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Seminar on Disaster Managementby Group A students
1. Abhay Vimal2. Abhilasha Goyal3. Ajay Solanki4. Akanksha Lamba5. Akanksha Srivastava
Under the guidance of:
Dr. Sanjay Dixit sirDr. Harish Shukla sir
INTRODUCTION
India often faces many natural calamities like floods, cyclones, drought, etc. because of its large geographical size and unpredictable climatic conditions.
WHAT IS DISASTER?
Disaster is any occurrence that causes damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life or deterioration of health and health services on a scale sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area.
EFFECTS OF DISASTER
Completely disrupts the normal day to day life.
Negative influence on emergency system
Normal needs and processes affected
MAIN FEATURES OF DISASTER
UnpredictabilityUnfamiliaritySpeedUrgencyUncertaintyThreat
Thus, in simple terms we can define disaster as a hazard causing heavy loss to life, property and livelihood.
TYPES OF DISASTERMajor natural disasters:•Flood•Cyclone•Drought•Earthquake
Minor natural disasters:•Cold wave•Heat waves•Mud slides•Thunderstorms
Major man made disasters:•Setting of fires•Epidemic•Deforestation•Chemical pollution•Wars
Minor man made disasters:•Road train accidents•Food poisoning•Environmental pollution•Industrial disasters
PARAMETERS OF DISASTER
RiskVulnerabilityHazards
disaster risk= hazard + vulnerability
DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE
DISASTER IMPACT AND RESPONSE
Steps for Management of Mass Casualties:
• Search, rescue and first aid• Field care• Triage and Tagging• Hospitalization and Treatment• Care of the dead
Search, Rescue and First aid
Field Care
Adequate health care facilities• Bed availability• Food and shelter• Center for responding
to enquiries• Identification of victims• Adequate mortuary space
Triage
Classifying the injured on basis of severity of injuries and likelihood of survival with medical intervention.
High priority: prognosis can be affected by medical intervention
Low priority: require great deal of attention with questionable benefit.
Triage (cont..)
Triage: Four Color Code System
Red- high priority or transfer
Yellow- medium priority
Green- ambulatory patients
Black- dead
Tagging
Tagging: For Identification
Care of the Dead
Removal of dead bodies
Shifting to mortuary
Identification
Reception of relatives
Relief Phase
Relief phase: assistance from outside
Steps in Managing Relief Supplies:• Acquisition of supplies• Transportation• Storage• Distribution
Relief supplies:• Emergency phase• Delayed phase
Vaccination
WHO does not recommend typhoid and cholera vaccination in endemic areas.
Recommended for health workers Best protection- routine immunization
Nutrition
Food relief programme:
Steps for ensuring effectiveness-• Assess food supplies• Assess nutritional needs• Monitor nutritional status
Rehabilitation
Definition Services under rehabilitation:• Water supply • Food safety• Basic sanitation and personal hygiene• Vector control
Water Supply
Survey of all public water supplies:• Microbiological• Chlorination• Chemical Measures of protection of water sources
Food Safety
Poor hygiene- cause of food borne disease
Maintain:• Kitchen sanitation• Personal hygiene
Basic Sanitation and Personal Hygiene
Fecal contamination of food and water- causes communicable diseases
Emergency latrines Facilities provided: washing, cleaning
and bathing
Vector Control
Control programme: intensified Special concern:
dengue fever,
malaria,
leptospirosis,
rat bite fever,
typhus and plague
Disaster Mitigation
Measures include:• Flood mitigation works• Land use planning• Improved building course• Reduction of vulnerable population and
structures
Types of Mitigation
Structural: proper layout of buildings
example- flood levees Non structural:
example- legislation, land use planning, insurance
Hazard specific risks: Rh
Combines probability and level of impact
Rh = H x Vh
Rh = Hazard specific risk
H = Hazard
Vh = Population vulnerability to the hazard
Personal Mitigation Knowing and avoiding unnecessary
risks Example: avoid buying property exposed to
hazard Measures of personal structural
mitigation: • Earthquake valve• Seismic retrofits• House built on poles
PREPAREDNESS IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT
It is a program of long term developmental activities whose goals are to strengthen the overall capacity and capability of a country to manage efficiently all types of emergency.
WHAT IS PREPAREDNESS?
Preparedness focuses on preparing equipment and procedures for use when a disaster occurs, i.e. PLANNING.
survival kit -
72hr kit
OBJECTIVES OF PREPAREDNESS
PROGRAM To ensure provision of assistance
to victims To facilitate relief measures To provide rehabilitation
services Disaster preparedness handbook
CORNERSTONE OF EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS
PROGRAM Community members Resources Organizations Administrations
IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNITY PREPAREDNESS
Community members have the most to lose from being vulnerable to disasters and most to gain from preparedness program.The first response always comes from within the community.Resources are most easily pooled at community levelFor sustained development
MEASURES FOR PREPAREDNESS PROGRAM
Evaluation of risk Multiagency co-ordination Communication plans Organization of information systems Community emergency response team Adoption of standards and regulations
MEASURES FOR PREPAREDNESS PROGRAM
(contd.) Emergency shelters
and evacuation plans Stock piling, inventory,
supplies and equipment Emergency operation centre Trained volunteers amongst civilians Development of educational programs
PERSONAL PROTECTION
Measures to be taken during all emergencies:
1.Do not use the phone except to call for help. 112- Emergency phone no
2.Listen to messages broadcasted by radio and other means of communication.
3.Keep a family emergency kit ready
FLOODS
Beforehand measures
During a flood measures
After flood measures
STORM, HURRICANE & TORNADOES
Beforehand measures
During an emergency
After the emergency
EARTHQUAKES
Beforehand measures
During an earthquake
After the emergency
DISASTERS IN INDIA
DISASTERS IN INDIA
Cyclic weather variations:
Northern mountains- Snow storms, landslides, earthquakes
Eastern- Floods and cyclones
Western- Droughts
8 major natural calamities a year
DISASTERS IN INDIA (contd.)
Orissa- Cyclone (29th October 1999)
Gujarat- Earthquake (26th January 2001)
Tamil Nadu- Tsunami (December 2004)
ROLE PLAYED BY GOVERNMENT
State Government- Execution of reliefCentral Government- Supplementation
of final resources Ministry of Agriculture- Nodal ministry
for coordination of all activities
during a natural disaster
Disaster Management Act ( DMA) 2005
President of India gave assent to DMA 2005 on Jan 9, 2006.
Act comprises of 79 sections and 11 chapters..
Natural disaster management
authority
EMERGENCY MEDICAL RELIEF WING
Health is an important part of disaster management. So under Ministry of Health and Family Welfare there is a wing called “Emergency Medical Relief” Wing.
FOREWARNING THE DISASTER
IMD (Indian Meteorological Department). It has 5 centres.
DWS (Disaster Warning System), Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh
SASE (Snow and Avalanche Study Establishment), Manali.
MAN MADE DISASTERS
3 categories: Sudden disasters e.g. Bhopal Gas
TragedyChernobyl
accident
Insidious disasters e.g. Research Labs & Chemical Plants
Wars and Civil conflicts e.g. World Trade Centre
World Disaster Reduction Day-
2nd Wednesday Of October
THANK YOU