Disability Rights in Nepal: NAPD Magazine

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^= The Challenges and Promise of Inclusive Tourism in Nepal @)–@@

&= Interview with Ms Paula Sotnik @#–@&

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!)= Physical Access for Women with Disabilities..... #$–#&

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klxnf] ;+ljwfg;efaf6 gofF ;+ljwfg aGg g;s]kl5 d+;L/ $ ut] b]zdf k'gM;+ljwfg;efsf nflu bf]>f] lgjf{rg ;DkGg eof] .bf]>f] lgjf{rgsf] kl/0ffd;Fu} lgjf{lrt tyf dgf]gog u/L dGqLkl/ifb\sf] u7g k|lqmof;Fu}

;+ljwfg;efn] klg cfˆgf] ult lng k|f/De u/] kZrft\ ckfËtfsf] If]qaf6 k|ltlglwTj ;'lglZrt ug{sf lglDt ;/sf/ tyf ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿nfO{ bjfa ;[hgf ug]{ x]t'n] /fli6«o ckfË dxf;+3–g]kfnsf] cu'jfO{df r/0fj4 cfGbf]ng :j¿k l/n] cg;gsf] k|f/De u/]sf] lyof] . o; /fli6«o zf/Ll/s ckfË ;+3—g]kfnn] klg ;Dk"0f{ zf/Ll/s ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] tkm{af6 r/0faå ¿kdf sfo{;ldltsf

kbflwsf/Lx¿ ljleGg ;dodf ;+o'Qm ¿kdf l/n] cg;gdf a;L bafa ;[hgf u/]sf] lyof] . ;f] !!lbg;Dd rn]sf] l/n] cg;gdf ;+3sf tkm{af6 klxnf] k6s ;+3s} pkfWoIf ;~ho afGtjf /;lrj s[i0f uxt/fh a:g' ePsf] lyof] eg] bf]>f] k6sdf ;+3sf tkm{af6 sf]iffWoIf zflGt gsdL{ / ;b:o ljlgtf /]UdL a:g' ePsf] lyof] . To;}u/Ll/n] cg;gs} clGtd lbg ;+3sf cWoIf ls/0f lzNksf/ a:g' ePsf] lyof] . pQm l/n] cg;gdfckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] gofF aGg] ;+ljwfgdf ;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu ;+3sf pkfWoIf tyf snfsf/ ;~ho afGtjfåf/f ;f]xL cg;gdf k|ToIf lrq lgdf{0f u/L P}Soaåtfdf yk an k'/fpg' ePsf] lyof] . df3 @@ af6 k|f/De ePsf] pQml/n] cg;g kmfu'g # df ;/sf/sf tkm{af6k|wfgdGqL tyf dGqLkl/ifb\sf] sfof{nosf ;lrj ;"o{k|;fb l;njfn / ckfËtfsf] If]qaf6 /fli6«ockfË dxf;+3–g]kfnaLr jt{dfg ;+ljwfg;efdf @^ hgfsf] dgf]lgt l;6 cGt/ut clgjfo{ ¿kdf k|ltlglwTj u/fpg] eGg] lnlvt ;xdltsf] ;fy cg;g :ylut ePsf] lyof] .


jif{ –!@, cÍ–!*, @)&!

ckf·tfd}qL ;fj{hlgs oftfoft k|j4{gsf lglDt uf]li7 ;DkGg

@)&! c;f/ ^ ut] nlntk'/sf] hfjnfv]nl:ytg]kfn k|zf;lgs k|lzIf0f k|lti7fgsf] xndf nlntk'/lhNnfsf ;fj{hlgs oftfoftsf :6fkmx¿nfO{ ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] oftfoft ;]jfdf kx"Fr ljifos cg'lzIf0f sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/L ;DkGg u¥of] . nlntk'/ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf:yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L kz'klt kf]v|]nsf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ;DkGg ;f] sfo{qmddf ;+3sf cWoIf

o; /fli6«o zf/Ll/s ckfË ;+3—g]kfnn] o; ;+3sf pkfWoIf tyf snfsf/ ;~ho afGtjfsf] æ;+3if{sf WjgLx¿Æ gfds t];|f] Psn lrqsnf k|bz{gL @)&) r}q !$ ut] ;DkGg u¥of] . r}q &ut]af6 cf}krfl/s ¿kdf k|f/De eO{ r}q !$ ut]

;DkGg ePsf] pQm PsxKt] Psn lrqsnf k|bz{gL gS;fnl:yt g]kfn nlntsnf k|1f k|lti7fgsf] k|bz{gLxndf ljleGg k|sf/sf #! yfg lrqx¿ /fvL k|bz{g ul/Psf]] lyof] . lrqsnf k|bz{gLdf/flvPsf laqmL ePsf lrqx¿sf] hDdf /sdsf] s]lx k|ltzt zf/Ll/s ckfËtf ePsf u/La tyf h]x]Gbf/ ljBfyL{x¿sf nflu 5fqj[lQ k|bfgug]{ x]t'n] cfof]hgf ul/Psf]] pQm sfo{qmdsf]

snfsf/ ;~ho afGtjfsf] t];|f] Psn lrqsnf k|bz{gL ;DkGg

pb\3f6g dfggLo ;+:s[lt, ko{6g tyf gfu/Ls p8\oog dGqfnosf dGqL led k|;fb cfrfo{sf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .sfo{qmddf g]kfn nlntsnf k|1f k|lti7fgsf s'nklt ls/0f dfgGw/, n]vs tyf snf ;ldIfs k|f]=8f= cle ;'j]bL, cd]l/sg b'tfjf;sfPublic Affairs Officer – Susan Parker Burnsnufotsf JolQmTjx¿sf] pkl:ylt lyof] .

k|bz{gLsf] clGtd lbg r}q !$ ut] sfo{qmdsf] cf}krfl/s ¿kdf g]kfn nlntsnf k|1fk|lti7fgsf] c/gLsf] Uofn/Ldf cd]/Lsgb'tfj;s} Cultural Affairs Officer - Ms.

Polnerow Marrisa sf] k||d'v cfltYotfdf ;ldIffTds sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] . o;sf ;fy}jl/i7 snfsf/ u]x]G›dfg cdfTo, /fli6«o ckfË dxf;+3–g]kfnsf cWoIf, ;'bz{g ;'j]bL, snfsf/ tyf snf ;ldIfs /d]z vgfn nufotsf JolQmx¿n] ;Dk"0f{ snf k|bz{gL tyf afGtjfsf]snfsf] af/]df ;ldIffTds ¿kdf af]Ng' ePsf] lyof] .;+3sf tkm{af6 cWoIf ls/0f lzNksf/n] snfsf/;+ho afGtjfsf] Psn k|bz{gLdf ;xof]u ug'{x'g];Dk"0f{ ;+3;+:yf tyf JolQmx¿nfO{ wGojfb lbg'ePsf] lyof] .


jif{ –!@, cÍ–!*, @)&!

ls/0f lzNksf/n] cWoIftf ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] ;+3s} pkfWoIf ;~ho afGtjfn] æ;fj{hlgs oftfoftdf ljBdfg gLltut Joj:yf, jt{dfg cj:yf / ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] e"ldsfÆ ljifossfo{kq k|:t't ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . nlntk'/lhNnfsf ;fj{hlgs oftfoftsf ;fwgx¿df sfd ug]{ sl/a #) hgf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf d'2fx¿ / pgLx¿n]ug'{kg]{ d}qLk"0f{ Jojxf/x¿sf] af/]df ;';"lrt tyf ;+j]bgzLn agfpg] p2]Zosf ;fy cfof]hgf ul/Psf]] pQm sfo{qmddf oftfoft;Fu k|ToIf ;/f]sf/ /fVg] ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfosf k|ltlglwx¿ h:t} g]kfn oftfoft :jtGq dhb'/ ;Fu7gsf cWoIf, sf]iffWoIf / ;b:ox¿ tyf;kmf OsfO{ sldl6sf ;lrj, lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{nosf k|d'v, nlntk'/ oftfoft ldlga; ;]jf ;ldltsf pkfWoIf, dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf

sfof{nosf k|d'v, nlntk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsf

;dfh sNof0f ljefusf k|d'v, lzIff ljefusf

;xfos clwsf/L, nlntk'/ ckfËtf ;dGjo

;ldltsf ;+of]hs / nlntk'/ lhNnf ljsf;

;ldltsf ;fdflhs kl/rfnssf] ;lqmo ;xeflutf

/x]sf] lyof] .

sl/a tLg 306f;Dd ;~rflnt pQm sfo{qmddf

;fj{hlgs oftfoftsf ;fwgx¿df sfd ug]{

sd{rf/Lx¿sf nflu Hofb} g} dxTjk"0f{ /x]sf] k|ltlqmof

lbPsf lyP . sfo{qmddf pkl:yt ;xefuL cltly

jQmfx¿n] sfo{qmd cToGt} ;fGble{s /x]sf] / o:tf

k|sf/sf ;r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmdx¿ cfufdL lbgx¿df

k'gM rfns tyf ;xrfnsx¿nfO{ lbg' kg]{ cfjZostf

cf}FNofPsf lyP . o;sf sf/0fn] pgLx¿sf] afgL

Jojxf/df 7"nf] kl/jt{g Nofpg ;Sg] ;d]t bfaLu/]sf lyP .

Paula Sotnik ;“usf]

;+:yfut cg'ej cfbfgk|bfg sfo{qmd ;DkGg

;+o'Qm/fHo cd]l/sfaf6 g]kfn cfPsL Ms. Sotnik n] g]kfnsf] ;du| ckfËtf

cfGbf]ngnfO{ a'‰g] qmddf o; /fli6«o zf/Ll/s ckfË ;+3—g]kfn;Fu @)&! a}zfv * ut]cg'ej cfbfgk|bfg a}7s ;+3s} sfof{nodf ;DkGg eof] . Ms. Paula Sotnik Ps

cGt/f{li6«o ckfËtf clwsf/sdL{ x'g\ . pgn]Institute for Community Inclusion, School for Global Inclusion & SocialDevelopment gfds Ps ;+:yfdf cfj4eP/ ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf xsclwsf/sfk|j4{gsf nflu ljleGg tj/af6 sfd ub}{ cfO/x]sLl5g\ .

g]kfndf ljz]ifu/L kx"Fro'Qm jftfj/0f ;[hgf ug{sf nflu gLlt lgdf{0f txdf ePsf pknlAwx¿, sfof{Gjogdf cfPsf ;s/fTds kl/jt{gx¿ / cfufdL lbgdf /0fgLlts ¿kdfrflng'kg]{ cleofgx¿sf ;DaGwdf ;d]t a[xt\ 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] . ;+o'Qm/fHo cd]l/sfdfToxfFsf ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿n] NofPsf]


jif{ –!@, cÍ–!*, @)&!

o; /fli6«o zf/Ll/s ckfË;+3—g]kfnn] dlxnf lj¿4 x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf lx+;f / lje]bsf] cGToug{sf nflu cfˆgf] :yfkgf sfnb]lv g} ljljw k|sf/sf ultljlwx¿ ;~rfng ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 .ljz]ifu/L o; ;+3n] We Can National Alliance;Fusf] ;fem]bf/Ldf ckfËtf ePsf dlxnfx¿sf]

b[li6sf]0faf6 ljleGg lhNnfx¿df em08} kfFrjif{ eGbf a9Lsf] ljleGg sfo{qmdLs cleofg g} ;~rfng u/L ;r]tgf clej[l4sf] sfo{ u¥of] .xfn o; ;F3;Fu em08} kfFr xhf/ t kl/jt{gsf];+jfxs cyf{t Change Maker g} 5g\ eg] jt{dfg ;dodf of] ;+3 We Can National Allaince-Nepal sf] sfo{;ldltsf] ;b:o ;+:yf ;d]t xf] .o;} s|ddf ldlt @)&) r}q % ut] o; ;+3n]e"tk"j{ sd{rf/L kl/ifb\ / /fli6«o h]i7 gfu/Lsdxf;+3sf kbflwsf/Lx¿, sd{rf/Lx¿ tyf

kl/jt{gsf sf/0fx¿ / ;~rfng ul/Psf]hgjsfntsf sfo{qmdx¿, ;zlQms/0fsf sfo{qmdx¿ / hLljsf]kfh{g tyf lzIff,:jf:Yo, /f]huf/ nufotsf ultljlwx¿sf] k|fs[ltsf af/]df a[xt 5nkmn ul/Psf]] lyof] .To;}u/L 5nkmns} qmddf g]kfndf sfo{/t cGt/f{li6«o lgsfox¿n] klg g]kfnsf ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] xsclwsf/ k|j4{gsf nflu ub}{ cfPsf] cfly{s ;xof]u / d'2f k|fyldsLs/0fsf;DaGwdf ;d]t ;ldIff ul/Psf]] lyof] .

pgsf] e]63f6s} qmddf @)&! a}zfv !! ut] g]kfndf sfo{/t s]lx ;lqmo t/ sf]if clej[l4sf b[li6sf]0fn] sdhf]/ /x]sf sl/a !@ j6f ckfËtfsf] If]qdf sfo{/t ;+3;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx¿nfO{ k|:tfjgf n]vg tyf sf]if clej[l4sf] k|efjsf/L k4lt tyf cf}hf/x¿, hgjsfnt / k|efjsf/L;~rf/sf tf}/ tl/sfx¿sf ;DaGwdf cfwf lbgsf] tflnd ;d]t ;+3s} sfof{nodf k|bfgul/Psf]] lyof] .

dlxnf lx+;f lj¿4sf] ;r]tLs/0f cleofg ;DkGg

ltgLx¿sf kl/jf/x¿nfO{ dlxnf lx+;f lj¿4 x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf lx+;fx¿sf] cGTosf nflu Pslbg] ædlxnf lx+;f lj¿4sf] cleofgÆ ljifos cGtls|of sfo{qmd sf7df8f}Fsf] z+vd"ndf cfof]hgf u/L ;DkGg u¥of] .pQm sfo{s|ddf o; ;+3sf cWoIf ls/0f lzNksf/ / sf]iffWoIf zfGtL gsdL{åf/fdlxnf lx+;f lj¿4sf] ;DaGwdf ljleGg k|:t'tLx¿ ub}{ cg'lzIf0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] .pQm sfo{qmddf em08} #) hgf hlt dlxnf tyf k'?ifx¿sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . To;}u/L ldlt @)&! a}zfv !* ut] o; ;+34f/f cfO{ Pg g]kfndf ;+nUg k|lzIffyL{x¿sf] nflu Ps lbg] dlxnf lx+;f lj¿4 x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf lx+;fx¿sf] cGTo ;DalGw cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd nlntk'/ lhNnfsf] du/ufpmF eGg] :yfgdf cfof]hgf u/L ;DkGg ul/of]] . sl/a $) hgfdlxnf tyf k'?if ;xefuL /x]sf] ;f] sfo{qmddf klg o; ;+3sf cWoIf ls/0f lzNksf/ /sf]iffWoIf zflGt gsdL{n] k|lzIf0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ldlt @)&! cfiff9 @( df o; ;+3n]b /]o'sfO{ g]kfnsf] sfof{no ;fg]kfdf /]o'sfO{;Fucfj4 JolQmx¿sf] nflu ædlxnf lx+;f lj¿4sf] cleofgÆ ljifos Ps cGt/ls|of sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/L ;DkGg u¥of] .


jif{ –!@, cÍ–!*, @)&!

cfly{s jif{ @)&)÷)&! sf] :jLs[t jflif{s sfo{qmdcg';f/ dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0fdGqfno / o; ;+3sf] ;+o'Qm ;fem]bf/Ldf ckfËtfePsf JolQmx¿sf] ef}lts kx"Fr clej[l4sf nflu;r]tgf clej[l4 ug]{ p2]Zon] sf7df8f}F, eQmk'/ /

nlntk'/ lhNnfsf ;"o{ljgfos, nugv]n,Odf8f]n, nlntk'/ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no/ rfkfufpmF uflj;sf] sfof{no u/L hDdf kfFr:yfgx¿df ljleGg k|sf/sf lrqfTds ;"rgfd"nsxf]l8{Ë af]8{ lgdf{0f ul/ k|lt:yfkg ul/of]] .

dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfno / /fli6«o zf/Ll/s ckf· ;+3—g]kfnsf] ;+o'Qm ;fem]bf/Ldf

;DkGg sfo{qmdsf ultljlwx¿sf]

;"rgfd"ns xf]l8{· af]8{sf] lgdf{0f / k|lt:yfkg

g]kfn ko{6g af]8{;“u k}/jL a}7s ;DkGg M

ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] 3'Dg], :jtGqk"j{slxF8\8'n ug]{ / dgf]/~hg ug]{ clwsf/k|j4{gsf nflu kx"Fro'Qm ko{6g ljsf;

ug'{ ckl/xfo{tf ePsf]n] kx"Fro'Qm ko{6g

ljsf;sf nflu g]kfndf ;a{k|yd g]kfn ko{6g

af]8{;Fu o; ;+3n] @)&) kmfu'0f !( df

hgjsfnt a}7s cfof]hgf u/L ;DkGg u¥of] .

a}7sdf o; ;+3sf tkm{af6 sfo{;ldltsf

kbflwsf/Lx¿ nufot cGo ckfËtf

clwsf/sdL{x¿sf] ;xeflutf lyof] eg] af]8{sf

tkm{af6 lgldQ sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs tyf ko{6sLo

;|f]t tyf ;fwg ljsf; zfvfsf jl/i7 lgb]{zs

glGbgL yfkf, k|aGws d0fL/fh nfld5fg] /

;f]xL zfvfsf ;xfos Joj:yfks Ogrfh{

bLks/fh hf]zL a}7sdf ;xeflutf /x]sf]

lyof] . g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f ckfËtf ePsf

JolQmx¿sf] xs clwsf/sf nflu lgdf{0f

ul/Psf] ljleGg gLlt lgod, sfg'g tyf

sfo{qmdx¿sf] af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpFb} ckfËtf

d}qL ef}lts ;+/rgf lgdf{0fsf nflu Wofgfsif{0f

;lxtsf] 1fkgkq x:tfGt/0f ul/of]] .

pQm Wofgfsif{0f kq a'lem;s] kZrft\ af]8{sf

tkm{af6 k|ltlglwx¿n] Ps}k6sdf ;du|tfdf

kx"Fro'Qm jftfj/0f lgdf{0fsf sfo{x¿ ug{ c;Dej

/x]sf]n] gd"gfut ¿kdf ;a};Fu ldn]/ ;xsfo{sf

¿kdf sfd ug{ pT;flxt /x]sf] k|ltj4tf JoQm

u/] . ;fy}, ko{6g If]qdf sfo{/t ;a} ;/sf/L tyfgLlh lgsfox¿;Fu ;xsfo{ ;d]t u/]/ cufl8a9\g] ;d]t k|ltj4tf JoQm u/] .


jif{ –!@, cÍ–!*, @)&!

sf7df8f}F dxfgu/kflnsfn] cf=j= @)&)÷)&! df ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf nflu ljt/0f ug]{ eg]sf] ;]jf ;'ljwfx¿sf] af/]df lj:t[t ¿kdf a'‰g / To;sf] Jofks k|efjsfl/tfsf ;DaGwdf

5nkmn ug]{ / ef}lts kx"Fr tyf ;~rf/;]jf lgb]{lzsfsf] clwstd sfof{Gjogsf nflu Wofgfsif{0f u/fpg] p2]Zon] o; ;+3n]ldlt @)&) kmfu'g @# df sf7df8f}F dxfgu/kflnsfsf k|d'v tyf sfo{sf/L clws[t nId0f cof{n tyf ;dfh sNof0f zfvfsf zfvf clws[t ;Gt s'df/ yfkf;Fu a}7s ;DkGg eof] .pQm a}7sdf o; ;+3sf s]lGb|o sfo{;ldltsf kbflwsf/L tyf ;fwf/0f ;b:ox¿sf] ;d]t ;xeflutf lyof] . ;f] sfo{qmddf ljz]ifu/L

o; ;+3sf tkm{af6 sf7df8f}F dxfgu/kflnsfn] ckfËtfd}qL ef}lts jftfj/0f lgdf{0fsf nflu rflng' kg]{ kxnsbdLsf ;DaGwdf Wofgfsif{0f u/fpgsf nflu Wofgfsif{0fkq x:tfGt/0f

ul/Psf]] lyof] . dxfgu/kflnsfsfk|d'v tyf sfo{sf/L clws[tn] gofF aGg] ef}lts ;+/rgfx¿nfO{ oyf;Dej cj/f]wd'Qm agfpgsf nflu cfˆgf] tkm{af6 ;Sbf] kxn ug]{ ;d]t k|ltj4tf JoQm ug'{eof] .

5nkmnsf qmddf dxfgu/kflnsfn] o; cf=j= @)&)÷)&! df sf7df8f}F pkTosfdf ljz]ifu/L sf7df8f}Fsf] ;8slj:tf/sf sfo{qmd cGt/ut ;Dej ePsf ;a} :yfgx¿df ckfËtfd}qL ;8s lgdf{0f ug]{ k|ltj4tf JoQm ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . sf7df8f}F

dxfgu/kflnsfsf k|d'v tyf sfo{sf/L clws[t nId0f cof{nn] gd"gfut ¿kdf Go"/f]8sf] ljzfn ahf/ glhs ;fj{hlgs kfls{Ë :yfgdf ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿n] rnfpg] rf/kfË|]:s'6/x¿nfO{ nlIft u/L ckfËtfsf] nf]uf] 6fF;L ljz]if kfls{Ësf] Joj:yf ug]{ k|ltj4tf ug'{eof] eg] b/af/dfu{sf] ;fO8jfsnfO{ gd"gfut ¿kdf ckfËtfd}qL ;8ssf ¿kdf lj:tf/ ug]{ ;d]tk|ltj4tf JoQm u/]sf lyP .

sf7df8f} dxfgu/kflnsf;Fu k}/jL a}7s ;DkGg M

oftfoft dGqfno;“u k}/jL a}7s ;DkGg Msf7df8f}F pkTosfdf /x]sf] ljz]ifu/L ;fj{hlgs oftfoftsf ;fwgx¿ / ckfËtfd}qL ef}ltsk"jf{wf/sf ljifox¿nfO{ lnP/ g]kfn ;/sf/ cGt/utsf] ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf oftfoft dGqfnosf ;lrj >L t'n;L k|;fb l;6f}nf;Fu ldlt @)&! a}zfv @( ut] o; ;+3sf] s]lGb|o sfo{;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx¿åf/f lghs}

sfo{sIfdf k}/jL a}7s ;DkGg u¥of] . a}7sdfljz]ifu/L pNn]lvt ljifox¿nfO{ g} lnP/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] kfl/t u/]sf] ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf nflu kx"Fro'Qm ef}lts ;+/rgf tyf ;~rf/ ;]jf lgb]{lzsf @)^(, sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu Wofgfsif{0f kq x:tfGt/0f u/L ljBdfg ;d:ofx¿nfO{ ;f/f+zdf hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] lyof] .

gj ;dfgtf I10www.napdnepal.org.np

jif{ –!@, cÍ–!*, @)&!

g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f hf/L æckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf nflu kx"Fro'Qm ef}lts ;+/rgf tyf ;~rf/ ;]jf lgb]{lzsf—@)^(Æ, ckfË ;+/If0f tyf sNof0f P]g @)#( / ckfËtfePsf JolQmx¿sf] clwsf/ ;DalGw cGt/f{li6«o dxf;lGw @))^ df ;d]t k|i6 ¿kdf gLlh tyf;fj{hlgs ;]jfsf nflu vf]lnPsf jf :yfkgf

ul/Psf] :yfg tyf ;fwgx¿ ckfËtfd}qL agfOg' kg]{ k|fjwfgnfO{ sfof{Gjogdf Nofpgsf nflu bafj ;[hgf ug]{ p2]Zon] g]kfnsf] a}lÍª If]qdfgkfOPsf] ckfËtfd}qL jftfj/0fnfO{ lnP/ g]kfn a}Í;{ ;+3;Fu ldlt @)&! h]7 & ut] sfof{nosf;lrj s]zj k|;fb clwsf/L;Fu e]63f6 u/L ;f]

;fy} To; dGqfnosf ;lrjn] ef}lts k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fsf sfo{qmdx¿ b]zJofkL ¿kdf aGg] qmd hf/L /x]sf] ePtfklg sf7df8f}Fdf dfqo:tf d'2fx¿n] a9L k|fyldstf kfPsf]n] clns a9L b]zJofkL agfpg' kg]{df hf]8 lbg cfu|x ug'{ePsf] lyof] . To;}u/L sf7df8f}F pkTosfdfg} pQm lgb]{lzsfsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog x'gg;ls/x]sfn] To;sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfnon] g} cfˆgf] ;+of]hsTjdf ;a} ;DalGwt dGqfnox¿ /xg] u/L Pp6f ljz]if sfof{Gjogsf] of]hgf lgdf{0f u/L cg'udg ;ldltsf] ;d]t

lgdf{0f u/L of]hgfut ¿kdf cufl8 a9\g'kg]{ cfjZostf /x]sf] cf}FNofpg'eof] .

g]kfn a}°;{ ;+3;“u k}/jL a}7s ;DkGg;+3sf] cWoIfsf gfddf Wofgfsif{0f kq ;d]t x:tfGt/0f ul/of]] .

o;} qmddf xfn ;~rfngdf /x]sf a}ÍLs If]qnfO{ nlIft u/L ckfËtfd}qL jftfj/0f lgdf{0fsf nflu o; ;+3dfkm{t cfj4tf /x]sf a}Íx¿df ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf nflu of]Uotf / Ifdtfsf cfwf/df /f]huf/L k|j4{g ug]{,agL;s]sf / gofF aGg] a}Ísf ejgx¿df kx"Fro'Qmef}lts jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug]{, a}Ídf :yfkgf ul/Psf] sfp06/x¿ xf]rfk'8\sf tyf XjLnlro/ k|of]ustf{x¿sf nflu ;d]t ;xh¿kdf kx"Fr k'Ug] u/L prfOsf] lgdf{0f ul/g'kg]{, ATM :ynx¿klg ;xh ¿kdf ;a} k|sf/sf ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿n] k|of]u ug{;Sg] u/L lgdf{0f ul/g' kg]{ / ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿n] :j/f]huf/sfnflu a}Íaf6 C0f lng rfx]sf] ;Gbe{df ;a}eGbf ;x'lnot Jofhb/df ;xh ta/n] C0f pknAw u/fpg] h:tf d'2fx¿df 5nkmn ul/of]] .k|ltlqmofdf ;+3 cfkm}Fdf lg0ff{os gePtf klg To;sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu ;a} a}Íx¿df kqfrf/ ug]{ / ;f]lx cg';f/ sfd ;d]tug{sf nflu cg'/f]w ug]{ k|ltj4tf ul/Psf]] lyof] .


jif{ –!@, cÍ–!*, @)&!

g]kfn oftfoft Joj;foL /fli6«o dxf;+3;“u k}/jL a}7s ;DkGg M

;fj{hlgs oftfoftnfO{ ckfËtfd}qL agfpgsf nflu g]kfn oftfoft Joj;foL /fli6«o dxf;+3sf] uDeL/ Wofgsif{0f u/fpgsf nflu ldlt @)&! c;f/ !* ut] dxf;+3sf cWoIf of]u]Gb|gfy sd{rfo{nfO{ e]6 u/L Wofgfsif{0f kq a'emfOof] . 5nkmnsf qmddf dxf;+3sf cWoIfsd{rfo{n] g]kfndf /x]sf oftfoftsf ;fwgx¿ ljz]iftM ;fj{hlgs p2]Zosf nflu k|of]u ul/g]nfO{ oyf;Dej ckfËtfd}qL agfpgsf nflu oftfoftdf ef}lts lgdf{0f tyf oftfoft Joj:yf dGqfnon] k|To]s ;fj{hlgs uf8Lx¿nfO{ ¿6 l;:6ddf rnfpg k|f/De ug'{kg]{, gofF oftfoftsf ;fwgx¿ leq\ofpFbf v]/L g} ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿nfO{ b[li6ut u/L o;sf] ;]l6Ëug'{kg]{, ;fj{hlgs oftfoftsf ;fwgx¿df sfo{/t rfns tyf ;xrfnsx¿nfO{ 8«fO{leËnfO;G; k|bfg ubf{ v]/L g} Psb'O{ 306fsf] ;fdflhs ;+j]bglzntfsf d'2fx¿df cg'lzIf0f ug'{kg]{, g]kfndf oftfoft dfq} x]g]{ 5'§} ;/sf/L lgsfo gePsf]n] oftfoft ljsf; af]8{sf] lgdf{0f u/L sfo{ ug{ ;s]df lb3{sfnLg ¿kdf ;d:of ;dfwfg x'g] hLls/ ug'{eof] .

;x/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0fljefu;“u k}/jL a}7s ;DkGg

o; /fli6«o zf/Ll/s ckfË ;+3—g]kfnsfk|ltlglwx¿n] ;x/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefusf dxflgb]{zs zDe" s]=;L=;Fu @)&! c;f/ !( ut] lghs} sfof{sIfdf e]63f6 ul/of]] .pQm e]63f6df ljz]ifu/L o; ;+3n] gofF ag]sf ef}lts ;+/rgfx¿ g]kfn /fli6«o ejg lgdf{0fcfrf/ ;+lxtf @)^) / g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f hf/Lul/Psf]] ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf nflu ef}lts kx"Fr tyf ;~rf/ ;]jf lgb]{lzsf @)^(, sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog x'g g;s]sf]df uDeL/ Wofgfsif{0f u/fPsf] lyof] . hjfkmdf dxflgb]{zss]= ;L=n] ljefu cToGt} uDeL/ ePsf] / ;f]lxcg';f/ g} pQm lgb]{lzsfnfO{ k'gM cfˆgf ;Dk"0f{ lgsfox¿df kqfrf/ ;d]t ug]{ k|ltj4tf JoQm ul/Psf]] lyof] .

e]63f6sf qmddf ljefu pQm ljifodf ;+o'Qm ¿kdf ldn]/ sfd ug{ OR5's ePsf]n] cfufdL

lbgx¿df ;xsfo{ ;d]t ug]{ k|ltj4tf ug'{eof] .To;}u/L ljefus} g]t[Tjdf ag]sf gofF ejgx¿ ckfËtf d}qL ePgePsf] ;DaGwdf Physical Audit u/L ;'emfj lbgsf nflu ;d]t cfu|xug'{eof] . sf7df8f}Fdf dflg;x¿sf] ;a}eGbf a9Lcfjfthfjt x'g] :yfg x]/L To;nfO{ k"0f{ ckfËtf d}qL agfpgsf nflu s] ug'{kb{5 egL ;'emfjlbgsf nflu cg'/f]w ug'{eof] .


jif{ –!@, cÍ–!*, @)&!

ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf nflu cj/f]wd'Qm jftfj/0f ;[hgf ug]{ k|d'v p2]Zon] ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] clwsf/ ;DalGw cGt/f{li6«o dxf;lGw @))^ sf] cfwf/e"t Joj:yfx¿df cfwfl/t /xL dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfno / g]kfndf ckfËtfsf] If]qdf

sfof{/t ;+3;+:yfx¿sf] ;+o'Qm kxnåf/f hf/L ul/Psf]] ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf nflu ef}lts kx"Fro'Qm tyf ;~rf/ ;]jf lgb]{lzsf @)^( sf] sfof{Gjog cj:yfsf] k'g/fjnf]sg u/L k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf] sfo{of]hgf agfpg] p2]Zon] o; ;+3n] ldlt @)&! h]7 @& ut] sf7df8f}Fsf] jN8{ 6]«8 ;]G6/df Ps sfof{zfnf uf]li7sf] cfof]hgf u/L ;DkGg u¥of] . dlxnf,afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfnosf ;lrj >L lbg]zx/L clwsf/Lsf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ;DkGg ;f] sfof{zfnf uf]li7sf] cWoIftf ;+3sf cWoIf >L ls/0f lzNksf/n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] ljz]if cltlysf ¿kdf dGqfnos} ;x;lrj >L zÍ/ kf7s, pk;lrj x'dsnf kf08], zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefusf dxflgb]{zs ;'lgn s0f{, vfg]kfgL tyf 9n lgsf; ljefusf ;Llgo/ l8lehg O{lGhlgo/ lxd k|;fb uf}td, lzIff dGqfno

cGtu{tsf ;dfj]zL lzIff zfvfsf u0f]z kf}8]n/ /fli6«o ckfË dxf;+3—g]kfnsf cWoIf ;'bz{g;'j]bL x'g'x'GYof] .

;+3sf ;lrj s[i0f uxt/fhåf/f ;xhLs/0f ul/Psf]] ;f] sfof{zfnfnfO{ ljz]ifu/L b'O{ r/0fdf ljefhg u/L 5nkmn ul/Psf]] lyof] .sfo{qmdsf] klxnf] ;qdf cf;g u|x0fsf] cf}krfl/s k|f/De;Fu} ;+3sf pkfWoIf ;~ho afGtjfåf/f ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf nflu ef}lts kx"Fro'Qm tyf ;~rf/ ;]jf lgb]{lzsf @)^( sf] jt{dfg sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yf /cfufdL sfo{of]hgf zLif{sdf sfo{kq k|:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] bf]>f] r/0fdf o;lgb]{lzsfsf] sfof{Gjogdf b]lvPsf ;d:of tyf r'gf}ltx¿ / tLgsf ;dfwfgsf nflu cfufdLlbgdf cjnDag ul/g'kg]{ pkfox¿sf] ;Gbe{dfpkl:yt ;xeflux¿nfO{ ljleGg ;ft ;d"xdfljefhg u/L ;d"xut sfo{;d]t ul/Psf]] lyof] .pQm ;d"xut 5nkmnsf] ;xhLs/0f eg] dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfhsNof0f dGqfnosf pk;lrj x'dsnf kf08]n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .sfo{qmdsf] 5nkmnsf bf}/fgdf em08} !% dlxgf k'/f ul/;s]sf] pQm lgb]{lzsfsf] Jojxfl/s sfof{Gjogsf] kIf rfFlx cToGt} lkmtnf] /x]sf] eGb} pkl:yt clwsf+z ;xefuLx¿n] l6Kk0fL u/]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf af]Nb} k|d'v cltlytyf dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfnosf ;lrj >L lbg]zx/L clwsf/Ln] ;f] lgb]{lzsf sfof{Gjogsf nflu cfkm" cToGt} lqmofzLn /x]sf] t/ ;/sf/L lgsfox¿aLr g} k/:k/ ;dGjogsf] cEof; sdhf]/ ePsf]n] ck]Iffs[t ¿kdf sfof{Gojg ug{ g;lsPsf] lhls/ ug'{eof] . To;}n] o;} ;Gbe{df ul/Psf]] of]

ef}lts kx"“ro'Qm lgb]{lzsf @)^( sf] ;DaGwdf sfof{zfnf ;DkGgM


jif{ –!@, cÍ–!*, @)&!

sfo{qmdsf] k|ltkmnnfO{ lj:t[t sfo{of]hgf agfO{ cfufdL lbgdf o;sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ug{sf nflu dGqfno h'g;'s} k|sf/sf] ;xof]u ug{ tof/ /x]sf] atfpg'eof] . sfo{qmdsf] cGTodfo; ;+3n] ;f] sfo{qmdaf6 k|fKt k|ltkmnx¿sf] cfwf/df /xL cfufdL lbgsf nflu ul/g'kg]{ Ps a[xt\ sfo{of]hgfsf] to u/L dGqfnonfO{ x:tfGt/0f ;d]t ul/Psf]] 5 .

æg]kfndf XjLnlro/ pTkfbgM ljifos sfof{zfnf uf]li7 ;DkGg

g]kfndf Psfb gLhLIf]qsf] kxndf afx]s xfn;Dd XjLnlro/ pTkfbg ePsf] 5}g . oBlk,g]kfndf XjLnlro/ k|of]ustf{x¿sf] olsg tYofÍ gePtf klg ljleGg cWoogx¿n]

em08} #% nfvsf] xf/fxf/Ldf /x]sf] ;fj{hlgsu/]sf 5g\ . g]kfndf ;/b/ ( xhf/ jflif{sXjLnlro/ cfjZos /x]sf] b]lvG5 . olt 7"nf];+Vofdf /x]sf XjLnlro/ k|of]ustf{x¿sf nflu

xfn;Dd g]kfndf :jb]zL XjLnlro/ pTkfbg ePsf] 5}g / To;sf nflu k|oTg ;d]t ul/Psf]]klg b]lvGb}g . ;f]lx ljifonfO{ dWogh/ u/L o;/fli6«o zf/Ll/s ckfË ;+3—g]kfn, :jfanDaL hLjg k4lt s]Gb| sf7df8f}F, g]kfn XjLlro/ Sna / dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfhsNof0fdGqfnon] ;+o'Qm ¿kdf XjLnlro/ pTkfbgsf] sfdnfO{ k|f/De u/]sf] 5 . ;f]lxsfo{qmd cGt/ut o; ;+3sf nflu ljz]iftM g]kfndf XjLnlro/ pTkfbgsf] ;DefJotf /r'gf}ltx¿nfO{ lnP/ Ps cg';GwgfTds cWoog u¥of] . pQm cWoogaf6 k|fKt ;"rgfx¿nfO{lnP/ sf7df8f}Fsf] lqk'/]Zj/df ldlt @)&! c;f/ !( ut] dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfhsNof0f dGqfnosf pk;lrj x'dsnf kf08]sf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ;DkGg ul/of]] .

sfo{qmddf pkl:yt em08} %) hgf XjLnlro/ k|of]ustf{x¿, XjLnlro/ ljt/s tyf pTkfbgstf{x¿;Fu a[xt\ 5nkmn u/L yk cfjZos ;"rgfx¿ ;d]t ;Íng ul/Psf]] lyof] .pQm k|fKt;Dk"0f{ ;"rgfx¿sf] cfwf/df g]kfndf XjLnlro/ pTkfbgM ;DefJotf / r'gf}ltx¿gfds Ps cg';GwfgfTds cWoog k|ltj]bgsf] ;d]t k|:t't ul/Psf]] lyof] . o;sf] k|d'v p2]Zoeg]sf] g]kfndf xfn;Dd s]–s:tf k|sf/sf XjLnlro/x¿ k|of]udf cfPsf 5g\, ltlgx¿sf] ;xh pknAwtfsf nflu :jb]zd} s] ug{ ;lsG5

egL ;DefJotfsf] vf]hL ;d]t ug'{ /x]sf] lyof] .


jif{ –!@, cÍ–!*, @)&!

/fli6«o zf/Ll/s ckfË ;+3—g]kfnn] cfˆgf]:yfkgfsfnb]vL g} ef}lts kx'Frsf] ;jfnnfO{ ljleGg k|sf/sf ;r]tgf clej[l4, Ifdtf ljsf; tyf hgjsfntsf sfo{qmdx¿ ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . kx"Fro'Qm ef}lts jftfj/0fn] dfq ckfËtfePsf JolQmx¿sf] ;fdflhs ;xefuLtf, u'0f:t/o'Qm hLjg:t/ / ;dfg cj;/x¿df kx"Frlgwf{/0f ug]{ ePsf]n] kx"Fro'Qm ef}lts jftfj/0f ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf nflu cfhsf] k|d'v cfjZostf xf] . oxL cfjZostfnfO{ dWogh/u/L o; ;+3n] ef}lts kx'Frsf] ;jfnnfO{ ljut8]9bzsb]lv lg/Gt/ ¿kdf cufl8 a9fO /x]sf] 5 . zfl//Ls ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf nflu/fli6«o zfl//Ls ckfË ;+3—g]kfnn] ub}{ cfPsf] o; k|sf/sf] sbdnfO{ ljleGg lgsfox¿af6;x|fgf ul/Psf]] 5 . g]kfndf ef}lts kx'Frsf];jfnnfO{ ;a}eGbf klxn] o; ;+3n] kl/rou/fPsf] s'/fdf s'g} b'O{dt 5}g . o; ;+3n];g\ !((& df :yfkgf eP kZrft\ g} ljleGg lsl;dsf ef}lts kxF'rsf] af/]df /fli6«o:t/, If]lqo:t/ / lhNnf:t/df cleofgs} ¿kdfljleGg k|sf/sf sfo{s|dx¿ ub{} cfO/x]sf] 5 .ef}lts kx'Fr eg]sf] s] xf] < o;sf] cefjdfckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿n] s:tf lsl;dsf ;d:ofx¿ ef]Ug'k/]sf] 5 < / o:tf ;d:of s;/Lx6fpg ;lsG5 eGg] ;jfndf g]kfndf ;'¿jftxF'bfsf] cj:yf b]lv g} /fli6«o zfl//Ls ckfË ;+3n] o;sf] nflu 7'nf] e'ldsf v]Nb} cfO/x]sf] 5 . ;g\ !((& b]vL g} lg/Gt/ cleofgsf]¿kdf ef}lts k'jf{wf/ kx'Frsf] If]qdf sfdul//x]sf]] kl/k]|Iodf Tolt a]nfsf] ;fem]bf/L ;+:yf

8]gdfs{sf] The Danish Romatism Association

/ l8=P;=cfO{=lar ;xsfo{ u/L /fi6«JofkL

¿kdf g} ljleGg lsl;dsf k}/jL tyf hgr]tgfd'ns cleofgx¿ ;DkGg u¥of] .xfd|f] o; k|sf/sf] cleofgaf6 k|efljt eP/ g]kfn ;/sf/sf ljleGg lgsfox¿ h:t} gu/kflnsf / lhlj;x¿af6 ;d]t ;fgf];fgf]cfly{s ;|f]t ;Íng u/L ef}lts kxF'rsf] cleofgnfO{ To; ;dob]lv g} lg/Gt/ cufl8 nfg] sfd eO/x]sf] lyof] . o;sf ;fy}, zfl//LsckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿nfO{ hf]8\g] dfWodsf] ¿kdf tyf hgr]tgf km}nfpg] dfWodsf] ¿kdf ;d]t of] cleofgnfO{ ;+3n] cufl8 a9fO/x]sf] 5 .

;g\ @))) sf] bf}/fg eGbf cuf8L / To; k5fl8sflbgdf ;d]t :jo+ ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] ;+3;+:yf tyf ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf nflu sfd ug]{ ;+3;+:yfnfO{ klg kx'Frsf] ;jfnnfO{ g]kfndf Nofpg'k5{ eg]/ /fli6«o zfl//Ls ckfË ;+3—g]kfnn] ;'¿jft u/]sf] xf] . /fli6«o ckfËdxf;+3–g]kfnn] klg kx'Frsf] ;jfnnfO{ cuf8L a9fPsf] 5 / dxf;+3sf] ;b:o ;+:yfsf] ¿kdf/fli6«o zfl//Ls ckfË ;+3—g]kfnn] kx'Frsf] ;jfnnfO{ p7fO/x]sf] x'gfn] dxf;+3 / cGo;+3;+:yfn] klg o;n] kx'Frsf] ljifodf sfd u5{ eg]/ klxrfg :yflkt u/]sf] 5 . jt{dfg;dodf klg o; ;+3 kx"Fro'Qm jftfj/0f lgdf{0fs} d'2fnfO{ lnP/ culf8 a9L/x]sf] 5 .jf:tjdf kx'Fro'Qmtf eg]sf] ckfËtf ePsfJolQmx¿sf nflu kx"Fr clej[l4 ug{sf nflu cfjZos kg]{ klxnf] ;t{ xf] . o;y{, of] cfkm}FdfPp6f a[xt\ ljifo klg xf] . g]kfndf dfq geP/

cj/f]wd'Qm ef}lts jftfj/0f lgdf{0fdf /fli6«o zf/Ll/s ckf· ;+3—g]kfnsf] k|of;


jif{ –!@, cÍ–!*, @)&!

cGt/f{li6«o:t/d} o;n] 7"nf] dxTj kfPsf] 5 .kx"Fro'Qm ef}lts jftfj/0fsf] lgdf{0fn] s]jnckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf nflu dfq geP/ ;a} k|sf/sf dflg;x¿ h:t} a[4a[4f, c;Qm, ue{jtL dlxnfx¿nfO{ ;xhtf k'¥ofpFb5 t/, xfd|f] h:tf cltsd ljsl;t b]zx¿df o:tf d'2fx¿k|ltsf] ;r]tLs/0fsf] cj:yf cToGt} gfh's 5 . h;sf sf/0fn] ubf{ o; If]qdf sfdug{ cem} sl7g klg 5 . oBkL, ljz]if u/L/fli6«o zfl//Ls ckfË ;+3—g]kfnn] sf7df8f}+ pkTosf / To;sf If]lqo zx/x¿ h:t} sf:sL,kf]v/f, g]kfnuGh, wgu9L, afFs], s}nfnL k"j{sf]df]/ª, ;'g;/L h:tf If]qx¿df Tolta]nf klgkxF'r s] xf] <, o;nfO{ xfd|f] kmfObfsf] nflu s;/L hf]8\g ;S5fF} eGg] h:tf s'/fx¿sf] hfgsf/Låf/f ;r]tLs/0f clej[l4 u/]sf] lyof] .xfn /fli6«o zfl//Ls ckfË ;+3—g]kfnn] k'gM ;f]lx cleofgnfO{ ;lqmotf lbg ljleGg k|sf/sf ultljlwx¿sf] k|f/De u/]sf] 5 .

ljz]ifu/L /fli6«o ejg lgdf{0f cfrf/;+lxtf @)^) cfO;s] kZrft\ / g]kfn ;/sf/n] ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] clwsf/ ;DalGw cGt/f{li6«o dxf;lGw @))^ sf] kIf /fi6« eO;s]kl5 ;f]lxgLltut k|fjwfgnfO{ 6]sL 5'§} ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] nflu ef}lts kx"Fr tyf ;~rf/ ;]jflgb]{lzsf @)^( sf] ;d]t lgdf{0f ul/Psf]] 5 . cao;sf] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu lglZrt ¿kdf s'g} Pp6f ;+3;+:yfn] of] s'/fnfO{ cuf8L a9fpg'k5{eGg] p2]Zon] /fli6«o zfl//Ls ckfË ;+3—

g]kfnn] k|d'v lgsfosf] ¿kdf sfd ul//x]sf]] 5/ o;sf] cnfjf ljut s]xL aif{b]vL ckfËtfd}qLoftfoftsf] s'/fnfO{ klg csf]{ Pp6f cleofgsf] ¿kdf cufl8 a9fPsf] 5 . of] cleofgsf]¿kdf /fli6«o zfl//Ls ckfË ;+3—g]kfnn] ut @÷# aif{ cuf8L Pp6f lkmgNof08l:yt Abilis Foundation sf] cfly{s ;xof]udfutjif{ xfdLn] Pp6f Ps jif]{ sfo{qmd ;d]t;~rfng u/L ;DkGg u¥of] . o; kl/of]hgfcGt/ut ljz]iftM sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf sf7df8f}F,eQmk'/ / nlntk'/ lhNnfsf] ;fj{hlgsoftfoftsf ;fwgx¿nfO{ ckfËtfd}qL agfpsf nflu ;jf/L wgL, ;jf/L rfns tyf ;xrfns / 6«flkms k|x/Lx¿nfO{ ckfËtfsf] ;jfnx¿nfO{;r]tLs/0f u¥of] . h;sf] kl/0ffd:j¿kpgLx¿df uDeL/tf a9]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . jt{dfg;dodf ljleGg ;jf/LwgLx¿, oftfoft Joj:yf ljefu / ;DalGwt dGqfnox¿nfO{ ckfËtfd}qL;jf/L;fwgx¿sf] k|j4{gsf nflu 3R3rfpg] sfdx¿ k|z:t} dfqfdf eO/x]sf 5g\ .

o;/L /fli6«o zfl//Ls ckfË ;+3—g]kfnn] lg/Gt/ ¿kdf ef}lts kx"Fr / ckfËtfd}qL oftfoftsf]nflu Pp6f :yflkt ;+:yfsf] ¿kdf /x]/ sfd ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . ;fy}, jt{dfg kl/k|]Iodfef}lts ;+/rgfx¿sf] n]vfhf]vf (Physical

Audit) sf] ljifonfO{ lnP/ cuf8L a9fpg'sf];fy} ¥ofDk lgdf{0fsf] nflu cfjZos k/fdz{ lbg k/fdz{ ;d"x g} lgdf{0f u/L k/fdz{ lbg] sfd klg ul//x]sf 5f}+ .


jif{ –!@, cÍ–!*, @)&!

cfh eGbf em08} @^ jif{ cufl8 lj=;+= @)$% ;fnsf] s'/f xf] . hLjgdf klxnf] k6s Psflaxfg}cf]5\ofgd} ;'lt/x]s} cj:yfdf dnfO{ lgs} cftlÍt agfof] . k"jL{ g]kfnsf] pbok'/ lhNnfs]Gb| ePsf] sl/j ^ /]S6/ :s]nsf] e"sDk hfFbfpbok'/ lhNnfs} k"jL{ If]qsf] a;fxf uflj;df /x]sf] d]/f] 3/ lgs} a]/ xNnfof] . ;f] ;dfodf d]/f]kl/jf/sf sl/a ;a} h:tf] ;b:ox¿ 3/sf] tn em/L ;Sg' ePsf] lyof] . t/, d eg] PSn} pQm3/sf] dflyNnf] tnfdf g} lrRofO{ /x]sf] lyPF .d;Fu} ;'t]sf] d]/f bfh' klg dflyNnf] tnfaf6 g} xfdkmfnL ;Sg' ePsf] lyof] . d xfdkmfNg't s] ;'t]sf] 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf ;lhn} hfg;Sg] cj:yfdf lyOg t/ xfd|f] 3/df s'g} IftL gePsf] sf/0f d ;–s';n g} /xg ;kmn eP .olb d]/f] 3/ s]xL ePsf] eP ;fob ;a}eGbf klxn] d g} Tof] k|sf]kdf kg]{ lyPF xf]nf . To;;dodf pbok'/, ;'g;/L / wgs'6f If]qdf uPsf]e'sDksf] wSsfn] lgs} ef}lts / dfgjLo Iflteof] . slt ckfËtf ePsf Joltmx¿nfO{ To;e'sDkn] Iflt k'¥ofof] egL Plsg yfxf rflxF ePg . oBlk, d of] eGg ;S5' ls olb d]/f]3/ e"sDkn] eTs]sf] eP To;sf] k|ToIf klxnf] df/df d g} ky]{ xf]nf lsgsL d ckfËtfsf]sf/0fn] ;lhn} ;'/IfL 7fpFdf uP/ a:g ;Sg] cj:yfdf lyOg .

jf:tjdf k|fs[lts k|sf]ksf] a]nf h'g;'s} ;d'bfohf]lvddf ePtfklg pgLx¿n] a]xf]g]{ hf]lvdsf] uflDeo{tf pgLx¿sf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs cj:yf, p¢f/ ;fdfu|L, k|sf]k ;DaGwL r]tgf tyf JolQmut udgzLntfdf e/kg]{ /x]5 .hxfF;Dd ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] ;jfn

k|fs[lts k|sf]k;Fu hf]l8G5, pgLx¿sf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs cj:yf eGbf klg JolQmut udgzLntfn] k|fs[lts k|sf]kn] 7"nf] k|efj kfb{5 . o;sf]kl/0ffd:j¿k ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿ s'g} klg k|fs[ltsf] 7"nf] k|s[lt k|sf]ksf] ;dodf cToGt} uDeL/ hf]lvddf kb{5 . k|sf]ksf] a]nfdf ckfËtfePsf JolQmx¿nfO{ p4f/ ug]{ JolQm ;d]t hf]lvddf kg]{ ;Defjgf ePsfn] cfˆg} kl/jf/sf ;b:o klg pgLx¿nfO{ p4f/ ug{ tTk/ xF'b}gg\ .blIf0f Plzofsf b]zx¿dWo] g]kfn klg k|fs[lts k|sf]ksf] b[li6sf]0fn] cToGt} 7"nf] hf]lvddf /x]sf] 5 . e"sDk, af9Lklx/f] / cfunflu h:tfb'3{6gfx¿ ljleGg ;dodf g]kfndf 36\b} cfO/x]sf] 5 . oL b'3{6gfx¿sf] k|efj Go"gLs/0fug{ s]Gb|b]lv :yfgLo:t/;Dd ljleGg ;+oGqx¿ ;+rfngdf /x]sf] ePtfklg ckfËtf ePsf Jofltmx¿sf ;jfndf Wofg k'Ug ;ls/x]sf] b]lvb}g . xfdLn] x]g]{ xf] eg] clxn];Ddsf] s'g}klg k|sf]k Go"gLs/0f cleofgdf ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] ;jfndf ;Daf]wg ul/Psf]] kfOb}g .

g]kfndf clxn] gofF ;+ljwfg n]vg k|s[of hf/L 5 . cGt/f{li6«o:t/df g]kfn ;/sf/n] ckfËtfePsf JolQmx¿sf] clwsf/ ;DalGw cGt/f{li6«o dxf;lGw—@))^ ;d]t cg'df]bg ul/;s]sf]] 5 .o; kl/k|]Iodf g]kfndf klg lzIff, :jf:Yo, zflGt k|s[of nufotsf kIfx¿df ck]lIft ¿kdf geP klg s]lx xb;Dd ckfËtfsf ;jfn k|ltlalDjt ePsf] kfOG5 . oBlk k|fs[lts k|sf]k ;DalGw

ckfËtf ePsf Joltmx¿sf ;jfndf ;DaGwLt

k|fs[lts k|sf]k / ckf·tf


jif{ –!@, cÍ–!*, @)&!

lgsfon] Wofg k'¥ofpg ;s]sf] b]lvb}g . o;sf

k5fl8 ljleGg sf/s tTjx¿ x'g ;S5g\ . t/

cfhsf] kl/j]zdf ckfËtfsf ;jfn k|fs[lts

k|sf]ksf] x/]s k|qm[ofut of]hgfdf k|ltlglwTj

x'g'kb{5 .

xfn;Dd klg g]kfndf k|fs[lts k|sf]k Go'gLs/0fsf]

cGo ;fjwfgLx¿ ckgfPklg ckfËtf d}qL

ef } lts jftfj/0fsf] ljifodf Wofg k'¥ofPsf]

cj:yf b]lvGb}g . Pp6f ;fj{hgLs ejg egf}+

oft JolQmut ejgx¿df cfs:dLs 9f]sfx¿,

nfO6x¿, r's'nx¿ s'g}klg ckfËtf d}qL kfpg

;lsGb}g . o; lsl;dsf] ef}lts ;+/rgfn]

k|fs[lts k|sf]kdf ;a}eGbf klxnf] df/ eg]sf]

ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿nfO{ g} x'g]5 . o;

;jfndf d oxfF Pp6f pbfxf/0f lbg rfxfG5',

Pp6f tflndsf] ;Lnlznfdf d hfkfg uPsf]

lyP . hfkfgsf] 6f]sLof] l:yt hfOsfsf] tflnd

s]Gb|sf] ;ft gDa/ ¿ddf dnfO /flvPsf] lyof]

h'g sf]7f cGo sf]7f eGbf b'O{ u'0ff 7"nf] lyof] .

h;df P6]h 6\jfOn]6 afy¿df ;lhn} d]/f]

x'NrLo/ hfg cfpg ;Sg] agfOPsf] lyof] .

lah'nL altsf :jLrx¿ 9f]sfsf r'Ss'nx¿,

;f]s];, 6]an cfbL e]6Lg] u/L Pp6f ckfËtf

ePsf JolQmn] ;lhn} k|of]u ug{ ;Sg] agfOPsf]

lyof] . t/ ToxfF d]/f] sf]7fsf] csf]{ cgf}7f]

laifo eg]sf] cfktsfnLg 9f]sf xf] . h'g d}n]

w]/} b]zx¿df ed|0f ubf{ o:tf] Joj:yf kfpg

;s]sf] lyOg . h'g 9f]sf d]/f] sf]7fsf] blIf0f

tkm{ agfOPsf] lyof] . o; 9f]sf eGbf aflx/

klg ;fgf] cf/fd ug]{ nla agfOPsf] lyof] .

h'g nlaaf6tn emg{ ;lsg] u/L tLg j6f

nfdf]–nfdf] :nf]kaf6f] agfOPsf] lyof] . h'gaf6f]af6 ;lhn} XjLnlro/df d tnemg{ ;Sy] .

o;n] ToxfF s] b]vfp5 eg] ;fË JolQm eGbf

ckfËtf ePsf JolQm k|fs[lts k|sf]kdf a9L

hf]lvdf x'G5g / pgLx¿sf] nflu Tof] jftfj/0f

lgdf{0f ug'{k5{ eGg] ;f]+r ljsf; eO;s]sf] 5 .

o;/L x]bf{ ca xfdLn] s'g} klg k|fs[lts k|sf]k

;Defljt If]qdf ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf]

tYofÍ lhNnf k|sf]k ;ldltn] /fVg' kb{5 .

Emergency Planning ubf{ ckfËtf ePsf

JolQmx¿åf/f ;~rflnt ;+:yf (DPOs) x¿;Fu

;dGjo u/L ckfËtfsf] k|s[lt, pgLx¿nfO{

p¢f/ ubf{ rflxg] ;fdfu|L, ;xof]usf af/]df

lhNnf k|sf]k ;ldltn] hfgsf/L lng' kb{5 .

To;f] ubf{ lhNnf k|sf]k ;ldltnfO{ cem ;lhnf]

x'g]5 . csf]{ tkm{ k|fs[lts k|sf]k k"j{ ;fjwfgL

ckgfpgsf nflu ;~rf/ ul/g] ;'rgfsf]

dfWod, ckfËtfd}lq x'g'kb{5 . ljz]if u/]/

alx/f / cltc;Qm ckfËtf ePsf Joltmx¿n]

;dodf ;"rgf kfpg ;Sb}gg\ / pgLx¿ cem

hf]lvddf kb{5g\ . cfktsflngåf/ jf dfu{x¿

ljleGg k|fs[ltsf ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf]

nflu ;xh / kx'Frof]Uo lgdf{0f ul/g' kb{5 .

k|fs[lts k|sf]ksf] hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu

;+rfng u/Lg] tflnd, tof/ kfl/g] k|rf/k|;f/

;fdfu|L, ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] ;Nnfx

/ pgLx¿sf] k|ToIf ;xeflutfdf ug{'kb{5 .

lhNnf k|sf]k Go"gLsf/0f ;ldlt, ;fd'bflos

k|sf]k Go"gLs/0f ;ldltdf plgx¿sf] k|ToIf

;xeflutf u/fpg' kb{5 . o;/L ckfËtf ePsf

Joltmx¿nfO{ k|fs[lts k|sf]kaf6 hf]ufpg

pNn]lvt ;jfnx¿df ;DalGwt lgsfo nfUg'

kb{5 eg] ckfËtf ;DaGwL ;+3;Fu7gx¿n]

klg o; ;jfndf ljleGg sfo{s|dx¿ Nofpg'cfjZo b]lvG5 .


jif{ –!@, cÍ–!*, @)&!

x/]s bfz{lgsx¿sf] hLjgk|ltsf] cf—cfˆg} b[li6sf]0f / kl/efiff eP h:t} d]/f] klg hLjgk|ltsf] cfˆg} k[ys b[li6sf]0f 5 . jf:tjdf d]/f]nflu hLjg Ps cg'ej} cg'ejx¿sf] ;Fufnf] xf] lsgsL dflg; hGd]sf] lbgb]lv cg'ej ug{ k|f/De u5{ / gd¿~h]n;Dd cg'ej} cg'ejdfq ul//x]sf]] x'G5 . s'g} klg JolQmsf] hLjghGd]b]lv gd¿~h]n;Ddsf] nflu k"0f{ ePsf]x'Fb}g . b]Vg]nfO{ k"0f{ h:tf] nfu]tfklg ef]Ug]nfO{ck"0f{ g} nfu]sf] x'G5 . o;y{, d}n] klg d]/f]hLjgsf] klxnf] k6s ljZjs} pTs[i6 ljsl;t /fi6« blIf0f sf]/Lofsf] cGt/f{li6«o e|d0f ug]{cj;/ kfPsf] lyPF . h;af6 d}n] gf}nf] cg'eju/]sf] 5' . pQm e|d0f d]/f] hLjgsf nflu cToGt}7"nf] zlQm ag]sf] dxz'; u/]sf] 5' .

Rehabilitation International (RI) / KoreanSociety for Rehabilitation of Persons with Disabilities (KSRPD) sf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf;g\ @))% b]lv k|f/De ePsf] cGt/f{li6«o cWoog sfo{qmddf g]kfnsf] klxnf] k|ltlglwsf ¿kdf ut cui6 @)!# df blIf0f sf]l/ofsf] /fhwfgL l;of]n e|d0f ug]{ cj;/ kfPsf] lyPF . ckfËtfePsf o"jfx¿sf] ljZjJofkL r'gf}ltx¿ ljifos pQm !# lbg] cWoog e|d0f sfo{qmd cui6 !( b]lv #!, @)!# ;Ddsf] lyof] . Plzof k|zflGtoIf]qx¿af6 cfJxfg ul/Psf]] pQm cGt/f{li6«o cWoog sfo{qmddf g]kfn ;lxt ef/t, aËnfb]z, e'6fg, kfls:tfg, lshL{ls:tfg, tfhls:tfg, lkmlnlkG;, OG8f]g]l;of / leotgfdaf6 !÷!hgf u/L hDdf !) hgf / :jo+ cfof]hs b]zaf6

* hgf ;xefuL ;lxt @hgf sfo{qmd ;+of]hsx¿ u/L hDdf @) hgfsf] ;d"xdf ;xefuL lyof}F .pQm cWoog sfo{qmdsf] d'Vo p2]Zo Plzof k|zflGto If]qdf / blIf0f sf]l/ofdf ePsfckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] ;d:of tyf r'gf}ltx¿sf ;DaGwdf j[xt\ 5nkmn ug]{ / ;f]r'gf}ltx¿sf ;dfwfgsf nflu ckfËtf ePs} o"jfx¿sf] Ifdtf clej[l4åf/f g]t[Tj ljsf; u/L ;xeflutfdf clej[l4 ug'{ /x]sf] lyof] .

!# lbg;Dd /x]sf] pQm cGt/f{li6«o cWoog sfo{qmdaf6 d}n] w]/} s'/fx¿ hfGg], a'‰g] /l;Sg] cj;/ kfPF . ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ cj;/ tPs} :yfgaf6 !) j6f ljleGg b]zx¿df eO/x]sf] ckfËtf cfGbf]ng ;DalGw lj:t[t ¿kdf hfgsf/L lng kfOof] eg] blIf0f sf]l/of h:tf] Ps clt ljsl;t b]zdf ckfËtf cfGbf]ngsf] P]ltxfl;s k[i7e"ld tyf o;sf ljsf;sf ;DaGwdf k|ToIf cWoog ug{ kfOof] .cWoog ;dofjlwdf xfdLn] ljz]ifu/L (KSRPD) / ToxfFsf] ckfËtf clwsf/ k|j4{gsf ;DaGwdfP]ltxfl;s k[i7e"ldsf ;DaGwdf hfgsf/L lng kfOof] . To;}u/L, :jfanDaL hLjgk4ltsf]cjwf/0ff tyf jt{dfg cj:yf / o;sf;xof]uL gLltx¿sf ;DaGwdf ;d]t Jojxfl/s¿kdf l;Sg kfOof] . jf:tjdf, blIf0f sf]l/ofn]ef}lts kx"Frdf ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] kx"Fr clje[l4sf nflu cToGt} ;x|fgLo / k|z+;gLosfo{ u/]sf] kfOof] eg] ;"rgf / k|ljlwsf] If]qdfklg plQs} dfqfdf gofF–gofF k|ljlwx¿sf]

ofqf ;+:d/0f

ckf·tf ePsf o"jfx¿sf] ljZjJofkL r'gf}ltx¿ ljifos Ps cGt/f{li6«o cWoog sfo{qmd

l;of]n, blIf0f sf]l/of


jif{ –!@, cÍ–!*, @)&!

ljsf; u/]sf] kfOof] . h;sf] kl/0ffd ckfËtfePsf JolQmx¿sf nflu b}lgs hLjgofkg lbg k|ltlbg ;xh / ;/n aGb} uPsf] cg'e"lt eof] .o;sf] kl/0ffd:j¿k ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf nflu :jfanDaL hLjg k4ltsf] Jojxfl/s sfof{Gjogdf qmlds ljsf; ePsf] kfOof] .

e|d0f cWoogsf qmddf xfdLn] ToxfFsf ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf nflu agfOPsf / alg/x]sfljleGg cfw'lgs k|sf/sf ;xof]uL ;fdfu|Lx¿ k|ToIf ¿kdf cjnf]sg ug{ kfof}F eg] ToxfFsf] ;fF:s[lts k/Dk/fsf] klg b[Zofjnf]sg u/]sf lyof}F . e|d0fs} qmddf xfdLn] blIf0f sf]l/ofsf]ckfËtf ;DalGw ag]sf] 3/]n' P]g, j}b]lzs gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx¿, Incheon Strategy (2012 to 2022), ckfËtf / cGt/f{li6«o ljsf;tyf ;xz|flAb ljsf; nIodf ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] ;xeflutf tyf To;df blIf0f sf]l/ofn] xfn;Dd ul//x]sf]] sfd / eljiodfug{ ;Sg] sfdsf ;DaGwdf 5nkmn, tyf k/fdz{ sfo{qmdx¿df ;xeflu eOof] . xfdLn]blIf0f sf]l/ofdf cWoogsf] qmddf Korean Council Center for Independent Living of Persons with Disabilities, Korea Agency for Digital Opportunity and Promotion, National Assembly, Ministry of Health and Welfare,KOICA, Korea Employment Agency for the Disabled, Junglip Electronic, National Human Rights Commission nufotsf :yfgx¿sf]:ynut e|d0f u/L ljleGg k|sf/sf hfgsf/Lx¿ lng kfOPsf] lyof] .

!# lbg;Ddsf] nfdf] o; cGt/f{li6«o cWoog sfo{qmd l;sfOsf b[li6sf]0fn] cToGt} kmnbfoL /Xof] . d}n] u/]sf] ;f] cWoogsf] ljZn]if0ffg';f/blIf0f sf]l/of ljsf;sf b[li6sf]0fn] cToGt} cufl8 5 . ;"rgf / k|ljlwsf] If]qdf nfdf]km8\sf] df/]sf] 5 . xfd|f] b]z / blIf0f sf]l/ofdf

kfPsf] d'Vo km/s eg]sf] xfd|f] b]zdf æw]/} gLlt yf]/} sfof{GjogÆ pgLx¿sf] b]zdf æyf]/} gLlt w]/} sfof{GjogÆ xf] . pgLx¿ agfOPsf gLltlgodx¿sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogdf k"0f{ ¿kdf hf]8 lbFbf /x]5g\ . ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf]clwsf/sf nflu ;/sf/ cToGt} ;+j]bgzLn /x]sf] kfOof] . ;/sf/L ;+/rgfsf cfwf/df x]bf{blIf0f sf]l/ofdf ckfËtf clwsf/ k|j4{gsf nflu k|wfgdGqLsf] ;+of]hsTjdf dGqfnosf dGqLx¿ ;b:o /xg] u/L sfo{bn agfOPsf] /x]5 . o;n]ubf{ agfOPsf gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx¿sf] lg/Gt/ kmnf]ck ug]{ / dGqLx¿n] To;sf] k|ultsf];DaGwdf lg/Gt/ hfgsf/L u/fO/xg] ul/bf] /x]5 . o;sf] k|d'v ljz]iftf eg]sf] ckfËtfsf]d'2fnfO{ /fli6«o d'2fsf] ¿kdf k|fyldsLs/0f ul/Psf]] /x]5 h;sf sf/0f k|To]s dGqfno ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] d'2fk|lt ;+j]bgzLn eO{ clgjfo{ ¿kdf sfd ug}{ kg]{ /x]5 . blIf0fsf]l/ofdf ckfËtf cfGbf]ng ;kmn x'g'sf] k|d'vsf/0f eg]sf] ToxfFsf ckfËtf cfGbf]ngsdL{x¿n] cfˆgf] clwsf/sf] cfGbf]ngsf qmddf @÷$ hgfn] hLjgsf] cfx'lt g} lbPsf /x]5g\ h;sf] kl/0ffd:j¿k cfh b]lvg] kl/jt{g k|fKt ePsf] /x]5 . blIf0f sf]l/ofsf] csf]{ ljz]iftf eg]sf]gLlt Joj;foLs s]Gb|x¿n] ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] clwsf/ k|j4{gsf nflu Joj;flos ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTj (Corporate Social Responsibility) sf] /fd|f] ljsf; u/]sf] kfOof] .

blIf0f sf]l/ofsf] e|d0fn] dnfO{ jf:tjdf ckfËtf cfGbf]ngdf cfˆgf xsclwsf/ :yflkt ug{sf nflu lg/Gt/ ;+3if{ ug{ cToGt} pTk|]l/t u/]sf] 5 . ;du| ckfËtf cfGbf]ng / o"jf cfGbf]ngdfckfËtf ePsf o"jfx¿sf] klxrfg, pgLx¿sf] ;xeflutf / lg0ff{os k|lqmofdf ;dfj]z tyflgoGq0fsf] cefj 5 . o; sf/0f kl5Nnf] ;dod ;du| cfGbf]ngdf ckfËtf ePsf o"jfx¿sf]xsclwsf/ :yflkt ug{sf nflu gofF 9fFrfdf gljgtd\ ;f]Frsf ;fy nflu k/]sf] 5' .


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I came to Nepal to build on thework of one of the countries most experienced and respected travel professionals, PankajPadhanananga of Four SeasonTravel and Tours. My assignmentwas to experience and evaluate the accessibility for wheelchair users of their Nepal sampler itinerary. It includes Kathmandufor culture, Chitwan for a jungleexperience and Pokhara to getclose to the Himalayas. Since Iuse a wheelchair and travel witha personal assistant part of theproject was to build the capacity of their suppliers, including personal care assistants.

Something new is happening in the world. Never beforehave had so many people with

The Challenges and Promise of Inclusive Tourism in Nepal

By Dr. Scott Rains

Dr. Scott Rains writes daily on travel and issues in the tourism industry of interest to people with disabilities. His work appears online at www.RollingRains.com. Heis the founder of the global forum on Inclusive Tourism – Tour Watch. Rains’articles have appeared in numerous publications: New Mobility, Emerging Horizons, Venture, Brave New Traveler, Challenges, TravelBiz Monitor, Enabled Online, Contours, Accessible Portugal, Audacity, Travel and Transitions, eTur Brazil, Success & Ability, Turismo Polibea, and Disaboom among others. Dr. Scott cameto Nepal in May 2014 to promote the accessible tourism in Nepal. During his short visit, he visited Kathmandu, Chitwan and Pokhara to practically see the situation of accessibility and met with with many stakeholders from government agencies, private agencies and disabled people organizations' leaders to work for promoting accessible tourism in Nepal. NAPD-Nepal, in this regards, requested him to write an article comprising the real learning from Nepal.


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disabilities had the possibility to live such long and productive lives. In fact, never has the older population of the world outnumbered the young as it does today. The rules of that futureare being born in choices we make today. I applaud my friend PankajPradhananga for allowing me, throughthe sponsorship of Four Season Traveland Tours, to place before you theopportunity to choose an approach to doing business that ethically and sustainably draws in this underserved market. I wanted to write each personwho attended the workshops because it is clear you are motivated to follow through.

Already a joint Nepali andinternational group have formed to build the country’s first accessible public restroom in Kathmandu. I’dlike to see one simultaneously built in Chitwan and Pokhara so I can beginto tell the world that inclusion of travelers with disabilities is a nationalvalue in Nepali hospitality and so that Nepali businesses would see more of us active in society.

In my final workshop which was at the US Embassy in Kathmandu I leftbehind a challenge for Nepalese aswell as development programs run by my own country. I specified these stepsin my final report to key stakeholders:

Hold professional training for airports and airlines by Chicago's Open Doors Organization

Purchase lift-equipped vans by hotels for airport pick up and side trips such

as those modified by Braun Lifts ofMinnesota

Train a national pool of PersonalCare Assistants using internationally accepted standards using experienced trainers such a those at the Philippine'sPINATI.

Build a photo collection showing realdisabled people as models enjoying Nepal using the stock photo service PhotoAbility.net.

See to it that there are at least one hotel room independently accessible wth ADA-like international standards(especially with a roll-in shower) ateach Nepali tourist destination city.

The challenges are significant. Nepal will not be a disabled-friendlydestination over night – but it can besoon.

In 2002 and again in 2005 a studydone in the USA showed that American with disabilities was spending $13.6 billion annually on travel. Europe estimates that its disabled population spends even more. Australia claims that its travelers with disabilities add at least another $9 billion each year.When the tourism sector in Nepal understands that it is hurting itself by not serving this market not only will hotels and airlines change but that spirit of social inclusion will spill over to education, employment and public infrastructure.

The key to achieving tourism for all in Nepal is a practical approach knownas Universal Design. It begins by


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observing that real people come in a variety of shapes, sizes and levelsof ability. It seeks to create for hebroadest range of people under the broadest range of conditions so that a product, space or service does notneed to be later modified for so called "special” people or circumstances.Universal Design imagines people with disabilities, child, and older people as participating in society. Then it buildsto allow that to happen.

To allow Nepalese tourism to grow toits potential here is a list of the Goalsof Universal Design as developed by Professor Edward Steinfeld. Amore detailed version of these goals, with examples of each, is found in his recent book, Universal Design: Creating Inclusive vironments (Wiley &Sons, Inc.).

Goal 1: Body Fit – Accommodating awide a range of body sizes and abilities

Goal 2: Comfort – Keeping demandswithin desirable limits of body function

Goal 3: Awareness – Ensuring thatcritical information for use is easily perceived

Goal 4: Understanding – Makingmethods of operation and use intuitive, clear and unambiguous

Goal 5: Wellness – Contributingto health promotion, avoidance of disease and prevention of injury

Goal 6: Social Integration – Treatingall groups with dignity and respect

Goal 7: Personalization– Incorporatingopportunities for choice and the expression of individual preferences

Goal 8: Cultural Appropriateness –Respecting and reinforcing cultural values and the social and environmental context of any design project

I have no doubt after my experiencetraveling through Nepal that this human-centered social philosophy is culturally appropriate with Nepalese values. I also see signs of enthusiasmfor greater inclusion in tourism around the country. I look forward toevaluating the practical that will have taken place when I return next year.


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Q. Could you please share us

your visit purpose to Nepal ?

Response: Our organization, the Institute for Community Inclusion (ICI) had a great opportunity to host anIREX fellow-Sagar Prasain from Nepallast Fall. The Institute for CommunityInclusion is a freestanding center atUMASS Boston that supports the rights of children and adults with disabilities to participate in all aspects of the community. Mr. Prasain’s goal was tolearn about U.S. disability law, policiesand practices. He accomplished this goal yet we achieved much more which truly benefited our staff. Mr. Prasaineducated us about what it’s like to livewith and experience disability in Nepal. As a result, our staff became muchmore culturally responsive in how they approach people with disabilities from other countries.

Mr. Prasain and I also deve lopeda project and strategies to addresssome of the access and issues in Nepal, through his newly formed nongovernmental organization, Sangai Hami. I was fortunate to obtaina travel grant to Nepal to continue ourcollective work. My main objectives were to:

provide a training on access,mmodations, Universal Design, CRPD and inclusion to participants with and without disabilities

learn as much as I could about whatit’s like to live with a disability in Nepal

learn about advocacy activities, disability services and supports from visiting many DPOs and talking to leaders in the disability community

My trip and the opportunity to learn from others in Nepal was a life

Interview with Ms Paula Sotnik Email: [email protected]

Website: www.serviceandinclusion.org

Ms. Paula Sotnik is a recognized expert consultant, trainer andauthor on access and accommodations; culture brokering; diversity; outreach and recruitment strategies; team and partnership development; measurable outcome oriented strategic planning; national service, volunteerism and disability legislation, policy knowledge and practice acquired through years of personal, educational and professional life experiences. She serves as a consultant reviewer and trainer for an internationalfellowship exchange program. As part of her action, she came to Nepal coordinating with Sagar Prasain – a youth with disability, and provided training on fund raising andproject proposal writing skills to the twelve different Disabled People Organizations (DPOs) leaders at NAPD-Nepal. At the mean time, the following interview was taken with her particularly focusing on her visit to Nepal. Her responses to the questions in interview were given in details:

Ms. Paula Sotnik


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changing experience for me. I amtruly grateful to all in Nepal who spent time and educated me. Also I amvery grateful to the U.S. Departmentof State grant awarded to the IREX Community Solutions Program, whichmade Mr. Prasain’s fellowship and mytrip to Nepal possible. I truly hope toreturn to this beautiful and embracing country one day in the future and continue to work with my new friends to achieve a fully inclusive Nepal.

Q. How did you find the disability

movement in Nepal ?

Response:Response: With very little resources,a group of very dedicated committedpeople who are passionate about equality and inclusion and possess a strong and consistent voice, aremaking a huge difference in Nepal.From the capacity development andleadership of National Federation ofthe Disabled Nepal and the National Association of the Physical Disabled Nepal to the dedication by mothers’ of children with Down Syndrome starting the Down Syndrome Society of Nepal in a mother’s home, these individualsare accomplishing a shared goal ofproviding opportunities for individuals with disabilities of all ages to learn grow and succeed. I met with ayoung woman who, recognizing alack of services for youth with autism and other intellectual disabilities left her government position to start amuch needed school, Special School

for Disabled and Rehabilitation Center. This school has successfullytransitioned children to regular education classes. And I learned muchfrom the work by staffs of the National Association of Hard of Hearing and Deafened Nepal, who are educating schools and parents of young children to recognize and address hearing disabilities.

I was so inspired by the youngleaders with disabilities who tirelessly,articulately and intelligently study best practices, inclusive policies and strategies for potential application to Nepal. These young leaders are our future and this effort will make for a future inclusive Nepal. I was veryencouraged by young leaders without disabilities in healthcare, architecture, media and communication fields who participated in our training and developed action plans on how they will advance equal rights, access and inclusion in their respective fields and professionals. So, while accessibility issues exist and progressive programs for people with significant disabilities are still in development, the efforts and strength of committed Nepalis, with and without disabilities, will continue the momentum necessary for including all citizens in their communities, regardless of ability or disability, and valuing their individualcontributions.


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Q. What are the major

differences that you have found

between your country and

Nepal in terms of protecting and

promoting the human rights of

Persons with Disabilities ?

Response: The United States has along history of advocacy for equal rights, culminating in the Civil Rights Act of 1964. This Act laid the foundation for equal civil and human rights for individuals with disabilities, leading to a number of laws startingwith the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) in 1990 and others. The ADA is a wide-ranging civil rights law that prohibits, under certain circumstances, discrimination basedon disability. These laws would nothave been passed without advocacy by individuals with disabilities. Oneaction, called the Capitol Crawl is seen by many present-day disabilityactivists in the United States as being the single action most responsible for 'forcing' the ADA in to law. Over60 activists left their wheelchairs and mobility devices and began crawling the 83 stone steps up to the U.S. CapitolBuilding to demonstrate the unfairness and even cruelties of inaccessibility.The ADA was passed shortly after andthis strong advocacy action symbolizes how people with disabilities unite, have a voice and make a difference.

Although Nepal progressed and

ratified the Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities and enactedlaws, e.g., the Social Welfare Act1992 and the Education Act of 2000, Nepalis with disabilities indicate that these laws and related policies are not implemented and there are no consequences for noncompliance. More importantly, I learned thatthese laws mandate what should be “provided” to people with disabilities with rather than guaranteeing equal rights for individuals to actively and meaningfully participate in society.Also, language in these laws indicate the government has the power to provide access and supports but is not obligated to ensure equal and accessible resources and services. Thus, governmental authorities may be able to postpone or deny demands for equal conditions due to a lack ofresources. However, it may not be fairto compare countries and we need to take Nepal’s political history into account. Nepalis have only been able to exercise and enjoy democratic rights since 2006, a relatively brief period inwhich to see major systemic changes. However, this new democratic societywill continue to set a strong foundationfor the future development of rights based disability policy.

Q. As being a disability right experthaving more than twenty years of working experience, what do you see the major gaps to be worked for


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towards promoting the rights of PWDs in Nepal ??

Response:Response: The first factor that comesto mind is the need to increase individuals with disabilities who have decision-making power in leadership roles in government. Secondly, equalityand inclusion is everyone’s business and responsibility, not just peoplewith disabilities and DPOs. Thus it is critical to educate government, employers, students, schools, non-disability related NGOs, health care workers and more. Education should not just focus on legal compliance but focus on stories of how citizens with disabilities are important to Nepali society. Individuals telling theirstories about how they have made positive and significant contributions to their families, community and society are paramount. Educatingeveryone that people with disabilities, with opportunities to equal access and supports if needed, are and can become are teachers, doctors, lawyers, mothers, fathers, and leaders in Nepal. And any education efforts should focus on Universal Design to show everyone how elements of inclusive programmatic and architectural design doesn’t just benefit individuals with disabilities, but benefits everyone!

Additionally, I frequently heard that thegovernment has the laws but lacks aviable implementation plan to ensure and promote the rights of individuals

with disabilities. As mentioned, strong consistent Nepali NGOs and DPOs can work together to develop a strongcoordinated and united effort, with one voice, to compel and assist with the development and implementation of aplan for accessibility and inclusion that includes overall goals with concrete and measurable objectives, and most importantly an evaluation system that holds all parties accountable. Like the U.S., all structures and agencies thatthat are funded by or benefit from government funds lead the example in becoming fully accessible and inclusive. By doing so, these entities can set a good example for businesses andother community resources to achieve accessibility so that all individuals may benefit.

Q. It is obvious that its state's

first responsibility to protect and

promote the fundamental rights

of its every citizen. However, it

seems very desperate in terms

of persons with disabilities

not only in particular country

instead globally. Therefore,

what do you think it to be so ?

Response: Circumstances and views of people with disabilities are changing for the better, but doing so very slowly.In the not too distant past, people with disabilities were viewed as recipients, objects of charity,powerlessandwithouta voice. Governmental officials did notprioritize the interests and needs of the


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disability community. Over the pastyears, there has been an increased emphasis on supporting more individuals with disabilities to vote and have more of a voice in choosingtheir political leaders. We are alsonow seeing people with disabilities assuming more leadership positions, in valued roles in the media and actively engaged in their communities. However in many developing countries people with disabilities still lack essential services and access to education, work, health services and participation in the governmental decisions. We are still facing prejudiceand being thought of as “less than” bymany of our fellow citizens. I remainoptimistic that the Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities willuniversally mandate that states should uphold the rights of everyone. I seean increase in our youth and young adults, with and without disabilities, taking the Convention very seriously and strongly advocating for equal access and inclusion. This trend, by our young leaders, will create a moreequalizing and accessible future in which countries and states prioritize the needs and interests of individuals with disabilities.

Q. Finally, thank you so much

for your precious time and

opinions for the above raised

queries. Would you like to say

anything more besides these ?

Response:Response: As mentioned the DPOswork tirelessly with little to no resources. Many of the staff are not paid or paid very little for long hours. Some funds might be provided by government, donations and/or by other international organizations but may not be enough to support all the work that is necessary to successfully implement projects that make adifference in the lives of individuals with disabilities. From talking withmany of the DPOs it seems that acapacity building effort is needed to assist DPOs to obtain and manage larger government and foundation grants. The focus should encourage effective partnering to build a strongproposal and leverage resources, working with an intermediary seasoned organization that not only subcontracts small amounts to DPOs but, more importantly, replicatescompetitions through which DPOs may hone their skills to develop strong and winning proposals, and subsequently be funded. This strategy, successfullyused in the Unites States, may hold promise for Nepali DPOs to increase their ability to self-sufficiently compete and be awarded significant grants, without relying on larger international organizations for small subcontracts.


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h;/L ;a} JolQmnfO{ uf;, af; / skf;sf]cfjZostf kb{5 To;/L g} oftfoftsf ;fwgx¿sf] klg plQs} cfjZostf / dxTj5 . o;sf] k|d'v sf/0f eg]sf] dflg;sf]udglzntfsf] clwsf/ xf] . em§ x]bf{ oftfoftsf;fwgx¿ eGgfn] u'8\g] uf8L tyf a;x¿ dfq} a'lemg] ePtfklg oxfF xfdL ;a} lsl;dsf ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf nflu pko'Qm x'g] lsl;dsf ;jf/L ;fwgx¿sf] s'/f u5f}{+ .;fy;fy}, ;fj{hlgs oftfoftdf dlxnfx¿sf] s'/f ubf{ ljz]ifu/L ;fj{hlgs oftfoftdf lbOg] ckfËtf cf/If/0f l;6 tyf ckfËtf ePsf dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf af/]df s'/f ug'{kg]{x'G5 . o;} k|;Fudfd}n] cfkm"n] ;fj{hlgs oftfoft k|of]u ubf{ef]Ug'k/]sf] jf:tljs tYox¿nfO{ hf]8\g rfxfG5' .;a}eGbf klxn] Pp6f jf:tljs 36gfaf6 k|f/De ug{ rfxG5' . d k|foMh;f] cfˆgf]sfof{nosf] sfdn] ubf{ b}lgsh;f] sf]6]Zj/af6sfnf]k'n hfg] ub{5' . o;/L hfg] qmddf d}n]sf]6]Zj/af6 ldqkfs{;Dd / ToxfFb]vL sfnf]k'n;Dd u/L b'Oj6f uf8L r8\g] u5'{ . sl/acfwf 306fsf] ;do nfUg] of] af6f]sf] ofqfdf k|foM d a; r9\g] u5'{ lsgsL cGo ;jf/L ;fwgeGbf d]/f] nflu a; g} pko'Qm x'g] ub{5 . t/, da; r9\g] qmddf a;df bfFof kl§sf] ckfËtf l;6 / afFof kl§ dlxnf cf/If0f l;6df h;sf] lgDtLtf]lsPsf] x'G5 pxfFx¿ geP/ cGo JolQmåf/f g} el/Psf] x'G5 . slxn]sfxLF t k'?if ;fyLx¿ cg'/f]wu/]kZrft p7Llbg'x'G5 . t/, ;w}F ;a} hgfn]To;f] ug{ dfGg'x'Gg . o:tf] cj:yfdf /fHon]Joj:yf u/]sf] sfg'gL Joj:yfsf] Jojxfl/s sfof{Gjog eof] of ePg eg]/ cg'udg ug'{clt cfjZos 5 . cf/lIft l;6x¿ ckfËtfePs} JolQmx¿sf nflu ;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu xfdL cfkmF} klg k|of; ul//x]sf] x'G5f}+ eg] o:tf]

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csf]{ s'/f ;fj{hlgs oftfoftleq lx+;fsf] s'/fclnslt hf]8\g rfxG5' . xfdL ;a}nfO{ yfxf 5/ xfdL ;a} ofqf ug]{ u5f}{+ . k|foM ofqf ug]{ s|ddfdlxnf dfly lx+;f a9L ePsf] xfdL e]6\5f}F .Psbd} x'nd'nsf] ;dodf olb ckfËtf l;6df sf]xL c¿ ckfËtf ePsf ;fyL g} a;]sf] /dlxnf l;6df klg dlxnf lbbL alxgL g} a;]sf]cj:yfdf pxfFx¿nfO{ p7fpg] cj:yf klg x'Fb}g .o:tf] a]nfdf pleg'kg]{ g} cj:yf x'G5 . o:tf]kl/l:yltdf x'nd'nsf] kmfObf p7fP/ sltko k'?if ;fyLx¿n] dlxnf dfly ljleGg k|sf/sf lx+;fTds ls|ofsnfk ul//x]sf] x'G5g\ . h:t},s'lxgfn] w]/} g} wsNg], lxkn] ws]Ng], v'§fx¿ s'lNrlbg], dlxnfsf ;+j]bglzn c+ux¿5f]O{lbg], g/fd|f zAbx¿sf] k|of]u u/]/lh:sfpg], xftx¿ ;dfpg] cflb . o;sf sf/0fn]ofqf ug]{ dlxnfnfO{ lxgtfaf]w x'g'sf ;fy}c;'/lIft dxz'; x'g] ub{5 . To;sf] kl/0ffd:j¿kdlxnf ofq'x¿nfO{ uf8Lx¿df ofqf ug{ dg} gnfUg klg ;Sb5 . o:tf 36gfx¿ ePsf]a]nfdf :jo+ kLl8t dlxnfn] dnfO{ o:tf] eof] eg]/ cfjfh p7fOPtf klg uf8Lsf cGo ofq'x¿n] p;nfO{ g/fd|f] ¿kdf lng], eL8dfws]lNnG5 gL, 5f]OxfN5 gL, of] dlxnf g} v/faxf] eGg] tl/sfn] hjfkm lbg] ul/Psf]]n] w]/} dlxnfx¿ cfkm' lx+;fdf k/]tfklg ;x]/ a;]sf] cj:yf 5 . olb eGg rfx] klg sxfF eGg], s;nfO{eGg] / p;n] To;sf] afkt hl/jfgf sf]af6

;fj{hlgs oftfoftdf ckf·tf ePsf dlxnfx¿sf] ;jfn


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lng], p;n] Gofo kfpg] ls gkfpg] eGg] h:tf s'/fx¿sf] k|i6tf 5}g . o;y{, o:tf d'2fx¿sf];Daf]wgsf nflu s;}n] klg ;xof]u gug]{ ePsf]n] cem} klg oftfoftsf ;fwgx¿ leq Psbd} w]/} lx+;fx¿ 3l6/x]sf] xfdLn] kfO/x]sf 5f}F . /xfdL cfkm}n] klg b}lgs h;f] o:tf s's[Tox¿sf] lzsf/ x'g afWo 5f}F .

o:t} cj:yf ljBdfg /lx/x]df g]kfndf ePsf gLltlgdf{0f stf{x¿n] cem}klg ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf nflu s:tf] lsl;dsf] oftfoftsf] ;fwg Nofpg'k5{ / s;/L To;nfO{ Joj:yfkgug'{k5{ eGg] s'/fx¿ cfh;Dd klg ;f]lrPsf] 5}g . To:t} u/L ;femf a;s} s'/f ubf{ klgk5fl8af6 r9]/ cuf8Laf6 emg]{ h'g Joj:yf 5 To;sf] b'/L klg cln nfdf] ePsf] sf/0fn]ubf{ ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf nflu /flvPsf] l;6;Dd g} k'Ug sl7g x'g] cj:yf 5 . To;}n]To:tf ;fj{hlgs oftfoftsf ;fwg agfpbf ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf nflu dfq geP/ ue{jtL dlxnf, h]i7 gfu/Lsx¿ ;a}nfO{ ;xh x'g] vfnsf ;jf/L ;fwgx¿ agfPdf ;a}sf] nflu;fj{hlgs ;jf/L ;fwg kx'Frof]Uo x'g ;Sb5 .csf]{ s'/f g]kfndf ;fj{hlgs oftfoftdfIfdtf eGbf a9L ofq' /fVg] x'gfn] klg a9L lx+;fx'g uPsf] kfpg ;lsG5 . To:tf] le8ef8dfckfËtf ePsf JolQm tyf dlxnfn] ;jf/L ;fwgdf r9\g] cj;/ klg Psbd} Go'g x'g] ub{5 lsgsL XjLnlro/ k|of]ustf{ tyf ;]tf] 58L k|of]ustf{ JolQmx¿nfO{ uf8Ldf r9fpg ;Sg] cj:yf g} x'b}g . pgLx¿nfO{ ;xof]u u/]/uf8Ldf r9fpg w]/} ;do nfUg] x'Fbf ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿nfO{ b]v]/ klg uf8L g} g/f]Sg];d:of 5 . To;}n] ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿To;df klg dlxnfx¿sf] oftfoftsf ;fwgdf kxF'r Psbd} Go'g /x]sf] 5 . gLltlgdf{0fstf{x¿n] klg o:tf s'/fx¿nfO{ Psbd} ljrf/ u/]/ gLltlgod agfpg] a]nfdf ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] ;+nUgtf a9fpg ;s]df cem}

/fd|f] x'g] lyof] . ckfËtf ePsf dlxnfx¿sf];fj{hlgs oftfoftdf lx+;fsf] Go'gLs/0fsf] nflu klg ;j{k|yd t ;/sf/n] Pp6f dfkb08lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 . o;f] x'g ;s]df eL8sf]df}sf p7fpg]x¿n] Tof] cj;/ kfpb}gg\ eg] l;6df ePsf] JolQmn] lx+;fTds sfd u/]df c¿n] klg b]Vg ;S5g\ / ;fy lbg ;S5g\ .csf]{ s'/f kLl8t :jo+n] klg cfjfh p7fpg ;Sg] cj:yf /xG5 . o;af6 lx+;f lgd'{n} kfg{g;lsPtf klg Go'gLs/0f eg] ug{ ;lsG5 .

oL ;a} s'/f ul//xFbf ;fj{hlgs oftfoftdf ;a} g/fd|} dfq x'G5 eg]/ a:g' eGbf klg xfdL cfkm'n] klg kxn ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . ha;Dd xfdL r'k nfu]/a:5f}F ta;Dd Gofo kfpb}gf}+ . pbfx/0fsf nflud}n] g} ef]u]sf] 36gf oxfFx¿ ;dIf hfgsf/Lu/fpg rfxG5' . Pslbg d sfnf] k'naf6 ldqkfs{cfpg] s|ddf d / d]/f] ;fyL ;+o'Qm oftfoft r9\of}+ . To;df n]lvPsf] dlxnf l;6df c¿ g} a:g'ePsf] x'Fbf xfdL b'a}hgfn] dlxnf l;6df dlxnf a:g kfpg'k5{ gL efO, To;}n] of] l;6 xfd|f] nfluldnfO lbg'; g eg]/ ha ;xrfnsnfO{ xfdLn]eGof}F Tolta]nf p;n] xfdLnfO{ Psbd} g/fd|f]zAbx¿ k|of]u u/L kf]yL af;]sf] /fd|f] x'b}geGb} ufnL u¥of] . xfdL klg p;Fu k|ltjfb u¥of}Fh;sf] sf/0fn] ToxfF xfdLx¿aLr emu8f g} k¥of] . o; 36gfn] xfdLnfO{ Psbd} g/fd|f] nfUof] /ldqkfs{df cf]ln{P/ uf8L gDa/ l6kL ;8s kf/L hfg] s|ddf Pshgf 6«flkms k|x/L;Fu e]6 eof] . e]6 x'gf;fy gLh;Fu d}n] uf8Ldf n]lvPsfdlxnf, ckfËtfl;6 pgLx¿s} nflu k|of]u x'g] u/]sf 5g\ ls 5}gg\ eg]/ xh'/x¿n] cg'udgug'{ePsf] 5 sL 5}g eg]/ k|Zg u/] . clg pxfFn]hjfkmdf cg'udg ul//x]sf]] / klxnfsf] t'ngfdfw]/} g} ;'wf/ cfPsf] atfpg' eof] . To;kZrft\,d}n] cfkm"dfyL ePsf] 36gf ;a} ;'gfP/ uf8L gDa/ pxfFnfO{ lbPF . pxfFn] dnfO{ ;femf a;dfr9fP/ ckfËtf l;6df a;fn]/ k7fpg'eof] .To;sf] b'O{ lbg kZrft\ dnfO{ 6«flkms k|x/L


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sfof{no uf}zfnfaf6 kmf]g cfof] / tkfO{dfly g/fd|f] Jojxf/ ug]{ ;xrfns / To;sf] rfnsnfO{uf8L ;lxt oxfF NofPsf 5f}F . To;}n] tkfO{F t'¿GtoxfF cfpg'k¥of] egL kmf]g ug'{eof] . ckm;f]r Û;f]xL ;dodf d !) lbgsf nflu ;+:yfutsfo{n] s}nfnL uPsf] sf/0f ToxfF cfpg ;Dej gePsf]n] pgLx¿nfO{ ;DemfP/ 5f]l8lbg cg'/f]w u/] . o; 36gfn] dnfO{ s] nfUof] eg] xfdLn]cfjfh p7fP/ 6«flkms;Dd k'¥ofof} eg] ToxfFaf6 Gofosf] nflu s]xL x'g]/x]5 t/ o;nfO{ s;/Llg/Gt/tf lbg] eGg] s'/fx¿ ;fF]Rg h¿/L5 . csf]{ tk{m o;/L 6«flkms k|x/Ln] cToGt};lqmotfsf ;fy xfd|f] ;jfndf ;'g'jfO{ ug{sf]k5f8L Tolta]nf /fli6«o zfl//Ls ckfË ;+3—g]kfnsf] Pp6f ;d"x g} lyof] / pQm ;d"xn];d"xut 5nkmn g} u/L Pp6f cleofg ;~rfng u/]sf] lyof] . o; cleofg cGt/ut o;n] slxn]oftfoft Joj:yf ljefunfO{, slxn] 6«flkmsnfO{, slxn] rfns t slxn] ;xrfnsnfO{ hfu¿s

ul//x]sf]] lyof] . h;n] ubf{ uf}zfnf sfnf]k'n/Tgkfs{ rNg] uf8Ldf -cfO;d]6«f]h_ ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿nfO{ s;/L uf8L r9fpg], s'g l;6df a;fNg] tyf s;/L cf]/fNg] eGg] s'/fdf pxfFx¿nfO{ cled'vLs/0f ul/Psf]]n] pxfFx¿n];xof]u ug'{ePsf] xf]nf eGg] dnfO{ nfUof] . /, ca o;nfO{ Ifl0fs eGbf klg s;/Llgoldt agfpg] eGg] s'/fdf Psbd} ;f]Rg' h¿/L 5 . /fli6«o:t/df ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sfnflu sfd ul//x]sf] ;+3;+:yfx¿n] klg a]nfa]nfdf oftfoft Joj:yf ljefu, dGqfno, 6«flkms, rfns, ;xrfnsnfO{ hgr]tgf clej[l4 ug]{ vfnsf sfo{s|d ug'{ clt g} h¿/L x'G5 .g]kfnsf hgtfdf cem};Dd klg ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿nfO{ l;6 5f]l8lbg' k5{, cf/lIft l;6sf] ;'lglZrttf x'g'k5{ eGg] efjgfsf] ljsf; geO;s]sf] x'Fbf Jofks ¿kdf hgr]tgfd'ns sfo{s|dsf] cfjZostf 5 .


jif{ –!@, cÍ–!*, @)&!

kx'Fro'Qm ef}lts jftfj/0f ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] clwsf/ k|fKt ug]{ klxnf] cfwf/ xf] . kx'Fr cfkm}df a[xt 5 . ckfËtf ePsfJolQmx¿sf] ;Gbe{df kx'Fr eGgfn] ef}lts,;fdflhs, cfly{s, gLltut cflb a'lemG5 .oxfF xfdL ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] nflu ef}lts cj/f]w, To;n] kf/]sf] r'gf}lt /;dfwfgsf pkfox¿df s]lGb|t 5f}+ . dflg;cfkm}n] lgdf{0f u/]sf] ef}lts ;+/rgfn] ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿ / cGo JolQmx¿df km/s5'6\ofPsf] x'G5 . ckfËtf dfgj ljljwtfsf]Ps kf6f] dfq} xf] . To;nfO{ ef}lts ;+/rgftyf jftfj/0fn] yf]/ ax't k|efj kf/]sf] x'G5 .ef}lts kx'Fr cGtu{t oftfoft tyf ;8s dflysf] kx'Fr, k}bn dfu{, vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{, k|ljlwdflysf] kx'Fr, ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/df kx'Fr tyf ;Dk"0f{ cfGtl/s tyf afX\o ef}lts ;+/rgfx¿ ;dfj]z ePsf x'G5g\ .

;fdfGotof Pp6f JolQmnfO{ lzIff lng],hLljsf]kfh{g ug]{, cfˆgf] :jf:Yo hfFr ug]{, dgf]/~hgsf s[ofsnfkx¿df efu lng] clwsf/ x'G5 . ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿nfO{ klg cfkm"nfO{dg k/]sf] ljBfno tyf ljZj ljBfnodf uP/ cWoog ug]{, ljZjf; nfu]sf] :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf cfkm'nfO{ hrfpg] clg cfˆgf] Ifdtfn] EofPsf] sfd ug]{ tyf ;fyLx¿;Fu 3'Dg kfs{ tyf l;g]df 3/df hfg] /x/ x'G5 / To;f] ug]{ k"0f{ clwsf/;d]t 5 . t/, g]kfndf ckfËtf ePs} sf/0fn]s"n hg;+Vofsf] em08} !%Ü JolQmx¿ cfˆgf oL clwsf/x¿af6 jl~rt 5g\ .

kx"Fr clej[l4sf pkfox¿ MckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] kx'Frdf j[l4 ug{' eg]sf] pgLx¿nfO{ ;dfhdf

k'g:yf{kgf ug'{ xf] . ckfËtfePsf JolQmx¿sf] kx'FrnfO{ j[l4 ug{ lgdf{0f ul/g] ef}lts k"jf{wf/x¿nfO{ ckfËtfd}lq agfpg' k5{ .g]kfn /fli6«o ejg lgdf{0f cfrf/ ;lx+tf @)^) n] klg o; ljifonfO{ pNn]v u/]sf] 5 .sd;]sd tNnf] tnf;Dd XjLnlro/ l5g{ ;Sg] k|j]zåf/ lgdf{0f ug'{ kg]{ tyf ¥ofDk lgdf{0fug'{ kg]{ pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . ef}lts kx'Fr eGgfn]XjLnlro/ dfq} geP/ j}zfvL, 6«fO;fOsn k|of]ustf{, b[li6ljxLg tyf alx/fx¿sf nflu a|]n tyf ;f+s]lts klxrfg x'g h¿/L x'G5 .To:t} g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f hf/L ul/Psf]] æckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] nflu ef}lts jftfj/0f tyf ;~rf/ ;]jfdf kx'Fr ;DalGw lgb]{lzsf @)^(Æ df clt ;'Id k|fljlws s'/fnfO{ ;dfj]z ul/Psf]] 5 . t/ cj:yf p:t} g} x'g'sf] k5f8L xfd|f]sfof{Gjog ug]{ z}nL lhDd]af/ /x]sf] b]lvG5 .

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfgn] klg ;Dk"0f{ gfu/Lsx¿nfO{ ;dfg Jojxf/ ul/g]5 eg]sf]5 . t/ ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿ ;dfhdf bf]>f]bhf{sf gful/s ;/x /xg afWo 5g\ . ckfËtfePsf JolQmx¿sf] nflu ag]sf] /fli6«o gLlt tyf sfo{qmd, ejg lgdf{0f cfrf/;lx+tf, ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] clwsf/ ;DalGw dxf;GwL nufotsf bh{gf}+ gLltlgodx¿ x'Fbfx'Fb} klg ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] ef}lts kx'Fr ;xh x'g ;s]sf] 5}g h;sf sf/0f xhf/f}+ ckfËtf ePsf afnaflnsfx¿ ljleGg ;]jf ;'ljwfx¿sf] pkef]uaf6 jl~rt 5g\ . xhf/f}+ ckfËtf ePsfdlxnfx¿ of}g tyf k|hgg\ :jf:Yo lngaf6

kx'“ro'Qm ef}lts jftfj/0f lgdf{0fsf cj/f]w tyf ;dfwfgsf pkfox¿


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alGrt 5g\ . xhf/f}+ ckfËtf ePsf o"jfx¿a]/f]huf/ eP/ 3/df a:g afWo 5g\ . xhf/f}+ckfËtf ePsf j[4j[4fx¿ ;8sdf dfu]/ a:g afWo 5g\ of t s'g} j[4f>ddf si6s/ hLjgJoltt ul//x]sf 5g\ .

ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] clwsf/ ;DalGw cGt/f{li6«o dxf;lGw @))^ n] plgx¿sf] kx'Frsf] ljifodf af]n] klg To;sf] sfof{Gjog x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfhsNof0f dGqfnon] ;Dk"0f{ ef}lts ;+/rgfx¿nfO{ tyf ;"rgf tyf ;+rf/nfO{ ckfËtfd}qL agfpg lgb]{lzsf g} hf/L u/]tfklg To;sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . xfdL;Fu gLlttyf lgodsf] cefj 5}g . t/, ePsf gLltlgodtyf lgb]{lzsfx¿nfO{ s;/L sfof{jog ug]{eGg] lb3{sflng /0fgLltsf] cefj 5 . g]kfn;/sf/n] æckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] nflu ef}lts jftfj/0f tyf ;~rf/ ;]jfdf kx'Fr ;DalGw lgb]{lzsf @)^(Æ df hfl/ ul/;s]sf]] 5 .t/, To;sf] k|efjsfl/tf b]Vg eg] kfOPsf] 5}g .lgb]{lzsf k|efjsf/L eof] ePg eg]/ d"NofÍg ug]{ ;do gePklg lgb]{lzsf kof{Kt tof/L lagf g} cfPsf]] b]lvG5 . oxfF lgb]{lzsf eGbf klgckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿n] ef ] lu/x ]sfef}lts cj/f]wx¿nfO{ s;/L kx'Frof]Uo agfpg] eGg] ;jfn xf] . ef}lts ;+/rgfnfO{ kx'Frof]Uoagfpg s'g} Pp6f dfq} dGqfno jf ;+3;+:yfsf] e"ldsfn] k'Ub}g . ef}lts cj/f]w x6fpg] d'4f;Dk"0f{ ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] ;femf d'4f xf] . ;Dk"0f{;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] ;xsfo{ tyf ;fem]bf/Ln] dfq}oL cj/f]wx¿nfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ ;Dej 5 .

ckfË ;+/If0f tyf sNof0f P]g @)#(, ;jf/L tyf oftfoft P]g, jfo" ;]jf P]g, ;fj{hlgsoftfoft cfrf/ ;lx+tf ;/sf/n] NofPsf] lgb]{lzsf eGbf w]/} k'/fgf] x'g\ . lgb]{lzsf /dfly pNn]lvt P]g tyf lgodx¿ Ps cfk;df

aflemg] b]lvG5 . To;sf/0f ;a} eGbf klxn];DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu a;]/ ;xsfo{ u/L oL P]gx¿nfO{ ckfËtfd}lq agfpg h¿/Lb]lvG5 . gq kx'Fr lgb]{lzsfsf] sfof{Gjog;xh b]lvb}g . bf]>f], ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿k|lt ul/g] Jojxf/ tyf ;f]rfO{ xf] . ha;DdckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] af/]df ;sf/fTds ;f]Fr /flvGg ta;Dd kl/jt{g b]Vg ;Dej5}g . o:sf nflu ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿,pgLx¿sf] ;+:yf tyf ;DalGwt lgsfon] r]tgf tyf hfgsf/L d'ns cleofg ug{ cfjZos 5 .gLlt lgdf{0fsf] sfo{b]lv ;8s lgdf{0f;Ddsf sfo{x¿df ckfËtf ePsf JolQmnfO{ Pp6f gfu/Lssf] x}l;otn] g;f]r]/ sNof0fsf/L gh/n] x]g]{ u/]sf] kfOG5 . t]>f], ef}lts ;+/rgfnfO{kx'Frof]Uo agfpg] lhDd]jf/ lgsfo sf]–sf] x'g / plgx¿sf] lhDd]jf/L s]–s] xf] eGg] klxrfgug{ h¿/L 5 . lgb]{lzsf klg of] ljifodfdf}g 5 . dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfhsNof0fdGqfnonfO{ dfq} lhDd]jf/L lbP/ /fHosf cGo lgsfo klG5g kfpg] cj:yfdf b]lvb}glsgsL oL ;a} dGqfnox¿;Fu Pscsf{df cGt/;DalGwt 5g\ . ;"rgf, :yflgo, cy{,v]ns'b nufotsf dGqfnox¿sf] klg plQs} bfloTjsf] ljifo xf] . ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿tyf pgLx¿åf/f ;+rflnt ;+3;+:yfx¿ /cGt/f{li6«o bft[lgsfox¿n] ef}lts ;+/rgf tyf ;+rf/ ;]jfnfO{ kx'Fof]Uo agfpg klg plQs} dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng' kb{5 . kx'Frof]Uo jftfj/0flgdf{0f ug{sf nflu ;Dk"0f{ ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿nfO{ hjfkmb]lx agfpg h¿/L 5 .

cGTodf, ePsf gLltlgod, P]g sfg'gsf] sfo{Gjog eP gePsf] x]g]{ tyf ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ ;'emfj lbg d"NofÍg tyf cg'udg ug{ cToGt} h¿/L 5 . o;sf nflu ;DalGwt;/f]sf/jfnfx¿nfO{ ;d]6]/ dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfnosf] dftxtdf Pp6f


jif{ –!@, cÍ–!*, @)&!

;ldlt lgdf{0f ug{ h¿/L 5 . Tof] eGbf klgcl3 lgb]{lzsf sfof{Gjog ug{ s] s] ug{ ;lsG5 / To;sf nflu slt ;do nfU5 eg] j[xtlb3{sflng /0fgLlt agfpg' k5{ . /f0fgLlt cg';f/sfo{ ljefhg u/L ;DalGwt lgsfo cl3 a9\bf To;sf] k|ltkmn l5§} k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 . s'g} klgsfo{qmd nfu" ug'{ k"j{ To;n] lbg] k|ltkmn slt x'g], k|efj s:tf] /xg], ;/f]sf/jfnf sf]–sf] x'g\, ;d:of slQsf] hl6n 5 eGg] h:tf cfwf/e"tk|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ hfGg' h¿/L 5 . o;sf nflucg';Gwfg x'g h¿/L 5 . kx'Fr lgb]{lzsfcfpg' cl3 / cfPkl5 b]lvPsf kl/jt{g tyfeljiodf ug'{ kg]{ tof/Lsf nflu klg cg';Gwfg ug{ h¿/L 5 . lagf cg';Gwfg xr'jfsf] e/df

ul/Psf]] lg0f{on] lbg] k|ltkmn klg sdhf]/ x'G5 .Pp6f JolQmn] ckfËtf ePsf sf/0fn] lzIff, :jf:Yo, /f]huf/ tyf ;dfhaf6 alxlis[t x'g' x'Fb}g . ;dfhsf x/]s s[ofsnfkx¿df lagfcj/f]w p;n] ;xeflutf hgfpg kfpg' kb{5 .of] g} jf:tljs ;dfj]zL xf] . ckfËtf ePsfJolQm sdhf]/ xf]Ogg\, plgx¿ zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s ¿kdf sdhf]/ x'b}df /fHonfO{ of]ubfg lbg g;Sg] x'b}gg\ . To;}n], /fHosf] st{JopgLx¿nfO{ ;xh ¿kdf cfjthfjt ug{ kfpg] jftfj/0f lgdf{0f u/f];\, ;"rgf tyf ;+rf/af6 al~rt x'g gk/f];\ . ;Dk"0f{ gfu/Lssf] ;dfg;xeflutfaf6 dfq} /fHo ;+j[l4sf] af6f]df cl3 a9\g ;S5 .


jif{ –!@, cÍ–!*, @)&!

Waking up, dragging my bodyand legs towards ground, crawling myself towards small door, going tobathroom, getting toilet with great difficulty, taking shower with othersassistance with full humiliation, going out of house with other’s support, dragging my wheelchair, waitingsomeone else to carry my wheelchair up the stairs, (some sympathize on meand some intend to take advantage),crossing the crowded street, waiving hands, waiting for hours with fears in heart and finally returning back home without access to transport are the daily activities, I encounter most of the times.Voice of woman with disability

Referring to the above mentioned voice of woman with disability, let me beginmy discussion: Are there any places where women with disabilities (WWDs) can go/ live accessible¿ Are there places where WWDs are perceived as easily as others¿ Are there places where WWDs feel secured and dotheir work freely ?

The answers to these questions are complex because disability is a unique,multidimensional and contested issue (WHO, 2011) within the wider human

rights framework. Because of the multifaceted nature of disability, asdefined by Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 2006 defines‘the interaction between persons with impairments, attitudinal and environmental barriers that hinder their full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others’ (United Nations, 2006 ). Barriers to access are obstacles that make lives difficult, sometimes impossible for Persons withDisabilities (PwDs) to do the things. Barriers to accessibility like attitudinal, information and communication, technological, organizational and architectural and physical escort to numerous challenges for full participation in education, health and employment, support services and complete daily activities. Comparing these barriers the groups that confront discrimination / marginalization suchas women or ethnic minorities, PwDs face widespread challenges, several forms of discrimination range from assumptions about capabilities and dependency. So it is unfair on PwDsto simply generalize oppression as awhole because oppression based on

Physical Access for Women with Disabilities and its Challenges

The writer-Ms. Gurung is, professionally, a lecturer at Padma KanyaCollege and is associated with International Disability Alliance (IDA). She is a researcher in disabilities issues and is a woman withdisability right activist who has been active for ensuring, protecting and promoting their rights for last seven years.

Ms.PratimaGurung


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disability experience resulting from the interaction of health conditions, personal factor and environmental factor varies greatly (WHO, 2011)and has different causes, meanings and effects.

In the same vein, discrimination against WWDs is distinct facing "intersection" of sex and impairment, which combines to create an unique and particular experience of disadvantage and discrimination, not suffered by others in fulfilling daily activities (Lee and White, 2000;Ghai, 2003, Shadow Report, 2011). Societal discrimination against WWDs remains largely unquestioned and is a clandestine issue in larger discourseof women and disability. So the aimof this article is to reflect some forms of barrier in relation to gender and disabilities focused on physical and attitudinal barrier and understand how the challenges have played predominant role in shaping the lives of WWDs.

The General Principle and Article9 of CRPD defines accessibility asan essential component stating that accessible barrier free environment is the first step towards fulfilling the rights of people with disabilities to live independently and participate fully in all aspects of life. Accessibility is abroad term covering all aspects and can be viewed as the "ability to access" and benefit from some system or entity as non-disabled community members. Like in other facets, the impact of physical accessibility for WWDs is

more vulnerable and serious in both private and public sphere. Womenwith severe type of disabilities are more dependent on other people for their mobility where accessibility was one of the prime factors they pointed out that hindered their day to day lives leading miserable and vulnerable condition (Gurung, 2013).

In Nepal, the challenges to ensure barrier free movement of PwDs are multiple; there is a general lack ofpublic investment in infrastructure, alack of enforcement of regulations and standards in building and planning and an overall deficit in terms of stakeholder awareness on disability,universal design on accessibility issues. On a policy level, disabilityis still mainly dealt with by using amedical approach and is mainly sequestered to the realm of health or welfare policies. The design of the built environment is one of the major and critical determinants of accessibility and impacts significantly on the social inclusion and participation of WWDs. For most WWDs physical accessibilityto the building is often the first and most obvious challenge encountered. WWDs require information about accessible services and resources but information on the number and location of physical accessible service facilities and practices is not readily available.

The public transportation and physical infrastructures like road, pavements, toilets public buildings and offices are not disabled friendly. Some WWDs


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who posses to use private vehicle have restriction because driving independently are limited by law even one is able to drive. So they are compelled to rely on public transport which is troublesome or on taxis are expensive or on other individuals who are unsafe and inconvenient, expensive, and inadequately equipped at most of the times. The transportation services for WWDs are infrequent because waiting vehicle and picking WWDs in the vehicle is seldom activities. Waiting public vehicle for hours andsometimes for whole day is frequent and stereotypes, neglected, prejudicial attitudes and ignorance from the strangers and staffs of transportation services is obvious which leave WWDs feel insecure, fear, inferiority complex,uncomfortable and degraded which is an attitudinal behavior and remain undelivered most of times so such acts remains more frequent in more serious way in day to day lives of WWDs. Problem arises when times arelimited, inflexible and defined work/ destination remains unflufilled and they negotiate many other challenges before reaching the destination. Inappropriate languages and offensive words are significant subtle challenges encountered by WWDs when accessing public transportation and are the most difficult situation to address and overcome.

Inaccessible public amenities and poor maintenance of public toilets and vehicles, roads, transit and lack of assistance for WWDs increases

vulnerability and fears of sexual assault and harassment in the daily lives results WWDs confining them inside the four walls. Families from developing worldin the private sphere are not enough to provide physical access and assistance to WWDs regularly. For WWDs mostpublic toilets are not disabled friendly.If the toilets are available, the public toilets in most places are open which add difficult situation and problem for WWDs. The lack of poor state of public toilets and toilets at home leaves no option to use open space, exposing them to the danger of sexual assault most of the times. In rural areas the problem of private toilet is more complicated due to geography and lack of ignorance. In addition lack of safe and clean toilet poses a serioussafety and public health hazard to WWDs especially during menstruation and pregnancy stage. WWDs are of diverse backgrounds and different experiences and the disability will impact differently on the lives of each individual. When service provider are unable to recognize and embrace their diversity it has a profound impacton the development of attitudes and whether or not WWDs access services remains a question most of the times.

In addition, lack of knowledge about disability as a human right issue isanother barrier that hinders lives of WWDs. In absence of accessible and safe infrastructures, built external environment they feel uneasy to move and fall behind many indicators like education, health, employment,


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livelihood opportunities, socialization, participation and decision making body, tourism etc. Studies report that20% WWDs go to hospital for check up as they have accessibility barrier and have no assistance. Encapsulating all these notions, the intersection of ‘sex’ and ‘disability’ as a primarymaker in regard to accessibility has several impacts on WWDs denyingparticipating in social, civil and political processes.

Disability awareness, attitudes and understanding and training should be integral part and accessibility should be seen as a cross cutting issue amongstactions, programs and policies that concern a broad range of governmentagencies and ministries, including those infrastructures, communication, education, employment, services and human right. Attention should be paidto the cross-sectionalities betweendisability and gender issues, twin track

approach to promote gender and equality in accessibility and services are required. Greater use of providing special services to right holders and incentives to transportation owner from duty bearer mechanism should be initiated as a campaign for effectiveaccessibility. Advocacy by DisabledPeople led Organization (DPOs) play amajor role putting access issues on the social agenda. In true spirit of accessing services WWDs should be given space to articulate their needs based on universal design rather than have others make policies and programs on their behalf. Information based onresearch and study before planning,programming and implementing is required. Each actors of the society should be obliged, be responsible and make efforts to make inclusive, barrier free and safe environment as obligatory legal provision.

Email: [email protected]


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Date post:	19-Jun-2015
Category:	Government & Nonprofit
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Disability Rights in Nepal: NAPD Magazine

Government & Nonprofit