1

Disaster Management (DM)

Singha Raj Uprety, Director : NASC

sruprety 2

Learning Objectives

At the end of this session we will be able to:

• explain the conceptual underpinnings of disasters

• understand the types, causes and scale of disasters; and

• demonstrate basic skills to manage disasters.

sruprety 3

Disaster?Loss or suffering caused either by a progressive or sudden calamity or misdeed which lead to the following situation:

total or partial loss of life or properties

disruptions to normal pattern of lives

sruprety 4

Basic elements required to call a disaster situation

HAZARD (Cause)OCCURENCE

VULNERABILITY (effect)

= DISASTER

Understanding disaster

5

Hazard

Vulnerable objects

Until the tree falls causing losses of life property, it is just likelihood of occurring disaster

Example I

DISASTER

6

Corrupt•Politicians•Planners•Policy makers

Example IIIV

uln

era

ble

sruprety

Hazards

sruprety 7

Hazards may be:

Poverty, environmental degradation, terrorism, social crimes, …….

Understanding disaster

• Faulty plans, policies and infrast.• Misuse of scientific innovations • Abuse of natural resources• Ethical dishonesty •………..

Fire, air, land and water related

Human-induced

Complex

Natural

The human side of disaster

sruprety 8

sruprety 9

Physical

Economic

Financia

l

Social

Psychological

Vulnerability is hazard dependent !

Pol

itic

al

Understanding disaster

sruprety 10

Disaster should not be taken for only the tragic situation brought about by certain incidents like natural flood, fire break, earthquake, storm etc.

There are disasters prompted by human misdeeds in all sectors and in every walk of our life.(For instance, disasters are in construction field, urban settlements, consumption items, education, health, administration, religion, business, politics……)

Understanding disaster

sruprety 11

New dimensions of disasters

• Conflicts for(land, water, forest, political

ideology,

social prestige, sensual enjoyment…..)

•Climate change•Terrorism• Market pollution (in quality and

quantity of goods and services)

sruprety 12

Disaster levels and impacts

Level•Global

•National

•Community

•Individual

Ultimate

Secondary

Primary

Understanding disaster

Impacts

sruprety

An automobile as it rolls out of the factory is a technological success. But when it is used as a means of transport this will pollute the biosphere thus to cause disasters.

Likewise, human miseries brought about by atomic energy, war weaponries so on are glaring examples in producing mega-disasters.

sruprety

Complexity in assessing the extent of loss or damage

Earthquake or Flooding

Loss of 1000 people plus the loss of Rs. 20 million worth.

Destruction or damage of lives and properties

Unplanned Settlement

Hazardous constructions, unsafe drinking water and sewage system, garbage pilings, traffic jams……

Loss from land, air, water and sound pollution, loss of beatitude, loss from uneconomic public utility services.

Political Instability

Conflict, insurgency, killings, kidnapping, rapping, robbery,

Untold sufferings of people from the deprivation of their homes, livelihoods, dignity, justice, human rights, democracy, mental peace etc.

Incidences Disaster situation Hypothetical Losses

Whi

ch o

ne is

big

ger

loss

?

sruprety

We can calculate the direct losses caused by a firebreak, landslide, earthquake etc. But we cannot calculate the losses brought about by the morbidity, environmental degradation, misuse of harmful technology, absence of justice for human rights, denial of democracy, unproductive educational system and so on.

Therefore, in many instances the losses propelled by human induced disasters prove far greater and vulnerable per se than the losses caused by natural disasters. All this necessarily demands a fresh definition of the term Disaster.

sruprety 16

Have you any

question about

understanding

the concept of

Disaster ?

Understanding disaster

sruprety 17

Disaster Management ?Disaster management is a continuous process of assessing the occurrences of different types of disasters in a given location and managing such disasters by way of formulating the following alternative plans:

Disaster management

• Preparedness Plan

• Mitigation Plan

• Prevention Plan

Thru•Technical measures

•Administrative measures

Either byControlling

hazards

Or byControlling vulnerability

Disaster management is possible

18sruprety

sruprety 19

avoid or minimize the probable losses of life and properties

follow the right path

of development process.

Disaster managementWhy DM?

sruprety 20

DM Cycle

Disaster

•Preparedness or•Mitigation or•Prevention Plan

Response•Rescue and relief•PDNA (post disaster need assessment• Sphere Standard

ConductDIA

Disaster management

Formulate either

Select dvmt.

projects

Recovery

ReconstructionResettlementrehabilitation

sruprety 21

Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)At the World Conference on Disaster Reduction in Kobe, Japan, in 2005, the international community signed up to a 10-year DRR strategy.•DRR is a systematic approach to identifying, assessing and reducing the risks of disasters. •It aims to reduce socio-economic vulnerabilities to disaster through multi-pronged approach.•It is generally means the application of policies, strategies and practices to minimize disaster risks and vulnerabilities throughout society for development.

ICT in DRMInformation communication technology (ICT) is a means to inform vulnerable people in a quickest possible time in order to avoid or minimize the risk of their life and property. Application of ICT could be in: •pre-disaster stage•during disaster stage •post disaster stageAll this will be further dealt in the upcoming sessions

sruprety 22

sruprety

Remember that you are the disaster manager first of all of yourself then of your family, your community

and of your nation.

23

Disaster management

upretysr 24

My publications.

1. Guidelines for Improving Your Skills in Project Proposal Writing with LFA, Report Writing and Report Presentation Fifth and Enlarged Edition 2008,

2. Aaojana prastav Lekhan 2nd Edition, 2009

3. Daibi Prokop Tatha Prokop Vayvasthapan, 2nd

edition 2066 B.S. (Disaster and Disaster Management: General Concept and Nepalese Context, in Nepali).

4. Fundamentals of Monitoring and Evaluation, 2nd Edition 2008

5. People's Participation: Lesson for Better Planning published in 1999 by NASC.

Thanks for listening !

Untouched by ITC

Wish you all the best 26sruprety