ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH NEEDS ASSESSMENT

IN POST DISASTER SITUATION(Principles for Reconstruction)

Fuad Amsyari MD, PhDPresented at International Seminar on Disaster

Management, Airlangga Medical School,

Surabaya, 16 June 2012

1. DISASTER2. ENVIRONMENT

3. HEALTH4. ASSESSMENT

5. PROSPECT

1. DISASTER:A SUDDEN GREAT MISFORTUNE,

i.e. ONE BRINGING WITH IT DESTRUCTION OF LIFE OR

PROPERTY OR CAUSING COMPLETE RUIN

It may happen in a limited or vast area

People must response it with adequate actions to save their life (including

health) and belongings (including the environment where they live)

Including: Reconstraction at Post Disaster

Tragedy

THE SEQUENCE OF DISASTER OCCURANCE:

1. Pre Disaster Condition2. Disaster

3. Post Disaster Situation

POST DISASTER SITUATION NEEDS TO BE ASSESSED FOR

BASIS OF PROPER RECONSTRUCTION

ASSESSMENT COVERS:

PRINCIPLES and DATA on

ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH

PROPER RECONSTRACTION is supposed leading to

BETTER ENVIRONMENT & HEALTHfor the people

2. ENVIRONMENT EVERYTHING BEYOND INDIVIDUAL

SYSTEM, covering Social, Bio-Chemical, and Physical components

PRINCIPLES ON ENVIRONMENT

ECOLOGICAL THEORY and CONCEPT OF ECOSYSTEM

ECOSYSTEM an entity in which there are complex interactions between people, plants, animals, and materials in such a way

making and toward stability

THE DYNAMIC OF ECOSYSTEM:

Stable Natural Ecosystem, - by Natural Disaster - by Human ActivitiesUnstable Ecosystem, - ecological succession process - through management Restabilized Ecosystem: - natural - man made

ECOSYSTEM IS FOR:

-Energy sources(food and non-food)

-Habitat to stay and live(convenience surroundings)

ECOSYSTEM QUALITY:

= Degradation: loosing natural resources

= Pollution: habitat in unhealthy condition

MAN and ECOSYSTEM:

-Man is UNSEPARABLE PARTS of ecosystem

-Stable ecosystem makes human life in harmony

-Unstable ecosystem makes people in

disharmony

NATURAL DISASTER MAKES ECOSYSTEM UNSTABLE,

EFFORTS MUST BE MADE TO STABLIZE IT AGAIN TO PROVIDE

HARMONY

IF NATURAL DISASTER OCCURS IN VAST AREA:

THE RECONSTRUCTION MUST OBEY ECOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES

FOR SPATIAL PLANNING OF A REGION

ECOLOGICAL RULES:

Fuel Powered Ecosystem (City/Industries)

must be supported sufficiently by:

Subsidized Natural Ecosystem (Agriculture)

and Natural Ecosystem

(Forest)

IF NATURAL DISASTER OCCURS IN LIMITED AREA:

THE RECONSTRUCTION IS TO RECOVER THE PRIOR

ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AREA

IF NATURAL DISASTER OCCURS IN SPECIFIC AREA, i.e. A CITY:

THE RECONSTRUCTION IS DIRECTED TO BUILD IDEAL

SPATIAL PLANNING OF A CITY

CITY SPATIAL PLANNING:- Green Belt Zone- Residential Area- Industrial Zone- Public Facilities

- Transportation Network

An Ideal City has:20% area for Green Belt

20% area for Transportation

Green Belt Area, 75% of which is planted with trees

3. HEALTH(WHO DEFINITION)

‘a state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing and not merely the absence

of disease and infirmity’.

The state of health of a person is quite dynamic, subject to environmental quality

IMPORTANCE OF HEALTH:

Health is not everything, but without health everything becomes nothing

DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH

Genetic System Environment

- Activation of Selective Genes(epigenetic mechanism)

- Point Mutation

As Genetic System is subject to Environment,

so the dominant determinant of

health status stays on the Quality of Environment

NEW PARADIGM IN HEALTH:

Better Health by

Holistic Approach through

Healthy Environment.

MOST RECENT ORIENTATION ON MEDICAL/HEALTH SERVICES

Predict and Prevent

rather than

Simply Respond to Epidemic/Pandemic Case

HEALTH ECOLOGY

rather than

CLASSICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY

THOSE NEW ORIENTATION IS BENEFICIAL FOR

ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH ASESSMENT

IN POST DISASTER SITUATION

4. ASSESSMENTThe Act of Assessing, i.e. to

determine the importance or value of a subject of interest

DATA TO BE ASSESSED:

1. DISASTER- Type of disaster

- Time of occurrence- Single or Prolonged- New or Recurrent

2. ENVIRONMENT -Area of impact

-Type of Ecosystem ruined- Zones of city destroyed

- Housing- Infrastructure

- Economic assets- Cultural asset

- Quality of Air, Water, and Land

3. HEALTH - Mortality and Morbidity Rate

- Projection no. of victims - Spreading of disease agents

- Identification of high risk group- Availability of Food & Drinking water

-Availability of Sanitation- Availability of Health Facilities

5. PROSPECT

THE HANDLING OF POST DISASTER SITUATION REQUIRES:

Quick and Proper Actions by Government (Most Resposible)

Supported by:Scientific SocietyPrivate SectorsCommunities

RECONSTRUCTION AT POST DISASTER TRAGEDY

should includeBETTER STRATEGY ON

DEVELOPMENT OF THE AREA

Precautious Actions against potential occurrence of Disasters:

-identification of high risk area -surveillance via pre-emptive signal

New Strategy on Development is required, i.e.:

“Religion and Environment Based National Development”

to prevent/minimize frequent occurrences of Natural and Man-Made

Disasters

(detailed information at my blog: fuadamsyari.wordpress.com)

People believe that NATURAL DISASTERS

is God’s Warnings

for unfaithful community

MAN-MADE DISASTERSis the impact of

Development Strategy neglecting ENVIRONMENT

Thank You,

(Wassalaam)