Disability statistics - needfor assistance Statistics Explained

Source : Statistics Explained (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statisticsexplained/) - 19/08/2019 1

Data extracted in November 2015Planned article update: August 2019

This article provides an overview of the special assistance that people in the European Union (EU) with vari-ous disabilities need or would need to overcome limitations or barriers. It is one of a set of statistical articlesconcerning disability statistics in the EU and accompanies a number of methodological articles which make upan online publication on disability statistics .

The data presented in this article come from two sources, namely: the one-off 2012 European health andsocial integration survey (EHSIS) ; and the 2011 ad hoc module of the EU Labour force survey (LFS) on theemployment of persons with disabilities. The EHSIS covers people aged 15 and over, while the data presentedin this article from the LFS ad hoc module refer to persons aged 15–64 (in other words the working age popu-lation).

People with disabilities requiring assistanceThe first part of this article focuses on the proportion of people with disabilities that require assistance. Basedon the concepts used in the EHSIS, people with disabilities are those who face barriers to participation inany of 10 specific life areas due to a long-standing health problem and/or a difficulty in basic activities . Theproportion that require assistance relates to people with disabilities who reported that a lack of special aids,equipment, personal help or assistance prevented them from participating in at least one of the life areas inwhich they reported a disability.

According to the EHSIS, in 2012 there were 70.0 million people with disabilities aged 15 and over in theEU-27 1, equivalent to 17.6 % of the population that was aged 15 and over.

Before looking at people with disabilities’ needs for assistance, it may be useful to recap some of the socio-demographic categories where there is a higher or lower prevalence of disability. The prevalence of disabilitywas: higher for women (19.9 %) than for men (15.1 %); higher for people aged 65 and over (35.6 %) than forthose aged 45–54 (18.8 %) or aged 15–44 (8.5 %); higher for people having completed at most lower secondaryeducation (25.0 %) than those having completed at most an upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiaryeducation (15.4 %) or tertiary education (11.0 %); higher for retired persons (34.3 %), unemployed people (20.5%) and other economically inactive people (20.2 %) than for employed persons (8.0 %); higher for people livingin single-person households (27.8 %), other households (21.7 %) and couples without children2(19.0 %), thanfor people living in households of single parents with children (13.5 %), households composed of at least oneparent with children and another person (13.0 %) and couples with children (8.9 %).

1The EHSIS data for the EU-27 presented in this article exclude not only Croatia (which was the 28th Member State of theEU) but also Ireland. For this reason the EU-27 data are considered as estimates.

2For the purposes of the EHSIS, households with resident children include all children below the age of 25.

Figure 1 provides an overview, for the EU-27 , of the proportion of people with disabilities that, in 2012,reported that they needed assistance. Most of the different types of analysis presented for the EU-27in Figure1 are repeated in Figures 2 to 5, supplemented by data for the EU Member States, Iceland and Norway.

Figure 1: Proportion of disabled persons aged 15 and over requiring assistance, EU-27, 2012(1)(%)Source: Eurostat (hlth_dpeh130), (hlth_dpeh160), (hlth_dpeh140), (hlth_dpeh135) and(hlth_dpeh150)

More than one third of people with disabilities reported a need for assistance, with the propor-tion nearer to two fifths among disabled women

Overall, 36.9 % of the 70.0 million people with disabilities aged 15 and over in the EU-27 in 2012 reporteda need for assistance, with this proportion slightly higher for women (38.8 %) than for men (34.3 %). Theproportion of people with disabilities reporting a need for assistance ranged, among the EU Member States,from 21.6 % in Austria to 47.0 % in the United Kingdom, with Hungary (18.5 %), Latvia (17.7 %) and Finland(15.7 %) below this range and Spain (50.4 %) and Italy (53.2 %) above it.

The gender pattern observed for the EU-27, namely a higher proportion for disabled women than for dis-abled men, was observed in all EU Member States with two exceptions: in Slovakia and the United Kingdomdisabled men were more likely than disabled women to report a need for assistance — see Figure 2. The biggestgender gaps were recorded in Lithuania and Slovenia, where the proportion of disabled women aged 15 andover needing assistance was 11–12 percentage points higher than the corresponding proportion recorded amongdisabled men.

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Figure 2: Proportion of disabled persons aged 15 and over requiring assistance, by sex, 2012(1)(%)Source: Eurostat (hlth_dpeh130)

People with disabilities aged 65 and over were most likely to report a need for assistance

In the EU-27, in 2012, the need for assistance was quite similar for disabled persons aged 15–44 (31.5 %)as it was for those aged 45–64 (31.8 %), whereas among people with disabilities aged 65 and over the proportionrose to 44.2 % — see Figures 1 and 3. In the Netherlands, there was almost no difference between the agegroups in the proportion of people with disabilities needing assistance; in Slovakia, younger people with disabil-ities (aged 15–44) were more likely than older people with disabilities to report a need for assistance, as wasalso the case in Norway; in the United Kingdom, people with disabilities aged 45–64 were most likely to reporta need for assistance; in all of the other EU Member States and Iceland, older people with disabilities were mostlikely to report a need for assistance, as observed for the EU-27 as a whole. More than half of all people withdisabilities aged 65 years and over in Greece, Lithuania, Estonia, France, Portugal and Spain needed assistance,with the highest proportion being recorded in Italy, at 59.9 %.

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Figure 3: Proportion of disabled persons aged 15 and over requiring assistance, by age, 2012(1)(%)Source: Eurostat (hlth_dpeh130)

People with disabilities living in single-person households were most likely to report a need forassistance

People with disabilities living in single-person households in the EU-27 were the most likely to report a needfor assistance, the proportion reaching 43.7 % in 2012. Lower proportions of people with disabilities living inhouseholds with children reported a need for assistance, particularly among people with disabilities living as acouple with children (27.8 %) — see Figure 1.

People with disabilities having completed at most a lower secondary level education were mostlikely to report a need for assistance

In the EU-27, in 2012, the reported need for assistance was about 50 % higher for people with disabilitieswith lower educational attainment than for those with higher levels of education (see Figures 1 and 4): 45.5% of people with disabilities having completed at most lower secondary level education required assistancecompared with 29.0 % for people having completed upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary educationand 30.6 % for those having completed tertiary education.

Finland was the only EU Member State where the highest proportion of people with disabilities requiringassistance was not recorded for people with disabilities having completed at most a lower secondary level ofeducation (16.0 %), as a marginally higher proportion was reported for people with disabilities having completedtertiary education (16.1 %). In relative terms, Latvia and Cyprus recorded the largest difference in the needfor assistance according to educational attainment: in both of these Member States, people with disabilitieswith a low level of educational attainment were about 80 % more likely to require assistance than people withdisabilities with a medium level of educational attainment.

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Figure 4: Proportion of disabled persons aged 15 and over requiring assistance, by educationalattainment, 2012 (1)(%)Source: Eurostat (hlth_dpeh140)

People with disabilities who were employed were much less likely to report a need for assistance

As already noted, people with disabilities aged 65 and over generally had a higher need for assistance thanyounger people. As this age group and the group of retired people are very similar in composition, it is unsur-prising to find that disabled retired people in the EU-27 also reported a high need for assistance, 41.8 % in 2012compared with the 36.9 % average for the whole population. However, the analyses by labour status providedin Figures 1 and 5 show that an even higher proportion (44.0 %) of economically inactive people (other thanretired people) reported a need for assistance, while the proportion of disabled unemployed people requiringassistance was slightly lower, 37.8 %, but still above the average for all people with disabilities. The one labourstatus where people with disabilities reported a relatively low need for assistance was employed persons, as20.1 % of disabled employed persons in the EU-27 reported a need for assistance, approximately half the sharereported for any of the other labour status. Cyprus was the only EU Member State where an analysis by labourstatus shows that disabled employed persons (16.5 %) were not the least likely to report a need for assistance,as the proportion among disabled unemployed persons was lower (12.8 %).

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Figure 5: Proportion of disabled persons aged 15 and over requiring assistance, by labour status,2012 (1)(%)Source: Eurostat (hlth_dpeh135)

The proportion of people with disabilities in the EU-27 needing assistance was inversely relatedto income

The final analysis shown in Figure 1 referring to the assistance needs of people with disabilities relates toincome distribution. The proportion of people with disabilities reporting a need for assistance decreased withan increase in income: in the EU-27, in 2012, 40.7 % of people with disabilities in the lowest income quintilereported a need for assistance compared with 26.7 % of people in the highest income quintile.

People with difficulties in personal and household care requiring assistanceThe data presented in the second part of this article also come from the EHSIS and again cover the populationaged 15 and over. Based on the concepts used in the EHSIS, people with difficulties in a specific group of activ-ities — such as personal care activities or household care activities — include people usually having difficulties(some difficulty, a lot of difficulty, or unable to do) in one of more activities listed specifically for each group. Forthe group of personal care activities the list includes feeding oneself, getting in or out of a bed or chair, dressingand undressing, using the toilet and bathing or showering. For the group of household care activities the listincludes preparing meals, using the telephone, going shopping, managing medication, doing housework, andtaking care of household finance and administration. As for people with disabilities, the proportion of peoplewith difficulties in a specific group of activities that require assistance relates to people with the difficulties whoreported that a lack of special aids, equipment, personal help or assistance prevented them from undertakingone or more of these activities.

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According to the EHSIS, in 2012 in the EU-27 there were: 43.1 million people aged 15 and over with diffi-culties in personal care activities, equivalent to 10.4 % of all people aged 15 and over; and 49.6 million peoplewith difficulties in household care activities, equivalent to 11.9 % of people aged 15 and over; note that there maywell be a large overlap between these two groups of people, with people reporting difficulties in both personalcare and household care activities. Before looking at the needs for assistance among people with difficultiesin personal and/or household care, it may be useful to note that the prevalence of difficulties, whether withpersonal care or household care activities, was higher for women than for men, and higher for people aged 65and over than for those aged 45–54 or aged 15–44.

Two fifths of people in the EU-27 with a difficulty in personal care activities reported a need forassistance

For the EU-27, 40.5 % of people with a difficulty in personal care activities reported a need for assistancewith these activities in 2012, a somewhat higher proportion than observed for people with disabilities (36.9 %).Among the EU Member States, this proportion varied from 15.7 % in Luxembourg to 57.3 % in Greece, withthe proportion of people with a difficulty in personal care activities reporting a need for assistance considerablyhigher in Romania, at 85.9 % (see Table 1).

Table 1: Proportion of people with difficulty in personal care activities aged 15 and over requiringassistance, by sex and age, 2012(%)Source: Eurostat (hlth_dpeh110)

Women with a difficulty in personal care activities were generally more likely than men to reporta need for assistance

Among people with a difficulty in personal care activities in 2012, women in the EU-27 were somewhat morelikely than men to report a need for assistance, 41.5 % compared with 38.8 %. As can be seen in Figure6, higher proportions were observed for women in nearly all of the EU Member States, the exceptions beingSweden (where the difference peaked at 11.5 percentage points), Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and theUnited Kingdom. In Austria, Finland and Slovenia, the proportion of women with a difficulty in personal careactivities who reported a need for assistance was more than 11.0 percentage points higher than the equivalentproportion for men.

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Figure 6: Proportion of people with difficulty in personal care activities aged 15 and over requiringassistance, by sex, 2012 (1)(%)Source: Eurostat (hlth_dpeh110)

People aged 65 and over in the EU-27 with a difficulty in personal care activities were more likelythan younger people to report a need for assistance

People aged 65 and over with a difficulty in personal care activities were more likely to report a need forassistance than younger people: in the EU-27, a need for assistance was reported by 44.0 % of people aged 65and over with such difficulties, compared with 37.3 % for people aged 45–64 and 34.4 % for those aged 15–44.

A total of 12 out of the 26 EU Member States with complete data reported a similar pattern, with the lowestproportion among the youngest age group and the highest proportion among the oldest age group, as can beseen in Figure 7. The oldest age group did not have the highest proportion of people with a difficulty in personalcare activities who reported a need for assistance in the Czech Republic, Portugal and Romania, nor in theUnited Kingdom where the proportion among older people was considerably lower than for people aged 45–64.There were 10 Member States, including again Romania and the United Kingdom, where the lowest proportionof people with a difficulty in personal care activities who reported a need for assistance was not in the age group15–44; this was also the case in Iceland.

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Figure 7: Proportion of people with difficulty in personal care activities aged 15 and over requiringassistance, by age, 2012 (1)(%)Source: Eurostat (hlth_dpeh110)

More people in the EU-27 with a difficulty in household care activities reported a need for assis-tance than those with a difficulty in personal care activities

For the EU-27, 44.1 % of people with a difficulty in household care activities reported a need for assistance in2012, a higher proportion than observed for people with a difficulty in personal care activities (40.5 %) andpeople with disabilities (36.9 %). Among the EU Member States this proportion varied from 18.6 % in Latviato 61.7 % in France (see Table 2).

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Table 2: Proportion of people with difficulty in household care activities aged 15 and over re-quiring assistance, by sex and age, 2012(%)Source: Eurostat (hlth_dpeh120)

Among people with a difficulty in household care activities, women in the EU-27 were somewhat more likelythan men to report a need for assistance, 44.6 % compared with 43.0 %. As can be seen in Figure 8, higherproportions were observed for women in about two thirds of the EU Member States, the most notable exceptionsbeing Slovakia (where the difference was 9.9 percentage points) and Luxembourg (8.5 points). In Malta, Cyprusand Slovenia, the proportion of women with a difficulty in household care activities who reported a need forassistance was more than 10.0 percentage points higher than the equivalent proportion for men.

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Figure 8: Proportion of people with difficulty in household care activities aged 15 and overrequiring assistance, by sex, 2012 (1)(%)Source: Eurostat (hlth_dpeh120)

Older people with a difficulty in household care activities were more likely to report a need for assistance thanyounger people: a need for assistance was reported by 44.7 % of people aged 65 and over in the EU-27 withsuch difficulties, compared with 43.3 % for people aged 45–64 and for those aged 15–44. A small majority ofthe EU Member States — 14 out of the 26 for which data are available — also reported the highest proportionamong the oldest age group, as can be seen in Figure 9. The lowest proportion of people with a difficulty inhousehold care activities who reported a need for assistance was recorded among the oldest age group in 7 ofthe remaining 12 Member States: Denmark, Latvia, Luxembourg, Slovakia, Finland, Sweden and the UnitedKingdom.

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Figure 9: Proportion of people with difficulty in household care activities aged 15 and overrequiring assistance, by age, 2012 (1)(%)Source: Eurostat (hlth_dpeh120)

Disabilities and the labour marketUnlike the data presented in the first two parts of this article, the data presented in this section for disabilitiesand the labour market come from the 2011 ad hoc module of the LFS on the employment of persons withdisabilities and cover the working age population (people aged 15–64).

In the Netherlands, approximately one third of employed people who had a long-standing healthproblem and/or a basic activity difficulty used some kind of assistance at work, compared with8.5 % in the EU-28 as a whole

In 2011, 8.5 % of employed people in the EU-28 who had a long-standing health problem and/or a basicactivity difficulty reported that they had used some kind of assistance at work — see Figure 10. Among theEU Member States, this proportion ranged from less than 5.0 % in Croatia, France, Estonia and Bulgaria to15.9 % in Greece, with much higher proportions in Denmark (29.5 %) and the Netherlands (33.5 %); Iceland(23.8 %) also reported a relatively high proportion. These data suggest that employers in the Netherlands andDenmark were doing more to assist people with a disability who were in employment.

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Figure 10: Proportion of employed people with a long-standing health problem and/or a difficultyin basic activities aged 15–64 who have used assistance at work, 2011 (1)(%)Source: Eurostat(hlth_dlm180)

Among people with a long-standing health problem and/or a basic activity difficulty, more em-ployed women than men had used special assistance at work . . .

The proportion of employed women in the EU-28 who had a long-standing health problem and/or a basicactivity difficulty and who reported that they had used some kind of assistance at work was 9.3 % in 2011, 1.5percentage points higher than the equivalent proportion for men (7.8 %).

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Figure 11: Proportion of employed people with a long-standing health problem and/or a diffi-culty in basic activities aged 15–64 who have used assistance at work, by sex and age, EU-28,2011(%)Source: Eurostat (hlth_dlm180)

In 2011, a greater proportion of employed women with a long-standing health problem and/or a basic activitydifficulty used assistance at work than did men in all of the EU Member States except for Croatia, Cyprus andPoland; in Greece and Lithuania, as well as in Switzerland, there was almost no difference in the proportionsobserved for men and women. Denmark had the largest gender gap between working men and women withdisabilities in employment who used assistance, with a 25.6 % proportion for men and 33.2 % for women (seeTable 3).

Table 3 also provides an analysis of three different types of workplace assistance. In the EU-28, in 2011,the proportion of employed people with a long-standing health problem and/or a basic activity difficulty whoreported that they used each type of assistance was highest for special working arrangements and lowest forpersonal assistance, with the proportion that had used special equipment between the two. Women were morelikely than men to have used each of these three types of assistance.

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Table 3: Proportion of employed people with a long-standing health problem and/or a difficultyin basic activities aged 15–64 who have or have not used assistance at work, by sex and type ofassistance, 2011(%)Source: Eurostat (hlth_dlm180)

In 2011, more than one quarter (27.9 %) of people aged 15–64 not in work in the EU-28 who had a long-standinghealth problem and/or a basic activity difficulty reported that they would need some form of assistance in or-der to be able to work (see Figure 12). The lowest proportions among the EU Member States were reportedby France (8.1 %) and Hungary (10.3 %), with the proportion elsewhere ranging from 20.4 % in Sweden andEstonia to more than 50.0 % in Denmark, Romania and Slovakia, as well as in Iceland, and peaking at 54.0 %in Slovenia.

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Figure 12: Proportion of people not in employment with a long-standing health problem and/ora difficulty in basic activities aged 15–64 who would need assistance to work, 2011 (1)(%)Source:Eurostat (hlth_dlm190)

. . . but more men not in work than women in the same situation would need special assistanceto be able to work

Concerning people in the EU-28 in 2011 who were not in work and who had a long-standing health prob-lem and/or a basic activity difficulty, a smaller proportion of women (26.9 %) than men (29.3 %) reported thatthey would need assistance to be able to work, as can be seen in Figure 13.

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Figure 13: Proportion of people not in employment with a long-standing health problem and/ora difficulty in basic activities aged 15–64 who would need assistance to work, by sex and age,EU-28, 2011(%)Source: Eurostat (hlth_dlm190)

A total of 20 of the 27 EU Member States for which data are available (no data for Luxembourg, see Table4) and Turkey also reported that women not in work who had a long-standing health problem and/or a basicactivity difficulty were less likely than men to need assistance to be able to work, with the largest differencesin Malta, Lithuania and Cyprus (all in excess of 10.0 percentage points). The remaining seven EU MemberStates, as well as Iceland and Switzerland, observed higher proportions of women than men not in work whohad a long-standing health problem and/or a basic activity difficulty reporting a need for assistance to be ableto work, with the difference most notable in Denmark (7.8 percentage points); an even higher difference wasobserved in Iceland (12.5 points).

In the EU-28, in 2011, people not in work who had a long-standing health problem and/or a basic activitydifficulty were more likely to report that, in order to be able to work, they would need special working arrange-ments, rather than special equipment or personal assistance. In the EU-28, for all three kinds of assistance alarger proportion of men than women said that they would need assistance.

It should be noted that among people with a long-standing health problem and/or a basic activity difficulty inthe EU-28, the proportion that were not in work who would require assistance in order to be able to work washigher than the proportion that were employed who had used assistance, for all three types of assistance.

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Table 4: Proportion of people not in employment with a long-standing health problem and/or adifficulty in basic activities aged 15–64 who would need assistance to work, by sex and type ofassistance, 2011(%)Source: Eurostat (hlth_dlm190)

Source data for tables and graphs• Need for assistance: tables and figures

Data sourcesThe data presented in this article come from two sources, namely the one-off 2012 EHSIS and the 2011 adhoc module of the LFS. Both of these surveys collect information from individuals living in private households;neither of these surveys cover people living in collective households or in institutions, and this is an importantpoint given that the prevalence of disabilities or difficulties might be different in such accommodation. Theinformation presented from the EHSIS covers people aged 15 and over and that from the LFS ad hoc modulecovers people aged 15–64.

More detailed information about these surveys is given in the following background article:

• European health and social integration survey

Comparison of definitions — assistance

The EHSIS looked at two types of assistance, namely:

• the use of special aids or equipment;

• personal help or assistance.

Specifically it asked whether the lack of such aids, equipment, personal help or assistance resulted in:

• difficulties for personal care activities (such as bathing, dressing and feeding oneself);

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• difficulties for household care activities (such as preparing meals, using the telephone, going shopping anddoing housework);

• a disability due to a long-standing health problem and/or a basic activity difficulty which acts as a barrierto participation in different life areas.

The 2011 ad-hoc module of the LFS looked at three types of assistance:

• personal assistance from colleagues, friends or relatives who help a person to work;

• special equipment (items, devices or pieces of equipment that enable a person to work) or workplaceadaptations (physical alterations to buildings where people with disabilities work);

• special working arrangements and measures that can be thought of as supporting the work of personswith health problems or difficulties in basic activities (for example sedentary work, teleworking or flexiblehours).

Whereas the EHSIS looked at the lack of assistance resulting in difficulties or disabilities, the 2011 ad hocmodule of the LFS made a distinction between assistance needed and assistance actually used: employed peoplewere asked about what assistance they used while people not in work were asked about the assistance theyneeded.

ContextThe two main frameworks governing the current EU disability policy strategy are the United Nations Conven-tion on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the European disability strategy 2010–20 . They requirea regular collection of disability-related statistics to allow policies to be drawn up to monitor how these areimplemented and to identify and address barriers faced by people with disabilities in exercising their rights.More information about the Convention and the strategy are available in an introductory article on disabilitystatistics .

Article 9 of the UN Convention relates to accessibility. Among other subjects, it requires signatories to takeappropriate measures to: provide in buildings and other facilities open to the public signage in braille and ineasy to read and understand forms; provide forms of live assistance and intermediaries, including guides, readersand professional sign language interpreters, to facilitate accessibility to buildings and other facilities open to thepublic; promote other appropriate forms of assistance and support to persons with disabilities to ensure theiraccess to information.

Article 19 of the UN Convention relates to living independently and being included in the community. Itrecognises ’the equal right of all persons with disabilities to live in the community’ and requires signatories to’take effective and appropriate measures to facilitate full enjoyment by persons with disabilities of this right andtheir full inclusion and participation in the community’. Specifically it mentions that ’Persons with disabilitieshave access to a range of in-home, residential and other community support services, including personal assis-tance necessary to support living and inclusion in the community, and to prevent isolation or segregation fromthe community’.

Article 26 of the UN Convention concerns habilitation and rehabilitation, in other words assisting a personto attain, maintain, or regain their independence, abilities, inclusion and participation in all aspects of health.It requires signatories to ’organise, strengthen and extend comprehensive habilitation and rehabilitation servicesand programmes, particularly in the areas of health, employment, education and social services’. Signatories’shall promote the availability, knowledge and use of assistive devices and technologies, designed for personswith disabilities, as they relate to habilitation and rehabilitation’.

Specifically, the right of people with disabilities to work on an equal basis with others is laid down in Ar-ticle 27 of the UN Convention. This ’includes the right to the opportunity to gain a living by work freely chosenor accepted in a labour market and work environment that is open, inclusive and accessible to persons withdisabilities’. The following aspects are covered:

• non-discrimination,

• protection for rights,

• equal labour and trade union rights,

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• access to (technical, vocational and continuing) education and training,

• employment opportunities and career advancement,

• opportunities for self-employment,

• public and private-sector employment,

• provision of reasonable accommodation in the workplace,

• promotion of work experience,

• promotion of vocational and professional rehabilitation, job retention and return-to-work programmes.

Other articlesOnline publications

• Disability statistics

• Health in the European Union — facts and figures

• EU labour force survey

Background methodological articles

• European health and social integration survey

• Labour force survey — non-response analysis

• Labour force survey — proxy analysis

Database• Disability (hlth_dsb)

Prevalence of disability (source EHSIS) (hlth_dsb_prve)

Access to labour market for disabled people (source LFS) (hlth_dsb_lm)

Dedicated section• Health , see:

• Disability

Publications• Employment of people with disabilities — Statistical analysis of the 2011 Labour Force Survey ad hoc

module — 2015 edition

Methodology• Prevalence of disability (source LFS) (ESMS metadata file — hlth_dsb_prv_esms)

• Prevalence of disability (source EHSIS) (ESMS metadata file — hlth_dsb_prve)

Legislation• Commission Regulation (EU) No 317/2010 of 16 April 2010 adopting the specifications of the 2011 ad

hoc module on employment of people with disabilities for the labour force sample survey provided for byCouncil Regulation (EC) No 577/98

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External links• European Disability Strategy 2010–20

• The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)

• United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

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