ASEMINAR REPORT ON

DISASTER MANAGEMENTSUBMITTED TO

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF B. TECH. (CE) 2012-2013

SUBMITTED BYBHUPENDRA SINGH

RAJPUROHIT (09/CE/009)UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Mr. ANKIT SARASWAT(DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING)

CONTENT

1. INTRODUCTION2. DISASTER IN INDIA3. INDIA’S VULNERABILITY TO DISASTER4. AREAS OF CONCERN5. NODEL AGENCIES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT6. DYNAMICS OF DISASTER7. NEW DIRECTION FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN

INDIA8. FUTURE DIRECTION9. INVEST IN PREPAREDNESS10. BEST PRACTICES11. LESSION LEARNT

INTRODUCTION

WHO defines Disaster as “any occurrence, that cause damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life, deterioration of health and health services, on a scale sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area”.

Disaster are mainly two types.1. Natural Disaster2. Manmade Disaster

1. NATURAL DISASTER-1. Major Natural Disaster

A. Cyclones, TornadoesB. Drought, FloodC. Earthquake, Tsunami

2. Minor Natural DisasterA. Cold WavesB. ThunderstormsC. Heat Waves

2. MANMADE DISASTER-3. 1. Major Manmade Disaster

A. EpidemicB. DeforestationC. Chemical PollutionD. Wars

2.Minor Manmade DisasterA. Road/Train/Nuclear Accident, RiotsB. Food PoisoningC. Industrial Disaster

DISASTER IN INDIA

1. Moving away from the Great Bengal famine of 1769-1770 in which a third of the population perished.

2. 1984 Bhopal Gas Tragedy3. 2001 Gujarat Earthquake4. 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami3. The drought years of 1965, 1972,

1979, 1987, 2002

INDIA’S VULNERABILITY TO DISASTERS

1. 57% land is vulnerable to earthquakes. Of these, 12% is vulnerable to severe earthquakes.

2. 68% land is vulnerable to drought.3. 12% land is vulnerable to floods.4. 8% land is vulnerable to cyclones.5. A part from natural disasters, some

cities in India are also vulnerable to chemical and industrial disasters and man-made disasters.

Seismic Activity in India Seismic Activity in India 180 AD - 2004180 AD - 2004

AREAS OF CONCERN

1. Activating an Early Warning System network and its close monitoring

2. Mechanisms for integrating the scientific, technological and administrative agencies for effective disaster management

3. Terrestrial communication links which collapse in the event of a rapid onset disaster

4. Vulnerability of critical infrastructures (power supply, communication, water supply, transport, etc.) to disaster events

5. Funding : Primacy of relief as disaster response.

AREAS OF CONCERN

6. Preparedness and Mitigation very often ignored.

7. Lack of integrated efforts to collect and compile data, information and local knowledge on disaster history and traditional response patterns.

8. Need for standardised efforts in compiling and interpreting geo-spatial data, satellite imagery and early warning signals.

9. Weak areas continue to be forecasting, modeling, risk prediction, simulation and scenario analysis, etc.

NODAL AGENCIES FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT

1. Floods : Ministry of Water Resources, CWC2. Cyclones : Indian Meteorological Department3. Earthquakes : Indian Meteorological Department4. Epidemics : Ministry of Health and Family Welfare5. Avian Flu: Ministry of Health, Ministry of Environment,

Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry6. Chemical Disasters : Ministry of Environment and

Forests7. Industrial Disasters : Ministry of Labour8. Rail Accidents : Ministry of Railways9. Air Accidents : Ministry of Civil Aviation10. Fire : Ministry of Home Affairs11. Nuclear Incidents : Department of Atomic Energy12. Mine Disasters : Department of Mines

DYNAMICS OF DISASTER

1. There is a high probability of a low probability event happening somewhere sometime soon…

2. The unpredictability of disaster events and the high risk and vulnerability profiles make it imperative to strengthen disaster preparedness, mitigation and enforcement of guidelines, building codes and restrictions on construction of buildings in flood-prone areas and storm surge prone coastal areas.

NEW DIRECTIONS FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

1. The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) has been set up as the apex body for Disaster Management in India, with the Prime Minister as its Chairman.

2. Disaster Management Authorities will be set up at the State and District Levels to be headed by the Chief Ministers and Collectors/Zilla Parishad Chairmen respectively.

FUTURE DIRECTION

1. Encourage and consolidate knowledge networks

2. Mobilise and train disaster volunteers for more effective preparedness, mitigation and response (NSS, NCC, Scouts and Guides, Civil Defence, Home-guards)

3. Increased capacity building leads to faster vulnerability reduction.

4. Learn from best practices in disaster preparedness, mitigation and disaster response.

5. Mobilising stakeholder participation of Self Help Groups, Women’s Groups, Youth Groups, Panchayati Raj Institutions.

FUTURE DIRECTION

6. Indigenous knowledge systems and coping practices

7. Living with Risk: Community Based Disaster Risk Management

8. Inclusive, participatory, gender sensitive, child friendly, eco-friendly and disabled friendly disaster management

9. Knowledge Management: Documentation and dissemination of good practices

10. Public Private Partnership

INVEST IN PREPAREDNESS

1. Investments in Preparedness and Prevention (Mitigation) will yield sustainable results, rather than spending money on relief after a disaster.

2. Most disasters are predictable, especially in their seasonality and the disaster-prone areas which are vulnerable.

3. Communities must be involved in disaster preparedness.

BEST PRACTICES

1. On 12 November, 1970 a major cyclone hit the coastal belt of Bangladesh at 223 km/hr. with a storm surge of six to nine meters height, killing an estimated 500,000 people.

2. Due to the Cyclone Preparedness Program, the April 1991 cyclone with wind speed of 225 km/hr. killed only 138,000 people even though the coastal population had doubled by that time.

3. In May 1994, in a similar cyclone with a wind speed of 250 km/hr. only 127 people lost their lives.

4. In May 1997, in a cyclone with wind speed of 200 km/hr. only 111 people lost their lives.

LESSONS LEARNT

1. Be Prepared : Preparedness and Mitigation is bound to yield more effective returns than distributing relief after a disaster.

2. Create a Culture of Preparedness and Prevention.

3. Evolve a code of conduct for all stake-holders