fisheries Exploitation and Utilisation(All amounts in US$ 000)
Programme Entity 2000-01 Program
me of Work
RG Program
me Change
RG 2002-03
Programme of Work
ZRG Program
me Change
ZRG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
2.3.3.A1 Reduction of Discards and Environmental Impact from Fisheries
939 319 1,258 (278) 980
2.3.3.A2 Sustainable Development of Small-scale Fisheries
1,086 278 1,364 (4) 1,360
2.3.3.A3 Increased Production from Under-utilised Aquatic Resources and Low-value Catches
1,044 (476) 568 (1) 567
2.3.3.A4 Consumption, Safety and Quality of Fish Products
962 319 1,281 (109) 1,172
2.3.3.A5 Promotion of International Fish Trade
1,188 35 1,223 (6) 1,217
2.3.3.S1 Support and Advice in Fishing Technology, Fish Utilisation and Trade
504. This programme supports improved fish production, utilisation and trade within the framework of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries. Emphasis is given to investigations to reduce negative environmental impacts of fishing operations, promotion of by-catch reduction technologies and increased utilisation of under-exploited resources. These activities will reduce wastage in fisheries, supporting rebuilding of stocks and biodiversity.
505. Assistance to the sustainable development of small-scale fisheries will contribute to food security and employment in coastal areas. The programme also supports building of national and regional capacity in fish inspection, quality assurance and value addition technology, as well as promoting nutritional and health benefits of fish consumption. For trade promotion, accent is placed on improving the access of developing countries to timely marketing information, analysis and forecasts and the organisation of trade events, in cooperation with INFONetwork (FAO-supported Fish Marketing Information Services).
233A1 – Reduction of Discards and Environmental Impact from Fisheries
506. Objective: to monitor the extent of the bycatch problem both qualitatively and quantitatively, and promote new bycatch reduction technologies.
507. Approach: technical documents will be prepared on bycatch reduction options, and manuals for the design, installation and use of bycatch reduction devices. Methodologies and guidelines on handling,
170 Chapter 2: Technical and Economic Programmes
processing and marketing of unavoidable bycatch will be issued. Management methods will be developed for reducing discards and the environmental impacts from fisheries, together with methodology to estimate discard rates. The TP also provides assistance to national Plans of Action for the avoidance of incidental catch of seabirds and follow-up of their implementation.
233A2 – Sustainable Development of Small-scale Fisheries508. Objective: to enhance the contribution of small-scale fisheries to food security and employment, promote appropriate technologies, commercial practices, related methods and approaches, and to foster capacity building and institutional strengthening.
509. Approach: the TP supports training on the development and management of artisanal ports and co-management of fish resources to be accompanied by manuals on participatory extension methods. Technical guidance is provided on diversification of effort from coastal to offshore waters, including measures to store and preserve catch. Other planned outputs will be: publications on improved safety at sea; guidelines leading to national safety programmes and for vessel surveyors; analyses, guidelines and participatory training materials for the integration of small-scale fisheries in coastal area management, fish utilisation, coastal zone monitoring and control systems, access to credit and mutual insurance; case studies on market opportunities; and plans for disaster preparedness.
233A3 – Increased Production from Under-utilised Aquatic Resources and Low-value Catches
510. Objective: to provide advice on policy changes to increase production from under-utilised resources and to enhance value and utilisation for human consumption of low-value catches.
511. Approach: the TP will provide updated policy options and legal instruments to promote the contribution of under-utilised species to food security. Appropriate technologies will be identified and promoted to sustainably intensify production. Technical papers will be prepared for vessel and gear design, and on-board handling for harvesting selected under-utilised species.
233A4 – Consumption, Safety and Quality of Fish Products512. Objective: to improve safety and quality of fish products traded internationally and domestically.
513. Approach: major activities are the formulation of international guidelines on hazards and risk assessment and training programmes on fish safety and quality. The TP also assists with the implementation of quality and safety assurance systems, integrating Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP), risk analysis and cost effectiveness. Internet-based data will be widely disseminated on hazards, risks and
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 171
standards. An international meeting on hazards and risks associated with fish and fishery products will be organised. Field trials and storage and acceptability testing of fish oil products will be conducted.
233A5 – Promotion of International Fish Trade514. Objective: to facilitate the positions of governments in international trade negotiations through better access to timely marketing information, analysis and forecasts; and to promote developing countries' participation in international trade, including use and active membership of INFONetwork.
515. Approach: the TP will support the global network for information and provide technical advice related to international fish trade. It will organise conferences on specific commodity and trade issues and ensure on-going technical support to regional fish marketing information organizations. The TP also covers secretariat services for COFI Sub-committee on Fish Trade.
233S1 – Support and Advice in Fishing Technology, Fish Utilisation and Trade
516. This entity covers technical support services to field operations and support and advice to Members and other organizations, including fisheries technology and training institutions and regional fisheries bodies. Issues of fish quality and safety will be adequately addressed. An information base of fishing fleets and gear and related technological developments is maintained and international undertakings reflecting the interests of the fishing industry are supported. Advice to regional agricultural credit associations on provision of credit for small and medium-scale fisheries enterprises is also covered.
Impact of ZRG Resource LevelsPlanned work on the development of seafood-related information systems, particularly on food safety, nutrition, processing technology and trade would need to be reduced (projects 233A4, Consumption, Safety and Quality of Fish Products, and 233A5, Promotion of International Fish Trade), as well as work on the environmental impact of fishing operations (project 233A1, Reduction of Discards and Environmental Impact from Fisheries).
Extra-budgetary Resources
517. A contribution from GEF (regarding tropical shrimp trawling, the fishing operation with the highest rate of discards) is expected to extend activities on the reduction of bycatch and environmental impact from fishing activities, complementing planned work under entity 233A1. Eleven countries around the globe will participate in the project. Extra-budgetary support is also expected to be provided for activities under
172 Chapter 2: Technical and Economic Programmes
233A5, specifically for the COFI Sub-committee on Fish Trade (by the host government) and for services in the field of international trade in fish and fishery products, as may be specified in future agreements (by GLOBEFISH17 partners).
2002-03 Estimates by Funding Source, Unit and Region (US$ 000)
Funding Source Organizational Unit Region
Fund Total Unit Programme
Trust Total Region Total
of Work FundProgramme of Work AFIP 285 0 285 Global 2,633Regular Programme 8,587 FAOR 43 57 100 Inter Regional 328Secondments to Trust Funds
49 FI 7,618 1,187 8,805 Africa 1,617
Secondments to STS 24 RO 377 0 377 Asia and Pacific
1,558
Programme of Work 8,660 SO 337 0 337 Near East 926Trust Fund Activities Europe 1,490Trust Funds 1,244 Latin America 1,352Trust Fund Activities 1,244Programme 2.3.3 Total 9,904 8,660 1,244 9,904 9,904
Programme 2.3.4: Fisheries Policy(All amounts in US$ 000)
Programme Entity 2000-01 Program
me of Work
RG Program
me Change
RG 2002-03
Programme of Work
ZRG Program
me Change
ZRG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
2.3.4.A1 Coordination and Monitoring of the Implementation of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries
1,194 (125) 1,069 (2) 1,067
2.3.4.A4 Promotion of Coastal Fisheries Management
805 203 1,008 (1) 1,007
2.3.4.A5 Promotion of Appropriate National/Regional Policies for Sustainable Aquaculture Development
615 44 659 (1) 658
2.3.4.P2 Global Analysis of Economic and Social Trends in Fisheries and Aquaculture
1,183 41 1,224 (4) 1,220
2.3.4.P3 Economic and Social Analysis of Fishery and Aquaculture Policy and Management
893 971 1,864 (497) 1,367
2.3.4.S1 Promotion and Strengthening of Regional Fisheries Bodies and Arrangements and Field Programme Support
17 Computerized System of Fish Marketing Information
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 173
518. This programme addresses the social and economic aspects of capture fisheries and aquaculture, as well as the analysis of policies and management strategies for the fishery and aquaculture sectors. It involves economic interpretation of global information on production, technology development, status of aquatic resources, preservation, processing, trade and consumption. The influence of international economic and social developments as well as the natural factors affecting fisheries resources are analysed. The Programme includes medium and long-term projections of demand and supply of fish and fish products, as well as the maintenance of databases on fishery management and essential fishery issues. Policies and strategies are examined in the context of the management and measurement of fishing capacity, monitoring, control and surveillance of fisheries, as well as the economic and social implications of alternative fisheries management approaches, including the use of subsidies.
519. The programme plays a key role in fostering international cooperation in fisheries, in particular as focal point for supporting regional fisheries bodies and for enhanced cooperation and collaboration with other organizations. The Fishery Policy and Planning Division (FIP) provides secretariat functions to the Committee on Fisheries, the Advisory Committee on Fisheries Research (ACFR) and those FAO regional fisheries bodies serviced by Headquarters.
520. The programme comprises three technical projects, complemented by two continuing programme activities to cover important, ongoing analytical work for the benefit of the membership, and one technical services agreement to support regional fisheries bodies and the field programme.
234A1 – Coordination and Monitoring of the Implementation of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries
521. Objective: to assist with national policies and strategies in fisheries and aquaculture, and improved management plans leading to the restoration of depleted fish stocks.
522. Approach: this TP will elaborate technical guidelines and other materials for the effective implementation of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries, and related International Plans of Action (IPOAs). It will carry out regular assessment of likely future patterns of global fisheries management and aquaculture development and disseminate policy-related data on the role of men and women in the fisheries sector. Reports on the implementation of the Code will be prepared.
234A4 - Promotion of Coastal Fisheries Management523. Objective: to assist stakeholders (fisheries and fishworkers, fisher communities, small-scale and semi-industrial fishing sector, governmental agencies) to achieve a sustainable balance in the harvest of coastal fish resources.
174 Chapter 2: Technical and Economic Programmes
524. Approach: the major activity is to assist fishery-dependent communities in developing methodologies through which they will be able to effectively elaborate participatory fishery management plans and identify associated management instruments.
234A5 - Promotion of Appropriate National/Regional Policies for Sustainable Aquaculture Development
525. Objective: to promote increased consumption of, and trade in, culture fish, crustaceans and molluscs.
526. Approach: the TP will promote the conclusions and recommendation of an FAO Technical Consultation on Legal Frameworks and Economic Policy Instruments for Sustainable Commercial Aquaculture through national seminars to identify constraints to the development of sustainable commercial aquaculture and foster discussions of policy options to counter constraints.
234P2 - Global Analysis of Economic and Social Trends in Fisheries and Aquaculture.
527. Objective: to provide a factual information base on fisheries and aquaculture for decision making by governments and other interested parties on matters of both national and international concern.
528. Approach: the main activity is the FAO flagship publication, the State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture (SOFIA). This entity will also maintain the web-based Fisheries Atlas and produce a CD-ROM version. It will continue work on the projection of future fish consumption, including international trade in fish products.
234P3 - Economic and Social Analysis of Fishery and Aquaculture Policy and Management
529. Objective: to assist with more effective policies and management in both fisheries and aquaculture.
530. Approach: this CP is essentially to provide information and analysis to foster international understanding on issues such as: the use of economic incentives, how to manage shared fish stocks, how to assist fishing communities in the transition from unsustainable to sustainable fisheries. It will provide assistance, information and training in support of implementation of four IPOAs supporting the Code of Conduct.
234S1 – Promotion and Strengthening of Regional Fisheries Bodies and Arrangements and Field Programme Support
531. This entity ensures the organisation of, and secretariat services to, the Committee on Fisheries and FAO regional fisheries bodies and arrangements, and supports field activities related to fisheries policy and planning. This involves advice to Members related to the implementation of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries, especially on
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 175
investment in sustainable fisheries and aquaculture, management planning, economic incentives, participatory approaches and control of capacity. Advisory services are given to field projects with focus on economic and social aspects of fisheries. A directory of regional fishery management organizations is to be published, while fisheries agreements and mandates of regional fisheries bodies will be updated, as required.
Impact of ZRG Resource LevelsLower resources availability would be felt principally in terms of much reduced support to the International Plans of Action endorsed by COFI under entity 234P3, Economic and Social Analysis of Fishery and Aquaculture Policy and Management, and associated services under entity 234S1, Promotion and Strengthening of Regional Fisheries Bodies and Arrangements and Field Programme Support.
Extra-budgetary Resources
532. During the biennium, normative work on economic and social analysis of policies and management for fisheries and aquaculture is expected to be strengthened by extra-budgetary funding. This will be used particularly for the study of factors leading to unsustainability and over-exploitation of capture fisheries and in support of the FISHCODE initiative (programme of global partnerships to promote responsible fisheries).
2002-03 Estimates by Funding Source, Unit and Region (US$ 000)
Funding Source Organizational Unit Region
Fund Total Unit Programme
Trust Total Region Total
of Work FundProgramme of Work AFIP 295 0 295 Global 3,707Regular Programme 9,700 FAOR 43 505 548 Inter Regional 2,895World Bank Other 51 FI 6,969 2,753 9,722 Africa 3,826Secondments to Trust Funds
61 RO 1,624 0 1,624 Asia and Pacific
1,314
Secondments to STS 18 SO 984 0 984 Near East 246Secondments to SPPD 47 Europe 72Other External Secondments
18 Latin America 1,113
ISP 20Programme of Work 9,915Trust Fund ActivitiesTrust Funds 3,258Trust Fund Activities 3,258Programme 2.3.4 Total 13,173 9,915 3,258 13,173 13,173
176 Chapter 2: Technical and Economic Programmes
Programme 2.3.9: Programme Management(All amounts in US$ 000)
Programme Entity 2000-01 Program
me of Work
RG Program
me Change
RG 2002-03
Programme of Work
ZRG Program
me Change
ZRG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
2.3.9.S1 Departmental Direction 2,253 41 2,294 0 2,2942.3.9.S2 Divisional Direction 1,800 (38) 1,762 0 1,7622.3.9.S3 Regional and Sub-regional
533. This programme covers the immediate Office of Assistant Director-General (FID), including the Programme Coordination Unit (FIDP), the offices of the division directors and those parts of Regional Office direction attributable to fisheries activities.
Major Programme 2.4: Forestry(All amounts in US$ 000)
Forestry Policy and Planning 8,556 (380) 8,176 (686) 7,490 28,697
2.4.4
Forest Programmes Coordination and Information
3,825 757 4,582 (238) 4,344 621
2.4.9
Programme Management 5,117 (113) 5,004 0 5,004 0
Total 30,439
2,175 32,614
(1,883)
30,731
46,182
Cost Increases (82) (104)Total - recosted 32,53
230,62
7
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 177
Distribution of Resources by Strategic ObjectivesMajor Programme 2.4 A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 E1 E2 E3
2.4.1 Forest Resources
2.4.2 Forest Products
2.4.3 Forestry Policy and Planning
2.4.4 Forest Programmes Coordination and Information
Legend
Greater than zero, less than US$ 1 million
US$ 1 million to 2million
US$ 2 million to 4 million
More than US$ 4million
Main Substantive Thrusts and Priorities
534. The rapid evolution of demands on the forestry sector presents challenges to countries to achieve sustainable management and conservation of forest resources, while ensuring that the social and economic needs of society are met. Most constraints and opportunities for forests and forestry are cross sectoral and inter-disciplinary in nature. In particular, there are critical links between forestry and food security. Forests provide a direct source of income for hundreds of millions of people, and hence play a major role in sustaining livelihoods and reducing poverty. They are a direct source of food for millions of people in the form of non-wood forest products (NWFP) and forage for animals. Healthy forests are essential to sustainable agriculture by conserving soils and providing clean water for drinking and irrigation. The environmental services of forests, including biodiversity, are increasingly valued. In effect, areas where deforestation has been most severe, are often among the poorest.
535. International concern about forest loss and degradation is being translated into political commitment to sustainable forest management, and international dialogue on forests will have even greater prominence in the near future, with the establishment of the United Nations Forum on Forests (UNFF) and the supporting Collaborative Partnership on Forests (CPF) chaired by FAO. FAO will play a leading role in providing information and knowledge to support policy discussions and actions, as well as in monitoring progress made by member countries toward sustainable forest management and implementation of their commitments.
536. Recognising that countries themselves hold the key to successful action, FAO will aim to strengthen national capacities to address forest sector and inter-sectoral issues through participatory processes. A National Forest Programme Facility will be established in collaboration with key partners to support these efforts.
537. In relation to threats to fragile ecosystems, including mountain forests, upland watersheds, deserts and mangroves, particular emphasis during the biennium will be given to FAO's lead role in the International
178 Chapter 2: Technical and Economic Programmes
Year of Mountains (IYM) 2002, and to ensuring effective follow-up to new initiatives which are likely to arise from this event.
538. The Organization will continue to provide comprehensive and timely information about all aspects of forests – environmental, social and economic. The Committee on Forestry (COFO) called upon FAO to provide leadership in knowledge management, to facilitate international dialogue on forest definitions and terminology, to expand the scope and reliability of global forest resource assessments, and to ensure that information about forests is updated on a continuous basis with heightened participation of national institutions. Forest information will be made available to Members in all official languages through use of advanced information technology, as well as traditional media.
539. Natural and planted forests provide an important source of climatic stability through carbon sequestration. At the same time, forests are increasingly threatened by changes in climate, fire and pest outbreaks, and other catastrophic events. FAO will play a key role in synthesising research and disseminating timely and accurate information about forests and climate change. This work will be carried out within the context of international agreements related to climate change and in collaboration with the relevant secretariats. As requested by COFO, the Organization will also work with member countries to facilitate coordinated efforts to prevent and fight forest fires.
540. Critical support will be provided to the formulation and promotion of policies for sound development of forest-product industries and trade, including non-wood and wood-based forest products. Special emphasis will be given to the inter-actions between social, economic and environmental dimensions.
Resources and Structural Changes
541. The programme structure was further rationalised in the Medium Term Plan 2002-2007. The number of technical projects (TPs) and continuing programme activities (CPs) have been reduced from 21 to 14. This new structure will provide more flexibility by concentrating resources in relatively fewer entities. It is important to stress that the elimination of some entities does not imply cessation of work in related areas, as resources have been shifted and activities consolidated (cf. details below).
542. The overall net increase in resources under this major programme will strengthen a number of important priorities as recommended by COFO at its last two sessions. It will also permit the establishment of seven new professional posts, mostly at junior grade levels.
543. In Programme 2.4.1, Forest Resources, two entities have been removed in order to consolidate work on resource management in entity 241A1, and on resource conservation in entity 241A4. The reduction under entity 241P1, Assessment and Monitoring of Forests and Woodland
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 179
Resources, does not indicate a lower priority, but simply reflects the unusually high allocation in 2000-01 to finalise and publish the results of the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2000 (FRA 2000). Increased funding for entity 241S1 shows due emphasis on support to the field programme, direct advisory services to member countries, and inter-disciplinary work.
544. In Programme 2.4.2, Forest Products, two programme entities have also been removed in order to consolidate resources for normative work into three major areas: environmental aspects of forests; forest products information; and forest products utilisation. It should be noted that funds for the Forest Products Yearbook, including the development and maintenance of the statistical databases on forest products production, consumption and trade, have been shifted from Programme 2.4.3 to 2.4.2, hence most of the large increase in total resources in the latter, leading to an improved balance in programmes within Forestry. Entity 242S1 is also being strengthened.
545. The apparent reduction for Programme 2.4.3, Forestry Policy and Planning, masks a significant increase in funding for work to strengthen institutional capacities and national forest programmes in entities 243A3 and 243P1. Three entities, including two particularly small ones, have been eliminated in the interest of consolidation, while resources are shifted to 243A1, Forestry Sector Outlook Studies.
546. Under Programme 2.4.4, Forest Programmes Coordination and Information, additional resources will be used to increase the number of FAO languages in which key technical publications are issued and in the Forestry section of FAO's Internet website. It should be noted that the reduced provision for entity 244A1 does not mean lower priority to the support to international arrangements, as some related aspects, including support to national forest programmes, have been shifted from 2.4.4 to 2.4.3.
180 Chapter 2: Technical and Economic Programmes
Programme 2.4.1: Forest Resources(All amounts in US$ 000)
Programme Entity 2000-01 Program
me of Work
RG Program
me Change
RG 2002-03
Programme of Work
ZRG Program
me Change
ZRG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
2.4.1.A1 Sustainable Management of Natural Forests and Woodlands
241A1 – Sustainable Management of Natural Forests and Woodlands
547. Objective: to support and increase national capacities to conserve, enhance and sustainably utilise natural forests and woodlands for the provision of a wide variety of goods and services.
548. Approach: agreement will be sought among the various regional and international processes on criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management, including key indicators for monitoring progress toward sustainable forest management at the international level and the incorporation of these indicators in national forest monitoring systems. At least two new sub-regional initiatives (Central Africa and Asia) will aim at increasing the area of forests under sustainable management through the promotion of model and demonstration forests, and the sharing of experiences and information through networking, coupled with new initiatives to address the special problems of countries with arid lands threatened by desertification. This TP will develop methodologies and best practices in silviculture and multi-purpose management of natural forests, including fragile ecosystems such as mountain forests and mangroves, and disseminate related guidelines, handbooks and case study reports. It will also cover: support to country driven regional action plans for management of forest genetic resources; secured web-based access to and enhancement of, the Global Information System on Forest Genetic Resources (REFORGEN); provision of an effective international coordination mechanism and relevant cooperative action for forest fires; and promotion of integrated pest management practices.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 181
241A4 – Environmental Conservation in Forests and Fragile Ecosystems
549. Objectives: to identify constraints and facilitate the uptake of improved methods of biodiversity conservation and of sustainable use of forest and wildland animal resources; to enhance the protective role and functions of trees in fragile ecosystems and marginal lands and prevent erosion and control desertification; and to increase awareness of, and action on, sustainable mountain development issues, including integrated watershed management, especially in view of the observance of the International Year of Mountains 2002.
550. Approach: the TP includes dissemination of technologies and technical information on critical issues in fragile ecosystems, with special reference to mountains and drylands, including capacity building in countries and networking and a guide on best practices in watershed management. Pilot watershed management activities are to generate knowledge and information on, inter alia, highland-lowland linkages. Guidelines will support effective conservation and sustainable management of biological diversity, including wildlife, in forests and wildlands, together with inventories of research needs, training and support to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). Other activities are capacity building through training materials and workshops at regional and country level, and support and reporting to the Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD), Rio+10 and other Agenda 21 related processes, according to FAO's Agenda 21 task manager responsibilities. The TP will coordinate preparation for, and follow-up to, the International Year of Mountains 2002.
241A5 – Forest Plantations and Trees Outside Forests551. Objectives: to support national efforts in planning, management and monitoring of forest plantations and trees outside forests (including agroforestry systems, and urban and peri-urban environments), through the adoption of best practices in seed handling and supply, tree improvement, nursery, silviculture, agroforestry practices and protection intervention.
552. Approach: the information collection and dissemination component will include databases on forest plantations and planted trees, and provision of information on appropriate tree planting materials and tree improvement technologies (including seed exchange networks, studies and guidelines and direct advice to national institutions) as well as on management of forest plantations and planted tree resources. National efforts will benefit from the formulation of land use planning and ecosystem conservation strategies through agroforestry and other tree-based systems outside forests, and of policies and programmes for the increased integration of trees in urban and peri-urban environments.
182 Chapter 2: Technical and Economic Programmes
241P1 – Assessment and Monitoring of Forests and Woodland Resources
553. Objectives: to systematically analyse, document and report on the status and trends in forest resources; to develop and update methods for forest inventory, analysis, assessment and monitoring based on common and agreed concepts and terms; and to strengthen national capabilities to assess forest resources and the underlying causes of deforestation and forest degradation.
554. Approach: global forest assessment work will continue to report on quantitative as well as qualitative information, including additional environmental, social and economic parameters. Improved Internet access to assessment results will be sought, including information on baseline data and maps on forest resources. This entity will further refine and disseminate methodologies for assessing changes in all types of forests and woodlands and support capacity building in selected countries on forest resources assessment and monitoring.
Impact of ZRG Resource LevelsZero real growth (ZRG) provisions would entail the need to abandon the proposed establishment of one important new post of P-3 Forestry Officer (Wildlife Management) in the Regional Office for Africa. ZRG would imply an overall much reduced level under entity 241A4, Environmental Conservation in Forests and Fragile Ecosystems, and reductions in services to member countries under 241S1. The implementation of a coordinated international system in response to forest fires under project 241A1, Sustainable Management of Natural Forests and Woodlands, would also be affected, together with support to networking, capacity building on forest surveys and monitoring under entity 241P1, Assessment and Monitoring of Forests and Woodland Resources.
Extra-budgetary Resources
555. An increasing demand from Members is expected for support to the sustainable management and conservation of forest resources and trees outside forests. Areas which will be supplemented by extra-budgetary resources include: strengthening of national capacities to assess and monitor forest resources; the International Year of Mountains 2002, including follow-up actions in key countries; management, rehabilitation and conservation of forests in areas with threatened ecosystems, including dry zones, mangroves and mountain areas; development and implementation of criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management; assistance to countries in implementing model and demonstration forests; advice to countries on the development of effective agroforestry and other multi-disciplinary approaches; and development of effective tools and strategies for watershed management. Collaboration with member countries, Non-governmental Organizations
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 183
and the secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity to address key issues related to forests and biodiversity may also attract extra-budgetary support.
2002-03 Estimates by Funding Source, Unit and Region (US$ 000)
Funding Source Organizational Unit Region
Fund Total Unit Programme
Trust Total Region Total
of Work FundProgramme of Work AFIP 204 0 204 Global 5,264Regular Programme 8,520 FAOR 43 6,540 6,583 Inter Regional 1,050Secondments to STS 8 FO 6,289 4,670 10,959 Africa 3,418Secondments to Trust Funds
133 LOGE 28 0 28 Asia and Pacific
9,538
Programme of Work 8,661 RO 1,656 3,099 4,755 Near East 972Trust Fund Activities SO 441 0 441 Europe 737Trust Funds 14,659 TCO 0 350 350 Latin America 2,340Trust Fund Activities 14,659Programme 2.4.1 Total 23,320 8,661 14,65
923,320 23,319
Programme 2.4.2: Forest Products(All amounts in US$ 000)
Programme Entity 2000-01 Program
me of Work
RG Program
me Change
RG 2002-03
Programme of Work
ZRG Program
me Change
ZRG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
2.4.2.A1 Environmental Aspects of Forests 1,013 (135) 878 (11) 8672.4.2.A2 Increasing Productivity in
Sustainable Forest Raw Material Utilization
1,100 (1,100) 0 0 0
2.4.2.P1 Forest Products Information 239 1,764 2,003 (18) 1,9852.4.2.P2 Appropriate Utilisation of Forest
Products863 978 1,841 (25) 1,816
2.4.2.P3 Forest Products Utilization Issues 486 (486) 0 0 02.4.2.S1 Support to Field Projects and
242A1 – Environmental Aspects of Forests556. Objective: to contribute to the analysis of the environmental dimension of forests and forest practices, including their impact on climate.
557. Approach: a major activity is the support to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC), to be accompanied by workshops for capacity building on land use, land use change and forestry in relation to the Convention. Various publications are to be issued, e.g. forests'
184 Chapter 2: Technical and Economic Programmes
contributions to climate change mitigation, trade and marketing linkages to environmental issues, alternative systems for certification of sustainable forest management and a number of related meetings and/or seminars are to be held.
242P1 – Forest Products Information558. Objective: to improve availability of, and access to, information on forestry sector utilisation, production, trade and marketing.
559. Approach: this entity will maintain the database of the global study on harvesting intensities and impact assessments. Publication outputs will include: two issues each of the Forest Products Yearbook, Non-Wood News, and the Recovered Paper Survey, four issues of Forest Energy Forum, as well as technical publications on forest harvesting and engineering intensities and related environmental impacts and unified measurements for rattan inventory, processing and trade and manual on non-wood forest products (NWFP) socio-economic assessment. An electronic network on forest energy will be supported, and updated wood energy information disseminated.
242P2 – Appropriate Utilisation of Forest Products560. Objective: to develop and promote methodologies for best practices in forest utilisation covering harvesting, engineering, processing, trade, marketing of NWFP and wood energy.
561. Approach: codes of forest harvesting and engineering practices will be promoted, particularly in Africa and Latin America (including publications and workshops). Four studies will be carried out on environmentally sound harvesting and engineering in selected tropical countries, as well as a review on logging impacts in moist tropical forests. Two workshops will be held on forest products marketing, and forest products trade issues and an international expert consultation will address NWFP. Technical publications will cover: marketing of selected forest products and wood energy planning, while two issues of the Forest Harvesting Bulletin are foreseen.
Impact of ZRG Resource LevelsProgramme 2.4.2 is only marginally affected by reductions from real growth (RG) to ZRG allocations.
Extra-budgetary Resources
562. There has been a gradual decline in requests for direct FAO support to forest industries, as this work has shifted to the private sector. At the same time, there is increasing interest from donors to support normative work in the following areas: forestry and climate change, including definitions and terminology (FAO's inter-disciplinary work in this field is
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 185
coordinated by the Forest Products Division); analysis of environmental, economic and social aspects of trade in forest products. Extra-budgetary support is also expected for: the development of non-wood forest products and their contribution to food security and sustainable rural livelihoods; the development and analysis of wood energy systems; and the development and implementation of regional and national model codes of forest practices and reduced impact logging.
2002-03 Estimates by Funding Source, Unit and Region (US$ 000)
Funding Source Organizational Unit Region
Fund Total Unit Programme
Trust Total Region Total
of Work FundProgramme of Work AFIP 244 0 244 Global 3,329Regular Programme 6,121 FO 4,775 2,205 6,980 Inter Regional 218World Bank 3 LOGE 375 0 375 Africa 1,363Secondments to Trust Funds
60 RO 602 0 602 Asia and Pacific
964
Secondments to STS 4 SO 195 0 195 Near East 572Other External Secondments
3 Europe 740
Programme of Work 6,191 Latin America 1,210Trust Fund ActivitiesTrust Funds 2,205Trust Fund Activities 2,205Programme 2.4.2 Total 8,396 6,191 2,205 8,396 8,396
Programme 2.4.3: Forestry Policy and Planning(All amounts in US$ 000)
Programme Entity 2000-01 Program
me of Work
RG Program
me Change
RG 2002-03
Programme of Work
ZRG Program
me Change
ZRG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
2.4.3.A1 Forestry Sector Outlook Studies 858 814 1,672 (124) 1,5482.4.3.A2 Forests, Trees and People
Programme143 (143) 0 0 0
2.4.3.A3 Strengthening of Institutional Capacities at Country Level
1,123 852 1,975 (483) 1,492
2.4.3.P1 Formulation of National Forest Programmes
910 267 1,177 (56) 1,121
2.4.3.P2 Analysis of Economic Factors in Forestry
1,402 (600) 802 (6) 796
2.4.3.P3 Forest Products Production and Trade Statistics
1,003 (1,003) 0 0 0
2.4.3.P4 Participatory Forestry 969 (145) 824 (17) 8072.4.3.P5 State of World's Forests 286 (286) 0 0 02.4.3.S1 Interaction with Field Programmes
243A1 – Forestry Sector Outlook Studies563. Objective: to facilitate long-term strategic forestry planning efforts, stimulate appropriate forestry policy reform in countries and to orient donor assistance and investment programmes to the needs of the forestry sector.
564. Approach: major outputs will be the State of the World's Forests (SOFO) 2003 which is also to be posted on the Internet, and the Forest Sector Outlook Study for Africa (including five sub-regional reports). Work will be initiated on the Forestry Sector Outlook Studies for Latin America and the Caribbean and for Europe (completion planned in the 2004-05 biennium). In addition, the TP carries out analytical activities related to long-term projections, descriptive scenarios and the quantitative implications of the long-term future of forests in society.
243A3 – Strengthening of Institutional Capacities at Country Level565. Objective: to enhance institutional arrangements and legal instruments for the forestry sector at national level.
566. Approach: in collaboration with key partners, an important new activity is the establishment of a National Forest Programme Implementation Facility to provide effective coordination of international support to national capacities to achieve sustainable forest management. Also relevant to national capacity building are: planned analyses of institutional issues and dissemination of results to FAO Members and partners and ongoing support to regional and international cooperation and networking for enhanced capacity in forestry research, education and extension, as well as transfer of technology for sustainable forest management.
243P1 – Formulation of National Forest Programmes567. Objective: to ensure that national forestry programmes maximise the contributions of the forestry sector to socio-economic development.
568. Approach: this entity will carry out continuous analysis of cross-sectoral linkages, influences and inter-relations between forestry policies and other national policies. It will facilitate national processes in countries to address inter-sectoral issues, also through workshops. The CP includes studies on key forestry policy issues such as: privatisation, decentralisation of policy decisions, impact on forestry of globalisation and integration processes, public policies affecting forest fires, and financing. Support to countries will also benefit from the formulation of updated guidelines and the regular dissemination of status information on the implementation of national forest programmes.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 187
243P2 – Analysis of Economic Factors in Forestry569. Objective: to help countries define forest policies and implementation procedures that are fiscally and economically sustainable, thereby supporting long-term strategic forestry planning efforts and appropriate forestry policy reform.
570. Approach: this CP will analyse further the analysis of fiscal measures and tenure arrangements that serve sustainable forest management, including cross-country comparison. It will issue technical guidelines on best practice in forest products pricing, forest tax regimes and incentives for forestry, and on how to incorporate forest externalities into forestry policies and national forest programmes, and generate investment in sustainable forest management. Manuals and training workshops on the use of economic tools in forest management decisions are also planned during the biennium.
243P4 – Participatory Forestry571. Objective: to support both sustainable forest management and sustainable livelihoods, especially of the most vulnerable, through an enabling environment for participatory management of trees, forests, and other natural resources and increased capacity by the different actors, especially those most dependent on forest resources.
572. Approach: major activities will be the assessment and design of supportive policy frameworks, processes, and institutions; and the preparation and dissemination of materials on participatory approaches and programmes (including linkage between conservation and development, and pathways for effective decentralisation). This will be complemented by methodologies and guidelines for improving natural resource management and ensuring sustainable livelihoods, and effective tools for improving gender participation in forest decision making processes.
Impact of ZRG Resource LevelsThe most critically affected entity would be project 243A3, Strengthening of Institutional Capacities at Country Level, as ZRG would detract from the implementation of the National Forest Programme Facility (also impacting on services provided under 243P1, Formulation of National Forest Programmes). Progress on the Latin American and Caribbean Forest Outlook Study would be slowed by reduced funding for project 243A1, Forestry Sector Outlook Studies.
Extra-budgetary Resources
573. International forest policy dialogue over the past decade has resulted in increasing demands on FAO to support national forestry policies and institutions, and to assist member countries in implementing
188 Chapter 2: Technical and Economic Programmes
proposals for action from the Intergovernmental Panel on Forests (IPF) and the Intergovernmental Forum on Forests (IFF). As recalled above, the centrepiece of collaborative effort between FAO and external partners, is the National Forest Programme Facility. Extra-budgetary resources will continue to support increased participation of all sectors of society in forest decision developments; facilitate processes to achieve consensus and resolve conflicts; and enhance the contributions of forests to sustainable rural livelihoods and the reduction of poverty. Extra-budgetary support is also critical to carry out regional forest sector outlook studies in Africa, Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean.
2002-03 Estimates by Funding Source, Unit and Region (US$ 000)
Funding Source Organizational Unit Region
Fund Total Unit Programme
Trust Total Region Total
of Work FundProgramme of Work AFIP 260 0 260 Global 989Regular Programme 8,060 FAOR 43 2,977 3,020 Inter Regional 9,880World Bank Other 14 FO 6,148 24,453 30,601 Africa 5,532Secondments to Trust Funds
95 LOGE 362 0 362 Asia and Pacific
5,559
Secondments to STS 2 RO 1,116 1,267 2,383 Near East 1,058Other External Secondments
5 SO 247 0 247 Europe 698
Programme of Work 8,176 Latin America 13,157Trust Fund ActivitiesTrust Funds 28,697Trust Fund Activities 28,697Programme 2.4.3 Total 36,873 8,176 28,69
736,873 36,873
Programme 2.4.4: Forest Programmes Coordinationand Information
(All amounts in US$ 000)Programme Entity 2000-01
Programme of Work
RG Program
me Change
RG 2002-03
Programme of Work
ZRG Program
me Change
ZRG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
2.4.4.A1 Follow-up to UNCED and International Forestry Processes
1,335 (761) 574 0 574
2.4.4.P1 Forestry Information 1,494 749 2,243 (227) 2,0162.4.4.S1 Support to Statutory Bodies and
Liaison with the Regional Offices996 769 1,765 (11) 1,754
244A1 – Follow-up to UNCED and International Forestry Processes574. Objective: to provide coordinated inputs and support to international processes and initiatives affecting the forestry sector.
575. Approach: analytical studies of key issues and other background documents will be required to support the United Nations Forum on Forests (UNFF). This work will be coupled with technical and policy-related studies in the context of the Work Plan of the Collaborative Partnership on Forests (CPF), chaired by FAO, with lead agency responsibility for agreed subject matter areas. At more local level, this TP will provide assistance to member countries in monitoring and reporting on the implementation of Intergovernmental Panel on Forests (IPF) and Intergovernmental Forum on Forests (IFF) proposals for action, which will contribute to the development of an effective international monitoring and reporting mechanism. The TP will also ensure: coordinated forestry inputs to international conventions, including those on biodiversity, desertification, and climate change; and periodic reports to the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) on the implementation of two chapters of Agenda 21 for which FAO is the task manager – Chapter 11 (Combating Deforestation) and Chapter 13 (Sustainable Mountain Development).
244P1 – Forestry Information576. Objective: to disseminate forestry-related data, information and knowledge to a wide range of users.
577. Approach: two important ongoing activities are the Forestry Information System (FORIS), with Internet-based tools to facilitate distributed "ownership" and remote entry of data by countries and partner organizations; and updating of the Forestry section of FAO's website, including balanced use of FAO languages. This CP also covers advisory services to, and institution-building in, countries for the management of forest-related data, information and knowledge, particularly through technical backstopping of the International Union of Forestry Research Organizations (IUFRO)/European Commission project "Mobilizing scientific information on forests to promote their sustainable management in ACP countries". Eight issues of Unasylva are included, as well as other more specifically targeted information materials.
244S1 – Support to Statutory Bodies and Liaison with the Regional Offices
578. The following sessions of FAO Statutory Bodies in forestry are to be organised: Sixteenth session of the Committee on Forestry (COFO); six Regional Forestry Commissions; the Advisory Committee on Paper and Wood Products; the International Poplar Commission; Silva Mediterranea; the Working Group of the African Forestry and Wildlife Commission; and the Panel of Experts on Forest Genetic Resources.
190 Chapter 2: Technical and Economic Programmes
579. In addition, this entity will coordinate the implementation of forestry programmes across Headquarters and Regional and Sub-regional Offices, support FAO staff seconded to other organizations and, in collaboration with the Government of Canada, provide secretariat services to the XII World Forestry Congress to be held in Québec City, 21–28 September 2003.
Impact of ZRG Resource LevelsThe lower allocation under entity 244P1, Forestry Information, would constrain the increased language coverage for key technical publications and in the forestry pages of FAO's website.
Extra-budgetary Resources
580. As FAO will play a leading role in support to international forest processes, including the United Nations Forum on Forests (UNFF) and the Collaborative Partnership on Forests, extra-budgetary support is expected to enhance FAO's contributions, including the development and implementation of effective approaches for monitoring, assessing and reporting on progress toward sustainable forest management, implementation of the IPF and IFF proposals for action, and implementation of the UNFF Plan of Action.
2002-03 Estimates by Funding Source, Unit and Region (US$ 000)
Funding Source Organizational Unit Region
Fund Total Unit Programme
Trust Total Region Total
of Work FundProgramme of Work AFIP 150 0 150 Global 1,489Regular Programme 4,573 FO 3,644 621 4,265 Inter Regional 352Secondments to Trust Funds
9 LOGE 133 0 133 Africa 648
Programme of Work 4,582 RO 608 0 608 Asia and Pacific
1,140
Trust Fund Activities SO 47 0 47 Near East 437Trust Funds 621 Europe 502Trust Fund Activities 621 Latin America 635Programme 2.4.4 Total 5,203 4,582 621 5,203 5,203
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 191
Programme 2.4.9: Programme Management(All amounts in US$ 000)
Programme Entity 2000-01 Program
me of Work
RG Program
me Change
RG 2002-03
Programme of Work
ZRG Program
me Change
ZRG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
2.4.9.S1 Departmental Direction 2,592 (251) 2,341 0 2,3412.4.9.S2 Divisional Direction 1,437 3 1,440 0 1,4402.4.9.S3 Regional and Sub-regional
581. This programme covers the immediate Office of Assistant Director-General (FOD), including the Programme Coordination Unit (FODP), the offices of division directors and those parts of the Regional Office direction attributable to forestry activities.
Major Programme 2.5: Contributions to Sustainable
Development and Special Programme Thrusts(All amounts in US$ 000)
Programme 2000-01 Program
me of Work
RG Program
me Change
RG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
ZRG Program
me Change
ZRG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
Trust Fund
2.5.1
Research, Natural Resources Management and Technology Transfer
20,642 945 21,587 (985) 20,602 13,738
2.5.2
Gender and Population 6,479 (162) 6,317 (793) 5,524 7,117
2.5.3
Rural Development 8,208 530 8,738 (515) 8,223 12,594
2.5.6
Food Production in Support of Food Security in LIFDCs
10,270 591 10,861 (574) 10,287 24,515
2.5.9
Programme Management 6,976 241 7,217 0 7,217 0
Total 52,575
2,145 54,720
(2,867)
51,853
57,964
Cost Increases 364 275Total - recosted 55,08
452,12
8
192 Chapter 2: Technical and Economic Programmes
Distribution of Resources by Strategic ObjectivesMajor Programme 2.5 A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 E1 E2 E3
2.5.1 Research, Natural Resources Management and Technology Transfer
2.5.2 Gender and Population 2.5.3 Rural Development 2.5.6 Food Production in Support of Food
Security in LIFDCs
Legend
Greater than zero, less than US$ 1 million
US$ 1 million to 2million
US$ 2 million to 4million
More than US$ 4million
Main Substantive Thrusts and Priorities
582. This major programme is characterised by intensive relationships, both outside and inside FAO. It spearheads, in the first instance, follow-up to the UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) and associated conventions on natural resource management and conservation, as well as to recommendations by other major international summits and conferences, including the Fourth World Conference on Women, the World Summit for Social Development and the International Conference on Population and Development. It is instrumental in promoting gender mainstreaming throughout FAO's substantive work, for which the Gender and Development Plan of Action is the main instrument, and in leading institution-wide efforts to analyse and address the impact of the HIV/AIDS pandemic on agriculture, food security and rural development. It also ensures policy inputs to the work of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). As host to the provision for direct support to the Special Programme for Food Security (SPFS) in Low-income, Food-Deficit Countries (LIFDCs), it ensures house-wide coordinated inputs to its implementation.
583. The following priorities will continue to remain highly relevant over the biennium:
a) Ensuring equitable and sustainable livelihoods and food security in rural areas, including access to employment, resources and services, effective functioning of community and civil society organizations;
b) Mainstreaming gender and population issues, including HIV/AIDS, in agricultural, environmental and rural development policies and programmes, legislation and civil institutions;
c) Assisting the transformation of the agriculture sector through support to effective national agricultural research, extension, education and communication systems capable of generating, adapting and disseminating productivity enhancing technologies;
d) Putting to full use the potential of environmental observing systems, information technology, databases and analyses for food security and sustainable development;
e) Ensuring FAO's coordinated response in relation to key issues of international interest, including follow-up to UN conventions,
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 193
conferences and international agreements, work of the Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD), the implementation of UNCED Agenda 21 and the Conventions on Biological Diversity (CBD), Climate Change (FCCC) and Combating Desertification (CCD); and
f) Supporting the continued expansion of the SPFS.
Resources
584. A new technical project 251A5, Global Forum on Agricultural Research (GFAR) Secretariat, has been introduced. It was already reflected in the Medium Term Plan 2002-2007 as the "National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) Secretariat of the GFAR". Policy decisions were taken to merge the two secretariats, NARS and GFAR, into the new GFAR Secretariat. Most of the work of the latter is carried out through trust fund arrangements, thus the small amount shown in the following table below.
585. In terms of major resource movements, the net decline under Programme 2.5.2 is a consequence of the severe reduction of income from the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). In fact, it masks additional resources provided for gender-related activities in the Gender and Population Division (SDW) and a new post to analyse the adverse effects of the HIV/AIDS epidemic on food security and rural development, especially in Africa. It should also be noted that substantial resources formerly under Programme 2.5.2 have been transferred to Programme 2.5.1 (as SDW's contribution to inter-divisional programme entities 251A1 and 251P3). The other two Programmes (2.5.1 and 2.5.3) implemented by the Sustainable Development Department (SD) evidence, on the other hand, net increases, including the impact of new posts on disability matters - another significant social problem affecting rural development in many areas - and on land tenure and rural institutions in the Near East region. Besides the impact of resource transfers between programmes noted above, some realignment of resources across entities has been made within Programmes 2.5.1 and 2.5.3.
586. Finally, the provision for Programme 2.5.6 is also proposed to be increased, primarily for SPFS implementation at country-level, whereas it is also necessary to strengthen the coordination component to cope with the programme's expansion.
587. The Research, Extension and Training Division (SDR) implements this Programme, which assists member countries in key aspects of sustainable agricultural and rural development, including the implementation of environmental and natural resource initiatives, and the strengthening of national agricultural research, extension and education systems. Many programme entities are by essence relevant to several FAO's strategic objectives and also contribute significantly to a number of Priority Areas for Inter-disciplinary Action (PAIAs).
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 195
588. These entities will be implemented through integrated approaches and partnership arrangements involving other FAO technical divisions, with SDR as a lead technical unit.
589. The programme will also continue to provide institutional, technical and logistical support to the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) and to its Technical Advisory Committee (TAC), as well as to the Global Forum on Agricultural Research (GFAR).
590. Availability of extra-budgetary support to entity 251A1 permits to reduce the provision and to shift resources to high-priority work under entity 251A6. Entities 251A4 and 251P3 are fairly complementary. While resources have been shifted from the former to the latter to reflect the effective import of planned activities, total resources for essential information dissemination work are increased.
251A1 - Integrated use of Information for Sustainable Development
591. Objective: to provide countries with data, information, and decision support tools to build national capacity for the integrated analysis of environmental, social and economic, and gender dimensions of development and sustainability issues at global, regional and national levels.
592. Approach: this technical project (TP) covers information systems, guidelines, training materials and protocols for access to, and use of, satellite and ground measurement information. It deals with natural disaster impact assessment and crop monitoring, and manages databases including the Terrestrial Ecosystem Monitoring Sites (TEMS), data on land tenure, and synthesised information on FAO's website dealing with the implementation of environmental conventions. It also supports analytical studies on ecosystem management, organic agriculture, terrestrial carbon observations and agricultural effects on climate and rural energy. In addition to biophysical considerations, this entity will also incorporate gender, demographic, land tenure and other social aspects into data collection and analysis. This will be done inter alia by developing integrated analytical methods and research tools and by constructing appropriate social indicators, both qualitative and quantitative, which will be tested and incorporated in training materials. Activities aiming at improved gender and demographic factors in agricultural statistics will include: technical support to countries on gender issues for national agricultural censuses; training of national agricultural statisticians and policy makers in gender-disaggregated data production and use; re-tabulation of existing agricultural census/survey data to prepare gender-sensitive, spatially-referenced data sets for decision-support tools; and incorporating gender-sensitive information into FAO databases (e.g. related to animal production and health, fisheries, and food security).
196 Chapter 2: Technical and Economic Programmes
251A2 - Youth in Agriculture, Food Security and Sustainable Livelihoods
593. Objective: to assist countries with strengthening and expanding rural youth development programmes, projects and activities which enable young people to become active partners in the achievement of national food security goals, while enhancing the sustainable livelihood of young men and women.
594. Approach: this TP will continue to issue information materials on the situation, needs, interest and aspirations of rural youth, to assist national youth policy development and for use by local teams, government officials, and rural development planners. This will be accompanied by guidelines on building national networks and effective partnerships among governments and non-governmental youth organizations. The global database on networks and rural youth programmes involved in food security and sustainable development will be expanded, in cooperation with regional offices. National seminars on participatory strategic planning for rural youth and food security will be organised in response to requests in different regions. Approaches to incorporate rural youth development concerns and issues into agricultural curricular of academic institutions, initially developed and tested in key countries in Africa, will be expanded to other regions.
251A3 - Partnerships for Improving Application of Biotechnology in Agriculture
595. Objective: to assist countries in ensuring adequate and regionally harmonised biosafety regulations for genetically modified organisms (GMOs), and provide them with a knowledge-base for decision making on the applications of biotechnology products.
596. Approach: assistance will be provided in the development of regulatory frameworks for biosafety of GMOs, including harmonisation in all regions. Development of training tools and capacity building of biosafety regulatory bodies will be undertaken in selected countries of the Latin American region. An electronic forum will contribute to the debate on the social and policy implications of biotechnology applications in food and agriculture. Studies will be continued, or be initiated, on the assessment of needs and the improvement of the application of biotechnology in agriculture. Intra- and inter-regional cooperation on selected issues in biotechnology will be promoted through research and development networks.
251A4 - Integrated Development and Dissemination of Agricultural Knowledge and Technology for Food Security and Sustainable Development
597. Objective: to assist national research, extension, education and communication institutions to develop integrated approaches attuned to the information needs of rural people, particularly for better management of farms, households and communities.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 197
598. Approach: the TP will develop methodologies to assess and improve the effectiveness of linkages between relevant public and private institutions active in research, extension, education and communication. Innovative approaches and best-practice arrangements will be studied in selected countries. Databases on agricultural research and extension institutions will continue to promote partnerships and sharing of information in various regions. Due attention will be given to the extension needs of special groups, such as those living in mountains, deserts, small islands, and those who are physically disabled. The above studies will be used as a basis for assistance to the restructuring of national agricultural research and extension systems, as well as to strengthen national capacities for ensuring effective interactions among research, extension and education institutions in selected countries.
251A5 - Global Forum on Agricultural Research (GFAR) Secretariat
599. Objective: to provide institutional support to all GFAR stakeholders, in particular the National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) of developing countries and their regional and sub-regional fora, in order for them to actively participate in the emergence of a Global Agricultural Research System.
600. Approach: prioritised regional and sub-regional research agendas will be prepared for endorsement by related fora. Other activities will be: design and facilitation of three global research programmes within the four research priority themes identified by the GFAR Steering Committee; operationalisation of the Regional Agricultural Information Systems (RAIS) as key building blocks of the Electronic Global Forum (EGFAR).
251A6 - Support to Environmental Agreements and Promotion of Integrated Environmental Planning and Management
601. Objective: to ensure FAO participation and coordinated inputs to the implementation of environmental agreements and conventions, and to facilitate uptake of technical frameworks by countries and other stakeholders for improved understanding and reporting on environmental issues in relation to food and agriculture.
602. Approach: this TP will support in-house coordination mechanisms for implementation of conventions and UNCED follow-up. It will prepare analytical reports and position papers in relation to the conventions and their advisory bodies and guidelines on the ecosystem management approach at selected national and regional levels, including guidance on the contribution of organic agriculture to conventions and Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development (SARD). Other planned activities include: preparation of the global information system for the UN Convention to Combat Desertification (CCD) and guidelines and capacity building for desertification assessment; materials for national capacity building on implementation of Agenda 21; environmental information network for the implementation of conventions; integrated thematic
198 Chapter 2: Technical and Economic Programmes
environmental databases; national capacity building on reporting, monitoring and training; and the application of environmental indicators.
251P1 - Environmental Geo-information Infrastructure and Services
603. Objective: to provide services to users of geo-referenced data and environmental information, both within and outside FAO, for a wide variety of applications, together with strengthening Members' capacity in environmental information management and analysis.
604. Approach: this continuing programme activity (CP) covers, in particular: environmental databases for food security, early warning and migratory pest and animal disease forecasting; the development of user-oriented and geo-referenced core data sets, including related cartographic and thematic map products and reports; the formulation of norms and guidelines for spatial data handling and methodologies for integrated environmental analysis and natural resources management; further development of the Global Terrestrial Observing System (GTOS); and the pilot development and testing of geo-networking. It will issue dynamic reports on environmental hot and bright spots for monitoring food security, based on an integrated environmental information development and management capability using remote sensing [i.e. African Real-Time Environmental Monitoring Information System (ARTEMIS), Agrometeorology Group (AGROMET) and Geographical Information System (GIS)].
251P3 - Information and Communication Technologies in Support of Agricultural Research, Extension and Education Systems
605. Objective: to test and apply innovative and sustainable applications of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in support of research, extension and education (REE) systems, and to harness ICT for accelerated advancement of rural populations, particularly women and girls.
606. Approach: the CP will develop adapted versions of the Virtual Extension Research Communication Networks (VERCON) prototype for selected countries, and improved versions of multi-media farm information networks (FARM-Net) in selected countries. It will assist countries particularly in Eastern Europe, Africa and the Near East regions in fulfilling their needs for information and communication technologies for research, extension and education systems in agriculture. It will also develop training materials, databases and software for ICT applications. Studies on impact assessment of ICT applications will be undertaken in all regions. In Asia, they will identify national and regional strategies to achieve gender equitable allocation of ICT and distance learning resources to serve women in agriculture and rural communities. In Latin America, the emphasis will be on information needs of seasonal workers, particularly women, in relation to agricultural contaminants.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 199
251P4 - Secretariat of the Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) of the CGIAR
607. Objective: to enable TAC to fulfil its function of providing independent scientific advice to the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) system, in accordance with CGIAR reform and transformation processes.
608. Approach: subject to results of ongoing reform discussions, this CP will continue to formulate recommendations on CGIAR priorities, strategies and resource allocation, including the annual review of the CGIAR centres' research agendas and financing plans. It will carry out: strategic studies in relation to important topics including assessment of the impact of CGIAR research; five to six external programmes and management reviews of individual CGIAR centres and one system-wide review. It will also organise at least four meetings of TAC and its standing committees and panel, as well as further dissemination of information and documentation.
251S1 - Technical Support Services to Member Nations, the Field Programme, and Other Related Activities
609. This entity covers direct advice to Members and technical backstopping in a wide range of technical disciplines, such as research, extension, education, communication for development, environment, natural geo-information infrastructure and services.
Impact of ZRG Resource LevelsThe lower provision under entity 251A6, Support to Environmental Agreements and Promotion of Integrated Environmental Planning and Management, would seriously jeopardise support to networks and capability in the use of geo-referenced information in support of key international environmental conventions (CBD, CCD and FCCC), and affect capacity building in member countries to implement Agenda 21. It would also have a negative impact on implementation of recommendations of the Technical Committees of the Council calling for increased flows of information related to food security, including training, methodology, and guidelines as well as synergy development. The same would apply to entity 251P3, Information and Communication Technologies in support of Agricultural Research, Extension and Education Systems, in terms of facilitation of access to new information and communication technologies by rural communities at levels originally envisaged. It would also be necessary to reduce by half FAO's contribution to the Global Forum on Agricultural Research (GFAR) Secretariat (251A5).
200 Chapter 2: Technical and Economic Programmes
Extra-budgetary Resources
610. Extra-budgetary funding in the area of natural resources information systems is expected to support mostly operational work at country level, although some projects also have normative components in the sense that methods and standards are developed which are of wider applicability. Specific donors are also interested in supporting normative work related to education, information and communication, and promotion of inter-regional cooperation for capacity building in biosafety and biotechnology.
2002-03 Estimates by Funding Source, Unit and Region (US$ 000)
Funding Source Organizational Unit Region
Fund Total Unit Programme
Trust Total Region Total
of Work FundProgramme of Work AFIP 682 0 682 Global 10,749Regular Programme 17,900 FAOR 16 8,474 8,490 Inter Regional 2,107Other External Secondments
11 LOWA 157 0 157 Africa 8,368
Secondments to Trust Funds
676 RO 2,803 2,252 5,055 Asia and Pacific
4,776
TAC 3,000 SDA 227 0 227 Near East 4,902Programme of Work 21,587 SDD 248 0 248 Europe 2,460Trust Fund Activities SDR 16,134 2,980 19,114 Latin America 1,964Trust Funds 13,738 SDW 631 0 631Trust Fund Activities 13,738 SO 689 0 689
TCO 0 32 32Programme 2.5.1 Total 35,325 21,587 13,73
835,325 35,326
Programme 2.5.2: Gender and Population(All amounts in US$ 000)
Programme Entity 2000-01 Program
me of Work
RG Program
me Change
RG 2002-03
Programme of Work
ZRG Program
me Change
ZRG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
2.5.2.A2 Inter-relations between Gender, Population and Food Security
1,591 (199) 1,392 (420) 972
2.5.2.A3 Gender and Natural Resources Management
989 9 998 (3) 995
2.5.2.P1 Promotion of Gender and Population in Policies, Legislation and Civil Institutions
2,757 21 2,778 (351) 2,427
2.5.2.S1 Technical Support to Member Nations and the Field Programme
611. The programme is composed of four programme entities - two technical projects (TPs), one continuing programme activity (CP), and one technical services agreement (TS) – while, as recalled above, to support the inter-disciplinary nature of the work, considerable resources are also allocated by SDW to Programme 2.5.1, Research, Natural Resources Management and Technology Transfer, (251A1 and 251P3).
612. The programme focuses on policy advice, technical assistance and training to countries and civil society partners to support the mainstreaming of gender and population issues in agricultural, environmental and rural development policies, programmes and projects, as well as in agricultural censuses and surveys, and in relevant legislation. It will need to address several emerging issues, such as: the impact on agricultural productivity and food security of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, and of progressive rural ageing; and the gender-differentiated impact of globalisation, i.e. in the context of commercialisation of agriculture and liberalisation of agricultural trade, and in terms of access to new technology, in particular new information and communication technologies (ICT). This programme also covers the function of corporate focal point, regarding the Priority Area for Interdisciplinary Action (PAIA) on gender mainstreaming, for which the FAO Gender and Development Plan of Action (2002-2007) will be the main instrument of implementation.
252A2 – Inter-relations between Gender, Population and Food Security
613. Objective: to improve national capacity at all levels of government and civil society to address the policy implications of the linkages between food security, gender and population issues (such as HIV/AIDS, population ageing, and migration) and the environment.
614. Approach: the TP will produce technical papers, training materials, guidelines and policy notes on pertinent issues of the inter-linkages between food security, gender, and population dynamics, with special emphasis on spatial distribution, changing age structure, gender and health aspects (HIV/AIDS) of food security and rural development. Technical papers will also be prepared in response to topics determined by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) under the technical support services (TSS) system. Support will be given to a network on socio-cultural research on population and a number of training activities.
252A3 – Gender and Natural Resources Management615. Objective: to promote enhanced understanding of the linkages between socio-economic and cultural factors such as gender, the environment and sustainable use of natural resources, and their application in policies and programmes at all levels.
616. Approach: the TP will provide advice on gender/people-sensitive management of natural resources across sectors, especially plant and animal genetic resources management, and will issue publications and
202 Chapter 2: Technical and Economic Programmes
media products on plant and animal genetic resources, enhanced research capacity building and related training of development workers. A network on gender, environmental conservation, biodiversity, and indigenous knowledge systems will be established, and an inter-regional meeting convened to exchange experiences on approaches and strategies. Inventories of key actors in gender and natural resources conservation will be carried out in one country each in Africa, Asia and Latin America, in cooperation with Regional Offices. Case studies will document gender dimensions in biodiversity management as they impact on household food security, leading to advice to countries on the gender dimensions of biodiversity management and legislative action on farmers' rights. This TP will continue the development and dissemination of the Socioeconomic and Gender Analysis Programme (SEAGA)-based guidelines on gender-sensitive and participatory management of plant genetic resources. It will also develop course curricula guidelines on gender-sensitive indicators and case studies on participatory/qualitative methodologies.
252P1 – Promotion of Gender and Population in Policies, Legislation and Civil Institutions
617. Objective: to facilitate decision making in governments, the private sector and civil society, to remove any discrimination by gender, age and/or socio-cultural characteristics, and to build national capacities in the use of population, socio-economic and gender analysis methodologies for policy and programme planning.
618. Approach: this CP reflects the dual mandate of Programme 2.5.2, as corporate focal point for gender mainstreaming within FAO and as a source of policy advice and technical assistance, including building national capacity for socio-economic and gender analysis in agriculture and rural development. Hence, this CP will coordinate follow-up to the implementation of the FAO Gender and Development Plan of Action (2002-2007); the Beijing Platform for Action, and the Cairo Programme of Action; including reporting to FAO and UN bodies. It will also foster gender mainstreaming in FAO programmes, both through actions called for in the Plan of Action, and through the development of sector and sub-sector specific guidelines and methodologies. Assistance will be provided to countries in integrating gender into national policies and programmes, and increasing awareness of policy-makers of the respective roles, responsibilities, tasks, constraints and opportunities of women and men in agriculture and rural development. Advice will also be provided on the inclusion of gender both in relevant national educational curricula and gender databases, particularly for household division of labour. Guidelines on impact assessment will be disseminated. Training-of-trainers on the use of SEAGA methodologies and tools will be carried out, in cooperation with decentralized offices, at regional and national-level, as well as seminars and expert consultations on key gender issues. The CP will also ensure close collaboration with other UN organizations active on gender issues.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 203
252S1 – Technical Support to Member Nations and the Field Programme
619. This entity covers direct advice to Members and support to gender mainstreaming in the field programme, including the SPFS.
Impact of ZRG Resource LevelsIt would be necessary to forego the establishment of a new post dealing with the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic on food security, and associated planned activities on this important issue covered under programme entity 252A2. Lower available resources under entity 252P1 would negatively affect planned SEAGA training activities, and detract from planned support to the implementation of the Gender and Development Plan of Action, once the Plan is approved by the Conference.
Extra-budgetary Resources
620. Extra-budgetary resources are expected (in part in support of normative work) in the following areas: continued expansion and dissemination of SEAGA materials (252P1); collection and use of gender disaggregated data for policy and programme planning; furtherance of gender-responsive biodiversity preservation and natural resources management policies (252A3); and mitigation of the negative impact of HIV/AIDS on agriculture and food security (252A2). Should the expected level of additional extra-budgetary funding fail to materialise, it would reduce, probably by more than half, work that could be accomplished, particularly field testing and validation. Unavailability of extra-budgetary support for planned work on HIV/AIDS would greatly diminish effective impact in follow-up to the recommendations of the Committee on Agriculture (COAG), the Committee on World Food Security (CFS) and the Council regarding this new threat to food security.
204 Chapter 2: Technical and Economic Programmes
2002-03 Estimates by Funding Source, Unit and Region (US$ 000)
Funding Source Organizational Unit Region
Fund Total Unit Programme
Trust Total Region Total
of Work FundProgramme of Work AFIP 182 0 182 Global 7,491Regular Programme 5,854 FAOR 16 60 76 Inter Regional 449Secondments to Trust Funds
103 RO 1,585 1,124 2,709 Africa 1,455
UNFPA 360 SDW 4,534 5,933 10,467 Asia and Pacific
869
Programme of Work 6,317 Near East 777Trust Fund Activities Europe 571Trust Funds 7,117 Latin America 1,821Trust Fund Activities 7,117Programme 2.5.2 Total 13,434 6,317 7,117 13,434 13,433
Programme 2.5.3: Rural Development(All amounts in US$ 000)
Programme Entity 2000-01 Program
me of Work
RG Program
me Change
RG 2002-03
Programme of Work
ZRG Program
me Change
ZRG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
2.5.3.A1 Access 21: Land Tenure Institution Building for Food Security and Sustainable Rural Development
1,928 (260) 1,668 (44) 1,624
2.5.3.A2 Improved Rural Institutions and Services to Promote Sustainable Rural Livelihoods
2,594 (644) 1,950 (246) 1,704
2.5.3.A4 Participatory Approaches and Methods to Support Sustainable Livelihoods and Food Security
845 301 1,146 0 1,146
2.5.3.P1 Management and Support to the ACC Network on Rural Development and Food Security
682 297 979 (165) 814
2.5.3.S1 Technical Support Services on Participatory Approaches, Institutional Development and Access to Land Resources
621. Programme 2.5.3 actively fosters people's participation and supports food security objectives. It is structured into three technical projects (TPs), one continuing programme activity (CP) and one technical services agreement (TS). These entities and their major outputs are directed principally at corporate strategy A - Contributing to the eradication of food insecurity and rural poverty, as well as at the PAIA on Local Institution Building to Improve Capacity for Achieving Sustainable Rural Livelihoods (LHOO). The programme also supports the Secretariat
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 205
for the Administrative Committee on Coordination (ACC) Network on Rural Development and Food Security and its national Thematic Groups. Hence, it provides tools and disseminates best practices for Members to develop policies covering inter-related components of land tenure dynamics, regularisation and administration, land markets and reform processes. It is also concerned with strengthening decentralised capacities of public, private sector and civil society institutions, with particular emphasis on reaching disadvantaged rural groups (e.g. small farmers, agro-pastoralists, the landless and disabled).
253A1 - Access 21: Land Tenure Institution Building for Food Security and Sustainable Rural Development
622. Objective: to assist Members with effective policies, programmes, best practices and tools for land tenure to facilitate access to land, ensure user rights and improve land markets.
623. Approach: guidelines will be issued regarding: government-assisted agrarian reform policies ensuring an adequate gender perspective; land consolidation and development policies and procedures; and education and training activities required for improved land tenure policies and land administration capacities and responsibilities. The TP will also generate training materials for participatory diagnostics of common property resources in Lusophone countries, as well as technical documents on key aspects of land tenure. It will ensure inputs to FAO task manager role for Chapter 14 of Agenda 21, including support for land tenure related comparative analysis of trends and experiences in selected regions and countries, and for policy and technical documents.
253A2 - Improved Rural Institutions and Services to Promote Sustainable Rural Livelihoods
624. Objective: to build the capacities of rural public institutions, private sector, and civil society organizations at all levels to design and implement poverty alleviation and food security programmes, focused on small farmers, the rural poor and other marginalised groups.
625. Approach: this TP will produce technical papers and guidelines on restructuring and decentralisation of agricultural services in major farming systems, with emphasis on privatisation, as well as information and training materials on strengthening local stakeholders in institutional reform and decentralisation processes. It will support capacity building of formal and informal farmers associations, cooperatives and inter-group structures and study institutional changes in support of rural poverty alleviation.
253A4 - Participatory Approaches and Methods to Support Sustainable Livelihoods and Food Security
626. Objective: to promote adoption and use in countries of improved participatory methods and tools in the formulation of policies and
206 Chapter 2: Technical and Economic Programmes
programmes for the equitable sharing of economic growth and development benefits.
627. Approach: the TP will prepare and disseminate field-oriented materials on participatory approaches and methods to promote sustainable rural livelihoods and case-specific guidelines to strengthen local institutional capacities for disaster preparedness, prevention and long-term sustainable development in high-risk areas. It will develop indicators and methodologies to assess the degree and quality of participation in rural development and food security projects and programmes, in addition to ensuring electronic dissemination of best practices in participatory approaches, and organising a global e-mail conference.
253P1 - Management and Support to the ACC Network on Rural Development and Food Security
628. Objective: to catalyse governments' efforts for the implementation of the World Food Summit Plan of Action and to foster collaboration among participating organizations in support of national efforts.
629. Approach: this CP will seek to consolidate existing (and establish new, especially in Eastern Europe and Central Asian Member Countries) Thematic Groups and formulate guidelines for mobilising financial support for coordinated action and projects. It will carry out an assessment of results and impact of Thematic Groups in the Horn of Africa region. Dissemination and exchange of information and knowledge will take place through the Network's website and electronic conferences on food security and rural development issues and best practices.
253S1 - Technical Support Services on Participatory Approaches, Institutional Development and Access to Land Resources
630. This entity provides direct advice and technical support to Members and the field programme, including the SPFS and emergency activities, with particular emphasis on: land tenure and land administration; registration and cadastre systems; land taxation, land transfer and mortgages and land markets; institutional reforms and decentralisation; capacity building of stakeholders; and participatory approaches.
Impact of ZRG Resource LevelsUnder project 253A2, Improved Rural Institutions and Services to promote Sustainable Rural Livelihoods, it would be necessary to reduce a number of planned case studies and inter-regional consultations, as well as training activities on institutional reforms, including the new roles of farmers and community organizations. Preparation of substantive, state-of-the-art reports and inputs to Chapter 14 of Agenda 21 and the Committee on Agriculture (COAG) on SARD would be compromised, as would participation in important meetings associated with Agenda 21 - task manager functions. Similarly, under entity 253P1, Management and
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 207
Support to the ACC Network on Rural Development and Food Security, several activities would be negatively affected, including prototype network systems for the national thematic groups affiliated to the broad-based ACC network; seminars for capacity building of these thematic groups and advisory missions particularly in the Horn of Africa region.
Extra budgetary Resources
631. The Rural Development Division (SDA) will proactively seek extra-budgetary resources through a variety of cost-sharing and partnership arrangements.
2002-03 Estimates by Funding Source, Unit and Region (US$ 000)
Funding Source Organizational Unit Region
Fund Total Unit Programme
Trust Total Region Total
of Work FundProgramme of Work AFIP 282 0 282 Global 1,080Regular Programme 8,585 FAOR 14 9,141 9,155 Inter Regional 4,782Secondments to Trust Funds
74 RO 1,587 117 1,704 Africa 3,223
Secondments to STS 76 SDA 6,176 3,306 9,482 Asia and Pacific
2,152
Other External Secondments
3 SO 679 30 709 Near East 1,546
Programme of Work 8,738 Europe 1,072Trust Fund Activities Latin America 7,478Trust Funds 12,594Trust Fund Activities 12,594Programme 2.5.3 Total 21,332 8,738 12,59
421,332 21,333
Programme 2.5.6: Food Production in Supportof Food Security in LIFDCs
632. The Special Programme for Food Security (SPFS) will continue to support Low-income, Food-deficit Countries (LIFDCs) in their efforts to improve food security, both at household and national levels, through
208 Chapter 2: Technical and Economic Programmes
rapid increases in food production and productivity on an economically- and environmentally-sustainable basis, by reducing year-to year variability in agricultural production, and improving people's access to food. A particular feature of the programme is South-South Cooperation (SSC). Based on solidarity and collaboration among developing countries, this initiative enables advanced developing countries to send field technicians and experts to specific recipient countries for a period of two to three years during which they work directly with rural communities. As of July 2001, 21 SSC agreements had been signed. Approximately US$ 1.5 million of the resources under the programme are reimbursed to FAO units providing technical support services for SPFS and a further US$ 300,000 are charged to the programme for administrative and operational support services.
633. Programme 2.5.6 covers the Regular Budget's contribution to the SPFS, which is supplemented by extra-budgetary support.
256P1 – Coordination and Monitoring634. Objective: to ensure coordinated support to the successful implementation of the SPFS.
635. Approach: this CP ensures coordination of contributions from other units to the SPFS, the identification of resource requirements; and support to oversight structures. It also supports formulation missions and the internal process of appraisal and approval of project documents and agreements. As part of overall monitoring and reporting, it disseminates SPFS-related information, guidelines and technical documents, as required. It will also coordinate such action as may arise out of the evaluation of the SPFS currently under way.
256P2 – SPFS Formulation636. Objective: to contribute to the orderly extension/expansion of the SPFS for the benefit of concerned countries.
637. Approach: this CP covers the formulation of national SPFS programmes as relates to the extension of Phase I and Phase II (in collaboration with TCI and other technical divisions) and South-South Cooperation agreements within the framework of the SPFS.
256P3 – SPFS Implementation638. Objective: to provide essential financial support to the SPFS, thereby catalysing donors' interest.
639. Approach: the provision finances part of national SPFS programmes and projects at Phase I, Extension of Phase I and Phase II levels, and supports the implementation of South-South Cooperation agreements. It is worth noting that as additional resources have become available, leveraged by this Regular Budget provision, the SPFS has pursued its drive to expand coverage to all LIFDCs. By July 2001, the
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 209
SPFS was in operation in 64 countries, including 38 countries in Africa, 14 in Asia, 8 in Latin America, 2 in Europe and 2 in Oceania. Despite these efforts, it is clear that financial resources constitute the main limiting factor for further developing SPFS activities.
Impact of ZRG Resource LevelsThe elimination of the net increase under 256P3, SPFS Implementation, would be to the detriment of the further expansion of the Special Programme, by reducing the number of beneficiary countries.
Extra-budgetary Resources
640. As recalled above, the SPFS is receiving increased financial support from bilateral donors and multilateral financial institutions. Also, a number of developing countries participating in the programme are financing their own projects within the framework of the SPFS through unilateral trust fund arrangements with FAO.
2002-03 Estimates by Funding Source, Unit and Region (US$ 000)
Funding Source Organizational Unit Region
Fund Total Unit Programme
Trust Total Region Total
of Work FundProgramme of Work AFIP 110 0 110 Global 2,531Regular Programme 10,861 FAOR 0 22,588 22,588 Inter Regional 0
PBEC 300 0 300 Africa 18,902Programme of Work 10,861 RO 0 1,787 1,787 Asia and
Pacific4,105
Trust Fund Activities TCO 10,451 140 10,591 Near East 1,338Trust Funds 24,515 Europe 477Trust Fund Activities 24,515 Latin America 8,023Programme 2.5.6 Total 35,376 10,861 24,51
535,376 35,376
Programme 2.5.9: Programme Management(All amounts in US$ 000)
Programme Entity 2000-01 Program
me of Work
RG Program
me Change
RG 2002-03
Programme of Work
ZRG Program
me Change
ZRG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
2.5.9.S1 Departmental Direction 3,667 19 3,686 0 3,6862.5.9.S2 Divisional Direction 1,746 96 1,842 0 1,8422.5.9.S3 Regional and Sub-regional
641. This programme covers the immediate Office of Assistant Director-General (SDD), including the Programme Coordination Unit (SDDP), the offices of division directors and those parts of Regional Office direction attributable to sustainable development programmes.
642. This chapter covers a wide range of activities, involving collaboration with a number of essential partners – funding sources for technical cooperation, international financial institutions, civil society organizations (CSOs), and the private sector. It relates to several organizational units at Headquarters, as well as field offices, in direct support to Members' development efforts. It includes policy advice and support to field programme development; project formulation, with particular emphasis on projects with investment potential; and operational services for the execution or implementation of country programmes. The budgetary provision for FAO country offices and other activities in support of external cooperation and resource mobilisation are also included.
643. Chapter 3 is heavily dependent on external income, besides the Regular Budget appropriation, particularly under Major Programme 3.2, Support to Investment (contributions from partner financial institutions), and Major Programme 3.3, Field Operations (AOS18 reimbursement income). Therefore, budget estimates for the Programme of Work need to reflect the expected evolution of these external resources in the next biennium.
18 Administrative and operational support services
212 Chapter 3: Cooperation and Partnerships
Resources
644. As evidenced in the preceding table and in the more detailed tables which follow, there are many instances of substantial net resource changes under the relevant programme headings, in part reflecting the required adjustments to match expenditure plans to the prospects for external income mentioned above.
645. Equally importantly, the indicated provisions take account of the impact of two major restructuring initiatives in the current (2000-2001) biennium: on the one hand, the partial reorganisation of the Technical Cooperation Department (TC) at Headquarters affecting particularly the Field Operations Division (TCO) and the several units placed in the Office of Assistant Director-General; and on the other hand, the transfer to FAO country offices of a significant share of operational responsibilities for the implementation of field projects, coupled with concomitant reorganisation of the units dealing with operational and administrative matters in Regional Offices. A substantial portion of the savings generated by these initiatives can be ploughed back to needed strengthening of several areas, e.g. policy advisory services under Major Programme 3.1; a more advanced Field Programme Management Information System (FPMIS) under Major Programme 3.3; FAO Representations under Major Programme 3.4; and World Food Day Special Events/TeleFood supportive structures under Major Programme 3.5, thereby limiting the overall net change for the chapter – which is even more apparent, if the special case of Programme 3.3.3, Emergency Response Operations, is discounted. Further explanations on resource changes are provided under the respective major programmes.
Major Programme 3.1: Policy Assistance(All amounts in US$ 000)
Programme 2000-01 Program
me of Work
RG Program
me Change
RG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
ZRG Program
me Change
ZRG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
Trust Fund
3.1.1
Coordination of Policy Assistance and Field Programme Development
5,123 92 5,215 (118) 5,097 1,187
3.1.2
Policy Assistance to Various Regions
15,061 698 15,759 (630) 15,129 6,967
3.1.3
Legal Assistance to Member Nations
3,087 112 3,199 (100) 3,099 1,033
3.1.9
Programme Management 3,771 293 4,064 0 4,064 0
Total 27,042
1,195 28,237
(848) 27,389
9,187
Cost Increases 696 674Total - recosted 28,93
328,06
3
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 213
Substantive Programmes – Distribution of Resources by Strategic ObjectivesMajor Programme 3.1 A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 E1 E2 E3
3.1.1 Coordination of Policy Assistance and Field Programme Development
3.1.2 Policy Assistance to Various Regions
3.1.3 Legal Assistance to Member Nations
Legend
Greater than zero, less than US$ 1 million
US$ 1 million to 2million
US$ 2 million to 4million
More than US$ 4million
Main Substantive Thrusts and Priorities
646. This major programme is central to: the development of the field programme; the provision of sound policy advice to member countries; and capacity building in the formulation and implementation of policies, strategies and programmes aimed at sustainable agricultural and rural development and food security. It, therefore, embodies the policy assistance - including both advice and capacity building - offered by FAO to its Members, building on strong normative underpinning in areas falling under the Organization's mandate, as recommended by the recent evaluation of FAO's policy assistance. The major programme aims at strengthening the interface between the normative work of technical departments at Headquarters and policy advocacy and assistance provided to countries, particularly through an enhanced field programme. It will sharpen its focus in the light of selected global and cross-cutting and region-sensitive priority areas to be identified by the Policy Task Force, whose establishment was recommended by the above evaluation. Close links between country focussed policy advice and field programme development will be promoted in the work of the policy assistance branches and units at Regional and Sub-regional Offices. Programme 3.1.2 covers the work of the latter units, while Programme 3.1.1 covers the activities at Headquarters.
647. Main priorities include:a) supporting and coordinating of field programme development activities;b) fostering inter-departmental coordination in policy assistance;c) developing policy guidelines and conducting supportive thematic
analysis while ensuring their normative underpinning;d) setting-up a corporate, web-based, country information system as an
internal information and management tool;e) strengthening country focus;f) providing advisory and capacity building support to Members in relation
to specific policy issues impinging on food security and sustainable agricultural development, including the preparation and implementation of national "poverty reduction strategies"; and to forthcoming multilateral trade negotiations (MTN);
g) assisting countries and regional and sub-regional groupings in the implementation of the World Food Summit Plan of Action; and
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h) supporting the constraints analysis component and the Expansion Phase of the Special Programme for Food Security (SPFS), and the formulation of national agricultural rehabilitation programmes.
648. Programme 3.1.3, Legal Assistance to Member Nations, is designed to improve the legal and institutional framework for agricultural development and natural resources management in Member Nations. It is based on the premise that effective legal regimes must be designed to match the situation of each country, while FAO can bring important lessons of comparative experience to bear on these unique situations. The programme makes these lessons available through three principal means: technical advice, information, and contributions to inter-departmental normative work. The growing importance of the latter is reflected in a new programme entity entitled Support to the Development of a Regulatory Framework for Food and Agriculture (313A1).
Resources
649. Most of the net increase in resources under this major programme, is to strengthen activities of the decentralized policy assistance branches and units, particularly as regards project identification and formulation and resource mobilisation, and for ensuring a stronger interface with the work of technical departments and divisions in key priority areas. It may be noted that two new technical projects have been introduced, with relatively small initial provisions, but with potential for future expansion, i.e. 311A1, Development of On-line Training Capacity in Food, Agriculture and Rural Development Policy and Planning (replacing a former technical services agreement entity, with attendant resources); and as stressed above, 313A1, Support to the Development of a Regulatory Framework for Food and Agriculture. The latter entity is to give particular emphasis to fisheries and aquaculture, biological diversity and biosecurity, among other subjects.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 215
Programme 3.1.1: Coordination of Policy Assistanceand Field Programme Development
(All amounts in US$ 000)Programme Entity 2000-01
Programme of Work
RG Program
me Change
RG 2002-03
Programme of Work
ZRG Program
me Change
ZRG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
3.1.1.A1 Development of On-line Training Capacity in Food, Agriculture and Rural Development Policy and Planning
345 15 360 0 360
3.1.1.P1 Coordination of Policy Assistance 1,134 235 1,369 0 1,3693.1.1.P2 Coordination of Field Programme
Development Activities1,173 (308) 865 0 865
3.1.1.P3 Development of Training Materials and Methods in Food and Agriculture and Rural Development Policy
1,340 (548) 792 0 792
3.1.1.P4 Coordination of Country Focus 178 254 432 (17) 4153.1.1.S2 Technical Support Services in Field
650. The objectives of this programme (with a modified title) are:a) to enhance the country focus of the Organization by ensuring availability
of relevant data on country situations and strategic priorities through a web-based country information system;
b) to strengthen the field programme, so as to ensure effective provision of technical assistance related to core issues of agricultural development and food security; and
c) to ensure that relevant policy advice and capacity building is efficiently delivered to Members, in particular through inter-disciplinary approaches.
651. The programme supports the Policy Assistance Division's (TCA) decentralized units, and comprises six entities: one technical project (TP), four continuing programme activities (CPs) and one technical services agreement (TS). The objectives of several entities have been refined to reflect the outcome of the recent evaluation of FAO's policy assistance.
311A1 - Development of On-line Training Capacity in Food, Agriculture and Rural Development Policy and Planning
652. Objective: to provide on-line training in food, agriculture and rural development policy and planning, thereby increasing the geographic coverage and number of participants in FAO's capacity building activities.
653. Approach: this new TP is to respond to technological developments and current trends in adult education, which favour cost-effective distance-learning approaches based on the use of the Internet. It will
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disseminate recent training materials on food, agricultural and rural development policy analysis in a web-based format suitable for use in distance-learning, and provide support to cooperating institutions organising distance-learning activities.
311P1 - Coordination of Policy Assistance654. Objective: to ensure that relevant and effective sectoral and sub-sectoral policy assistance is delivered to Members in areas of FAO's mandate with close interface with normative work of technical departments.
655. Approach: coordination of policy assistance services and projects will be ensured through updated guidelines for strategy and policy formulation and technical backstopping of policy-related capacity building projects. A strengthened interface will be sought between normative work carried out in technical departments and policy assistance provided to Members. Thematic analysis of priority issues will be conducted (with the participation of technical departments) to generate supportive materials to policy assistance. Regional and sub-regional workshops on selected priority policy issues will be organised, to promote discussion with countries' experts and to disseminate FAO materials. This CP covers ongoing coordination and exchange of experience among TCA's decentralized units, and monitoring of the quality of outputs of these units (sector and sub-sectoral policy papers, country policy reviews, issue papers on policies affecting food security, sustainable agriculture and rural development). Regional and global workshops will also be organised to enhance the capacity of policy assistance staff.
311P2 - Coordination of Field Programme Development Activities656. Objective: to ensure that field programme development activities are coordinated to address the core issues of food security and sustainable agricultural and rural development, including forestry and fisheries, in accordance with countries' needs and FAO's mandate.
657. Approach: the CP oversees the management of the project pipeline from the stage of project idea to project approval. This involves wide-ranging contacts with the field, as well as Headquarters technical departments to secure their participation, where required. Review and analysis of developments impacting on the field programme will be conducted and constantly updated. Guidelines for programming and follow-up to technical cooperation activities at country level will be produced and disseminated. The CP will also be heavily involved in technical backstopping to the constraint analysis phase of the SPFS and in support of regional programmes on food security.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 217
311P3 - Development of Training Materials and Methods in Food and Agriculture and Rural Development Policy
658. Objective: to strengthen national capacities in policy analysis, and in formulation and implementation of agricultural and rural development policies and programmes.
659. Approach: the CP will disseminate training materials on food, agricultural and rural development policy addressing: the impact of macro-economic and sectoral policies on rural poverty; strategic area development, micro-projects and development facilitation; and monitoring of policies and other priority policy themes. They will generally cover the presentation of concepts, supportive information, analytical methods, policy tools and country experiences, and will be made available, particularly to training institutions in countries and the development community, to be taken up in their own capacity building programmes.
311P4 - Coordination of Country Focus660. Objective: to ensure that FAO's support to countries relies on consistent, up-to-date and comprehensive data and information and that these are easily accessible to all FAO units.
661. Approach: the CP will develop and operate a computer-based country information system available on the web, with country briefs and profiles on food security, rural and agricultural development issues, including policy issues. This is complemented by databases to support programme development, including information on FAO capacities.
311S2 - Technical Support Services in Field Programme Development and Policy Assistance
662. This entity includes direct policy advice and support to Members, technical support to decentralized units for effective implementation of the interface between normative and policy assistance work, coordination and backstopping of strategic multi-disciplinary missions for field programme development, pipeline management, and capacity building support to TCA branches and units. Participation in specific Priority Areas for Inter-disciplinary Action (PAIAs) and collaboration with development partners is also covered.
Impact of ZRG Resource LevelsEntity 311S2, Technical Support Services in Field Programme and Policy Assistance, would be reduced, implying that direct involvement of Headquarters staff in policy assistance and field programme development would be limited and capacity building activities in favour of TCA branches and units restricted. Also, the implementation of a computerised system for country focus under 311P4 may be negatively affected.
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Extra-budgetary Resources
663. Some limited extra-budgetary support is expected, essentially for organising workshops for the exchange of experience on priority policy issues and for the development of training materials. These resources are expected to support work on: comparative studies and exchanges of experiences in Central Europe (including through a regional workshop), and capacity building, including through distance-learning, in agricultural and rural development policies (Latin America).
2002-03 Estimates by Funding Source, Unit and Region (US$ 000)
Funding Source Organizational Unit Region
Fund Total Unit Programme
Trust Total Region Total
of Work FundProgramme of Work AFIP 247 0 247 Global 1,894Regular Programme 5,215 FAOR 32 50 82 Inter Regional 670
RO 0 585 585 Africa 1,047Programme of Work 5,215 TCA 4,936 552 5,488 Asia and
Pacific828
Trust Fund Activities Near East 541Trust Funds 1,187 Europe 466Trust Fund Activities 1,187 Latin America 956Programme 3.1.1 Total 6,402 5,215 1,187 6,402 6,402
Programme 3.1.2: Policy Assistance to Various Regions(All amounts in US$ 000)
Programme Entity 2000-01 Program
me of Work
RG Program
me Change
RG 2002-03
Programme of Work
ZRG Program
me Change
ZRG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
3.1.2.P1 Enhancement of Country Focus 2,385 (27) 2,358 (60) 2,2983.1.2.P2 Field Programme Development 4,320 103 4,423 (300) 4,1233.1.2.P3 Advice and Capacity Building in
664. This programme covers the work of TCA's decentralized policy assistance branches and units, which are the "implementing arm" in providing consistent policy advice and programme development support to meet requests from governments and other parties concerned, and play a lead role in maintaining country focus for FAO's activities. Sector and sub-sector reviews and analyses of selected policy issues are
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 219
conducted to assist member countries in formulating policies and programmes for sustainable food security, agricultural and rural development.
665. Due importance is given to issues related to trade, including intra-regional trade and multilateral trade negotiations on agriculture; coordinated support in the implementation of the World Food Summit Plan of Action, including support to the constraint analysis component of the SPFS and coordination of regional programme for food security. Another key feature is the support to FAO Representatives (FAORs) in identifying potential areas for technical cooperation, collaboration with the UN system, International Financing Institutions (IFIs) and other relevant development partners.
312P1 - Enhancement of Country Focus666. Objective: to ensure that FAO's support at country level is based on up-to-date, consistent and comprehensive information, particularly on country situations, development constraints and potential.
667. Approach: the decentralized units at regional and sub-regional level, in close contact with country offices, will monitor and follow national developments with respect to food security, rural and agricultural development, including forestry and fisheries, and maintain country briefs and databases. Further, they will contribute (together with FAO Representatives) to greater awareness about FAO activities, programmes and areas of competence to assist countries in their development efforts.
312P2 - Field Programme Development668. Objective: to ensure identification, formulation and approval of sound projects and programmes for sustainable food security, agricultural and rural development.
669. Approach: decentralized units will conduct periodic reviews and analyses of the agriculture and rural sector in countries, including related policies. Based on these reviews and studies and taking into account FAO's comparative advantages, they will identify areas requiring FAO's technical assistance for sustainable food security, agriculture and rural development, in close collaboration with technical departments (in particular in the framework of the Country Task Forces), and in consultation with government officials, other development partners, Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs) and CSOs. Work also includes the management of the project pipeline at regional and sub-regional level.
312P3 – Advice and Capacity Building in Agricultural Policies670. Objectives: to provide countries with effective policy options for food security, sustainable agriculture and rural development; and to strengthen capacity of Members for conducting policy analysis, formulation, implementation, monitoring and evaluation.
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671. Approach: the CP covers: preparation and dissemination of papers on alternative policy options for selected priority issues; organisation of national and regional policy workshops on critical policy issues; and promotion of participatory approaches for policy formulation and policy advice (N.B. the somewhat artificial separation from previous entity 312S1 has been removed, and the latter merged into 312P3). Comparative studies and exchanges of policy experiences will also address selected priority issues. The CP will support policy capacity building and training of professionals in policy analysis, formulation, implementation, monitoring and evaluation.
312S3 - Technical Support to Field Programmes672. This entity aims at successful implementation of the field programme and projects, including SPFS and emergencies, ensuring inter alia adequate technical inputs from FAO. This entails backstopping of policy projects (or projects with policy components); fielding of policy advisory missions; and the preparation of technical reports at country or regional level on policy and strategy issues of interest to recipient countries. This includes preparation of reports of country-level workshops organised in the framework of country projects and other related technical documents.
Impact of ZRG Resource LevelsReduced resources available to entity 312P3, Advice and Capacity Building in Agricultural Policies, would result in a restricted number of comparative studies and national or regional workshops on selected policy issues. ZRG funding under 312P2, Field Programme Development, would translate in a limited number of sectoral and sub-sectoral reviews and studies, which would negatively affect efforts to enhance field programme development.
Extra-budgetary Resources
673. Extra-budgetary resources will continue to facilitate the outreach of FAO's policy work, through specific projects on food and agricultural policies in support of food security at both global and regional levels.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 221
2002-03 Estimates by Funding Source, Unit and Region (US$ 000)
Funding Source Organizational Unit Region
Fund Total Unit Programme
Trust Total Region Total
of Work FundProgramme of Work AFIP 187 0 187 Global 187Regular Programme 15,333 FAOR 0 6,713 6,713 Inter Regional 102Secondments to Trust Funds
103 RO 11,152 152 11,304 Africa 5,671
Secondments to STS 238 SO 4,420 0 4,420 Asia and Pacific
2,501
Secondments to SPPD 85 TCA 0 102 102 Near East 2,719Programme of Work 15,759 Europe 1,510Trust Fund Activities Latin America 10,036Trust Funds 6,967Trust Fund Activities 6,967Programme 3.1.2 Total 22,726 15,759 6,967 22,726 22,726
Programme 3.1.3: Legal Assistance to Member Nations(All amounts in US$ 000)
Programme Entity 2000-01 Program
me of Work
RG Program
me Change
RG 2002-03
Programme of Work
ZRG Program
me Change
ZRG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
3.1.3.A1 Support to the Development of a Regulatory Framework for Food and Agriculture
0 311 311 (30) 281
3.1.3.P1 Collection and Dissemination of Legal Information
313A1 - Support to the Development of a Regulatory Framework for Food and Agriculture
674. Objective: to develop an overall conceptual framework for national legislation, in particular to implement international obligations.
675. Approach: this new TP reflects the need to work through inter-departmental and intra-organizational groups to develop guidelines, plans of action, and other instruments in order to help Governments frame national law and policy. It also addresses the call for developing legal ideas in areas such as trade and intellectual property that have not traditionally been part of the Legal Office's work programme, but which have a major impact on food and agriculture, and are very much in demand from governments.
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313P1 - Collection and Dissemination of Legal Information676. Objective: to provide Members with a multi-lingual source of information on legislation for food, agriculture, fisheries and forestry.
677. Approach: FAOLEX, the legal database, now has 20,000 texts online, as well as abstracts and bibliographic information. Increasing use demonstrates that full texts are a cost-effective improvement of this core function, but that further improvements are needed. The Legal Office is cooperating with the corresponding services of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Conservation Union (IUCN) with a view to combining FAOLEX with their legal database (ECOLEX) in order to offer a broader service with better geographic coverage and more translations of texts and abstracts. Merging of the databases will occupy the first year of the biennium, after which substantial improvements should be visible. A new software platform will also be installed.
678. Legal publications will increasingly be available on-line and take advantage of FAOLEX. It is intended that the new software will facilitate the production of specialised database publications, and at least two such publications will be produced during the biennium. In addition approximately 1,200 pages of narrative publications and on-line papers will be produced.
313S1 - Provision of Technical Advice679. This entity provides direct legal advice, including the drafting of legislation requested by governments, and on-the-job training of national legal staff. It is expected that there will be an increase of activities in fisheries and aquaculture, plant genetic resources and food safety.
Impact of ZRG Resource LevelsThese will affect delivery of technical assistance. While every effort will be made to identify extra-budgetary funds for this purpose, delivery will still be constrained by the competing demands of information and normative work. The information function cannot be reduced without losing its usefulness and work on the normative framework requires at least a full-time equivalent Legal Officer, if the Legal Office is to play a positive role in the pertinent PAIAs.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 223
2002-03 Estimates by Funding Source, Unit and Region (US$ 000)
Funding Source Organizational Unit Region
Fund Total Unit Programme
Trust Total Region Total
of Work FundProgramme of Work AFIP 173 0 173 Global 1,540Regular Programme 3,042 FAOR 0 929 929 Inter Regional 0Secondments to Trust Funds
157 LEG 3,026 104 3,130 Africa 1,530
Programme of Work 3,199 Asia and Pacific
332
Trust Fund Activities Near East 166Trust Funds 1,033 Europe 332Trust Fund Activities 1,033 Latin America 332Programme 3.1.3 Total 4,232 3,199 1,033 4,232 4,232
Major Programme 3.2: Support to Investment(All amounts in US$ 000)
Programme 2000-01 Program
me of Work
RG Program
me Change
RG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
ZRG Program
me Change
ZRG 2002-03
Programme of Work
Trust Fund
3.2.1
FAO/World Bank Cooperative Programme
25,260 (1) 25,259 0 25,259 56
3.2.2
Investment Support Programme 21,286 13 21,299 (36) 21,263 420
Total 46,546
12 46,558
(36) 46,522 476
Cost Increases 493 497Total - recosted 47,05
147,019
Main Substantive Thrusts and Priorities
680. Public investment plays an enabling role for profitable private sector investment even though much investment in agriculture and rural development will still have to come from the commitments of farmers, fishers and foresters. Public investment supports the development and maintenance of key infrastructure and services such as transportation, water control, human resource development, agricultural research and extension, environmental management, and the transfer of knowledge and appropriate technologies. The Investment Centre Division (TCI) contributes to investment in these areas in the developing and transition countries through close collaboration with major financing and related institutions supporting the sector.
681. Cooperation with the World Bank began in 1964, whereas the Investment Centre now operates under cooperative agreements with most of the international financing agencies that lend to the agricultural and rural sector. Through cost-sharing arrangements, the Regular
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Programme Budget bears, on average, about 40 percent of the cost of the work under these agreements. The major partners are the World Bank, the African Development Bank (AfDB), the Asian Development Bank (AsDB) and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). The Centre also works with other major development financing institutions such as the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), the UN Capital Development Fund (UNCDF), the UN Development Programme (UNDP) and the World Food Programme (WFP). It collaborates with the World Bank, AfDB and the Islamic Development Bank (IsDB) closely in the promotion of rural development and food security in Africa, and with the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and IFAD in the areas of household food security and rural poverty alleviation.
682. Cooperation is being expanded with the Global Environment Facility (GEF), sub-regional funding institutions, and selected national development banks. The connection with GEF will provide additional financial support to the preparation of projects with emphasis on environmental and ecosystem management. Work will include exploration of methodologies to mobilise GEF resources and help countries take advantage of "carbon credits" to induce technology changes on small farms.
683. In this context, the major programme will continue to promote investment in agriculture, rural development and sustainable use of natural resources. It will provide assistance in the preparation of investment and technical assistance projects that respond to national priorities of developing and transition countries, and which meet the funding criteria of multilateral financing agencies. Major areas of emphasis during 2002-03 will continue to be on projects which increase food security; alleviate rural poverty; make better use of water resources; promote small-scale, low-cost water control; improve land and natural resources management and enhance soil fertility; strengthen rural infrastructure; and increase the effectiveness of agricultural services (research, extension, education) and agricultural information systems.
684. A significant feature will also continue to be the support to project preparation for the extension of activities under the Special Programme for Food Security (SPFS). To encourage local ownership and project sustainability, the design and implementation of investment projects will make maximum use of participatory approaches and will include careful monitoring of environmental impact. The major programme will continue to assist national agencies in capacity building, to identify and put into action viable investment projects and to help mobilise investment support to emergency rehabilitation programmes. Central themes in its activities will include focus on: gender issues, the impact on vulnerable groups; and enhancing the role of private enterprise and entrepreneurship in development. Through its cooperative arrangements, the major programme will also enable financing agencies to draw on FAO's technical staff for joint field work. It is also intended that it should play a
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 225
role in advocating higher levels of international financial transfers in support of agriculture, food security and rural development.
Cumulative Achievements685. Since 1964 to end-2000, a total of 1,200 projects in 134 countries, identified or prepared with the assistance of the Investment Centre, have been approved for financing. Total investments in these projects amount to US$ 66 billion. Of this total, supporting loans from financing institutions represented US$ 37 billion, with the balance provided by recipient countries and beneficiaries themselves. During the period 1999-2000, 65 projects prepared with the Investment Centre's assistance were approved for financing, for total investments of over US$ 3.2 billion, including supporting loans from the financing institutions of almost US$ 2.1 billion. During the World Bank's fiscal years 1999 and 2000, 24 of the Bank's agricultural projects approved for financing were prepared with FAO assistance, accounting for 38 percent of the Bank's lending for agriculture.
New Thrusts for 2002-03686. Further to the above, it may be stressed that TCI will provide assistance to national project preparation teams with a view to their assuming full responsibility for the work. It will also continue to collaborate with the Policy Assistance Division (TCA) and the Development Law Service (LEGN) in providing sound assistance to governments on policy and legal issues concerning agricultural and rural development, and natural resources management, including the legal reforms that are often needed as pre-requisites for new investments.
687. During the course of the biennium, the Investment Centre also expects to expand activities aimed at mobilising transfers to countries of a non-lending nature, e.g. through the increased cooperation foreseen with GEF, as well as exploring options for attracting resources to developing and transition countries for carbon sequestration. TCI will also assist countries in relation to the use of debt-for-development swaps.
688. The Investment Centre expects to be particularly active in the Horn of Africa, assisting in the design of investment programmes following on the recommendations of the Inter-agency Task Force on the UN Response to Long-Term Food Security, Agricultural Development and Related Aspects in the Horn of Africa.
689. Use of national consultants and teams, while enhancing local "ownership" of projects, is expected to help contain the costs associated with Investment Centre missions. Reliance on senior Centre staff outposted to the various regions, and utilisation of Associate Professional Officers (APOs), National Professional Officers (NPOs) and the various partnership programmes will also help contain costs. Drawing on consultants' trust funds, such as those already established with Belgium, the Czech Republic, France, Sweden, and recently with the United Kingdom, partially offsets non-staff human resource costs, and
226 Chapter 3: Cooperation and Partnerships
opportunities for establishing additional trust funds will be explored. A Management Information System, installed in 1997, was expanded in 2000-01 to include updated indicators taking into account new trends and practices in agricultural and rural development and to archive documents covering TCI's missions for faster reporting.
690. Main indicators of activity for the next biennium include about 800 missions fielded, with some 50 to 60 "project implementation completion reports" prepared.
Resources
691. The provisions are in line with expected contributions from partner institutions. A small transfer is effected to the overall departmental programme management provision (Major Programme 3.9). The staffing structure has also been readjusted toward less senior-level positions and a more balanced mix of staff and consultants in investment project formulation work.
Programme 3.2.1: FAO/World Bank Cooperative Programme
692. A major share of activities of the Investment Centre will continue to be directed towards helping Members to formulate investment projects for subsequent financing by the World Bank, including the International Development Association (IDA). World Bank management is expected to continue to assign priority to agriculture and rural development, so that demand for Investment Centre services should remain strong.
693. In addition to the SPFS work indicated above, a number of core programmes will continue to receive special attention in the Africa region. They include small-scale irrigation, soil fertility, agricultural statistics development, forestry and fisheries. Numerous countries have made formal requests and are participating in other activities made possible under Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) arrangements.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 227
2002-03 Estimates by Funding Source, Unit and Region (US$ 000)
Funding Source Organizational Unit Region
Fund Total Unit Programme
Trust Total Region Total
of Work FundProgramme of Work AFD 422 0 422 Global 3,556Regular Programme 6,818 AFIP 902 0 902 Inter Regional 0World Bank 18,441 TCI 23,935 56 23,991 Africa 5,583Programme of Work 25,259 Asia and
Pacific5,705
Trust Fund Activities Near East 2,076Trust Funds 56 Europe 2,708Trust Fund Activities 56 Latin America 5,687Programme 3.2.1 Total 25,315 25,259 56 25,315 25,315
Programme 3.2.2: Investment Support Programme(All amounts in US$ 000)
694. The Investment Support Programme (ISP), covering financing institutions other than the World Bank, operates mainly in the poorest countries. In the light of the strong cooperation on food security and rural development in Africa, between FAO and the African Development Bank, investment support activities with AfDB are expected to remain at a high level. In the previous biennium, collaboration has been greatly expanded with EBRD, under the MOU recently renewed, and it is expected to increase.
695. Cooperation with IFAD will involve a range of upstream and downstream activities related to investment in agriculture and poverty alleviation. Similarly, cooperation with AsDB is expected to remain at a strong level. Cooperation with AsDB and IDB is facilitated by the presence of outposted Investment Centre senior staff members. Investment support activities with IsDB are expanding, given the strong priority being given to food security and rural development in the least-developed member countries of the Bank.
696. The Investment Centre expects to field approximately 200 missions under the ISP in the next biennium, as well as in support of nationally-executed formulation activities for countries involved in the SPFS.
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2002-03 Estimates by Funding Source, Unit and Region (US$ 000)
Funding Source Organizational Unit Region
Fund Total Unit Programme
Trust Total Region Total
of Work FundProgramme of Work AFD 425 0 425 Global 4,556Regular Programme 11,218 AFIP 778 0 778 Inter Regional 0Secondments to SPPD 58 FAOR 0 325 325 Africa 7,548WFP payments - technical
1,219 TCI 20,096 95 20,191 Asia and Pacific
4,147
ISP 8,804 Near East 2,119Programme of Work 21,299 Europe 1,277Trust Fund Activities Latin America 2,072Trust Funds 420Trust Fund Activities 420Programme 3.2.2 Total 21,719 21,299 420 21,719 21,719
Major Programme 3.3: Field Operations(All amounts in US$ 000)
697. This major programme covers the activities of the Field Operations Division (TCO) which has been restructured following an in-depth review of the field programme. The review concluded that external factors, partially beyond the direct control of FAO (i.e. related to changes in the level of investment in agriculture, the modalities of providing technical assistance, the modes of cooperation with donors, and demand for technical assistance by developing countries and countries in transition) had a major impact on overall resource availability. It noted that FAO's performance was affected by a variety of internal factors, e.g. related to the degree of involvement of technical departments in field programme activities; the capacity of Regional, Sub-regional and Country Offices; insufficient dialogue with donors; management and administrative
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 229
shortcomings; and the need for a redefinition of the roles and responsibilities in the project cycle.
698. Accordingly, TCO and management arrangements for the field programme were reorganised in 2001, aiming at: a) further lowering the cost for supporting the field programme, b) transferring operation of national projects to the country offices where feasible, and c) increasing efficiency. Responsibility for operating projects is now shared between the decentralized structures and Headquarters along the following lines: FAO Representations are responsible for operating national projects in their respective host country, while countries without FAO Representation and countries under double-accreditation continue to be supported by the Regional Offices which also operate regional projects. Global and inter-regional projects are operated by the concerned Headquarters technical units. TCO will continue to operate emergency projects. This decentralization of operational responsibilities needs to be counterbalanced by strong central work on trend analysis, monitoring, quality control, formulation of policy and procedures to ensure Organization-wide coherence in implementation, reporting and analysis.
699. The reorganisation of TCO is seen as a major step in current efforts to reverse the declining delivery of non-emergency field activities. The restructured TCO is composed of the following four services:
a) the Technical Cooperation Programme Service (renamed TCOT), with the same mandate but now reporting to the Director of TCO;
b) the Special Relief Operations Service (TCOR);c) the Special Programmes Coordination and Monitoring Service (TCOS);
andd) the new Field Programme Monitoring and Coordination Service (TCOM).
700. While TCOT, TCOR and TCOS have been strengthened, partially by a redeployment of professional staff, their functions remain essentially unchanged. The creation of TCOM, on the other hand, should enhance the Organization's capacity to manage the field programme, despite the decentralized operating structure. More specifically, TCOM monitors the field programme, covering the entire project cycle, and is responsible for the preparation of analytical reports on current delivery and forecasts, permitting rapid assessment of project delivery performance for management purposes. It also operates the Field Programme Management Information System (FPMIS).
701. In summary, the restructured TCO has the following main functions:a) to analyse trends in field activities, preparing delivery forecasts and
monitoring progress;b) to plan and coordinate field programmes and projects and supervise
their implementation;c) to provide guidance to units responsible for field operations, advise on
the designation of operational responsibilities and establish the procedural framework for operations;
d) to coordinate FAO's response to emergency situations, implement emergency relief and rehabilitation projects, and link rehabilitation to longer-term development efforts;
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e) to manage and monitor the Technical Cooperation Programme (TCP), the Special Programme for Food Security (SPFS) and other field-related activities, such as projects funded from TeleFood proceeds;
f) to provide liaison with UN system inter-agency bodies responsible for field programme policy and operations; and
g) to generally provide support to policy formulation related to the field programme.
Resources
702. While the underlying details are quite complex to describe, the indicated resource allocations can be understood as resulting from the following main factors:
a) The significant abolitions of field operations-related posts in the Regional Offices (Country Operations Officers and Operations Clerks), a major organizational streamlining which is itself linked to: the need to adjust to lower-expected levels of reimbursements of AOS costs; and the transfer of operational responsibilities to FAORs mentioned above; hence the substantial decline in resources under Programme 3.3.1. However, part of these resources, hitherto assigned to Regional Offices, must be transferred to Major Programme 3.4 to enable the FAO country offices to cope with their increased operational workload, where required.
b) The restructuring of the TCO Division and other units of the TC Department, including abolition of the former Senior Field Operations Inspector, and further substantial reductions under the fellowships component to maximise efficiencies and take account of income trends. However, provision is made for implementation of a more advanced FPMIS, hence the increased amount under Programme 3.3.2.
c) The impact of the significantly higher volume of support to emergencies, due principally to the Iraq assistance programme, provided by FAO's Special Relief Operations Service (TCOR) under Programme 3.3.3. As TCOR is mostly financed by levies on extra-budgetary contributions, its staff and other expenditures can - and in fact need to - be flexibly adjusted to evolving workloads.
d) Some transfers of resources between Programme 3.3.9 (programme management for the TCO Division) and Major Programme 3.9 (departmental management), also reflecting the impact of restructuring measures introduced in the 2000-2001 biennium.
Impact of ZRG Resource LevelsThe curtailment of the provision made under real growth to support the full-scale implementation of the Field Programme Management Information System (FPMIS) would critically affect a potentially essential tool in the development and management of the field programme.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 231
Programme 3.3.1: Field Operations in Various Regions(All amounts in US$ 000)
Programme Entity 2000-01 Program
me of Work
RG Program
me Change
RG 2002-03
Programme of Work
ZRG Program
me Change
ZRG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
3.3.1.1 Africa 4,172 (2,720) 1,452 0 1,4523.3.1.2 Asia and Pacific 3,094 (1,632) 1,462 0 1,4623.3.1.3 Latin America and the Caribbean 3,336 (1,834) 1,502 0 1,5023.3.1.4 Near East and North Africa 2,089 (1,027) 1,062 0 1,0623.3.1.5 Europe and Inter-regional/Global
703. In line with the reorganised structure for field operations, a limited operating capacity is retained in Regional Offices, in the form of Operations Groups. The latter operate projects in countries without FAO Representation or under double accreditation, as well as complex and multi-disciplinary regional projects. In addition, they will monitor the field programme delivery in all countries covered by the respective Regional Offices, and coordinate and analyse implementation reports from FAORs in order to keep Headquarters abreast (through TCO) of field programme developments in respective regions. They also have a major role in providing procedural guidance to FAORs, and in monitoring the pipeline of country and regional projects.
2002-03 Estimates by Funding Source, Unit and Region (US$ 000)
Funding Source Organizational Unit Region
Fund Total Unit Programme
Trust Total Region Total
of Work FundProgramme of Work AFIP 267 0 267 Global 267Regular Programme 833 PBEC (2,361) 0 (2,361) Inter Regional 0Secondments to Trust Funds
150 RO 7,870 0 7,870 Africa 1,367
Secondments to STS 2 Asia and Pacific
1,385
Secondments to SPPD 2 Near East 1,018Credits for AOS 4,789 Europe 293Programme of Work 5,776 Latin America 1,446Trust Fund ActivitiesTrust Funds 0Trust Fund Activities 0Programme 3.3.1 Total 5,776 5,776 0 5,776 5,776
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Programme 3.3.2: Central Support and Special Activities(All amounts in US$ 000)
704. This programme includes a number of key supporting activities to the field programme, such as: implementation of training in the field (except study tours); overall monitoring of project terminal reports; preparation and coordination of country briefs for use by senior management; field programme monitoring information; servicing of the revitalised Field Programme Committee; and facilitation of project appraisal.
705. It covers operation of the Field Programme Management Information System (FPMIS) which is the Organization's response to decentralized management and decision making. During its first phase, the FPMIS made available to FAO Representatives and FAO staff in all locations concerned with field project operations, up-to-date and on-line project-related financial and qualitative information on the status and evolution of projects operated by FAO. This includes electronic copies of project documents and mission reports, as well as project-related procedures. Much of this data is retrieved from existing databases, including the Data Warehouse, but presented in a user-friendly format in one web-based platform. In the second phase, which has already started, the FPMIS will benefit from tools to improve operational responsiveness of field projects in terms of reporting and delivery of inputs; enhanced search and retrieval tools; a tool for preparing management reports as well as the development of a "Pipeline Module" that will permit not only effective monitoring and management of ideas and requests, but also forecasting of field programme delivery. While FPMIS is operated by TCOM, it involves contributions of many units, both at Headquarters and in the decentralized offices.
706. The core foundations for the FPMIS were laid during 2000-2001, but additional resources are required to: enhance the database; widen the base of project documents and reports that can be retrieved; and improve access from remote locations. The documentation accessible through FPMIS is limited to what was already available in electronic format (mainly TCP project documents and reports). More historical documents and reports need to be converted into electronic format to make them accessible to a wider audience within FAO and to achieve the full benefit of the FPMIS also for non-TCP funded activities. This investment will facilitate the access of field offices to project information;
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 233
improve the Organization's reporting to donors; enhance overall project implementation efficiency; enable FAO's management to monitor the field programme in real-time; and permit cost-conscious field programme implementation. This system is considered essential to a fully decentralized management of the field programme.
707. This programme is also playing a central role, through the re-activated Field Programme Committee, in the review of operational and administrative procedures relating to the entire project cycle, another prerequisite to increasing efficiency and cost-reduction.
2002-03 Estimates by Funding Source, Unit and Region (US$ 000)
Funding Source Organizational Unit Region
Fund Total Unit Programme
Trust Total Region Total
of Work FundProgramme of Work AFIP 374 0 374 Global 5,756Regular Programme 1,541 PBEC (1,500) 0 (1,500) Inter Regional 0Terminal Reports Pool 715 TCA 503 0 503 Africa 0Credits for AOS 3,500 TCD 1,266 0 1,266 Asia and
Pacific0
Programme of Work 5,756 TCO 5,113 0 5,113 Near East 0Trust Fund Activities Europe 0Trust Funds 0 Latin America 0Trust Fund Activities 0Programme 3.3.2 Total 5,756 5,756 0 5,756 5,756
Programme 3.3.3: Emergency Response Operations(All amounts in US$ 000)
708. This programme covers the direct cost of the Special Relief Operations Service (TCOR) which is responsible for managing emergency response operations. In the face of a growing volume of work, TCOR will continue to provide leadership for the assessment of emergency relief and early recovery needs in the agriculture sector; formulate and execute relief and rehabilitation projects related to agriculture; and assist NGOs and national authorities in coordinating emergency agricultural assistance.
709. During 2000, TCOR dealt with 114 projects, providing emergency and relief assistance to 43 countries. The total amount of new funding approved during the year 2000 amounted to US$ 385 million, of which
234 Chapter 3: Cooperation and Partnerships
more than US$ 320 million related to Iraq under the terms of Security Council Resolution 986, US$ 55 million from trust fund donors and other UN organizations, and US$ 10 million under Technical Cooperation Programme (TCP) funding. Staffing for the unit is largely funded from direct operating cost earnings.
2002-03 Estimates by Funding Source, Unit and Region (US$ 000)
Funding Source Organizational Unit Region
Fund Total Unit Programme
Trust Total Region Total
of Work FundProgramme of Work AFIP 304 0 304 Global 622Regular Programme 560 TCD 318 0 318 Inter Regional 0Special Relief Operation 6,456 TCO 6,610 0 6,610 Africa 3,303Credits for AOS 216 Asia and
Pacific992
Programme of Work 7,232 Near East 331Trust Fund Activities Europe 1,653Trust Funds 0 Latin America 331Trust Fund Activities 0Programme 3.3.3 Total 7,232 7,232 0 7,232 7,232
Major Programme 3.4: FAO Representatives(All amounts in US$ 000)
710. FAORs are the focal point for contact with the respective host governments, civil society and the donor community in their countries of accreditation. The FAORs, thus contribute to the effective attainment of the Organization's strategic objectives and play a key role in ensuring synergy between operational and normative activities at country level. They advocate the integration of food security considerations in national policies and programmes, while enabling FAO to focus its expertise where and when it is most needed. As members of the UN country team, they assist with national follow-up to international conferences, monitor national developments relevant to FAO, and channel and coordinate FAO's technical cooperation activities. They alert the Organization on emergencies in FAO's areas of competence, and initiate (and support) the necessary actions.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 235
711. FAORs are involved with various strategies to address cross-organizational issues, which are included in the Strategic Framework and the Medium Term Plan. FAORs indeed contribute to: Enhancing inter-disciplinarity as the leaders of the country teams; Broadening partnership and alliances with development partners, particularly within the UN system and with civil society organizations; Leveraging resources for FAO field programme through contacts with local representatives of the donor community; and Communicating FAO's messages through the local media, particularly within the framework of World Food Day events, including TeleFood.
712. In addition, the majority of FAO Representations have assumed operational responsibilities for national projects in the 2000-2001 biennium, and are expected to play an increasing role in the development of the field programme. In this context, FAORs will continue to have access to limited resources through, for instance, the Small-scale Facility, which assists them in meeting requests for technical or policy support through recourse to local expertise.
713. During the 2002-03 biennium, the geographic coverage of the network of FAO Representatives is expected to reach a total of 131 member countries. This will include 78 country offices, 4 countries served by Regional Offices, 38 countries covered through multiple accreditations and/or National Correspondents, and 11 countries under the new technical officer scheme approved by the Council at its 119th session.
714. The expansion of the network of country offices and their assumption of additional functions, will require strengthening of their capacities. In this context, the staffing level of each office has been the subject of an in-depth review, the results of which will be implemented in 2002-03. It is envisaged that each country office should have as a minimum core requirement one NPO and one administrative support staff provided by FAO. Therefore, the total number of posts of National Professional Officers (NPOs) will increase from 65 to 106, including by replacing 27 posts of Programme Assistant or Programme Clerk. In order to regain competitiveness, retain qualified staff and bring the NPO category in line with general UN practice, a number of NPO posts will be upgraded.
715. To allow FAORs to assume their new operational functions, some additional temporary local human resources will be utilised, and supplementary non-staff resources be provided through AOS funding (shifted from Major Programme 3.3).
716. There will also be a substantial staff training programme which will cover, inter alia, general management skills and project cycle management, particularly project formulation and implementation. The programmes for the enhancement of computer and language skills and the Headquarters briefing sessions for newly recruited FAORs, NPOs and Administrative Officers, will continue. Training on staff security will be
236 Chapter 3: Cooperation and Partnerships
provided in collaboration with other UN institutions. Finally, the Organization will pursue the strengthening of the information and communication systems for FAO Representations.
717. The major programme is also concerned with management and administrative backstopping services to the FAORs from the Office for Coordination of Normative, Operational and Decentralized Activities (OCD) at Headquarters. This task covers the handling of field security and emergency-related matters as well as FAO's liaison with the UN Security Coordinator's Office. Some adjustments are made to the organigramme and staff positions within OCD, to further rationalise staff deployment and work-flow.
Resources
718. As mentioned above, part of the net increase in resources (approximately US$ 1.6 million) is due to the additional allocation of AOS income in order to enable selected country offices to cope with increased operational workloads, which can be shifted from Major Programme 3.3.
719. The remainder of the net increase is to serve essentially two purposes:
a) augmenting FAO’s contribution to the functioning of the eleven new country representations, based on the outposted technical officer arrangement introduced in 2001, beyond the cost of the latter officers. In relieving the concerned host countries from part of the substantial obligations inherent in this scheme, this should bring some measure of fairness in relation to other countries benefiting from a fully-fledged FAO office;
b) as illustrated above, strengthening the human resource capacities of FAO representations, through additional staff to fill critical gaps and the extensive training required by ever-increasing responsibilities, and for the necessary substantial upgrades of telecommunications and computer equipment for their efficient functioning.
Impact of ZRG Resource LevelsElimination of most of the increase in resources factored in the real growth proposals, would in the first instance limit FAO's contribution to the functioning of the eleven new country representations, based on the outposted technical officer arrangement introduced in 2001, to the cost of the latter officers. ZRG resource levels would also severely hamper the necessary strengthening of human resource capacities and infrastructures in FAO representations. Without the additional staff to fill critical gaps and the extensive training required by ever-increasing responsibilities, it will be very difficult for these offices to operate efficiently. ZRG levels would, however, still reflect the addition of US$ 1.6 million from AOS resources to compensate the current network of country offices for increased workload due to decentralization measures taken in the 2000-2001 biennium.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 237
2002-03 Estimates by Funding Source, Unit and Region (US$ 000)
Funding Source Organizational Unit Region
Fund Total Unit Programme
Trust Total Region Total
of Work FundProgramme of Work AFIP 1,369 0 1,369 Global 6,240Regular Programme 65,486 FAOR 74,735 0 74,735 Inter Regional 0Credits for AOS 10,787 OCD 4,778 93 4,871 Africa 31,591Government Cash Contributions
1,670 PBEC (2,939) 0 (2,939) Asia and Pacific
12,204
Programme of Work 77,943 Near East 9,334Trust Fund Activities Europe 718Trust Funds 93 Latin America 17,949Trust Fund Activities 93Programme 3.4.0 Total 78,036 77,943 93 78,036 78,036
Major Programme 3.5: Cooperation with External Partners
(All amounts in US$ 000)Programme 2000-01
Programme of Work
RG Program
me Change
RG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
ZRG Program
me Change
ZRG 2002-03
Programme of Work
Trust Fund
3.5.1
Multilateral and Bilateral Agencies 3,139 733 3,872 (250) 3,622 2,831
3.5.2
Civil Society Awareness and Partnerships
4,394 522 4,916 0 4,916 0
3.5.3
Cooperation Agreements with Member Nations and Support to ECDC and TCDC
720. The resource change under Programme 3.5.2 is to consolidate and formalise TeleFood supporting structures, within the framework of World Food Day Special Events. In effect, World Food Day Special Events/TeleFood were so far largely supported through ad hoc arrangements (including temporary posts and occasional reliance on fortuitous savings in other areas), a formula which is clearly not appropriate for a now well-established activity, as sanctioned by Conference Resolution 3/97. In particular, a new post of Deputy Executive Coordinator is to be established. A limited contribution from the Liaison Office for North America is also reflected.
721. Programme 3.5.1 is also being strengthened, in view of its central role in resource mobilisation. Most of the increase is to support a Project Identification Facility (PIF) to develop a project "pipeline" capable of attracting donor support.
238 Chapter 3: Cooperation and Partnerships
Programme 3.5.1: Multilateral and Bilateral Agencies(All amounts in US$ 000)
722. This programme will aim at the further expansion and diversification of FAO trust funds, through sustained and dynamic dialogue with all development partners, in full consistency with the strategy for Leveraging resources for FAO and its Members approved as part of the Strategic Framework. This should also increase the relevance and visibility of the Organization in support of food security and agricultural and rural development. Within this overall context, emphasis will be placed on strategic alliances with key donor countries, based on a programme approach, shared priorities and synergies both in field operations and normative activities. For this purpose, areas of interest to donors will be reviewed annually in consultation with technical departments. Resource mobilisation efforts will include annual (or semi-annual) multi-donor meetings, annual consultations with major donors and ad hoc meetings with selected donors, with a view to presenting FAO's priority programmes and projects requiring donor support.
723. Attention will continue to be paid to the development of the Unilateral Trust Fund (UTF) programme, both within the framework of World Bank-funded investment programmes and through nationally funded technical assistance projects. Special consideration will be accorded to countries willing to utilise their own resources to finance SPFS projects, as a major vehicle for the attainment of WFS goals. The Associate Professional Officer programme should further facilitate the integration of fresh approaches, cutting-edge technology and advanced computer applications into FAO's work. Donors will be encouraged to reverse the current decline and to sponsor an increasing number of APOs from developing countries.
Impact of ZRG Resource LevelsIt would be necessary to reduce the provision made to support the Project Identification Facility (PIF).
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 239
2002-03 Estimates by Funding Source, Unit and Region (US$ 000)
Funding Source Organizational Unit Region
Fund Total Unit Programme
Trust Total Region Total
of Work FundProgramme of Work AFIP 203 0 203 Global 4,023Regular Programme 1,806 TCD 3,669 2,831 6,500 Inter Regional 2,680Credits for AOS 2,066 Africa 0Programme of Work 3,872 Asia and
Pacific0
Trust Fund Activities Near East 0Trust Funds 2,831 Europe 0Trust Fund Activities 2,831 Latin America 0Programme 3.5.1 Total 6,703 3,872 2,831 6,703 6,703
Programme 3.5.2: Civil Society Awareness and Partnerships(All amounts in US$ 000)
Programme Entity 2000-01 Program
me of Work
RG Program
me Change
RG 2002-03
Programme of Work
ZRG Programme Change
ZRG 2002-03
Programme of Work
3.5.2.1 Partnerships with Civil Society including the Private Sector and NGOs
2,101 (188) 1,913 0 1,913
3.5.2.2 National Food for All and Other Awareness Raising Campaigns
724. This programme addresses important components of the cross-organizational strategy on Broadening partnerships and alliances. In its outreach efforts to the private sector, it plays a catalytic role in identifying and attracting private sector partners (including associations, foundations, etc.) for long-term cooperation with FAO. It will facilitate innovative cooperative arrangements initiated by technical divisions, and will develop and update policy and operational frameworks and guidance as relates to private sector cooperation. An Advisory Board is to ensure that cooperation proposals respect established principles and criteria.
725. During the biennium, in collaboration with concerned technical divisions, targeted efforts will be made to inform potential private sector partners about projects and programmes in developing countries which offer opportunities for their support, in terms of investment and/or technology and to negotiate mutually beneficial agreements. The possibility will be considered of setting up an FAO-private sector consultative committee, with the participation of selected companies, associations and foundations, so as to identify projects and partnership arrangements. It is also intended to facilitate enhanced collaboration
240 Chapter 3: Cooperation and Partnerships
with the private sector in developing countries through identification of industry groups and companies active in the agriculture and food sectors which offer potential for cooperation.
726. Partnerships with non-governmental and civil society organizations will build on the solid basis established during the previous biennium through: the issuance of the Policy and Strategy for Cooperation with NGOs and CSOs; regional consultations held with NGOs and CSOs in 2000; NGO and CSO participation in 2001 sessions of the Technical Committees of the Council, and the important effort of mobilisation for civil society involvement in the WFS: fyl. These activities have helped to structure FAO's interface with this sector and to identify priority objectives of common concern regionally and globally.
727. Operating through a network of NGO/CSO focal points in technical divisions and field offices, the programme will pursue the following activities:
a) Information: the NGO/CSO page on the FAO website will be further developed to serve as a dynamic corporate means for information exchange. Regional Offices will strengthen their communication outreach. The WFS: fyl is expected to lead to a significant increase in NGO/CSO public information campaigns in support of WFS objectives.
b) Policy dialogue: emphasis will be given to enhancing national dialogue following the WFS: fyl. NGO/CSO consultations feeding into the FAO Regional Conferences will be held, subject to availability of extra-budgetary funds. A global NGO/CSO advisory committee will be established based on the experience of the NGO/CSO planning committee for the WFS: fyl. FAO's procedures for granting formal status to NGOs and for their participation in meetings will be reviewed, taking into consideration practice in other UN agencies, and results reported to the FAO Governing Bodies.
c) Field-level work: capacity building programmes will be formulated at the request of farmers' organizations and other CSOs; their participation in FAO's field programmes will be strengthened building on existing positive experience. Lessons drawn from FAO's cooperation with NGOs in special relief operations will be applied to reinforce this important collaboration. "Triangular" approaches to resource mobilisation involving governments, intergovernmental agencies and NGOs will be pursued in areas of joint interest like the Horn of Africa Initiative and other food security projects.
728. Sub-programme 3.5.2.2 includes the work in the General Affairs and Information Department (GI) for coordination, planning and implementation of World Food Day and related activities, the use of FAO Ambassadors, and for promotion of country-level involvement and civil society participation through the dissemination of information materials. The World Food Day Special Events/TeleFood programme will continue to embody corporate efforts aimed principally at raising public awareness on the plight of the hungry, while mobilising resources to fund micro-projects targeted at helping poor farmers. It may be noted that the public information contribution of the Information Division (GII) is under Programme 5.1.1.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 241
2002-03 Estimates by Funding Source, Unit and Region (US$ 000)
Funding Source Organizational Unit Region
Fund Total Unit Programme
Trust Total Region Total
of Work FundProgramme of Work AFIP 209 0 209 Global 4,387Regular Programme 4,567 GID 2,388 0 2,388 Inter Regional 0Credits for AOS 349 LOWA 69 0 69 Africa 399Programme of Work 4,916 RO 529 0 529 Asia and
Pacific93
Trust Fund Activities SAD 216 0 216 Near East 37Trust Funds 0 TCD 1,505 0 1,505 Europe 0Trust Fund Activities 0 Latin America 0Programme 3.5.2 Total 4,916 4,916 0 4,916 4,916
Programme 3.5.3: Cooperation Agreements with Member Nations
and Support to ECDC and TCDC(All amounts in US$ 000)
Programme Entity 2000-01 Program
me of Work
RG Program
me Change
RG 2002-03
Programme of Work
ZRG Program
me Change
ZRG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
3.5.3.0 Cooperation Agreements with Member Nations/Support to ECDC-TCDC
729. The partnership programmes, in particular the use of Technical Cooperation among Developing Countries (TCDC) and Technical Cooperation among Countries in Transition (TCCT) experts, aim at enhancing national capacity and self-reliance, reducing the cost of FAO's services and enhancing impact and sustainability of FAO's technical cooperation. The involvement of visiting experts from premier academic and research institutions in the Organization's work enhances the exchange of knowledge between FAO and other centres of excellence. The retirees programme enables the Organization to benefit from the accumulated experience of retired staff at reduced cost levels, whereas the direct association of qualified young professionals with FAO's activities contributes to the development of national capacities of the countries of origin.
730. Programme 3.5.3 will continue to respond to the evolving needs of Members, while seeking innovative approaches. This includes promoting further Members' participation in the various partnership programmes. Modern technology will be used to disseminate information and foster
242 Chapter 3: Cooperation and Partnerships
their use in the activities funded from both the Regular Programme and extra-budgetary resources.
2002-03 Estimates by Funding Source, Unit and Region (US$ 000)
Funding Source Organizational Unit Region
Fund Total Unit Programme
Trust Total Region Total
of Work FundProgramme of Work AFIP 67 0 67 Global 1,241Regular Programme 1,241 OCD 1,174 0 1,174 Inter Regional 0
Africa 0Programme of Work 1,241 Asia and
Pacific0
Trust Fund Activities Near East 0Trust Funds 0 Europe 0Trust Fund Activities 0 Latin America 0Programme 3.5.3 Total 1,241 1,241 0 1,241 1,241
Major Programme 3.9: Programme Management(All amounts in US$ 000)
731. This major programme covers the direct Office of Assistant Director-General (TCD), including the Programme Coordination Unit (TCDP) and a consolidated departmental Registry as the result of restructuring. Hence, the net increase shown, stemming from transfers from other programmes under the chapter.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 243
Chapter 4: Technical Cooperation Programme
(All amounts in US$ 000)Major Programme 2000-01
Programme of Work
RG Program
me Change
RG 2002-03
Programme of Work
ZRG Program
me Change
ZRG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
Trust Fund
4.1
Technical Cooperation Programme
89,118 10,318 99,436 (10,250)
89,186 0
4.2
TCP Unit 2,337 476 2,813 0 2,813 0
Total 91,455
10,794
102,249
(10,250)
91,999
0
Cost Increases 3,605 3,196Total - recosted 105,8
5495,19
5
732. The Technical Cooperation Programme (TCP) responds to urgent and unforeseen requests for technical assistance of Members, in close association with other components of the Regular Programme. It will keep to its main characteristics: ability to respond to urgent requests; limited project duration; low costs; practical orientation; and catalytic role and complementarity to national efforts and other sources of assistance.
Statistical Information
733. Updated statistical information is provided below. It may be noted that while distribution among the five FAO regions tends to remain within the same order of magnitude, shifts occur from biennium to biennium, as well as variations in yearly TCP allocations by country, often as a consequence of demand particularly in the emergency category.Distribution of TCP Allocations by Region (US$ million)
734. The distribution of TCP allocations among categories also varies from biennium to biennium depending on the nature of requests received. Advisory services account for the largest share of TCP assistance. During 2000, the proportional share of training assistance increased, while that
244 Chapter 4: Technical Cooperation Programme
of emergencies declined somewhat. The share of TCP-funded assistance related to the Special Programme for Food Security (SPFS) increased to over 12 percent (Category D).Distribution of TCP Allocations by Categories (Percentages)
735. The distribution of TCP approvals by major sectors of activity, in the last nine-year period up to 2000, has evolved as shown below:Approvals by Major Sector of Activity, 1992-93 to 2000 (values in US$ million)
Sector of Activity1992-93 1994-95 1996-97 1998-99 2000
Value % Value % Value % Value % Value %General Policy and Direction 1.2 1 2.5 3 1.4 2 0.4 0.5 0.5 1.2Agriculture 73.2 82 46.6 50 54.9 59 46.4 51.
Public Information 0.1Grand Total 89.0 100 93.1 100 92.6 100 90.0 100 43.4 100
Types of Assistance and Criteria
736. TCP provides technical inputs, in the form of national or international consultants (for a maximum of 12 months); technical services by FAO staff to support short-term and practically-oriented activities; equipment and supplies; and training deemed essential for project activities. TCP projects may also include sub-contracts to institutions for technical services, and cover general and direct operating expenses, and reporting and evaluation costs. In the choice of expertise, preference is given to the use of Technical Cooperation among Developing Countries and Countries in Transition (TCDC/TCCT) experts, as well as nationals.
737. Criteria for TCP assistance, remain those laid down by FAO Governing Bodies, which require that requests:
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 245
a) give emphasis to increasing production in food and agriculture, fisheries or forestry, particularly with a view to raising incomes of small-scale producers and rural workers;
b) be accorded high priority by the government, which must also ensure that local support facilities and services are available and that follow-up action will be taken;
c) be directed to an urgent and specific problem or need, limited to a particular sector or area, and involve practical action with well-defined objectives and expected results;
d) complement, without duplicating, other development activities, fill a critical gap, and where possible, serve as a catalyst for a larger-scale activity;
e) be limited in duration, preferably from one to three months; in no case should the overall duration of project activities exceed 24 months;
f) be limited in cost, not exceeding US$ 400,000 per project and preferably much lower, and involve the most-effective and least-costly method of execution; and
g) provide assurance of the fullest possible participation of the government in project execution, through such means as the use of national institutions, personnel and resources.
738. TCP supports projects within the framework of the Special Programme for Food Security, to the extent that TCP criteria are met. In addition, a Facility for FAO Representatives (FAORs) has been established to enable them to meet requests for small-scale assistance directly through recruitment of local expertise.
739. The Technical Cooperation Programme is managed and coordinated by the Technical Cooperation Programme Service (TCOT), previously a unit in the Office of Assistant Director-General (TC), and now part of the Field Operations Division (TCO). The service ensures adherence of approved projects to the TCP criteria, and coordination of the appraisal of, and the Organization's response to, incoming requests for TCP assistance. FAO Representatives, technical officers in Regional and Sub-regional Offices and at Headquarters as well as TCOR, participate in the formulation and appraisal process, and are also charged with operating them. During implementation, TCOT reviews and monitors, in close cooperation with field and Headquarters offices and through the Field Programme Management Information System (FPMIS), the performance of individual projects and of the programme as a whole.
740. Depending on the flow of requests, TCP assistance is approved throughout the biennium during which the related appropriation has been approved by the FAO Conference. According to the budgetary requirements for individual projects, corresponding resources are set aside or "earmarked" against the appropriation for the biennium, until the funds available are exhausted. Requests for assistance consistently exceed the capacity of the biennial appropriation to meet them. While individual projects can have a maximum life span of 24 months, they must be implemented and completed before the end of the subsequent biennium.
246 Chapter 4: Technical Cooperation Programme
741. Commitments against the biennial appropriation can be made until the end of the second year of the biennium following that in which a project is approved; commitments made at such late stage must be settled within the subsequent year, as laid down in FAO Financial Regulations. Financial information on the implementation of TCP projects, by country, is regularly provided in the Organization's biennial accounts submitted to the Finance Committee, Council and Conference.
742. With the assistance of the decentralized structures, and in particular FAORs, the Technical Cooperation Department maintains close contact with governments, so that the requests submitted are prioritised and do not exceed the programme's financial possibilities. TCOT is also responsible for coordinating the implementation of Conference Resolution 2/93 (Edouard Saouma Award).
743. The performance and impact of TCP projects is monitored and evaluated through: a) comments requested from both the recipient government and the FAO Representative, during project implementation and after submission of the final report; b) the FAO Representative's six-monthly report, which assesses the results and indicates ongoing or expected follow-up to TCP projects; c) ad hoc surveys to consolidate information on follow-up action; and d) evaluation missions. Follow-up action and catalytic effects of TCP projects are monitored through theme-oriented evaluation of clusters of projects. Four thematic evaluations have been carried out so far covering projects in the fields of food control, apiculture and sericulture, legal assistance and policy advice. The results of these evaluations have been reported to the Programme Committee.
744. As for the SPFS, part of the resources under Major Programme 4.1 is subject to transfer, as reimbursement of administrative and operational support services (AOS) and technical support services (TSS) made available by the relevant units. The provisions for these expenditures in support of TCP are respectively US$ 7.3 million for AOS, and US$ 4.1 million for TSS largely under technical programmes and for evaluation.
Resources
745. Besides the call to increase resources for TCP, embodied in Conference Resolution 9/89, a combination of structural factors militate for such an increase. In the first instance, account must be taken of the increase in the number of Member Nations that are eligible for assistance from the programme (e.g. in 1990, FAO had 157 Members, while the membership now stands at 180). As a result, for instance, the share of the European region in TCP assistance has increased from 5 percent in 1992-93 to over 10 percent more recently, affecting of course the share of other regions.
746. There is also a phenomenon of increasing complexity of TCP projects, due to increased use of national consultants, TCDC experts and
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 247
FAO staff for advisory services. In addition, there are demands for assistance in new fields, in particular following the decisions of the World Food Summit, for example:
a) projects in the framework of the SPFS – leading to substantial donor funding – initially limited to the water control component, and more recently expanding to other components of the SPFS;
b) support to national food control systems and national food safety;c) establishment of national Food Insecurity and Vulnerability Information
and Mapping System (FIVIMS) in food insecure countries; andd) training for World Trade Organization (WTO) multilateral trade
negotiations (MTN).
747. Moreover, there has been a surge in demands for emergency assistance requests, from 97 projects at a cost of US$ 16.9 million in 1992-93 to 106 projects representing US$ 29.3 million in 1998-99. Complex emergencies caused by natural calamities as well as socio-political conflicts have increased, and most emergency TCP assistance has moved away from relatively straightforward provision of inputs, to arrangements that aim at interacting with donors and recipient countries, with a view to optimising relief and rehabilitation for the rural and agricultural sector. Requests for assistance to settle refugees temporarily in host countries or to support them with seeds and agricultural tools for their return, are also on the rise. This context leads to additional requests for technical support in programme formulation for rehabilitation following emergencies.
748. These various developments have resulted in a decline of the number of projects approved in every biennium from 551 in 1990-91, down to 430 in 1998-99 and 191 projects in 2000, whereas the average cost for individual projects has increased from US$ 147,600 in 1992-93 to US$ 227,600 in 2000. Normally, FAO receives some 800-900 requests for TCP assistance per biennium; and every year some 250-300 requests – for an overall value of US$ 60 to 75 million – remain unattended, and need to be carried forward to the subsequent biennium.
749. At the same time, the substantial decline in extra-budgetary funding for FAO's technical support and cooperation with developing countries, mainly due to the decline of United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) financing, implies that many Members, including Low-income, Food-deficit Countries (LIFDCs) very often can only resort to TCP in order to access FAO's expertise in response to urgent and unforeseen needs. Approval of such projects usually takes more time as they often need to be reformulated in order to be eligible for TCP assistance.
750. All these factors support the wish of Members benefiting from TCP assistance, to see an increased share of TCP to the total appropriation. Within the chapter, it is also necessary to strengthen TCOT (Major Programme 4.2) in its essential coordination and supportive roles, particularly with a view to speeding up the approval process.
751. In effect, the tentative resource projections in the Medium Term Plan 2002-2007 included an increase in TCP resources under Chapter 4
248 Chapter 4: Technical Cooperation Programme
of the Programme of Work and Budget to take the share of this chapter to 17 percent of the total FAO Regular Budget Appropriation by the end of the period, as called for by Conference Resolution 9/89. The share envisaged for the first biennium (2002-2003) of the six-year plan period was 14.9 percent and the overall increase of US$ 10.8 million proposed aims to maintain this percentage (before cost increases). It may be noted that the eventual percentage of the appropriation under Chapter 4 may change as a result of Conference decisions.
Impact of ZRG Resource LevelsElimination of the substantial increase in resources contemplated under real growth would negate the expected benefits of a higher TCP allocation, as explained above. It may be noted that strengthening of TCP Unit (Major Programme 4.2) has been maintained as it is critical to the good performance of the entire programme, entailing an even lower provision available for projects than that included in the current PWB.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 249
Chapter 5: Support Services(All amounts in US$ 000)
Major Programme 5.1: Information and Publications Support
(All amounts in US$ 000)Programme 2000-01
Programme of Work
RG Program
me Change
RG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
ZRG Program
me Change
ZRG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
Trust Fund
5.1.1
Public Information and Publications Support
15,386 656 16,042 (814) 15,228 0
5.1.9
Programme Management 1,174 18 1,192 (13) 1,179 0
Total 16,560
674 17,234
(827) 16,407
0
Cost Increases (298) (327)Total - recosted 16,93
616,08
0
752. Programme 5.1.1 is implemented by the Information Division (GII) and seeks to communicate messages to FAO's major audiences (mainstream and specialist media, governments, civil society organizations, technical and institutional partners, and the general public). Priorities are determined through a coordinated planning process involving technical departments, regional offices and the Office of the Director-General. The programme plays a central role in the cross-organizational strategy on Communicating FAO's messages.
753. Emphasis will be placed on adapting the communication effort to respond to local needs, and reaching key audiences which are still unfamiliar with FAO. Maximum use will be made of the Information Officers attached to the Regional Office for Europe, the Liaison Office for North America, the Regional Office for Africa, the Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, the Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean, and the Regional Office for the Near East.
250 Chapter 5: Support Services
754. The existing Visitors' Service will be gradually expanded with a goal of accommodating up to 20,000 visitors per year and providing visitors with an educational experience on food safety, nutrition, environment and sustainable development issues. Multimedia information products, special information points in Headquarters buildings, full-capacity utilisation of the Iran and Austria rooms, and systematic use of volunteers will also enable GII to increase the number of visitors.
755. World Food Day and special events, including those under the TeleFood campaign, will continue to provide occasions for the dissemination of information materials about FAO, its work and priorities.
Resources
756. The net increase of resources would allow for a number of qualitative improvements to GII's information and publication support activities, primarily through: a post of Arabic Language Editor (enhancing the quality of outputs in that language), making full use of the public relations potential of the Atrium at Headquarters, and ensuring a consistent corporate image of the vast wealth of FAO media-oriented and printed information products. It will also facilitate media outreach in decentralized offices. At the same time, adjustments in staffing are made to reflect fast technological changes in this sector.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 251
Impact of ZRG Resource LevelsGII would need to curtail its pursuit of cooperative agreements with television satellite firms and other communication organizations. Media outreach in North America would remain at its present modest level or, alternatively, cutbacks would be made in media activities in other regions. Development of the Visitors' Service into an expanded Visitors' Resource Centre would be postponed. The implementation phase of the "corporate visual identity" project, approved by the Corporate Communication Committee (CCC) in December 2000, would also have to be deferred. Plans for a series of country-focused exhibits in the Atrium would be dropped.
Programme 5.1.1: Public Information and Publications Support
757. This sub-programme will continue to provide multimedia and print production expertise to develop materials which advocate key messages of the Organization to non-technical audiences. It will also continue to assist technical departments in support of their priority programmes as expressed in the Corporate Communication Plan.
758. The FAO Internet website, through its redesigned home page with daily updating of web stories, will be the prime outlet for news and information about the Organization and its work. It will also be used as a primary tool for outreach to the news media, both electronic and print, with their significant multiplier effect. Video, audio, still images and text will be produced and tailored for multiple use, (electronic and print).
759. Another high-visibility channel for communication will be the FAO Atrium as a major exhibition facility with a dynamic programme of exhibits relating to priority work of the Organization and its member countries in support of the fight against hunger.
760. Support will be provided to technical departments for the preparation of a wide range of other public information materials,
252 Chapter 5: Support Services
including leaflets, booklets, brochures, posters, fact sheets, information folders, external directory and yearbook entries, multimedia presentations, CD-ROMs and displays and exhibits. Electronic dissemination and print-on-demand will ensure that the number of copies printed is kept to a realistic level, reducing costs significantly. Design, production and coordination services will continue to be offered in support of material produced by technical units themselves, or on their behalf by external contractors.
761. The Mediabase online photo archive will undergo further expansion and renovation, as a greatly expanded digital resource centre. It will provide access to a wide range of photos, audio, video and other images from across the Organization for use by a wide variety of internal and external clients. Photographic reproduction and digitisation services for information materials will continue to be available, although increased use of digital photography will result in a decline in printing of photos. The Photo Library and Laboratory will maintain photographic documentation of FAO's work by organising photo missions with both staff and freelance photographers.
Sub-programme 5.1.1.4: Publishing Policy and Support
762. This sub-programme will continue to support technical departments in disseminating high-quality information products in all official languages in print and electronic formats, including editing, design, desktop publishing, external printing and sales of FAO publications.
763. The change from a self-funding editorial pool to a centrally managed provision of editorial services was carried out in the previous biennium. Given the limited human resources available in the core editorial team, however, the concerned unit is no longer in a position to undertake single elements of the publishing process (such as editing, proof-reading or desktop publishing). Instead, language editors will act as project managers for the Organization's four major "flagship" publications and high-visibility policy documents in the official languages. This work covers every stage of the editorial process – from manuscript - through design, graphics and desktop publishing stages - to final product, including the application of styles for eventual electronic storage in the FAO Corporate Repository and will ensure continuity of the image of the Organization as a publisher of excellence.
764. Co-publishing activities with commercial publishers, which have proved successful in recent years in reducing FAO's publishing costs while ensuring wide dissemination, will be expanded as a cost-effective way of increasing the visibility and outreach of FAO's information products, particularly in developed countries. Co-publications will be selected following discussions with originating divisions based on their suitability to address target audiences such as policy-makers, scientists and academics.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 253
765. Publications not falling into the categories noted above, will be produced externally by the technical departments, which will also take responsibility for the technical quality of the final products. The Publishing and Multimedia Service will support these external activities by providing information on qualified editorial and desktop publishing consultants and through a process of internal editorial quality control of information products prior to external printing or reproduction. Inconsistencies of statement, errors of fact or other imperfections noted will be brought to the attention of the originator for correction.
766. In view of the rapid changes in publishing technology, GII will be required to provide an even higher level of technical support to technical departments. The concerned group will expand its range of responsibilities in order to meet the Organization's printing needs in the age of digital printing and while qualified professional staff are needed to perform these functions, every effort will be made to cover additional costs within existing resources.
767. Close cooperation with technical departments impacts positively on the marketability of publications on a worldwide basis. The Sales and Marketing Group is moving forward with the online sales of publications and is working with technical departments on the development of additional products for delivery on the web or on CD-ROM.
Sub-programme 5.1.1.5: Media Relations
768. In the Media Relations Branch, the completed merger of the former Press and Electronic Media Branches demonstrated significant productivity gains through the integration and improved focus of communication activities. The branch will build on this to seek a high-impact approach to communicating priority messages to FAO's major audiences, focusing on the Organization's main policies and programmes and promoting the goals of the World Food Summit. Target audiences include government decision makers, civil society organizations, non-governmental organizations, technical and institutional partners, women and youth groups and the general public at large in developed and developing countries.
769. The branch will support the annual strategic communication planning process with technical departments. It will plan, research, produce and place more than 200 written press communications (distributed globally in four languages) to more than 1,000 international and national news outlets. This production will be supplemented by some 20 video news releases, features and interviews, and 300 radio interviews, reports and programmes. Depending on topic and target, official language production will be supplemented by production in other languages.
770. Media campaigns in connection with major FAO meetings and conferences will be developed with the responsible divisions, and FAO staff and senior officials will be offered advice on dealing effectively with
254 Chapter 5: Support Services
the media. Briefs will be prepared for major interventions with the media. Frequent contacts and joint planning sessions with multimedia production and publishing staff will facilitate a coordinated approach to releasing news and information to the public. Increasingly the Internet and the FAO homepage, will be an important channel for disseminating FAO news.
771. It is expected that media relations staff will respond to some 1,500 queries from print, radio and television journalists. In addition, some 150 interviews will be arranged with FAO senior staff and experts, 6-10 press conferences or media briefings will be organised, and some 200 visiting print, television, radio and other journalists will be assisted. Field trips for print and broadcast journalists will be arranged, and staff of the branch's video production unit will undertake field missions to collect material for video news features and news releases.
772. Increasingly the branch will take advantage of new technologies to distribute audio and video products to a wider audience: distribution of audio material via the Internet is usefully supplementing the traditional distribution of audio cassettes. E-mail has significantly broadened the global distribution of Press Releases at no additional cost. The recently prepared video catalogue is raising awareness in the broadcast media of the branch's video resources and will increase usage by TV stations. The branch will continue to monitor world print media for coverage of FAO and prepare monthly compilations of press clippings.
773. Regional Information Officers will further extend the reach of the communication effort, adapting and targeting messages for audiences in their geographic areas and facilitating multiple launches of important reports and flagship publications. The presence of the Information Officer in North America contributes to increasing outreach in the region, while for others attention will be paid to mobility within the region and their ability to organise media briefings and other events designed to position FAO as a key player and authoritative voice in its fields of expertise.
2002-03 Estimates by Funding Source, Unit and Region (US$ 000)
Funding Source Organizational Unit Region
Fund Total Unit Programme
Trust Total Region Total
of Work FundProgramme of Work AFIP 800 0 800 Global 13,917Regular Programme 16,042 GII 12,692 0 12,692 Inter Regional 0
LOWA 425 0 425 Africa 353Programme of Work 16,042 RO 2,125 0 2,125 Asia and
Pacific465
Trust Fund Activities Near East 391Trust Funds 0 Europe 340Trust Fund Activities 0 Latin America 576Programme 5.1.1 Total 16,042 16,042 0 16,042 16,042
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 255
Major Programme 5.2: Administration(All amounts in US$ 000)
774. Major Programme 5.2 covers the financial, computer and personnel services provided by the Administration and Finance Department (AF), including the development of corporate accounting and administrative systems, and applicable provisions in Regional and Sub-regional Offices.
Resources
775. The net changes in resources under real growth reflect a combination of different factors. In the first instance the efforts to implement further savings, particularly through the abolition of a number of posts in the Office of Assistant Director-General (AFD) and the Personnel Division (AFP), so as to be able to meet substantial additional costs required to bring the Finance Division (AFF) up to the staffing level considered essential to effectively manage the new financial systems (e.g. Oracle). Amounts totalling US$ 5.2 million have also been provided for the subsequent development phases of the Oracle-based major overhaul of FAO's financial and administrative systems (e.g. payroll, Data Warehouse financial information, human resource module). The amount is to be considered provisional as work is underway to identify the full cost of Phase II which may be very substantial. Hence, the provisions indicated assume that additional resources for this purpose will be made available from the expected payment of arrears. Secondly, some posts of the Information Systems and Technology Division (AFI), hitherto under Programme 5.2.2, have been moved to the pool managed by this division – the cost of which is spread throughout the Organization according to actual use of computer services. Thirdly, resources have been transferred from Major Programme 5.2 to Chapter 6, particularly affecting respective programme management provisions (5.2.9 and 6.0.0.9).
256 Chapter 5: Support Services
Impact of ZRG Resource LevelsA reduced provision under ZRG would virtually cripple the Organization's ability to meet the development costs of subsequent phases of the Oracle project funded under Programmes 5.2.1 and 5.2.3. This would leave this project basically dependent on funding opportunities from arrears, which are not certain. It would imply postponement of Phase II of the Oracle project, which includes the new payroll, Data Warehouse and human resources modules, until such time as adequate resources could be released.
Programme 5.2.1: Financial Services(All amounts in US$ 000)
776. The primary activities of the Finance Division are to maintain the accounts of the Organization to the highest standards with reference to the UN Accounting Standards and Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, and to provide accurate financial information to all levels within the Organization and to the Governing Bodies.
Proposed Activities for 2002-2003777. The main focus of the strengthened AFF Division in the 2002-03 biennium will be the consolidation of FAO's financial systems. This will include further refinement of the systems and procedural changes already implemented to support the rationalisation and decentralisation of the budget management process and transaction processing throughout the Organization. This consolidation effort will entail completion of "Oracle 11i", a web-based version of the current package, as well as upgrades of the Field Accounting System (FAS) and ATLAS (travel system). Significant procedural changes will be introduced in various business areas including inter alia accounts payable, accounts receivable and travel, which will result in substantial streamlining of transaction processing.
778. Phase II system development will call for efforts in effectively integrating the human resources and work planning modules and the new payroll system, into the existing accounting systems of the Oracle project. AFF will actively support this significant change process, while
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 257
continuing its own internal reorganisation entailing absorption of new business procedures. Given the complexity of the business areas affected by the new systems, staff effort associated with these developments will be substantial.
2002-03 Estimates by Funding Source, Unit and Region (US$ 000)
Funding Source Organizational Unit Region
Fund Total Unit Programme
Trust Total Region Total
of Work FundProgramme of Work AFF 17,444 0 17,444 Global 21,098Regular Programme 18,350 AFI 2,525 0 2,525 Inter Regional 0WFP payments - Non-technical
168 AFIP 1,129 0 1,129 Africa 266
Investment Earnings 240 RO 1,030 0 1,030 Asia and Pacific
270
Credits for AOS 3,963 SO 593 0 593 Near East 335Programme of Work 22,721 Europe 264Trust Fund Activities Latin America 488Trust Funds 0Trust Fund Activities 0Programme 5.2.1 Total 22,721 22,721 0 22,721 22,721
Programme 5.2.2: Information Systems and Technology Services
(All amounts in US$ 000)Programme Entity 2000-01
Programme of Work
RG Program
me Change
RG 2002-03
Programme of Work
ZRG Program
me Change
ZRG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
5.2.2.0 Information Systems and Technology Services
779. Implementation of the Organization's programmes, in technical, economic and administrative areas, requires effective and efficient information and communication technology (ICT) support. The demand for such support has been increasing steadily as FAO's user community has experienced the benefits and capabilities of ICT, and is expected to continue to grow at a rapid pace.
780. In line with vastly expanded use of information systems and new technologies, AFI will continue to assist programme managers and technical staff in applying modern communication tools and techniques. The development and coordination of systems and applications within the framework of corporate and departmental strategies requires that AFI undertake the overall management of shared computer resources and
258 Chapter 5: Support Services
telecommunications infrastructures, including local and Wide Area Network (WAN) management and Internet systems management.
781. Through its collaboration in the development and maintenance of key components, AFI assists in the delivery of the programmes of the Organization through support to computer application initiatives such as the World Agricultural Information Centre (WAICENT), the Food Insecurity and Vulnerability Information and Mapping System (FIVIMS), the Fisheries Global Information System (FIGIS), INFOSYLVA and FAOMAP, all of which make extensive use of Internet-based technology.
Proposed Activities for 2002-2003782. AFI will continue to support corporate systems in the Organization by defining, maintaining and promoting the use of: system development standards; agreed technical system architecture; and various tools and components that best fit into the overall policy of a cost/effective and sustainable ICT environment.
783. In 2002-03, AFI will devote much of its time and resources to: upgrading of Oracle applications; new releases and their further development; support of systems to sustain the decentralization of project operations to FAO Representations; replacement of legacy human resources and payroll systems; and provision of the required computer infrastructure.
784. In particular, an upgraded version of the WAN communications infrastructure and of the E-mail system will be deployed to link most of the decentralized offices desk-to-desk into a Virtual Private Network (VPN) environment. This will facilitate the release of web-enabled versions of current administrative support systems, the budget maintenance and monitoring system, FAS and ATLAS to operate over the Organization's new Intranet. The Oracle Data Warehouse environment, which has been essential in the decentralization of field project management to FAORs, will be enhanced.
785. In addition, AFI will continue working in close cooperation with the Technical Cooperation Department (TC) in support of the Field Programme Management Information System (FPMIS), which makes use of data collected directly by TC on project and programme activities at different stages of the project life-cycle. This information is planned to be fully integrated with budgetary, financial and human resources data by linking automatically to the corporate Data Warehouse, thus reducing of duplicate data capture and maintenance, and an improved level of data integrity and consistency across the Organization. AFI will also assist TC and the General Affairs and Information Department (GI) in exploiting different synergies between WAICENT and administrative systems and databases by upgrading the FPMIS to become the foundation of a Country Information System to make all information on a given country (i.e. political, economical, financial and programmatic) available to all users in a variety of different formats.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 259
Resources
786. The provision under this programme covers only the direct managerial costs of the AFI Division, excluding the division director's office, which are shown under Sub-programme 5.2.9.2, Divisional Direction. The remaining costs of information technology (IT) services, which total approximately US$ 24.3 million, are distributed to the various programmes utilising IT infrastructures, network and telecommunications services, and computerised applications. The reduction under Programme 5.2.2 is due to a shift of costs from management activities to the distributed costs of information technology services.
2002-03 Estimates by Funding Source, Unit and Region (US$ 000)
Funding Source Organizational Unit Region
Fund Total Unit Programme
Trust Total Region Total
of Work FundProgramme of Work AFI 1,481 0 1,481 Global 1,551Regular Programme 1,588 AFIP 70 0 70 Inter Regional 0Credits for AOS 149 RO 186 0 186 Africa 0Programme of Work 1,737 Asia and
Pacific0
Trust Fund Activities Near East 186Trust Funds 0 Europe 0Trust Fund Activities 0 Latin America 0Programme 5.2.2 Total 1,737 1,737 0 1,737 1,737
Programme 5.2.3: Human Resources Services(All amounts in US$ 000)
Programme Entity 2000-01 Program
me of Work
RG Program
me Change
RG 2002-03
Programme of Work
ZRG Program
me Change
ZRG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
5.2.3.3 Health and Medical Services 2,868 103 2,971 0 2,9715.2.3.4 Personnel Policy and Planning 2,756 (156) 2,600 0 2,6005.2.3.5 Organization Development and
Services3,932 1,819 5,751 0 5,751
5.2.3.6 Recruitment, Servicing and Systems Support
787. This programme relates primarily to the work of the Personnel Division (AFP), which will continue to cover the broad spectrum of human resources management issues. The functions of the division have been evolving over the last two biennia, shifting from a traditional rules-based prescriptive approach to a more consultative and advisory role, involving
260 Chapter 5: Support Services
an integrated approach to human resources planning and development in a dynamic process requiring adjustments as advances are achieved.
788. AFP will continue to enhance its advisory role and provide outreach and support to the decentralized offices. It will also ensure that human resources management policies are fully supportive of cross-organizational issues and overall strategic directions of the Organization. Departmental human resources action plans will be developed to include strategies for ensuring excellence, enhancement of inter-disciplinary approach and development of broader partnerships and alliances. The planned implementation of Oracle Phase II (human resources module) in 2002-03, delayed from 2000-01, will require a large commitment from the division.
Proposed Activities for 2002-2003789. AFP will continue to cover a broad range of human resources management activities, including: development of personnel policies and procedures; position management and control; support to recruitment of staff; management studies and job classification; salaries and allowances administration; social security provisions; identification of training requirements and provision of a range of services in relation to training; administration of appeals procedures and consultation with staff representative bodies; monitoring and support of the administration and servicing of staff; and provision of advisory services to management and staff in its areas of responsibilities.
790. The division will also begin the implementation of the new initiatives illustrated in the Medium Term Plan (MTP) aimed at enhancing the Organization's planning capacity through the development of human resources action plans, focusing on such aspects as:
a) targeted recruitment programmes for young professionals to replace skills that will be lost through retirement (supported by identified skills and core competencies within their first years of service);
b) measures to ensure that gender and diversity issues are integrated into human resources management activities (taking into account the Gender and Development Plan of Action), while maintaining an appropriate geographical balance; and
c) implementation of an enhanced programme of staff development with particular emphasis on supporting key cross-organizational themes emerging from the MTP (Enhancing inter-disciplinarity, Leveraging resources for FAO and its Members, and Communicating FAO's messages).
791. An important aspect will be the continuing review of jobs in the general service category with a view to updating them and keeping abreast of technological developments in line with future organizational requirements. AFP will also identify higher-level skills and competencies and the training and development requirements for ensuring enhanced flexibility in the deployment and mobility of staff.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 261
792. Particular focus will be given to the career development of staff. In this connection strengthening of the various building blocks including performance management and appraisal, skills inventory, defining of the core organizational competencies for staff and implementation of development programmes will continue.
793. Human resource policies and procedures will be reviewed and streamlined to ensure that they take account of best practices within the UN common system and national administrations and enhance productivity and efficiency. This review will be an essential component in the development and implementation of a new human resources transaction processing and information management system, which will involve liaison between AFP and AFI at the design, development, testing and implementation stages. Allocation of AFP resources will be specifically devoted to these activities.
794. AFP will continue to participate in inter-agency consultations, including meetings of the Administrative Committee on Coordination Human Resources Network, the International Civil Service Commission (ICSC) and the United Nations Joint Staff Pension Fund, in order to monitor developments at the UN common system level, while ensuring that FAO's employment conditions and entitlements are competitive. In this regard, AFP will play an active role in the ICSC review of pay and benefits to be completed in 2002. In addition, it will implement the new contractual arrangements arising from the comprehensive review of the medical insurance scheme of the Organization carried out in 2000-2001.
795. Close consultation will be carried out with staff representative bodies, with a view to promoting open dialogue and achieving consensus and collaboration on human resources management projects and initiatives, such as staff and career development, introduction of flexible work practices, performance management, and work and family policies.
Medical Service
796. The Medical Service (AFDM), which reports directly to the Office of Assistant Director-General, AF, will continue to fulfil its statutory functions and undertake preventive measures to improve the health of the staff, with a view to maximising human and economic benefits.
262 Chapter 5: Support Services
2002-03 Estimates by Funding Source, Unit and Region (US$ 000)
Funding Source Organizational Unit Region
Fund Total Unit Programme
Trust Total Region Total
of Work FundProgramme of Work AFD 2,781 0 2,781 Global 18,662Regular Programme 16,282 AFI 2,629 0 2,629 Inter Regional 0WFP payments - Non-technical
1,200 AFIP 919 0 919 Africa 270
Other External Secondments
444 AFP 12,333 0 12,333 Asia and Pacific
329
Credits for AOS 1,684 RO 836 0 836 Near East 87Programme of Work 19,610 SO 112 0 112 Europe 0Trust Fund Activities Latin America 262Trust Funds 0Trust Fund Activities 0Programme 5.2.3 Total 19,610 19,610 0 19,610 19,610
Programme 5.2.9: Programme Management(All amounts in US$ 000)
797. This programme covers AFD, the offices of division directors, the direct managerial costs of the Management Support Service (MSS) and the portion of the distributed costs of the MSS corresponding to the service provided to the AF Department. The remaining costs of the MSS, amounting to approximately US$ 6.9 million, are distributed to the various management programmes of Headquarters departments being serviced by the MSS.
798. The reduction in this programme is due to savings, coupled with a shift in costs of management activities for Common Services to Chapter 6.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 263
Chapter 6: Common Services(All amounts in US$ 000)
Programme Entity 2000-01 Program
me of Work
RG Program
me Change
RG 2002-03
Programme of Work
ZRG Program
me Change
ZRG 2002-03 Program
me of Work
6.0.0.1 Documents, Central Records and Communications User Services
799. Under the management of the Administrative Services Division (AFS), this chapter supports the cost of common services, including mail and pouch, document distribution, archives and records, procurement, buildings maintenance and security at Headquarters and Regional and Sub-regional Offices.
800. Sub-programme 6.0.0.1 covers mail, diplomatic pouch, document distribution and archives. With the introduction of the Digital Records Management System, the Archives Group is progressively restructuring to address the requirements of ongoing maintenance of digital archives.
801. As a first priority, Sub-programme 6.0.0.2 is to cover the cost of utilities and ongoing maintenance requirements including cleaning, renovation and refurbishment. It also includes one-off major maintenance for the buildings and for ancillary technical installations. As in the past, the budgetary provision for major maintenance works and upgrading of the infrastructure remains tight. The Italian Government, and other country and corporate donors, have continued to generously contribute extra-budgetary funds for infrastructure improvements. AFS has set aside some funds as the Organization's contribution for ancillary works associated to major projects financed out of extra-budgetary resources.
802. Sub-programme 6.0.0.3 covers the Procurement Service (AFSP), which uses purchasing or contractual instruments for national and international tendering and related procurement activities for both the regular and field programmes. Because of increased emergency work, procurement activities have expanded considerably and this high-level of activities is expected to continue. AFSP will examine the possibility of expanding its use of the Internet and utilising functionalities associated with electronic procurement with respect to its operations. By regrouping some duties relating to assets inventory and system development, AFSP is abolishing one professional post, thereby limiting the overall increase in resources, despite the transfer of responsibilities
264 Chapter 6: Common Services
and functions from the Finance Division (AFF), concerning the payment of invoices.
803. The sub-programme on security and transport (6.0.0.4) deals with the protection of people, property and premises at Headquarters, and related coordination with government authorities. It also includes fire prevention, and local official transport. The increase in resources is due to the centralisation in the Security Service of all functions concerning the issuance of building passes, some of which used to be fulfilled by the Conference, Council and Protocol Affairs Division (GIC), and to the transfer of residual funds to support driving services out of 6.0.0.2.
804. Sub-Programme 6.0.0.9 (programme management) now covers the entire Office of Director, AFS, part of which used to be provided for under Chapter 5. The increase in resources is due to such transfer; the transfer of the divisional Office Technology Coordinator (OTC) post; and of the maintenance costs of the catering equipment out of 6.0.0.2. The Office of Director also deals with very large procurement operations in Iraq, and with monitoring of the important infrastructure projects at Headquarters.
Proposed Activities for 2002-2003805. Main planned actions include:
a) monitoring of the construction of the new library, and other important works in buildings A (restructuring to meet EU security and safety standards) and D (air-conditioning and sanitary installations), which are projects financed by the Host Government;
b) the execution of important works (e.g. building signs, signals and markings);
c) the development of a new procurement strategy within the Internet environment;
d) the restructuring of the Archives Group in parallel with the ongoing maintenance of the Digital Records Management system; and
e) the development of new security plans taking into account the possibilities offered by recent infrastructure and technologies, and the challenge posed by the presence of highly valuable office equipment.
2002-03 Estimates by Funding Source, Unit and Region (US$ 000)
Funding Source Organizational Unit Region
Fund Total Unit Programme
Trust Total Region Total
of Work FundProgramme of Work AFIP 1,283 0 1,283 Global 39,159Regular Programme 40,346 AFS 36,876 1,000 37,876 Inter Regional 0Credits for AOS 4,117 RO 5,577 982 6,559 Africa 1,779WFP payments - Non-technical
410 SO 1,137 0 1,137 Asia and Pacific
1,811
Programme of Work 44,873 Near East 1,463Trust Fund Activities Europe 127Trust Funds 1,982 Latin America 2,516Trust Fund Activities 1,982Programme 6.0.0 Total 46,855 44,873 1,982 46,855 46,855
806. The contingencies provision which is subject to the provisions of Financial Regulation 4.5(c) is intended to meet unforeseen, essential expenditure and requests from external bodies for unplanned work.
807. The current level of the contingencies provision was set by the Conference as far back as 1979 for the 1980-81 biennium, when the approved total budget level was US$ 278 million. No change is proposed for the 2002-03 biennium.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 267
Chapter 8: Transfer to Tax Equalization Fund
808. The Tax Equalization Fund was established as of 1 January 1972.
809. In line with the practice followed since 1972-73, the 2002-03 budget is presented on a gross basis, by adding to the total effective working budget an appropriation for staff assessment.
810. This will have no effect on the contributions payable by Members not levying tax on FAO staff emoluments; their full share of the staff assessment appropriation is refunded, by deduction from the contributions payable by them.
811. Members which levy tax on FAO staff emoluments will have their shares of the appropriation for staff assessment reduced by the amount estimated to be required to meet claims from the FAO staff concerned for tax reimbursement.
812. The amount of US$ 96 039 000 provided for 2002-03 represents the difference between gross and net salary costs based, as far as professional staff and above are concerned, on the salary scales adopted by the UN General Assembly at its Fifty-fifth Session.
813. The application of credits arising from the Staff Assessment Plan against Members' assessments will be presented after the Conference has decided on the scale of contributions to be applied for 2002-03.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 269
Regional Dimensions
Inter- Asia and
Latin Near
Major Programme Global Regional
Africa Pacific Europe America/
East Total
Caribbean
2.1 Agricultural Production and Support Systems 34,109 14,858 74,374 26,841 22,596 16,118
266,728
455,624
2.2 Food and Agriculture Policy and Development 56,501 19,439 28,258 10,076 5,961 7,128 7,077
814. The Programme of Work for the next biennium is presented in the PWB document, in a "unified" manner. The constituent entities are organised under the established programme structure (largely on a sectoral basis) and are designed to address the problems and issues faced by Members, while at the same time being directly related to the strategic objectives reflected in the Strategic Framework. In line with this unified approach, substantive programmes are often jointly executed by Headquarters departments and the corresponding outposted teams in Regional or Sub-regional Offices. Many activities involve, therefore, participation of both Headquarters staff and that of outlying offices.
815. While occasional references are made to region-specific requirements and outputs in the narratives, these seriously understate their contribution to the overall work of the Organization and what will be accomplished in each region. It is, therefore, no doubt useful to provide cross-cutting views of activities in the Programme of Work of particular interest to individual regions. In the light of requests made in this regard, the present section is geared precisely to provide such regional overviews. These deal with substantive activities within Chapter 2, Technical and Economic Programmes and Major Programme 3.1, Policy Assistance, irrespective of locations, i.e. whether inputs originate from Headquarters or decentralized offices.
816. For the sake of brevity and to avoid unnecessary duplication, these regional overviews are deliberately selective. Since many programmes or activities are of obvious interest to all regions (e.g. Codex standards), there would be little point in making repetitive references to them in each
270 Regional Dimensions
summary, unless there is some aspect which could be worth highlighting in the regional context.
817. At the beginning of each narrative, a summary table indicates the breakdown by major programmes, of the resources estimated to relate to the respective region, both under the Programme of Work and extra-budgetary resources. It should be noted that while the allocations shown under the "Regional Office" columns reflect the amounts allocated to Regional and Sub-regional Offices, the amounts under the "Headquarters" column are statistically derived. As most of the budgetary provision for country offices is under Major Programme 3.4, FAO Representatives, it is not reflected in the following tables.
AfricaRegular Programme Trust
Programme Headquarters
Regional Country Total Fund Total
Offices Offices Activities
2.1
Agricultural Production and Support Systems
11,411 7,105 31 18,547 55,827 74,374
2.2
Food and Agriculture Policy and Development
8,019 3,236 28 11,283 16,975 28,258
2.3
Fisheries 4,735 2,641 57 7,433 18,177 25,610
2.4
Forestry 4,691 1,973 38 6,702 4,882 11,584
2.5
Contributions to Sustainable Development and Special Programme Thrusts
Agricultural Production and Support Systems818. The main priorities in relation to agricultural production systems in Africa are to enhance the present generally low levels of productivity and to make these systems less vulnerable to climate and pest induced losses. In particular, the continent requires effective strategies to improve natural resources management and increase the quantity and quality of agricultural production.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 271
819. Planned activities of direct relevance include:a) support to integrated production systems and institutional arrangements
for the onchocerciasis-freed zones of West Africa, and for the semi-arid areas of Southern Africa;
b) the promotion of small-scale and private sector irrigation, including the integration of irrigation and aquaculture, especially in drought-prone areas, and the sustainable development and management of wetlands and valley bottoms for agricultural production;
c) policies and guidelines for sustainable soil, land, water and plant nutrient use and management, including the Soil Fertility Initiative and conservation agriculture;
d) technologies leading to higher yield thresholds of traditional crops and of rice, and support to the introduction of non-traditional crop and livestock enterprises, including date palm and cold-tolerant oil palm;
e) effective use of advanced agricultural research results and adapted production technologies, including biotechnologies, to be facilitated through a biotechnology network for Africa;
f) control of migratory pests through improved coordination among countries in West and North-West Africa, and prevention and control of the desert locust threat through EMPRES;
g) support to functional early warning and early reaction systems for major epidemic animal diseases, coupled with adequate strategies for area-wide tsetse and trypanosomiasis control, and strengthened systems for delivery of integrated veterinary and livestock services; and
h) measures to ensure the improved impact of emergency relief efforts and post-emergency rehabilitation of the agricultural sector.
Food and Agriculture Policy and Development820. Work on food and nutrition assessment and on the formulation of country-level nutrition policies and programmes will pay due attention to the extensive requirements of the African region. Support to the implementation of national plans of action for nutrition will address especially year-round access to, and consumption of, nutritionally adequate and balanced diets by all, the needs of substantial numbers of food insecure households and communities, and nutritional well-being during emergency relief and rehabilitation situations.
821. The enhancement of national statistical information systems, towards improved quality and reliability of statistical data and attendant capacity building, will be the exclusive focus of the Initiative for Agricultural Statistics in Africa with the World Bank and USDA (entity 222A2).
Fisheries822. The present status of fisheries and aquaculture development in Africa will imply relative priority to be given to improving the efficiency and supporting the intensification of aquaculture and inland fisheries production systems, as well as promoting integrated irrigation/aquaculture practices. Several countries will require, and be provided, tailored assistance in fisheries and aquaculture planning and development, including sustainable livelihoods in communities relying on
272 Regional Dimensions
aquatic resources and the reduction of post-harvest losses through improvements of fish handling and processing techniques.
823. The existing FAO regional fisheries bodies, i.e. the Fishery Committee for the Eastern Central Atlantic (CECAF) and the Committee for Inland Fisheries of Africa (CIFA), will continue to be supported, together with further collaboration with other regional fisheries bodies or arrangements operating in the region.
Forestry824. Among the various activities dealing with the assessment and management of forest resources, those which will particularly address the requirements of the Africa region include: advice on the conservation and utilisation of wildlife; strengthening of forestry education and extension institutions; and support to national initiatives related to the International Year of Mountains, including follow-up actions to promote sustainable development in vulnerable mountain ecosystems in the region.
825. The generally still weak forestry policy and planning capacities will be buttressed by: the formulation and implementation of national forest programmes in many countries; the design of appropriate fiscal policies which promote sustainable forest management and the completion of the Forestry Sector Outlook Study for Africa.
826. Support to the African Forestry and Wildlife Commission will continue, while many countries in the region will receive assistance to enable their effective participation in on-going international forestry dialogues, including the UN Forum on Forests and the implementation of actions agreed by the IPF/IFF processes.
Sustainable Development827. The enhancement of the contributions of youth to agriculture, food security and sustainable livelihoods, which is important in order to stem alarming rates of out-migration from rural areas, will be served by: a) the organisation of seminars on rural youth and food security; b) the preparation of a guide on building national networks, collaboration and partnerships for food security among governments, NGOs, rural youth organizations and other related agencies; and c) updated information on the situation, needs, interests and aspirations of rural youth to support national youth policy development and governmental decision making.
828. The still relatively weak research and extension systems in the region will benefit from: assistance in the preparation of agricultural research master plans in Africa; advice to individual countries on the identification and appraisal of communication needs and the design of cost-effective communication strategies; and tailored assistance for the organisation and management of agricultural extension and education systems.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 273
829. Greater attention to gender and population issues in policies, legislation and civil institutions will be supported through: a) the dissemination of adapted guidelines; b) extensive training activities using Socioeconomic and Gender Analysis (SEAGA) for the institutionalisation of gender mainstreaming and networking in Africa; and c) seminars and expert consultations on gender policy development at national and regional levels. Promoting gender-disaggregated data collection and analysis will be quite important, as in other regions.
830. The complex regional land tenure issues will be addressed through the organisation of seminars on related policy, and the preparation of a paper on improved access to land by the rural poor, especially women.
Policy Assistance831. As for other regions, policy assistance will cover advice and capacity building in the formulation and implementation of policies, strategies and programmes for sustainable agricultural and rural development and food security (including national poverty reduction strategies, preparation for multilateral trade negotiations, assistance in the formulation of CCA and UNDAF documents).
832. Of particular relevance to Africa, will be attention to institutional reforms, the implications of international trade issues, capacity building in policy development and preparation of plans/strategies for post-emergency rehabilitation and development.
Asia and the PacificRegular Programme Trust
Programme Headquarters
Regional Country Total Fund Total
Offices Offices Activities
2.1
Agricultural Production and Support Systems
8,906 5,885 12 14,803 12,038 26,841
2.2
Food and Agriculture Policy and Development
6,148 2,031 12 8,191 1,885 10,076
2.3
Fisheries 3,643 1,551 21 5,215 3,044 8,259
2.4
Forestry 3,765 1,712 14 5,491 12,428 17,919
2.5
Contributions to Sustainable Development and Special Programme Thrusts
4,695 1,388 8 6,091 6,015 12,106
3.1
Policy Assistance 943 2,909 6 3,858 211 4,069
TOTAL 28,100
15,476
73 43,649
35,621
79,270
Agricultural Production and Support Systems833. In this sector, the region needs in particular to: ensure sustainable increases in food production (especially of animal origin) to address the rapidly growing demand for food; pay attention to developments and
274 Regional Dimensions
concerns related to biotechnology, biosecurity and biodiversity; and enhance disaster prevention and preparedness.
834. In this perspective, the following planned activities are worth highlighting:
a) support to integrated management practices and the sustainable intensification of rice-based systems, including integrated nutrient management and conservation agriculture;
b) enhancement of smallholder cropping systems, including through the genetic improvement of cereals and legumes;
c) support to regional cooperation to harmonise approaches to plant protection, including draft regional standards for phytosanitary measures;
d) wider application of integrated pest management through participatory farmers field school methods in rice, cotton and vegetable crops;
e) training on the modernisation of irrigation systems;f) support to sustainable water resources development and safe water use
in the Pacific Islands countries;g) expert consultation on AEZ methodology for land use planning and
rainfed production systems, including techniques for efficient crop zoning in land use allocation;
h) land degradation assessment in the Asia region and support to concerned countries in the implementation of the Convention to Combat Desertification;
i) promotion of effective procedures and structures for the containment and/or eradication of epidemic animal diseases, and building of national capacity in livestock health; and
j) an improved and adapted version of the MicroBanker package for use by rural micro-finance institutions.
Food and Agriculture Policy and Development835. Policy formulation and decision making in the region face a number of common problems and issues, although their incidence depends on unique country situations. These include: environmental degradation, especially land degradation and water scarcity; the impact of natural and man-made disasters; low productivity, persistent poverty and mounting inequality; lack of competitiveness in relation to the globalisation of food and agriculture; and biosecurity concerns.
836. In taking these into account, FAO will for instance, give due prominence to trade liberalisation in the design of national strategies for key agricultural commodities, as well as to the enhancement of quality control and biosafety capacities. This assistance will be facilitated by ongoing support to many countries in the strengthening of pertinent agricultural statistical databases. Updated assessments of the prevalence of under-nutrition will be made in various ecozones - including rice-growing ecozones - through the expansion of FIVIMS. Priority is also to be given to strengthening regional procedures for early warning, preparedness, and relief management for disasters and emergencies - particularly in relation to flood and drought.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 275
Fisheries837. For the Asia and the Pacific region, assistance to coastal fisheries management and sustainable aquaculture development will be firmly placed in the context of national food security goals and improved livelihoods of fishing and rural communities, taking account of the needed reduction in the environmental impact of fishing operations.
838. To that end, the following activities will be particularly pertinent:a) promoting tested and integrated aquaculture systems for enhanced and
sustainable rural livelihoods in specific countries;b) regional assessment and management studies for sustainable inland fish
production;c) support to improved fish health management and to the management of
large rivers for fishery production and livelihoods; andd) institutional development within small-scale fishing communities
towards community-based fisheries management.
839. The strengthening of existing FAO regional fisheries bodies, i.e. the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC) and the Asia-Pacific Fishery Commission (APFIC), will be pursued, as well as collaboration with other regional fisheries bodies or arrangements operating in the region.
Forestry840. The region's increasing demands for wood and non-wood forest products must be matched by responsible stewardship and management of forests and their diminishing biodiversity. Forests also face increasing agricultural encroachment. FAO is to respond with integrated policies which can ensure synergies between effective forest management and conservation on the one hand, and food security goals on the other.
841. For this purpose, best-managed models or demonstration forests will lead to sharing of the lessons learned through strengthened information programmes. Proactive assistance will be provided to enable institutions to better anticipate and control forest fires and to deal with their devastating environmental and economic impact. Assistance to countries will also focus on integrated watershed management particularly in situations with implications for down-stream rainfed-rice lands, and on rehabilitation of degraded forest lands.
842. Regional level networking and sharing of information will be supported in relation to effective national forest policies and programmes, which will moreover be strengthened through the planned National Forest Programme Facility.
Sustainable Development843. Despite rapid progress in many countries in terms of overall agricultural development, there are still substantial needs for: training and capacity building; strengthening of agricultural research systems and technology transfer; the effective application of advanced information and communication technology (ICT); and putting in place enabling
276 Regional Dimensions
institutional environments at decentralized levels for partnership among all stakeholders (public and private sectors, civil society organizations, farmers' communities, including marginalised groups).
844. Specific activities to respond to these unmet needs will include:a) national, sub-regional and regional seminars, workshops and
consultations to enhance awareness and upgrade knowledge and skills in relation to the above issues;
b) analysis of gender constraints and gender-responsive technologies and support to livelihood resource management policies and programmes, coupled with support to ICT applications and use of distance-learning resources for the advancement of rural women;
c) case studies on the gender dimensions in biodiversity management; andd) training materials and information-sharing on improved rural institutions
and services, participatory approaches in support of poverty alleviation, and sustainable livelihoods for the rural poor at community level.
Policy Assistance845. Policy assistance work in this vast and complex region will need to consider inter alia specific measures related to food security and poverty alleviation, especially in transition countries and food insecure least developed countries (LDCs). Assistance will also be provided in the formulation of CCA and UNDAF documents, and in the context of ongoing international trade negotiations.
EuropeRegular Programme Trust
Programme Headquarters
Regional Country Total Fund Total
Offices Offices Activities
2.1
Agricultural Production and Support Systems
2,907 1,416 0 4,323 18,273 22,596
2.2
Food and Agriculture Policy and Development
2,895 1,162 0 4,057 1,904 5,961
2.3
Fisheries 1,676 0 0 1,676 1,187 2,863
2.4
Forestry 1,692 898 0 2,590 350 2,940
2.5
Contributions to Sustainable Development and Special Programme Thrusts
2,403 1,617 0 4,020 1,015 5,035
3.1
Policy Assistance 798 1,966 0 2,764 0 2,764
TOTAL 12,371
7,059 0 19,430
22,729
42,159
Agricultural Production and Support Systems846. FAO's focus in the region in relation to the rural sector is on: the promotion of sustainable livelihoods and food security; the sustainable management of natural resources; food safety and quality; and the support to the process of transition to market economies.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 277
847. Key planned activities include:a) support to the integrated management of land, water, fisheries and
forest resources, in particular watersheds in Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs);
b) assistance to the rehabilitation and protection of ecologically fragile environments, including reduction of soil erosion and water pollution;
c) measures for ensuring quality in agricultural production and food processing and safety of animal feed (in particular with regard to export-oriented production); and
d) studies and cooperation for enhanced family farm development in the CEECs.
Food and Agriculture Policy and Development848. FAO's action inscribes itself in a context of socio-economic development needs of countries which vary enormously, depending upon their stage of transition to market economies, accession to the European Union, and emergence from conflict situations.
849. For instance, agriculture in candidate countries for EU accession generally lags behind other sectors. Concerted action is needed for: the establishment of appropriate legal, policy and institutional frameworks; the rehabilitation and revival of productive capacity, with emphasis on sustainable agricultural practices and modernisation of the agrifood sector; efficiency of food safety systems; and the facilitation of trade, based on international standards.
850. FAO intends to respond to these needs through complementary approaches. With regard to poverty reduction, it will promote sustainable rural livelihoods, giving priority to targeted programmes aimed at relieving chronic and transitory food insecurity, and based on national FIVIMS. Support will also be provided to the formulation of rural development policies and, in particular, rehabilitation strategies in countries affected by war or natural disasters.
851. In the area of food safety and trade facilitation, particularly for EU-accession countries and future candidates, attention is given to reinforcing national policies, regulatory frameworks and institutional capacity for integration into international markets and organizations. The elaboration and harmonisation of national regulations on biosafety and genetically modified organisms and the strengthening of food quality control and consumer protection institutions, will also be a priority.
Fisheries852. FAO will continue to carry out normative activities of interest to Members in the region, in addition to several important field projects, e.g. ADRIAMED, COPEMED, MedSudMed and the Fish Marketing Information Centre for Eastern and Central Europe (EASTFISH). These projects aim at efficient implementation of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries, the modernisation of aquaculture and fisheries (in
278 Regional Dimensions
particular in Eastern Europe) and improvements in ecosystem based fisheries management.
853. In addition, as relates to inter-country cooperation, attention will be given to bring into effect the Agreement of the General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM). The important work undertaken by the European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission (EIFAC) to enhance aquaculture and inland fisheries - through interactive and flexible arrangements between institutions in the region - will continue. The ad hoc consultations between FAO and the European Commission on fishery policies and management are also expected to continue, as well as support to fisheries activities of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES).
Forestry854. During the 2002-03 biennium, the Organization will play a lead coordinating role in carrying out a comprehensive outlook study of the forestry sector. In conjunction with the Economic Commission for Europe (ECE), FAO will continue to coordinate the assessment and monitoring of a wide range of forest resources and values, as well as production, consumption and trade in forest products.
Sustainable Development855. Activities of direct relevance to the region will include:
a) regional harmonisation of biosafety regulations and related training;b) support to networking, and dissemination of agricultural knowledge and
technology for food security and sustainable development;c) case studies to assist particularly Eastern European countries in
fulfilling their needs for ICT for research, extension and education systems in agriculture;
d) field programmes in research and development, particularly in Eastern European and Balkan countries;
e) support to gender mainstreaming and networking of gender specialists, institutions and associations;
f) organisation of the 11th session of the European Commission on Agriculture (ECA) Working Party on Women and Family in Rural Development; and
g) support to the Central and Eastern European and Commonwealth and Independent States (CIS) countries in land tenure institution building and land tenure policies to improve access by disadvantaged groups.
Policy Assistance856. In this region, policy assistance will focus on institutional and capacity building in the rural sector, to help the process of transition to a market economy. In particular, assistance will be provided for improving production support services for the CEE and CIS countries, particularly in the Balkans. In countries affected by natural and man-made disasters, support will be directed to the establishment of appropriate legal, policy
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 279
and institutional frameworks for the rehabilitation and sustainable development of the agricultural and rural sector.
Latin America and the CaribbeanRegular Programme Trust
Programme Headquarters
Regional Country Total Fund Total
Offices Offices Activities
2.1
Agricultural Production and Support Systems
6,063 4,105 18 10,186 5,932 16,118
2.2
Food and Agriculture Policy and Development
4,178 2,426 16 6,620 508 7,128
2.3
Fisheries 2,891 1,819 33 4,743 0 4,743
2.4
Forestry 4,083 1,758 22 5,863 12,344 18,207
2.5
Contributions to Sustainable Development and Special Programme Thrusts
2,764 2,026 12 4,802 14,895 19,697
3.1
Policy Assistance 874 3,904 8 4,786 7,119 11,905
TOTAL 20,853
16,038
109 37,000
40,798
77,798
Agricultural Production and Support Systems857. Of special importance to the region will be the planned active support to the national implementation of rights and obligations arising out of international agreements, e.g. related to sanitary and phytosanitary measures (in particular the IPPC), and facilitation of countries' participation in international standard setting, thus enhancing trade in agricultural products and protecting human, animal and plant life and health. Better coordination among Members in the field of plant protection will be pursued, in particular for the Caribbean. Special attention will also be given to strengthening national pesticide regulatory frameworks and pesticide management. Effective procedures and structures will continue to be promoted for the containment/eradication of epidemic animal diseases, as well as enhanced standards on handling fresh meat for domestic and export markets.
858. A pilot project on watershed management and participatory natural resource management, along with conservation agriculture techniques, is expected to contribute to reversing degradation of the environment in several affected countries. Municipal authorities in the region will be sensitised and assisted in addressing urban food insecurity issues, e.g. by improving physical and economic access of the urban poor to affordable and safe food supplies.
Food and Agriculture Policy and Development859. Policy formulation in the region needs to address various challenges, including the high incidence of under-nutrition still prevailing in many countries; rural poverty and the skewed distribution of income
280 Regional Dimensions
across society; low levels of agricultural productivity in many areas; weak institutions; and situations whereby information on food insecurity and poverty is too aggregated, making it difficult to formulate targeted assistance programmes.
860. Activities in 2002-03 will be directed at refining policy formulation as it impacts on food security, and promoting FIVIMS and the use of information technologies to increase opportunities for the food insecure and vulnerable groups. National capabilities in statistics will be strengthened through training and projects in agricultural surveys and censuses. Assistance to countries in food control, including adoption of the necessary food regulations, food quality assurance systems and consumer information education, will be another priority in the region.
861. While the majority of countries in the region have made progress in trade liberalisation and are active participants in regional and global negotiations, differences still exist in the extent to which they succeed in taking advantage of trade opportunities. Hence, assistance to countries in trade negotiations will remain important, particularly in terms of training on the implications of international agreements, and on emerging issues such as biotechnology and trade.
Fisheries862. Within the gamut of activities of interest to all regions, the following are especially relevant to the Latin American and Caribbean region:
a) support to policies for income generation in the small-scale fishing and aquaculture sectors, including their increased participation in marketing activities and small-scale processing, if applicable, and responsible management of resources by the community;
b) capacity building for fisheries authorities in connection with institutional organisation, policy formulation and implementation;
c) fostering regional cooperation in rural aquaculture, fish genetic resources and aquatic animal health management and information exchange; and
d) strengthening of the existing regional fisheries bodies, i.e. the Commission for Inland Fisheries of Latin America (COPESCAL) and the Western Central Atlantic Fishery Commission (WECAFC).
Forestry863. Particular attention will be given to the sustainable management of forests and trees in marginal areas, including mountains. A major study on sustainable mountain development in the region will be undertaken.
864. Information about the role of forests in carbon sequestration and climate change will be disseminated, and national and regional initiatives will be supported. In the realm of forestry policy, increased social and economic equity will be promoted, as well as improved well-being through participatory forestry. Discussion and collaboration on forest policy and related technical issues will be supported, including
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 281
participation in the UNFF and other global processes, support to national implementation of IPF/IFF actions, strengthening of the Latin American and Caribbean Forestry Commission (COFLAC), and active partnerships with other regional groups interested in forestry.
Sustainable Development865. While most Latin American and Caribbean countries have experienced major changes in rural institutions and support systems, decentralization to the local level generally needs to be improved. In addition, ownership concerning resources related to the agricultural sector remains a key issue, requiring clear and secure property rights. Specific aspects are: land markets, land rental, protection of biodiversity, and contract agriculture. Also, continuing inequality and rural poverty demand a wide array of corrective measures and the exchange of best practices among countries.
866. In this context, a number of planned activities are relevant:a) promotion of innovative approaches and preparation of tailored
education, extension and communication materials, in order to strengthen governmental and civil society organizations;
b) support to national systems for extension, education and communication for development by ensuring better use of human resources and making use of workshops, case studies and manuals for this purpose;
c) tools and information on incorporating gender dimensions in natural resources management, including pilot projects;
d) national training workshops on SEAGA;e) formulation of land transaction policies and institutional support to
improve access by the poor, as well as land tenure modifications to promote rural development under indigenous and common property resource management conditions;
f) enhancing local level capacities so that responsibilities associated with fiscal, administrative and political decentralization can be effectively carried out at that level;
g) dissemination of best practices and lessons learned in anti-poverty programmes;
h) indicators to assess the degree and quality of participation in rural development and food security projects and programmes, to be identified and disseminated; and
i) advice on institutional mechanisms for multi-stakeholder dialogue and collaboration, including through guidelines, training materials, and consultations.
Policy Assistance867. In this region, policy analysis and assistance work will need to give due emphasis to international trade issues, the sustainable management of natural resources, and the complex of measures needed to ensure balanced rural development, food security, poverty reduction and institutional reform.
282 Regional Dimensions
Near EastRegular Programme Trust
Programme Headquarters
Regional Country Total Fund Total
Offices Offices Activities
2.1
Agricultural Production and Support Systems
5,786 4,928 10 10,724 256,004
266,728
2.2
Food and Agriculture Policy and Development
3,199 1,464 8 4,671 2,406 7,077
2.3
Fisheries 2,234 566 18 2,818 1,528 4,346
2.4
Forestry 2,713 671 12 3,396 83 3,479
2.5
Contributions to Sustainable Development and Special Programme Thrusts
2,479 1,543 6 4,028 4,833 8,861
3.1
Policy Assistance 703 3,589 4 4,296 0 4,296
TOTAL 17,114
12,761
58 29,933
264,854
294,787
Agricultural Production and Support Systems868. The region will require considerable assistance for the rational management and conservation of land and water resources including optimisation of on-farm water management, the use of non-conventional water resources, improved irrigation technology and salinity control, drought mitigation and management, integrated soil and fertilizer management, conservation and rehabilitation of problem soils including salinity, and promotion of appropriate land use planning polices.
869. It will also benefit from activities geared to the proper use and preservation of range and pasture resources, e.g. assistance in the preparation and implementation of regional and national plans of action for sustainable range development; and a regional inventory of pastoral resources.
870. Within the framework of trade facilitation in agricultural produce and coordinated approaches to biosecurity, national phytosanitary regulatory systems will be strengthened, so as to protect Members from the introduction of new plant pests and to enable them to participate in international standard setting through the IPPC. Improved control of migratory pests will be achieved through the facilitation of coordination among countries, and the prevention and control of the desert locust through EMPRES.
871. The estimate under the column "Trust Fund Activities" is, of course, heavily influenced by the emergency Iraq programme.
872. Work on livestock will focus on the promotion of effective veterinary public health management and food safety, and facilitating the establishment and operation of the Animal Health Commission for the Near East. Assistance to marketing support systems and services and the
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 283
provision of improved rural finance services and capacity building in marketing and rural finance, will also continue as an area of particular interest to Members.
Food and Agriculture Policy and Development873. Food security remains a high priority concern in the region, requiring inter alia support to the establishment of FIVIMS at national level.
874. Other key aspects are: the dissemination of emergency and disaster preparedness methodologies; the implementation of national plans of action for nutrition; capacity building in nutrition education in schools; and methodologies and guidelines for household food security and nutrition strategies.
875. Advisory services will be provided to countries concerning access to the global WAICENT programme, AGRIS/CARIS and the strengthening of national information systems and networks.
Fisheries876. Activities to support fisheries development in the region are:
a) the promotion of norms, guidelines, and procedures for enhanced collection, storage, dissemination and sharing of fisheries information;
b) advice and technical support to governments and regional fisheries bodies on the sustainable intensification of aquaculture and inland fisheries production systems;
c) methodologies on integrated aquaculture-agriculture farming practices for sustainable rural livelihoods;
d) coordination and strengthening of regional fish marketing information networks; and
e) the testing and validation of improved coastal fisheries management systems.
877. FAO will continue to support the existing Regional Commission for Fisheries (RECOFI) and collaborate with other fisheries bodies or arrangements operating in the region.
Forestry878. All countries in the region are characterised by relatively low forest cover and an arid environment. Forests are, therefore, under intense pressure to meet the demands of local populations for wood products. While there is awareness of the critical social and ecological importance of conserving the remaining forests through improved management practices and the expansion the forest area, particularly through plantation forests, FAO will need to pursue its advocacy role on these issues, also supporting networks among countries in the region.
879. As relates to work on forest products, the sustainable development of forest industries will need to be supported. FAO will also support improved country and regional analyses of policy issues and institutional
284 Regional Dimensions
conditions, and assist countries to develop and implement effective national forest programmes.
Sustainable Development880. Bearing in mind the wide variations in resource endowment, income and levels of development among countries in the region, FAO will continue to promote adapted/applied research, suitable technologies for perishable food products, and the use of biotechnology and genetic engineering for small production systems. It will support cooperative networks in technology transfer and applied research and development.
881. Promotion of gender equality in economic development will include measures aimed at reducing rural women's workloads, and increasing equitable access to credit, technology and training opportunities, based on extensive needs. Assistance will be provided in the design of differentiated rural development strategies and programmes, especially for the rural poor, using participatory methods, and including the restructuring or strengthening of rural institutions.
Policy Assistance882. Besides the other typical outputs provided by the FAO decentralized policy assistance staff, such as enhanced country focus, field programme development, and assistance in the formulation of CCA and UNDAF documents, this region will require policy advice relating particularly to international trade issues and to the sustainable use of natural resources, especially water.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 285
AcronymsACC Administrative Committee on CoordinationACFR Advisory Committee on Fisheries ResearchACPAQ Advisory Committee on Post Adjustment QuestionsAEZ Agro-ecological zoneAF Administration and Finance DepartmentAfDB African Development BankAFF Finance DivisionAFI Information Systems and Technology DivisionAFP Personnel DivisionAFS Administrative Services DivisionAG Agriculture DepartmentAGE Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and
AgricultureAGLINET Worldwide Network of Agricultural LibrariesAGP Plant Production and Protection DivisionAGRIS International Information System for the Agricultural Sciences
and TechnologyAGROMET Agrometeorology GroupAGROVOC Multilingual Thesaurus of Agricultural TerminologyAGS Agricultural Support Systems DivisionAI Artificial inseminationAnGR Animal genetic resourcesAOS Administrative and operational support servicesAPFIC Asia-Pacific Fishery CommissionAPO Associate Professional OfficerAPPPC Asia and Pacific Plant Protection Commission AQUASTAT Rural Water Statistical SystemARTEMIS Africa Real-Time Environmental Monitoring Information SystemAsDB Asian Development BankASMC After Service Medical Coverage AUD Office of the Inspector-GeneralCARIS Current Agricultural Research Information SystemCBD Convention on Biological DiversityCCA Common Country AssessmentCCAQ Consultative Committee on Administrative Questions
286 Acronyms
CCC Corporate Communication CommitteeCCD Convention to Combat Desertification (UN)CCLM Committee on Constitutional and Legal MattersCCP Committee on Commodity ProblemsCCPOQ Consultative Committee on Programme and Operational
QuestionsCECAF Fishery Committee for the Eastern Central AtlanticCEE(C) Central and Eastern European (country)CFC Common Fund for CommoditiesCFS Committee on World Food SecurityCGIAR Consultative Group on International Agricultural ResearchCGRFA Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and AgricultureCIFA Committee for Inland Fisheries of AfricaCOAG Committee on AgricultureCOAIM Consultation on Agricultural Information ManagementCOFI Committee on FisheriesCOFO Committee on ForestryCOPESCAL Commission for Inland Fisheries of Latin AmericaCP Continuing programme activityCPF Collaborative Partnership on ForestsCSD Commission on Sustainable Development (UN)CSO Civil society organizationCSSD Consultative Sub-committee on Surplus DisposalEASTFISH Fish Marketing Information Centre for Eastern and Central
EuropeEBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and DevelopmentEC European CommunityECA European Commission on AgricultureECDC Economic Cooperation among Developing CountriesECE Economic Commission for Europe (UN)ECG Emergency Coordination Group (FAO)ECOSOC Economic and Social CouncilEIFAC European Inland Fisheries Advisory CommissionEMPRES Emergency Prevention System for Transboundary Animal and
Plant Pests and DiseasesES Economic and Social DepartmentESC Commodities and Trade DivisionESN Food and Nutrition Division
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 287
EU European UnionFAOINFO FAO Information DatabaseFAOR FAO RepresentativeFAOSTAT Corporate Database for Substantive Statistical DataFARM-Net Farm Information NetworksFAS Field Accounting SystemFBS Food balance sheetFCCC Framework Convention on Climate Change (UN)FI Fisheries DepartmentFIGIS Fisheries Global Information SystemFIP Fishery Policy and Planning DivisionFIVIMS Food Insecurity and Vulnerability Information and Mapping
SystemsFORIS Forestry Information SystemFPMIS Field Programme Management Information SystemFRA Forest resources assessmentGEF Global Environment FacilityGFAR Global Forum on Agricultural ResearchGFCM General Fisheries Commission for the MediterraneanGI General Affairs and Information DepartmentGIC Conference, Council and Protocol Affairs DivisionGIEWS Global Information and Early Warning SystemGII Information DivisionGIL Library and Documentation Systems DivisionGIS Geographical Information SystemGLOBEFISH Computerized System of Fish Marketing InformationGMO Genetically modified organismGPA Global Plan of ActionGREP Global Rinderpest Eradication ProgrammeGTOS Global Terrestrial Observing SystemGTZ German Agency for Technical CooperationHACCP Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (System)IAEA International Atomic Energy AgencyIARC International Agricultural Research CentreIAWG Inter-agency Working GroupICES International Council for the Exploration of the SeaICN International Conference on Nutrition
288 Acronyms
ICPM Interim Committee on Phytosanitary Measures ICSC International Civil Service CommissionICT Information and communication technologyIDA International Development AssociationIDB Inter-American Development BankIFAD International Fund for Agricultural DevelopmentIFF Intergovernmental Forum on ForestsIFI International Financing InstitutionIGAD Inter-Governmental Authority on DevelopmentIGO Intergovernmental OrganizationILO International Labour OrganizationINFOCRIS International Food Contaminant and Residue Information SystemINFONetworkFish Marketing Information ServicesINPhO Information Network on Post-Harvest OperationsIOTC Indian Ocean Tuna CommissionIPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeIPF Intergovernmental Panel on ForestsIPM Integrated Pest ManagementIPOA International Plan of ActionIPPC International Plant Protection ConventionIPTRID International Programme for Technology and Research in
Irrigation and DrainageIRC International Rice CommissionIsDB Islamic Development BankISP Investment Support ProgrammeITWG Intergovernmental Technical Working GroupIUCN World Conservation UnionIUFRO International Union of Forestry Research OrganizationsIYM International Year of Mountains (2002)JIU Joint Inspection UnitLACFC Latin American and Caribbean Forestry CommissionLDCs Least developed countriesLEG Legal OfficeLIFDC Low-income, Food-deficit CountryMOU Memorandum of UnderstandingMRL Maximum residue limitMSS Management Support Service
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 289
MSU Management Support UnitMTN Multilateral trade negotiationsMTP Medium Term PlanNARS National Agricultural Research SystemsNERICA New Rice for AfricaNGO Non-governmental OrganizationNPO National Professional OfficerNWFP Non-wood forest productsOCD Office for Coordination of Normative, Operational and
Decentralized ActivitiesODG Office of the Director-GeneralOECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and DevelopmentOIE International Office of EpizooticsPAAT Programme Against African TrypanosomiasisPAIA Priority Area for Inter-disciplinary ActionPATTEC Pan African Tsetse and Trypanosomosis Eradication Campaign
(IAEA/OAU)PBE Office of Programme, Budget and EvaluationPER Programme Evaluation ReportPGRFA Plant Genetic Resources for Food and AgriculturePIC Prior Informed ConsentPIF Project Identification FacilityPIR Programme Implementation ReportPLANSYS Computerized Programme Planning and Budgeting SystemPOP Persistent Organic PollutantPOPDYN Population Dynamic Database (FI)PWB Programme of Work and BudgetRAF Regional Office for AfricaRAP Regional Office for Asia and the PacificRECOFI Regional Commission for Fisheries REFORGEN Global Information System on Forest Genetic ResourcesREU Regional Office for EuropeRG Real growthRLC Regional Office for Latin America and the CaribbeanRNE Regional Office for the Near EastSAD Special Advisers to the Director-GeneralSADC Southern African Development Community
290 Acronyms
SAFR Sub-regional Office for Southern and East AfricaSARD Sustainable Agriculture and Rural DevelopmentSD Sustainable Development DepartmentSDA Rural Development DivisionSDR Research, Extension and Training DivisionSDW Gender and Population DivisionSEAGA Socioeconomic and Gender AnalysisSFI Soil Fertility InitiativeSIS Seed Information SystemSIT Sterile insect techniqueSOFA State of Food and AgricultureSOFI State of Food Insecurity in the WorldSOFIA State of the World Fisheries and AquacultureSOFO State of the World's ForestsSPFS Special Programme for Food SecurityTAC Technical Advisory CommitteeTAC Total Allowable CatchTAD Transboundary animal diseaseTC Technical Cooperation DepartmentTCA Policy Assistance DivisionTCCT Technical Cooperation among Countries in TransitionTCDC Technical Cooperation among Developing CountriesTCI Investment Centre DivisionTCO Field Operations DivisionTCP Technical Cooperation ProgrammeTEMS Terrestrial Ecosystem Monitoring SitesTP Technical projectTS Technical services agreementTSS Technical support servicesUN United NationsUNCDF United Nations Capital Development FundUNCED United Nations Conference on Environment and DevelopmentUNDAF United Nations Development Assistance FrameworkUNDG United Nations Development GroupUNDP United Nations Development ProgrammeUNEP United Nations Environment ProgrammeUNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 291
UNFF United Nations Forum on ForestsUNFPA United Nations Population FundUNGA United Nations General AssemblyUNIDO United Nations Industrial Development OrganizationUNJSPB United Nations Joint Staff Pension BoardUSDA United States Department of AgricultureUTF Unilateral Trust FundVERCON Virtual Extension Research Communication NetworksVPN Virtual Private NetworkWAICENT World Agricultural Information CentreWAIR World Agriculture Information Resource SystemWAN Wide Area NetworkWECAFC Western Central Atlantic Fishery CommissionWFD World Food DayWFP World Food ProgrammeWFS World Food SummitWHO World Health OrganizationWIEWS World Information and Early Warning System on Plant Genetic
ResourcesWTO World Trade OrganizationZNG Zero nominal growthZRG Zero real growth
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 293
AnnexesList of AnnexesAnnex I Regular Programme-funded New Posts and Abolitions
Annex II Information Products Revolving Fund
Annex III
List of Scheduled Sessions
Other Annexes are available for consultation on FAO's website at the address: http://www.fao.org/pwb.
SNEA P-4 Desert Locust and Migratory Pests Officer (from RAF)
302 Annex II
Annex II: Information Products Revolving Fund
2002-03 Budgeted Income and Expenditure Statement (at 2000-01 costs)(Established under the provisions of Financial Regulation 6.9)
Estimated Income US$ Estimated Expenditures US$
To Miscellaneous Income 2002-03 0Brought forward from 2000-01 as capital in Fund
50 000
Printing costs 200 000Sales promotion and handling, catalogues leaflets, exhibits, fairs etc.
258 400
Sales of Publications in 2002-03 1 600 000
Personnel services 1 141 600
1 x P-4 Sales and Promotion Officer1 x P-4 Accountant (½ of cost)1 x G-6 Sales Supervisor2 x G-4 Clerk (Order Processing)1 x G-4 Clerk (Income Processing)1 x G-4 Clerk (Sales Promotion)1 x G-3 Photo Technician1 x G-3 Clerk (Order Processing)
Carried forward to 2004-05 as capital in Fund
50 000
TOTAL 1 650 000 TOTAL 1 650 000
The operations and structure of the IPRF are currently under review. The above establishment is, therefore, tentative and may vary, taking into account the level of resources likely to be available.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 303
304 Annex III
Annex III: List of Scheduled Sessions883. This Annex comprises the official list of scheduled sessions, as done hitherto, complementing the more comprehensive list of “outputs” (including Meetings) which can be consulted on the FAO’s Internet website. The information is presented in programme sequence, covering all sessions scheduled under the Programme of Work for the 2002-03 biennium, with details of the session number, the title of the session, the Article of the Constitution under which the session is convened, the category, languages, attendance and estimated direct cost. Direct costs comprise salaries, per diem and travel of temporary staff, staff interpreters and operators, hospitality and local operating expenses. Other costs, such as for the preparation of documentation, are not included as a cost of the meeting. For sessions pertaining to Chapter 2 of the Programme of Work and Budget, the entity number is also given, so as to provide an easy reference to the description of activities in the Programme Budget section.
884. The division/session number includes the symbol of the responsible division or Regional/Sub-regional Office. Sessions are identified by three-digit numbers according to the following criteria:
Session Numbers Description
Numbers from 700-799
These numbers are allocated to Statutory Bodies and their subsidiaries. The numbering of the sessions of the same body is represented by an additional figure separated by a hyphen.
Numbers from 900-999
These numbers are given to inter-country training courses, seminars, workshops, study tours and other group-training activities. Recurring courses of seminars are identified by an additional figure separated by a hyphen.
Numbers from 800-899
These numbers are given to all other sessions (including ad hoc activities) which do not fall within the 700 or 900 series.
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 305
885. The four categories defining the type of session are as follows:Category Description
Cat. 1 Intergovernmental meetings to which Member Governments send official delegations. These include sessions of the Conference and Council, of subsidiary bodies of the Council and of the bodies established under the Constitution, and also a considerable portion of the ad hoc meetings convened on technical and economic matters wherein policy matters are involved. Such meetings may also be attended by observers from Member Nations, non-Member Nations, and international intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations having established relations with FAO, in accordance with the General Rules of the Organization and with the "Principles" set out in Volume II of the Basic Texts. Consultants may be used by FAO in such meetings to assist the Secretariat in various ways, including the introduction of agenda items.
Cat. 2 Meetings to deal with technical and/or economic matters attended by experts designated by Member Governments and by observers as listed under Category 1 above, where the participants would not be expected to take decisions on behalf of the governments having designated them. Suitable arrangements may be worked out, in consultation with governments, for participation by representatives of national institutions, including parastatal and private institutions. Consultants may be used by FAO in such meetings to assist the Secretariat in various ways, including the introduction of agenda items.
Cat. 3 Sessions of panels, committees and working parties of experts, composed of individuals selected by FAO in their personal capacity, and who normally participate at FAO expense.
Cat. 4 Seminars, training courses, workshops and other group-training activities, attended primarily by government-designated experts selected by the Director-General and participating at FAO expense.
886. The type of attendance in the table is defined as follows:Code Description
GOV Government representatives (for Category 1 meetings) and government experts designated by FAO Member Nations (for Category 2 meetings).
ISE Individual experts serving in a personal capacity.
GDE Government-designated experts.
887. There are 232 sessions included in the list. The direct cost of these meetings, at 2000-01 rates, amount to US$ 5,863,820. Of this, an estimated US$ 2,830,600 (for sessions of the Conference, Regional Conferences, the Council and its subsidiary bodies) is budgeted under Programme 1.1.1, Conference and Council. Direct costs of other meetings are estimated to be US$ 3,303,220.
306 Annex III
List of Scheduled Sessions for 2002-03
Division Session Title Art of Const. (Category) Lang. Attend.
1.1.1.1 TOTAL 824 0001.1.1.2CouncilCC 702-123 Council (123rd Session) V 1 ACEFS GOV 268 000CC 702-124 Council (124th Session) V 1 ACEFS GOV 264 000CC 702-125 Council (125th Session) V 1 ACEFS GOV 125 000CC 702-126 Council (126th Session) V 1 ACEFS GOV 40 000
1.1.1.4 TOTAL 259 0001.1.1.5Committee on Constitutional and Legal MattersCC 705-73 Committee on Constitutional and Legal Matters
(CCLM) (73rd Session)V-6 1 AEFS GOV 15 000
CC 705-74 Committee on Constitutional and Legal Matters (CCLM) (74th Session)
V-6 1 AEFS GOV 15 000
CC 705-75 Committee on Constitutional and Legal Matters (CCLM) (75th Session)
V-6 1 AEFS GOV 15 000
CC 705-76 Committee on Constitutional and Legal Matters (CCLM) (76th Session)
V-6 1 AEFS GOV 15 000
1.1.1.5 TOTAL 60 0001.1.1.7Regional ConferencesRAF 706-22 Regional Conference for Africa (ARC) (22nd
Session)VI-5 1 AEFS GOV 183 000
RAP 708-26 Regional Conference for Asia and the Pacific (APRC) (26th Session)
VI-5 1 CEF GOV 245 000
REU 709-23 Regional Conference for Europe (ERC) (23rd Session)
VI-5 1 EFGS GOV 76 000
RLC 710-27 FAO Regional Conference for Latin America and the Caribbean (LARC) (27th Session)
VI-5 1 EFS GOV 137 600
RNE 711-26 Near East Regional Conference (NERC) (26th Session)
VI-5 1 AEF GOV 90 000
1.1.1.7 TOTAL 731 600
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 307
List of Scheduled Sessions for 2002-03
Division Session Title Art of Const. (Category) Lang. Attend.
Estimated Direct Cost
US$
2.1.0.A1 Sustainable Intensification of Integrated Production SystemsAGA 812 Meeting on Good Farming Practices: Leading the
transition to Sustainable AgricultureVI-5 2 ACEFS GOV 20 000
RAP 801 Expert Consultation on Total Factor Productivity Analysis in Rice-based System
VI-4 3 E ISE 3 000
RAP 813 Expert Consultation on Proven and Adopted Soil and Moisture Conservation Practices in Rainfed Production System
VI-4 3 E ISE 3 000
2.1.0.A1 TOTAL 26 0002.1.0.P1 Secretariat of the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (CGRFA)AGD 702-2 Panel of Eminent Experts on Ethics in Food and
Agriculture (2nd Session)VI-4 4 ACEFS GDE 31 000
AGD 725-10 Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (10th Session)
VI-1 1 ACEFS GOV 140 500
2.1.0.P1 TOTAL 171 5002.1.0.S1 Committee on Agriculture (COAG)COAG 701-17 Committee on Agriculture (COAG) (17th
Session)V-6 1 ACEFS GOV 92 000
2.1.0.S1 TOTAL 92 0002.1.1.A2 Land and Soil ProductivityRAP 808 Expert Consultation on Agro-ecological Zoning
for Land Resource Appraisal - An Application Workshop
VI-4 3 E ISE 3 000
RAP 818 Expert Consultation on Efficient Crop Zoning in Land Use Allocation
VI-4 3 E ISE 3 000
2.1.1.A2 TOTAL 6 0002.1.1.A4 Waterlogging and Salinity Control, Environmental Effects of Irrigation and Reclamation of Problem SoilsRAF 901 Sub-Regional Seminar on Participatory Training
and extension in On-Farm Water Management with Reference to SPFS
4 F GDE 4 000
RAF 902 Workshop on Water Quality Management for safe (Peri)-Urban Irrigation in West Africa
4 EF GDE 20 000
2.1.1.A4 TOTAL 24 0002.1.1.P7 Land and Water Information Systems, Databases and StatisticsRAF 801 Expert Consultation on Soil Correlation in
Eastern and Southern Africa (EASCO)VI-4 3 EF ISE 10 000
RAF 802 Expert Consultation on Soil Correlation in West and Central Africa (WASCO)
VI-4 3 EF ISE 10 000
RAF 809 Expert Consultation on Land Degradation Control for Sustainable Agriculture Production in West and Central Africa
VI-4 3 EF ISE 10 000
2.1.1.P7 TOTAL 30 0002.1.1.P8 Knowledge Management and PartnershipsRNE 708-2 Agricultural Land and Water Use Commission for
the Near East (2nd Session)VI-1 1 AE GOV 50 000
2.1.1.P8 TOTAL 50 0002.1.2.A3 Strategies and Technologies for Sustainable Crop and Grassland Production Systems
308 Annex III
List of Scheduled Sessions for 2002-03
Division Session Title Art of Const. (Category) Lang. Attend.
Estimated Direct Cost
US$
RAP 816 Expert Consultation on Sustainable Field Food Crop Development
VI-4 3 E ISE 2 000
2.1.2.A3 TOTAL 2 0002.1.2.P1 Secretariat of the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC)AGP 728-5 Interim Standards Committee (5th Session) (Ex.
CEPM)VI-4 3 E ISE 1 000
AGP 728-6 Interim Standards Committee (6th Session) (Ex CEPM)
VI-4 3 E ISE 1 000
AGP 728-7 Interim Standards Committee (7th Session) VI-4 3 E ISE 1 000AGP 728-8 Interim Standards Committee (8th Session) VI-4 3 E ISE 1 000AGP 729-4 Interim Commission on Phytosanitary Measures
(4th Session)VI-4 1 ACEFS GOV 64 800
AGP 729-5 Interim Commission on Phytosanitary Measures (5th Session)
RAP 704-23 Asia and Pacific Plant Protection Commission (APPPC) (23rd Session)
XIV 1 E GOV 5 000
RAP 806 Expert Consultation on Draft Regional Standards for Phytosanitary Measures
VI-4 3 E ISE 3 000
RAP 809 Expert Consultation on Strengthening Land Border Plant Quarantine Facilities in Asian Countries
VI-4 3 E ISE 3 000
RAP 817 Expert Consultation on Capacity Building Towards Monitoring and Management of Migratory and Invasive Insect and Other Animal Pests
VI-4 3 E ISE 3 000
2.1.2.P1 TOTAL 151 6002.1.2.P2 Pesticide ManagementAGP 716-27 Joint Meeting of the FAO Panel of Experts on
Pesticide Residues in Food and the Environment & WHO Toxicological Core Assessment Group on Pesticide Residues (27th Session)
VI-4 3 E ISE 2 750
AGP 716-28 Joint Meeting of the FAO Panel of Experts on Pesticide Residues in Food and Environment and the WHO Toxicological Core Assessment Group on Pesticides Residues (28th Session)
VI-4 3 E ISE 1 000
AGP 717-6 FAO Panel of Experts on Pesticides Specifications, Registration Requirements, Applications Standards and Prior Informed Consent (6th Session)
V1-4 3 E ISE 600
AGP 717-7 FAO Panel of Experts on Pesticides Specifications, Registration Requirements, Application Standards and Prior Informed Consent (7th Session)
VI-4 3 E ISE 2 440
AGP 717-8 FAO Panel of Experts on Pesticide Specifications, Registration Requirements, Application Standards and Prior Informed Consent (8th Session)
V1-4 3 E ISE 600
AGP 717-9 FAO Panel of Experts on Pesticide Specifications, Registration Requirements,
V1-4 3 E ISE 0
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 309
List of Scheduled Sessions for 2002-03
Division Session Title Art of Const. (Category) Lang. Attend.
Estimated Direct Cost
US$
Application Standards and Prior Informed Consent (9th Session)
AGP 811-9 9th Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC) for the PIC Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade
VI-5 2 ACEFS GOV 0
AGP 811-10 10th Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC) for the PIC Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade
VI-5 2 ACEFS GOV 90 000
AGP 815-3 3rd Interim Chemical Review Committee (ICRC/PIC)
VI-5 2 E GOV 0
AGP 815-4 4th Interim Chemical Review Committee (ICRC/PIC)
VI-5 2 E GOV 3 500
AGP 817 Expert Consultation on Weed Risk Assessment VI-4 3 E ISE 4 900RAP 812 Expert Consultation on the Formulation of Plant
Pest Management Curriculum Module Towards the Streams of Bachelor Degree Award
VI-4 3 E ISE 3 000
RAP 814 Expert Consultation on the Development of Bio-Pesticides Use in Plant Pest Management
VI-4 3 E ISE 3 000
2.1.2.P2 TOTAL 111 7902.1.2.P3 Migratory Pest ManagementAGP 701-23 Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in
the Eastern Region of its Distribution Area in South West Asia (23rd Session)
XIV 1 E GOV 0
AGP 704-23 Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region (23rd Session)
XIV 1 AE GOV 0
AGP 706-24 Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in North-West Africa (24th Session)
XIV 1 AF GOV 0
AGP 713-37 FAO Desert Locust Control Committee (37th Session)
VI-2 1 AEF GOV 0
2.1.2.P3 TOTAL 02.1.2.P4 Support to the FAO Global System on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (PGRFA)AGP 813 2nd Session of the Intergovernmental Working
Group on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITWG/PGRFA)
VI-5 2 ACEFS GOV 47 000
2.1.2.P4 TOTAL 47 0002.1.2.P5 Support to Strategy Formulation and Promotion of Specific Action for Rice Development in Member Countries of the International Rice Commission (IRC)AGP 723-20 International Rice Commission (20th Session) XIV 1 EFS GOV 31 000
2.1.2.P5 TOTAL 31 0002.1.3.A5 Developing the Global Strategy for the Management of Farm Animal Genetic ResourcesAGA 712-3 Intergovernmental Technical Working Group on
Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture(3rd session)
VI-1 2 ACEFS GOV 32 500
2.1.3.A5 TOTAL 32 5002.1.3.A6 Veterinary Public Health Management and Food and Feed SafetyAGA 811 Expert Consultation on Alternative Protein Feeds
for the Livestock IndustryVI-4 3 E ISE 0
310 Annex III
List of Scheduled Sessions for 2002-03
Division Session Title Art of Const. (Category) Lang. Attend.
Estimated Direct Cost
US$
2.1.3.A6 TOTAL 02.1.3.A7 EMPRES – LivestockAGA 701-35 European Commission for Foot-and-Mouth
Disease Control (EUFMD) (35th Session)XIV 1 E GOV 0
AGA 705 Session of the Research Group of Standing Committee of the European Commission for Foot and Mouth Disease Control (EUFMD) (2 Sessions)
XIV 3 E ISE 0
AGA 803 Expert Consultation on Early Warning Systems for Transboundary Animal Disease (2 Sessions)s
VI-4 3 EF ISE 18 000
AGA 807 67th Session of the Executive Committee of EUFMD
XIV 1 EF GOV 0
AGA 807 68th Session of the Executive Committee of EUFMD
XIV 1 EF GOV 0
AGA 807 69th Session of the Executive Committee of the EUFMD
XIV 1 EF GOV 0
AGA 808 Technical Consultation on Contagious Bovine Pleuro Pneumonia (CBPP)
VI-5 2 EF GOV 12 000
AGA 809 Technical Consultation on Transboundary Animal Diseases - TADs
VI-5 2 EF GOV 12 000
RNE 709-1 Animal Health Commission for the Near East(1st Session)
XV 1 AE GOV 40 000
2.1.3.A7 TOTAL 82 0002.1.3.A9 Environmental Management of Insect Borne DiseasesAGA 709 Panel of PAAT Advisory Group Coordinators
(2 Sessions)VI-4 3 E ISE 7 500
AGA 804-8 8th Committee of the Programme against African Trypanosomiasis
VI-4 3 E ISE 2 500
AGA 804-9 9th Committee of the Programme against African Trypanosomiasis
VI-4 3 E ISE 2 500
RAF 806 Technical Consultation on African Trypanosomiasis in East and Southern Africa
VI-5 2 E GOV 5 300
RAF 808 Technical Consultation on African Trypanosomiasis in Central and West Africa
VI-5 2 EF GOV 18 000
2.1.3.A9 TOTAL 35 8002.1.3.P1 Global Livestock Information System and Knowledge FrameworkRAP 702-26 Regional Animal Production and Health
Commission for Asia and the Pacific (APHCA) (26th Session)
XIV 1 E GOV 3 000
RAP 702-27 Regional Animal Production and Health Commission for Asia and the Pacific (APHCA) (27th Session)
XIV 1 E GOV 3 000
2.1.3.P1 TOTAL 6 0002.1.3.S1 Advice to Member Countries and Support to the Field ProgrammeRLC 703-8 Commission of Livestock Development for Latin
America and the Caribbean (8th Session)VI-1 1 ES GOV 29 000
2.1.3.S1 TOTAL 29 0002.2.1.A1 Human Nutrition RequirementsESN 801 Joint FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation on
Protein and Amino Acids in Human NutritionVI-4 3 E ISE 0
2.2.1.A1 TOTAL 0
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 311
List of Scheduled Sessions for 2002-03
Division Session Title Art of Const. (Category) Lang. Attend.
Estimated Direct Cost
US$
2.2.1.A2 Nutrition Improvement for Sustainable DevelopmentRAP 820 Regional Expert Consultation of the Asia-Pacific
Network for Food and Nutrition on Food Composition Activities
VI-4 3 E ISE 2 500
2.2.1.A2 TOTAL 2 5002.2.1.P1 Food Composition (INFOODS)ESN 807 Expert Consultation on Harmonization for Food
2.2.1.P6 TOTAL 4 0002.2.2.A1 Food Insecurity and Vulnerability Information and Mapping System (FIVIMS)RAP 811 Regional Expert Consultation of the Asia-Pacific
Network for Food and Nutrition on the Status of FIVIMS Initiatives
VI-4 3 E ISE 2 500
2.2.2.A1 TOTAL 2 5002.2.2.P3 Agricultural Statistics DevelopmentRAF 701-18 African Commission on Agricultural Statistics
(AFCAS)(18th Session)
VI-1 1 EF GOV 62 000
2.2.2.P3 TOTAL 62 0002.2.2.S1 Technical Support Services to Member Nations and the Field ProgrammeESS 704-26 FAO/ECE/CES Study Group on Food and
Agricultural Statistics in Europe (26th Session)VI-1 1 EF GOV 0
ESS 705-22 Working Group (FAO-OEA-CIE/IICA) on Agricultural and Livestock Statistics for Latin America and the Caribbean (22nd Session)
VI-2 3 ES ISE 0
2.2.2.S1 TOTAL 02.2.2.S2 Assistance to Countries in Capacity Building for Agriculture and Food Information through WAICENTGIL 804 Consultation on Agricultural Information
Management (COAIM)VI-5 2 ACEFS GOV 44 750
2.2.2.S2 TOTAL 44 7502.2.4.P4 International Action on Commodity and Trade IssuesESC 701-64 Committee on Commodity Problems (64th
Session)V-6 1 ACEFS GOV 52 680
ESC 702 Consultative Sub-Committee on Surplus Disposal (4 Sessions in 2003)
V-6 1 E GOV 7 500
ESC 702 Consultative Sub-Group on Surplus Disposal (4 Sessions in 2002)
V-6 1 E GOV 7 500
ESC 703-41 Intergovernmental Group on Rice (41st Session) V-6 1 AEFS GOV 13 350ESC 706-8 Sub-Group on Hides and Skins (8th Session) V-6 1 AEFS GOV 17 750ESC 709-30 Intergovernmental Group on Grains (30th V-6 1 AEFS GOV 11 100
314 Annex III
List of Scheduled Sessions for 2002-03
Division Session Title Art of Const. (Category) Lang. Attend.
Estimated Direct Cost
US$
Session)ESC 710-13 Intergovernmental Group on Citrus (13th
Session)V-6 1 EFS GOV 17 250
ESC 712-34 Intergovernmental Group on Jute, Kenaf and Allied Fibres (34th Session)
V-6 1 EFS GOV 17 250
ESC 714-30 Intergovernmental Group on Oilseeds, Oils and Fats(30th Session)
V-6 1 AEFS GOV 24 750
ESC 716-3 Intergovernmental Group on Bananas and Tropical Fruits (3rd Session)
V-6 1 EFS GOV 17 250
ESC 720-32 Intergovernmental Group on Hard Fibres (32nd Session)
V-6 1 EFS GOV 17 250
ESC 722-15 Intergovernmental Group on Tea (15th Session) V-6 1 EFS GOV 17 250ESC 727-19 Intergovernmental Group on Meat (19th
Session)V-6 1 AEFS GOV 24 750
2.2.4.P4 TOTAL 245 6302.2.4.S1 Technical Support Services to Member Nations and the Field ProgrammeESA 728-28 Committee on World Food Security (CFS) (28th
Session)V-6 1 ACEFS GOV 56 000
ESA 728-29 Committee on World Food Security (CFS) (29th Session)
V-6 1 ACEFS GOV 56 000
REU 701-32 European Commission on Agriculture (32nd Session)
VI-1 1 EFS GOV 14 400
2.2.4.S1 TOTAL 126 4002.3.1.P1 Provision of Fisheries Information and StatisticsFI 751-20 Coordinating Working Party on Fishery Statistics
(CWP)(20th Session)
VI-2 1 E GOV 0
FI 811 Technical Consultation on Status and Trends Reporting
VI-5 2 ACEFS GOV 63 000
2.3.1.P1 TOTAL 63 0002.3.1.S1 Advice and Technical Support to Member Nations and Regional Fisheries BodiesSAFR 802 Technical Consultation on the Management of
the Fisheries of Lake KaribaVI-5 2 E GOV 3 000
SLAC 739-11 Western Central Atlantic Fishery Commission – (WECAFC) (11th Session)
VI-1 1 EFS GOV 32 750
SLAC 749-2 WECAF Scientific Advisory Group (2nd Session) VI-1 3 ES ISE 28 500SLAC 766-8 WECAFC Committee for Development of
Fisheries in Lesser Antilles (8th Session)VI-1 1 EF GOV 13 250
2.3.1.S1 TOTAL 77 5002.3.2.A1 Promotion of Responsible Inland Fisheries and AquacultureFI 813 Expert Consultation on Policies and Regulatory
Frameworks for Safe Trans-boundary Movement of Live Aquatic Animals
VI-4 3 E ISE 1 000
FI 823 Expert Consultation on Assessment of Caspian Sea Stock Enhancement Programmes
VI-4 3 E ISE 0
FI 824 Expert Consultation on Eco-Regional Assessment and Management for Sustainable Inland Fish Production
VI-4 3 E ISE 1 000
SAFR 801 Technical Consultation on the Fisheries of Lake Malawi
VI-5 2 E GOV 3 000
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 315
List of Scheduled Sessions for 2002-03
Division Session Title Art of Const. (Category) Lang. Attend.
Estimated Direct Cost
US$
2.3.2.A1 TOTAL 5 0002.3.2.A2 Increased Contribution of Aquaculture and Inland Fisheries to Food SecurityFI 805 Expert Consultation on Integrated Irrigation and
AquacultureVI-4 3 E ISE 1 000
FI 810 Ad hoc Working Group on Aquaculture in the Sahel
VI-5 2 E GOV 1 000
FI 822 Expert Consultation on Land and Water Use in Aquaculture
VI-4 3 E ISE 0
FI 825 Expert Consultation on Aquaculture Education, Training and Extension: Challenges and Opportunities for South-South Cooperation Programme
VI-4 3 E ISE 0
FI 901 Workshop on Small-Scale Aquaculture 4 E GDE 1 0002.3.2.A2 TOTAL 3 000
2.3.2.P1 Global Monitoring and Strategic Analysis of Inland Fisheries and AquacultureFI 702-1 COFI Sub-Committee on Aquaculture (1st
Session)VI-1 1 ACEFS GOV 60 500
FI 702-2 COFI Sub-Committee on Aquaculture (2nd Session)
VI-1 1 ACEFS GOV 62 250
FI 817 Expert Consultation on Improvement of Inland Fisheries Statistics
VI-4 3 E ISE 0
2.3.2.P1 TOTAL 122 7502.3.3.A4 Consumption, Safety and Quality of Fish ProductsFI 819 Expert Consultation on Advances in Fish Safety VI-4 3 E ISE 1 000
2.3.3.A4 TOTAL 1 0002.3.3.A5 Promotion of International Fish TradeFI 709-8 COFI Sub-Committee on Fish Trade (8th
Session)V-6 1 AEFS GOV 33 000
FI 818 Expert Consultation on Advances in Fish Marketing
VI-4 3 E ISE 1 000
FI 904 Workshop on Economic Implications of Changes in Fish Utilization and Trade
4 E GDE 0
2.3.3.A5 TOTAL 34 0002.3.4.P3 Economic and Social Analysis of Fishery and Aquaculture Policy and ManagementFI 812 Expert Consultation on Policy and Economic
Issues in the Transition to Responsible Fisheries in selected Asian Countries
VI-4 3 E ISE 1 000
FI 814 Expert Consultation on Reduction of Fishing Capacity
VI-4 3 E ISE 1 000
FI 815 Expert Consultation on the Use of Subsidies in the Fisheries Sector
VI-4 3 ES ISE 15 500
FI 820 Technical Consultation on the Use of Subsidies in the Fisheries Sector
VI-5 2 EFS GOV 32 000
FI 821 Expert Consultation on the Management of Shared Stocks
VI-4 3 E ISE 1 000
2.3.4.P3 TOTAL 50 5002.3.4.S1 Promotion and Strengthening of Regional Fisheries Bodies and Arrangements and Field Programme SupportFI 701-25 Committee on Fisheries (COFI) (25th Session) V-6 1 ACEFS GOV 107 000
316 Annex III
List of Scheduled Sessions for 2002-03
Division Session Title Art of Const. (Category) Lang. Attend.
Estimated Direct Cost
US$
FI 713-4 Advisory Committee on Fisheries Research (ACFR)(4th Session)
VI-2 3 E ISE 1 000
FI 714-1 ACFR Ad hoc Working Party on Small-Scale Fisheries(1st Session)
VI-2 3 E ISE 1 000
FI 714-2 ACFR Ad Hoc Working Party on Small-Scale Fisheries(2nd Session)
VI-2 3 E ISE 1 000
FI 716-27 General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM) (27th Session)
XIV 1 AEFS GOV 39 000
FI 720-5 GFCM Scientific Advisory Committee (5th Session)
XIV 1 AEFS GOV 39 000
FI 727-22 European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission (EIFAC) (22nd Session)
VI 1 EF GOV 15 500
FI 793 ACFR Ad hoc Working Party III VI-2 3 E ISE 1 000FI 801-4 4th EIFAC Executive Committee VI-1 1 E GOV 500FI 902 Regional Workshop I on the Adaptation of the
Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF) - South Pacific
4 E GDE 2 000
FI 903 Regional Workshop II on the Adaptation of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF) - Indian Ocean
4 EF GDE 25 200
RAF 710-3 CECAF Scientific Sub-Committee on Resources Evaluation (3rd Session)
VI-2 1 EFS GOV 8 700
RAF 710-4 CECAF Scientific Sub-Committee of the Central Atlantic on Resources Evaluation (4th Session)
VI-2 1 EFS GOV 18 000
RAF 740-16 Fishery Committee for the Eastern Central Atlantic (CECAF) (16th Session)
VI-2 1 EFS GOV 23 300
RAF 745-12 Committee for Inland Fisheries for Africa (CIFA)(12th Session)
RAP 807 Ad Hoc Working Group of Experts in Integrated Aquaculture Systems
VI-4 3 E ISE 3 500
RAP 822 Regional Expert Consultation on Marine Fisheries Data Collection
VI-4 3 E ISE 4 500
RLC 758-10 Commission for Inland Fisheries of Latin America (COPESCAL) (10th Session)
VI-1 1 ES GOV 44 000
RNE 739-2 Regional Commission for Fisheries (RECOFI)(2nd Session)
XIV 1 AE GOV 21 000
RNE 801 Meeting of Technical Workgroups of the Regional Commission for Fisheries (RECOFI)
XIV 1 AE GOV 21 000
SAFR 712-10 CIFA Sub-Committee for the Lake Tanganyika(10th Session)
VI-2 1 EF GOV 38 000
SAFR 780 Special Session of the South West Indian Ocean Fisheries Commission
VI-1 1 EF GOV 28 500
SAFR 803 Working Group of the South West Indian Ocean Fisheries Commission
VI-5 2 EF GOV 25 500
2.3.4.S1 TOTAL 498 7002.4.2.S1 Support to Field Projects and Advisory Services
Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 317
List of Scheduled Sessions for 2002-03
Division Session Title Art of Const. (Category) Lang. Attend.
Estimated Direct Cost
US$
FO 734-43 Advisory Committee on Paper and Wood Products(43rd Session)
VI-2 3 E ISE 3 000
2.4.2.S1 TOTAL 3 0002.4.4.S1 Support to Statutory Bodies and Liaison with the Regional OfficesFO 701-16 Committee on Forestry (COFO) (16th Session) V-6 1 ACEFS GOV 82 500FO 702-22 International Poplar Commission (IPC) (22nd
Session)XIV 1 EFS GOV 19 000
FO 720-21 North American Forest Commission (21st Session)
VI-1 1 EFS GOV 31 000
FO 726-31 European Forestry Commission (31st Session) VI-1 1 EFS GOV 44 500FO 731-19 AFWC/EFC/NEFC Committee on Mediterranean
RLC 713-22 Latin American and Caribbean Forestry Commission (LACFC) (22nd Session)
VI-1 1 ES GOV 50 200
RNE 718-15 Near East Forestry Commission – NEFC (15th Session)
VI-I 1 AE GOV 36 500
2.4.4.S1 TOTAL 374 0002.5.2.P1 Promotion of Gender and Population in Policies, Legislation and Civil InstitutionsRAP 815 Technical Consultation on Gender Data and
Policies for Rural LivelihoodVI-5 2 E GOV 2 000
RAP 819 Expert Consultation on Distance Education Programmes for Rural Women
VI-4 3 E ISE 2 000
RAP 823 Conference on Rural Women in Knowledge Society
VI-5 2 E GOV 5 000
REU 704-11 ECA Working Party on Women and the Family in Rural Development (11th Session)
VI-1 1 E GOV 0
2.5.2.P1 TOTAL 9 0002.5.3.A2 Improved Rural Institutions and Services to Promote Sustainable Rural LivelihoodsRAP 901 Regional Workshop on Decentralized
Participatory Planning and Institution Building 4 E GDE 3 000
RAP 902 Workshop of Trainers on Institutional Reforms and New Role of Farmers and Community Organizations
4 E GDE 3 000
2.5.3.A2 TOTAL 6 000Number of Meetings 232 Report Totals 5 863
