The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

Spectrum Sensing System of Cognitive Radio Networkfor Disaster Management & Emergency Services

Kundan Kumar1 Divyang Ashwinbhai Patel1

Tushar Sharma1 Ritika Dhingra2

1Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringJaypee University of Information technology, Waknghat, Solan-173234, India

2Department of Computer Science and Engineering & Information TechnologyJaypee University of Information technology, Waknghat, Solan-173234, India

44th Engineer Day , 2011

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

Outline

1 The Basic Problem We Have StudiedAbstractIntroduction

2 Cognitive RadioAbout Cognitive RadioOur ProposalSensingSharingCognitive Engine

3 Our ResultConclusionAcknowledgement

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

AbstractIntroduction

15th September, Engineer Day

1 Bharat Ratna Sri MokshagundamVisweswaraya was a notable Indianengineer, scholar, and statesman

2 He was responsible for successfuldesign and construction of severalriver dams, bridges and implementingirrigation and drinking water schemesall over India

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

AbstractIntroduction

15th September, Engineer Day

1 Bharat Ratna Sri MokshagundamVisweswaraya was a notable Indianengineer, scholar, and statesman

2 He was responsible for successfuldesign and construction of severalriver dams, bridges and implementingirrigation and drinking water schemesall over India

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

AbstractIntroduction

Outline

1 The Basic Problem We Have StudiedAbstractIntroduction

2 Cognitive RadioAbout Cognitive RadioOur ProposalSensingSharingCognitive Engine

3 Our ResultConclusionAcknowledgement

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

AbstractIntroduction

Abstract

In this paper, we have discussed the role of spectrum sensing systemof the cognitive radio network for the disaster management and emergencyservices. During the disaster, the failure of public networks and heavy loadon the available spectrum by different rescue and emergency services, byusing their own communication infrastructure may land-up in interference orcomplete crash of emergency communication setup.

The spectrum sensing for cognitive radio network offers the sensing ofvarious unused spectrum which is utilizable by the organisation withoutinterfering to others. Cognitive engine is capable of configuring the radioparameters to the required standards used by the various authorities duringthe disaster. It helps setting up reliable, smart and intelligent communicationinfrastructure during disaster.

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

AbstractIntroduction

Outline

1 The Basic Problem We Have StudiedAbstractIntroduction

2 Cognitive RadioAbout Cognitive RadioOur ProposalSensingSharingCognitive Engine

3 Our ResultConclusionAcknowledgement

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

AbstractIntroduction

Introduction

1 Radios be able to operate in hostile ordisaster environments.

2 Strain on the available spectrum,efficiency important

3 Cognitive Radio is a novel approach tosolve radio spectrum scarcity

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

AbstractIntroduction

Introduction

1 Radios be able to operate in hostile ordisaster environments.

2 Strain on the available spectrum,efficiency important

3 Cognitive Radio is a novel approach tosolve radio spectrum scarcity

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

AbstractIntroduction

Introduction

1 Radios be able to operate in hostile ordisaster environments.

2 Strain on the available spectrum,efficiency important

3 Cognitive Radio is a novel approach tosolve radio spectrum scarcity

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

AbstractIntroduction

Spectrum Allocation

Unallocated Spectrum3-9 KHz

ISM Bands6.78 ± 0.015 MHz13.560 ± 0.007 MHz27.12 ± 0.163 MHz40.68 ± 0.02 MHz815 ± 13 MHz2450 ± 50 MHz5.8 ± 0.075 GHz24.125 ± 0.125 GHz61.25 ± 0.250 GHz122.5 ± 0.500 GHz245 ± 1 GHz

Unlicensed1910-1930 PCS59-64 GHz unlicensed

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

AbstractIntroduction

Spectrum Utilization

1 However, spectrum utilization is quite low.2 Concept

Have radios (or networks) identify spectrum opportunities at run-timeTransparently (to legacy systems) fill in the gaps (time, frequency, space)

3 Considered BandsISMPublic SafetyTV (UHF)

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

AbstractIntroduction

Spectrum Utilization

1 However, spectrum utilization is quite low.2 Concept

Have radios (or networks) identify spectrum opportunities at run-timeTransparently (to legacy systems) fill in the gaps (time, frequency, space)

3 Considered BandsISMPublic SafetyTV (UHF)

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

AbstractIntroduction

Spectrum Utilization

1 However, spectrum utilization is quite low.2 Concept

Have radios (or networks) identify spectrum opportunities at run-timeTransparently (to legacy systems) fill in the gaps (time, frequency, space)

3 Considered BandsISMPublic SafetyTV (UHF)

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

AbstractIntroduction

Spectrum Utilization

1 However, spectrum utilization is quite low.2 Concept

Have radios (or networks) identify spectrum opportunities at run-timeTransparently (to legacy systems) fill in the gaps (time, frequency, space)

3 Considered BandsISMPublic SafetyTV (UHF)

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

AbstractIntroduction

Spectrum Utilization

1 However, spectrum utilization is quite low.2 Concept

Have radios (or networks) identify spectrum opportunities at run-timeTransparently (to legacy systems) fill in the gaps (time, frequency, space)

3 Considered BandsISMPublic SafetyTV (UHF)

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

AbstractIntroduction

Spectrum Utilization

1 However, spectrum utilization is quite low.2 Concept

Have radios (or networks) identify spectrum opportunities at run-timeTransparently (to legacy systems) fill in the gaps (time, frequency, space)

3 Considered BandsISMPublic SafetyTV (UHF)

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

AbstractIntroduction

Spectrum Uses

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

About Cognitive RadioOur ProposalSensingSharingCognitive Engine

Outline

1 The Basic Problem We Have StudiedAbstractIntroduction

2 Cognitive RadioAbout Cognitive RadioOur ProposalSensingSharingCognitive Engine

3 Our ResultConclusionAcknowledgement

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

About Cognitive RadioOur ProposalSensingSharingCognitive Engine

Cognitive Radio

1 Cognitive implies awareness,perception, reasoning, andjudgment.

2 Radio that can change itstransmitter parameters accordingto the interactions with theenvironment in which it operates.

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

About Cognitive RadioOur ProposalSensingSharingCognitive Engine

Cognitive Radio

1 Cognitive implies awareness,perception, reasoning, andjudgment.

2 Radio that can change itstransmitter parameters accordingto the interactions with theenvironment in which it operates.

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

About Cognitive RadioOur ProposalSensingSharingCognitive Engine

Outline

1 The Basic Problem We Have StudiedAbstractIntroduction

2 Cognitive RadioAbout Cognitive RadioOur ProposalSensingSharingCognitive Engine

3 Our ResultConclusionAcknowledgement

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

About Cognitive RadioOur ProposalSensingSharingCognitive Engine

Our Proposal

We propose the following proposition . . .1 Radios can be used intelligently2 Opitmum utilization of Spectrum in diaster3 Methods adopted for optimum utilization

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

About Cognitive RadioOur ProposalSensingSharingCognitive Engine

Our Proposal

We propose the following proposition . . .1 Radios can be used intelligently2 Opitmum utilization of Spectrum in diaster3 Methods adopted for optimum utilization

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

About Cognitive RadioOur ProposalSensingSharingCognitive Engine

Our Proposal

We propose the following proposition . . .1 Radios can be used intelligently2 Opitmum utilization of Spectrum in diaster3 Methods adopted for optimum utilization

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

About Cognitive RadioOur ProposalSensingSharingCognitive Engine

Scope of Cognitive Radio

CR is an enabling technology for numerous new capabilities . . .1 Dynamic spectrum access2 Spectrum markets3 Self-Organizing networks

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

About Cognitive RadioOur ProposalSensingSharingCognitive Engine

Scope of Cognitive Radio

CR is an enabling technology for numerous new capabilities . . .1 Dynamic spectrum access2 Spectrum markets3 Self-Organizing networks

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

About Cognitive RadioOur ProposalSensingSharingCognitive Engine

Scope of Cognitive Radio

CR is an enabling technology for numerous new capabilities . . .1 Dynamic spectrum access2 Spectrum markets3 Self-Organizing networks

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

About Cognitive RadioOur ProposalSensingSharingCognitive Engine

Outline

1 The Basic Problem We Have StudiedAbstractIntroduction

2 Cognitive RadioAbout Cognitive RadioOur ProposalSensingSharingCognitive Engine

3 Our ResultConclusionAcknowledgement

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

About Cognitive RadioOur ProposalSensingSharingCognitive Engine

Sensing

1 DSA uses under-utilized areas ofthe frequency spectrum withoutinterfering with primary users.

2 Cognitive radios are required tofind each other first, calledrandezvous process

3 In Hostile environments, it is evenmore imperative that thisrendezvous process can beachieved quickly.

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

About Cognitive RadioOur ProposalSensingSharingCognitive Engine

Sensing

1 DSA uses under-utilized areas ofthe frequency spectrum withoutinterfering with primary users.

2 Cognitive radios are required tofind each other first, calledrandezvous process

3 In Hostile environments, it is evenmore imperative that thisrendezvous process can beachieved quickly.

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

About Cognitive RadioOur ProposalSensingSharingCognitive Engine

Sensing

1 DSA uses under-utilized areas ofthe frequency spectrum withoutinterfering with primary users.

2 Cognitive radios are required tofind each other first, calledrandezvous process

3 In Hostile environments, it is evenmore imperative that thisrendezvous process can beachieved quickly.

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

About Cognitive RadioOur ProposalSensingSharingCognitive Engine

Random Randezvous

Algorithm of Random Randezvous . . .1 Observe mi , the number of channels available to radio i2 while not rendezvous do3 ji = rand[0, mi )4 c = ci,ji5 attempt rendezvous on channel c6 end while

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

About Cognitive RadioOur ProposalSensingSharingCognitive Engine

Random Randezvous

Algorithm of Random Randezvous . . .1 Observe mi , the number of channels available to radio i2 while not rendezvous do3 ji = rand[0, mi )4 c = ci,ji5 attempt rendezvous on channel c6 end while

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

About Cognitive RadioOur ProposalSensingSharingCognitive Engine

Random Randezvous

Algorithm of Random Randezvous . . .1 Observe mi , the number of channels available to radio i2 while not rendezvous do3 ji = rand[0, mi )4 c = ci,ji5 attempt rendezvous on channel c6 end while

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

About Cognitive RadioOur ProposalSensingSharingCognitive Engine

Random Randezvous

Algorithm of Random Randezvous . . .1 Observe mi , the number of channels available to radio i2 while not rendezvous do3 ji = rand[0, mi )4 c = ci,ji5 attempt rendezvous on channel c6 end while

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

About Cognitive RadioOur ProposalSensingSharingCognitive Engine

Random Randezvous

Algorithm of Random Randezvous . . .1 Observe mi , the number of channels available to radio i2 while not rendezvous do3 ji = rand[0, mi )4 c = ci,ji5 attempt rendezvous on channel c6 end while

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

About Cognitive RadioOur ProposalSensingSharingCognitive Engine

Random Randezvous

Algorithm of Random Randezvous . . .1 Observe mi , the number of channels available to radio i2 while not rendezvous do3 ji = rand[0, mi )4 c = ci,ji5 attempt rendezvous on channel c6 end while

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

About Cognitive RadioOur ProposalSensingSharingCognitive Engine

Random Randezvous

Algorithm of Random Randezvous . . .1 Observe mi , the number of channels available to radio i2 while not rendezvous do3 ji = rand[0, mi )4 c = ci,ji5 attempt rendezvous on channel c6 end while

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

About Cognitive RadioOur ProposalSensingSharingCognitive Engine

Outline

1 The Basic Problem We Have StudiedAbstractIntroduction

2 Cognitive RadioAbout Cognitive RadioOur ProposalSensingSharingCognitive Engine

3 Our ResultConclusionAcknowledgement

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

About Cognitive RadioOur ProposalSensingSharingCognitive Engine

Sharing

1 Game theory has applications inspectrum sharing

2 Nash Equilibrium for nonco-opearative game theory

3 Opportunistic spectrum access

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

About Cognitive RadioOur ProposalSensingSharingCognitive Engine

Sharing

1 Game theory has applications inspectrum sharing

2 Nash Equilibrium for nonco-opearative game theory

3 Opportunistic spectrum access

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

About Cognitive RadioOur ProposalSensingSharingCognitive Engine

Sharing

1 Game theory has applications inspectrum sharing

2 Nash Equilibrium for nonco-opearative game theory

3 Opportunistic spectrum access

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

About Cognitive RadioOur ProposalSensingSharingCognitive Engine

Outline

1 The Basic Problem We Have StudiedAbstractIntroduction

2 Cognitive RadioAbout Cognitive RadioOur ProposalSensingSharingCognitive Engine

3 Our ResultConclusionAcknowledgement

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

About Cognitive RadioOur ProposalSensingSharingCognitive Engine

Cognitive Engine

1 CR is built upon platform calledSDR.

2 Genetic Algorithm is used forrealising cognitive radio

Evaluating behaviourAnalysis EngineMachine Learning

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

About Cognitive RadioOur ProposalSensingSharingCognitive Engine

Cognitive Engine

1 CR is built upon platform calledSDR.

2 Genetic Algorithm is used forrealising cognitive radio

Evaluating behaviourAnalysis EngineMachine Learning

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

About Cognitive RadioOur ProposalSensingSharingCognitive Engine

Cognitive Engine

1 CR is built upon platform calledSDR.

2 Genetic Algorithm is used forrealising cognitive radio

Evaluating behaviourAnalysis EngineMachine Learning

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

About Cognitive RadioOur ProposalSensingSharingCognitive Engine

Cognitive Engine

1 CR is built upon platform calledSDR.

2 Genetic Algorithm is used forrealising cognitive radio

Evaluating behaviourAnalysis EngineMachine Learning

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

About Cognitive RadioOur ProposalSensingSharingCognitive Engine

Cognitive Engine

1 CR is built upon platform calledSDR.

2 Genetic Algorithm is used forrealising cognitive radio

Evaluating behaviourAnalysis EngineMachine Learning

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

ConclusionAcknowledgement

Outline

1 The Basic Problem We Have StudiedAbstractIntroduction

2 Cognitive RadioAbout Cognitive RadioOur ProposalSensingSharingCognitive Engine

3 Our ResultConclusionAcknowledgement

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

ConclusionAcknowledgement

Conclusion

1 During disaster, most of thenetworks crashes which requirethe need to access spectrum

2 Most of the networks are licensedbut unutilize & can be used duringemergency

3 Estimate of collateral damage tothe network by disaster

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

ConclusionAcknowledgement

Conclusion

1 During disaster, most of thenetworks crashes which requirethe need to access spectrum

2 Most of the networks are licensedbut unutilize & can be used duringemergency

3 Estimate of collateral damage tothe network by disaster

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

ConclusionAcknowledgement

Conclusion

1 During disaster, most of thenetworks crashes which requirethe need to access spectrum

2 Most of the networks are licensedbut unutilize & can be used duringemergency

3 Estimate of collateral damage tothe network by disaster

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

ConclusionAcknowledgement

Outline

1 The Basic Problem We Have StudiedAbstractIntroduction

2 Cognitive RadioAbout Cognitive RadioOur ProposalSensingSharingCognitive Engine

3 Our ResultConclusionAcknowledgement

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

The Basic Problem We Have StudiedCognitive Radio

Our Result

ConclusionAcknowledgement

Acknowledgement

We like to thank Dr. Ghanshyam Singh for his extraordinary guidancethroughout our presentation.

We also wish to thank Mr. Viranjay M. Srivastava for his support and help.

Finally, we are also grateful to Mr. Salman Raju Talluri for investing hisvaluable time in helping us .

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

Appendix Refrences

Refrences I

1 S. Haykin, Cognitive radio: brain-empowered wireless communications,IEEE Journal Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 201- 220, 2005.

2 J. O. Neel, J. H. Reed, and R. P. Gilles, Convergence of cognitive radionetworks, IEEE Proc. WCNC, 2004, pp. 2250 - 2255.

3 Personal Communications: Special issue on Software Radios, Aug. 99,Vol. 6, No. 4.

4 D. E. Goldberg, Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization, andMachine Learning, Reading, MA : Addison-Wesley, 1989.

5 Applications of Machine Applications of Machine Learning CognitiveRadio Networks by Charles Clancy, Department of Defence Joe Hecker,SAIC Erich Stuntebeck, Georgia Tech Tim Shea, NC State

6 Game theory for cognitive radio networks by Beibei Wang, Yongle Wu,K.J. Ray Liu

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio

Appendix Refrences

Thank You

This slide was prepared usingLATEXmarkup language

We would now acknowledgequeries from the audience

Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio