THE FINNISH CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION; STATE CRISIS MANAGEMENT MODEL AND SITUATION AWARENESSDIRECTOR OF GOVERNMENT SECURITY TIMO

HÄRKÖNEN

19.04.23

19.04.23

A Question of Language

• SAFETY = TURVALLISUUS in Finnish

• SECURITY = TURVALLISUUS in Finnish

19.04.23

BROAD SECURITY CONCEPT

Government Programme

Government Reporton the Finnish Security and Defence Policy

The Internal Security Programme

Government Resolution on the Strategy for Securing the Functions Vital to Society

The Concept ofTotal Defence

A safer community

19.04.23

The individual

National

Global

Threats which primarily affect the individual

Threats and phenomena which can primarily be affected by cooperation

among states

Threats which primarily focus on the state,

society and the people

The citizen’sbasic security

STRATEGY FOR SECURING

THE FUNCTIONS

VITAL TO SOCIETY

The security of the state,the society and the population

The security of the future of theEarth and its population

HIERARCHY OF THREATS AND RISKSHIERARCHY OF THREATS AND RISKS

THE INTERNAL SECURITY PROGRAMME

GOVERNMENTS REPORTON THE FINNISH SECURITY

AND DEFENCE POLICY

19.04.23

The individual

Society

Internationalcommunity

Mar

gina

lizat

ion

Accid

ents

Alcoholism

Falling incidentsSm

oking

Inse

curityA

tmosp

heri

c

warm

ing

Inte

rnat

ional

terr

oris

m

Over-

population

Pro

lifera

tion

of

weap

on

s o

f mass

destru

ctio

n

Inte

rnatio

nal

org

anize

d

crime

Contamination

A disturbance in the electricity grid

Threats linked to migratory flows

Environmentalthreats

A serious disturbancein the functioning

of the economy

Political, economicand military pressure

The use of militaryforce

A serious disturbance affecting health and income security of the population

Ethniccrisis

Major accidents and natural disasters

Terrorism as well as organizedand other serious crime

Violentcrime

Insufficiency ofnatural resources

Desertification

The model is strongly simplified,there are also plenty of interdependences between layers

HIERARCHY OF THREATS AND RISKSHIERARCHY OF THREATS AND RISKS

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THE CONCEPT OF CRISIS MANAGEMENT

Threats and Risks

Disturbance ineconomy

TerrorismInformation network malfunction

Illegalimmigration

Pandemicdiseases

Environmentalthreats

Major accident

Extreme weatherphenomenon Pressure

Use of militarypower

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Resources at disposal

Resources withinadministration

NGOs andcitizens

Businesscommunity

EU and interna-tional resources

Securingfunctions

VitaL To society

Monitoringof security

environment

Assessingof

consequences

Reviewing ofcapabilitybuilding

Coordinationof

preparations

Coordinationof

resourcesdeployment

COOPERATION AND COORDINATION

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Ad-ministration(authorities)

Economic life

(companies)

People(NGO)

Needs of Security

Products and services

Foreign

Domestic

The significance of the companies in securing the functions vital to society is growing

PublicPrivate

Partnership

Legislative responsibility

ACTORS AND PARTNERS OF THE BROAD SECURITY AND THEIR ROLES

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National Board of Economic Defence

Sector for food supply

Sector for energy supply

Sector for transport and

logistics

Sector for the information

society

Sector for health services

Critical actors, c 2000

Central Section

• Agri- and aqua- culture Pool• Foodstuffs Industry Pool• Retail and Distribution Pool

• Electronics Industry Pool • Printing Industry Pool• Communications Networks Pool• Information Technology Pool • Mass Communi- cations Pool• Regional Pool

• Air Transport Pool• Surface Transport Pool - regional commissions• Maritime Transport Pool

• Public Health Pool• Water and Sanitation Pool

• Power and District Heat Pool• Oil Pool

● Chemical Industry Pool ● Metal Industry Pool ● Forest Industry Pool ● Construction pool ● Plastic and Rubber Industry Pool ● Textile Industry Pool ● Finance Pool ● Insurance Pool - regional commissions

Current Finnish Security of Supply PPP organisation

NESA

Min. of Trade and Industry

National Board of Economic Defence

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The Strategy for Securing the Functions Vital to Society

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IMPLEMENTATION OF THE RESOLUTION

Ministry Ministry Ministry

Resolution

Guidance/Legislation

Subordinate administration, Correlated business

communities, NGO’s and citizens

• Seven vital functions• desired end state

• 50 strategic tasks for ministries• development needs• emphasizes on development

• Nine threat scenarios• 61 special situation

• State crisis management model• Monitoring mechanism

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Government Resolution 23.11.2006

The Strategy for Securing the Functions Vital to Society (Government Resolution 23.11.2006):

The state crisis management modelThe role of maintaining situation

awareness

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Security Situations and Threat models:SSFV 2003, SSFV 2006

Illegal ImmigrationIllegal Immigration

Extensive Malfunction in ICT-systemsExtensive Malfunction in ICT-systems

Natural DisastersNatural Disasters

Health ThreatsHealth Threats

Normal ConditionsNormal Conditions Disruptive SituationsDisruptive Situations State of EmergencyState of Emergency

A Serious Disturbance in the Functioning of EconomyA Serious Disturbance in the Functioning of Economy

Major AccidentsMajor Accidents

International Political CrisisInternational Political Crisis

Territorial violationsTerritorial violations

Use of Military Force Use of Military Force

Organized Crime and TerrorismOrganized Crime and Terrorism

TSCHERNOBYL(ESTONIA)TSUNAMIAVIAN FLUPANDEMIC TERRORISM (LONDON)(HURRICANE KATRINA)(WEATHER DISTURBANCES)

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Solution

CrisisDeep Crisis

Symptoms

Basis of Crisis Management

Early WarningRapid Response

Sufficient ResourcesSufficient Communication

Compare

Democratic StateBureaucracy

CompareMilitary Administration

Military Command

ComparePowers of Competent

Authorities

CONCEALINGDOWNPLAYIN

G

BUREAUCRACY”TURF WAR”

Source: adapting Steven Fink

19.04.23

STATE CRISIS MANAGEMENT MODEL

Authority empowered by law

Launches the responseAlarm and inform

Meeting of heads of Preparedness

Support

Meeting of Permanent Secretaries

Support

Cabinet Committee onForeign and Security Policy

Preparatoryhandling

GGo

Government Plenary Session

or Negotiation

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Normal situationsNormal

situationsDisturbancesDisturbances

Large-scaleflood

Exceptionalconditions

Exceptionalconditions

Securitysituation

Terrorist strike

Serious disturbancein commun. network

Large nuclearaccident

Blocking of merchantshipping in the Baltic

Destructionof a vital

target

Dangerousinfectious disease

A special situation means a surprising or sudden threat or event that mayendanger the citizens’ security or the vital functions of society. In managing

this situation measures have been taken to use leadership models, communications, authorizations or resources defined by state crisis management model.

N.B. In exceptional conditions additionalauthority is always provided to named authorities and specified in regard to to time and region.

Examples of Special SituationsExamples of Special Situations

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STATE CRISIS MANAGEMENT MODEL

Authority empowered by law

Launched the responseAlarm and inform

Meeting of heads of Preparedness

Support

Meeting of Permanent Secretaries

Support

Cabinet Committee onForeign and Security Policy

Preparatoryhandling

GGo

Government Plenary Session

or Negotiation

Competent MinistryCompetent Authority

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STATE CRISIS MANAGEMENT MODEL

Authority empowered by law

Launches the responseAlarm and inform

Meeting of heads of Preparedness

Support

Meeting of Permanent Secretaries

Support

Cabinet Committee onForeign and Security Policy

Preparatoryhandling

GGo

Government Plenary Session

or Negotiation

Competent MinistryCompetent Authority

GovernmentSituation Centre

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STATE CRISIS MANAGEMENT MODEL

Authority empowered by law

Launches the responseAlarm and inform

Meeting of heads of Preparedness

Support

Meeting of Permanent Secretaries

Support

Cabinet Committee onForeign and Security Policy

Preparatoryhandling

GGo

Government Plenary Session

or Negotiation

First coordination bodyChaired by Dir of Govn Security

GovernmentSituation/CrisisManagement Centre

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STATE CRISIS MANAGEMENT MODEL

Authority empowered by law

Launches the responseAlarm and inform

Meeting of heads of Preparedness

Support

Meeting of Permanent Secretaries

Support

Cabinet Committee onForeign and Security Policy

Preparatoryhandling

GGo

Government Plenary Session

or Negotiation

Coordination bodyChaired by State Sec

GovernmentSituation/CrisisManagement Centre

19.04.23

STATE CRISIS MANAGEMENT MODEL

Authority empowered by law

Launched the responseAlarm and inform

Meeting of heads of Preparedness

Support

Meeting of Permanent Secretaries

Support

Cabinet Committee onForeign and Security Policy

Preparatoryhandling

GGo

Government Plenary Session

or Negotiation

GovernmentCrisis Management Centre

19.04.23

STATE CRISIS MANAGEMENT MODEL

Authority empowered by law

Launches the responseAlarm and inform

Meeting of heads of Preparedness

Support

Meeting of Permanent Secretaries

Support

Cabinet Committee onForeign and Security Policy

Preparatoryhandling

GGo

Government Plenary Session

or Negotiation Formal decisions

GovernmentCrisis Management Centre

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Role of the Prime Minister´s Office

• The Director of Government Security chairs the meeting of the heads of preparedness and the State Secretary at the Prime Minister’s Office chairs the meeting of permanent secretaries (depending on the case, the vice chair is from the competent ministry)

• The Prime Minister’s Office provides support in matters relating to the situation picture, premises and communications.

• Meetings are to coordinate measures among the ministries in any security situation. Coordination of duties in emergencies is required to ensure the smooth functioning of authorities’ activities.

• Government-level decisions are made in a plenary session of the Government.

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Meeting of the heads of preparedness

In special situations, the meeting of the heads of preparedness acts a cooperative body of the ministries.In this capacity the meeting

• updates the joint situation picture;• presents how each administrative sector

can support the competent ministry, coordinating these efforts where required; and

• prepares matters required to manage the situation for consideration by the meeting of permanent secretaries.

19.04.23

Meeting of the heads of preparedness

• The meeting of the heads of preparedness is chaired by the Director of Government Security. The State Secretary at the Prime Minister’s Office is the chair’s immediate operational supervisor at the Prime Minister’s Office.

• In special situations, the meeting can be chaired by the head of preparedness at the ministry whose responsibilities are most relevant to management of the situation (the competent ministry).

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Meeting of the heads of preparedness

• The meeting of the heads of preparedness may invite permanent experts.

• Representatives of non-governmental organizations, the business community, and relevant authorities may also participate in the meetings as specially invited experts.

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Government Crisis Management Centre

Situation CentreAlarm

Situation AwarenessAnalysis

(POC: CCA, CESIS)

Crisis ManagementCommunication

Centre Media Centre

Administration: Preparation, Implementation

OPERATIONAL LEVEL OF MINISTRIES

(Partners)

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Generating a situation picture

• Government efforts in generating a situation picture are geared to ensuring - around the clock in all conditions - that the state leadership remains fully informed and the situation picture is kept current.

• Compiling a situation picture means providing both a prognostic and a real-time picture of the security situation, coordination of which is the responsibility of the Prime Minister’s Office.

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Situation Awareness Network

Governmen

t

19.04.23

Reporting

Prime Minister,Cabinet

Committee on

Foreign and

Security Policy (CCFSP)

Analyzes,Assessments

Real-time situation picture

Situation Centre orSituation Room of

the Ministry

Situation Centre orSituation Room of

the Ministry

Situation Centre orSituation Room of

the Ministry

Situation Centre orSituation Room of

the Ministry

Agencies, Departments, Military

Commands, etc.

State Provincial

Offices

Local sector

Universities, institutes

Event reports,Open sources

19.04.23

Prognostic situation picture

• The Prime Minister’s Office works closely with the Ministry for Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of the Interior, and the Ministry of Defence to compile a prognostic picture of the security situation.

• This work is led by the secretary of state at the Prime Minister’s Office in cooperation with the permanent secretaries of the three ministries.

• The situation picture reports are distributed to the minister members of the Cabinet Committee on Foreign and Security Policy (CCFSP).

19.04.23

Real-time situation picture

• The Government Situation Centre is staffed around the clock.

• The different administrative sectors have a duty to report abnormal events and situations, such as major accidents, to the Situation Centre.

• The Situation Centre follows world news events extensively.

• The Situation Centre forwards information on events to the state leadership where necessary.

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Event report

• An event report must be made to the Government Situation Centre at the Prime Minister’s Office in the case of:

1. a significant threat to the security of citizens

2. events attracting public interest3. events threatening the functionality of the

Government and possibly requiring actions by the state leadership (= special situation)

• An event report may also consist of information noticed in the media.

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Duty arrangements

• Duty officer 24 h (from Security Police)

• Situation Awareness Coordinator and his deputy from Prime Minister´s Office

• Prime Minister´s Office (state secretary or deputy)

• State leadership